Valuable commercial fish of Western Siberia. Sturgeon fish

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For many representatives of the stronger half of humanity, fishing is a hobby, but not a means of profit. Although, just recently, some 100 years ago, fishing was of no importance to many as an activity purely for pastime. For many, fishing was a means of survival.

Nowadays, most anglers come to a certain, interesting place to catch a rare but valuable specimen that can leave a memory for a lifetime. Siberia and the Far East are also visited by many who like to go fishing and catch tasty and valuable fish, especially since there are many types of fish found here in sufficient quantities. In addition, the places also attract anglers because fishing here is mostly free.

Some areas here are distinguished by the fact that you can only really get here in winter. Unfortunately, there is nothing to do here alone, since the places are characterized by harsh conditions, and you need to know the places. Therefore, it is better to buy some kind of ticket and go fishing as a whole team together with a guide.

Winter fishing competitions are regularly held on Lake Baikal. There are plenty of similar interesting places in Siberia and the Far East, you just need to choose the right place.

Many fishermen dream of fishing on Lake Baikal, since grayling and omul are found here, as well as pike, ide, catfish, perch and other fish, both predatory and peaceful. In addition, there are very picturesque and interesting places with wildlife.

Exact fish habitats in Siberia and the Far East

The reservoirs of Western Siberia are considered one of the richest in terms of the number of fish living in them. The Ob River is also considered one of the richest in fish resources. It can also include its tributaries. In rivers such as the Yenisei, Tom, Amur, Yaya, Lena, Kia, Mris Su, Ters, Uryuk and others, there are a huge number of different species of fish.

The reservoirs of the Far East provide the largest amount of diverse fish, which corresponds to more than 60% of all fish caught in Russia. The seas of the Far East replenish the industrial catch with cod and salmon, which are highly valued for their tasty meat. As a rule, they are caught in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, Sea of ​​Japan and Bering Sea, which belong to the Pacific expanses.

The following types of fish are caught in the Far East:

• 40% herring.
• 100% crab.
• 99% salmon.
• 90% flounder.
• 60% shellfish.

In other words, at least 80% of all fish that is caught on an industrial scale throughout Russia is caught here. In addition to fish, there is fishing for algae, which accounts for almost 90% of the total in Russia.

In this article I would like to analyze the most coveted and significant fish of Siberia, fish of northern rivers, mountain taiga streams with cold water and rocky rifts, and lakes. Freshwater ichthyofauna of Siberia, as well as the Urals. Ichthyofauna of the entire taiga zone of Russia. I will not mention the fish that are abundant in the southern zone, and will focus only exclusively on the fish of the taiga, the fish of the north. Noble breeds of fish that are hunted by amateur fishermen in pursuit of a big trophy, tourists traveling through the taiga, and indigenous people of the north, for whom fishing is a way of obtaining food, and not sport, entertainment and the pursuit of a trophy.

Muksun

A valuable commercial fish from the whitefish and salmon family, it lives in the rivers of Siberia, in particular in the basins of the Ob, Irtysh, Lena, and Yenisei rivers. It is valued for its taste, as well as its nutritional value and the presence of essential substances. Well consumed lightly salted. It is enough for the muksun to stand in salting for about 9 hours, and only then it can be eaten. The meat is fatty and melts in your mouth. The calorie content of meat is about 90 kcal per 100 g. It is also widely used for preparing stroganina.

Fishing methods: In many regions of the country, fishing for muksun is prohibited, in others it is caught with nets, and muksun can also be caught with a fly, having a varied supply of bait with you.

Nelma

Valuable commercial fish of the whitefish family, reaching a weight of 50 kg. It lives in the rivers of Siberia, in the Arctic Ocean basin. It is considered one of the most delicious fish in Russia, and any fish dish made from it always turns out delicious. Just like muksun, nelma is good lightly salted and as planed meat. Is an endangered species.

Fishing methods: In all southern regions of Siberia, fishing for nelma is prohibited; it is caught industrially by artels in the northern part. Yes, and catching it with a spinning rod in the southern part is quite difficult, which cannot be said about the Ob or Yenisei delta, where nelma likes to live. The fish is very careful and shy. Nelma catches well on various spinners and spoons, most often ordinary ones, silver in color, matching the color of smelt and vendace fry.

Cheer

Chir (or Shchokur) is a representative of the whitefish genus. A valuable commercial fish, it lives in both fresh and semi-fresh water at the confluence of large Siberian rivers with the Arctic Ocean. Also available in Kamchatka. Chir serves as a bonus for commercial fishermen when catching nelma and muksun. Also lives in freshwater lakes.

Fishing methods: Just like muksun, whitefish are caught with nets, but, unlike whitefish, they bite quite well on a fishing rod and spinning rod. Various insects, larvae, meat of mollusks living along the seashore, and, of course, artificial baits are used as bait.

Omul

Valuable commercial fish of the whitefish genus. Small sizes, up to 6-8 kg. Baikal omul lives only in Lake Baikal and nearby rivers, where it spawns. In the river basin of the Arctic Ocean lives arctic omul . It is well used salted, smoked, and also as planed meat.

Fishing methods: omul is caught at any time of the year. Fishing is possible both from the shore and from a boat. Omul takes well on small, bright, stationary and moving baits, including spinning rods. Local residents use pieces of foam rubber, fresh meat or a piece of fish as bait. In the depths of winter, omul descends to depths of over 200 meters, and appropriate gear is needed to catch it.

Pyzhyan

Siberian whitefish lives in rivers of the European north and Siberia. Weight up to 5 kg. Length up to 80 cm. It has good taste and is an object of both amateur and commercial fishing. It has a characteristic transition from the head to the body. Pyzhyan feeds on mollusks, larvae, and various insects.

Fishing methods: Fishing takes place using cast seines and the installation of nets. Amateur fishing takes place using ordinary gear and bait. The best bait is chiromanidae, also caviar, mollusk, fly, bloodworm.

Tugun

A small commercial fish of the whitefish genus. In the Urals it is also known as Sosvinskaya herring . Fish of northern rivers live in the basins of the Ob and its tributaries (in particular, Northern Sovva, Pur, Taz, Nadym, etc.), on the Yenisei, Lena, etc. Length up to 100 cm, weight up to 100 g. Tugun meat tastes like fresh cucumber, the meat is tender and fatty. Tugun is smoked and consumed salted.

Fishing methods: Tugun is caught using seines; fishing with a rod or spinning rods is ineffective. Fishing most often occurs during the spring flood, when the fish go to fatten; they are also caught in the summer.

Lenok

A genus of fish in the salmon family. Lives in freshwater reservoirs and rivers. Most often in fast, cold mountain rivers, on rapids. It lives in Siberia and the Far East, as well as in China, Mongolia, and Western Korea. It is not found in the European part of Russia, west of the Ural Mountains. Predator, feeds on various insects, mollusks, worms, flies. It has other names: Russian - lenok, Turkic - uskuch, Evenki - maygun, Yakut - byyit and literary - Siberian trout. Is an endangered species.

Fishing methods: There is no commercial fishing; lenok is one of the popular fish for sport and recreational fishing. Fly fishing and spinning gear is used. Young lenok are caught with a fly, similar to grayling, larger specimens are caught with spoons, various spinners, wobblers, etc.

Grayling

A popular fish of northern rivers of the salmon family. It is an object of sport and amateur fishing and is valued for its excellent taste. There are Siberian, European and Mongolian grayling. Reaches a weight of 2.5-3 kg. It feeds on various larvae, mollusks, insects that have fallen into the water: midges, leafhoppers, grasshoppers, gadflies, etc.

Fishing methods: The most popular way to catch grayling is fly fishing. It can also be caught with a spinning rod and a regular fishing rod. Most often, grayling is caught using a fly. There are 4 places where grayling catches well: on riffles, rapids, immediately after the stones, standing facing upstream; near fallen trees; near large stones (standing at depth); on a riffle, to the side of the main stream. If fishing is done with spoons and spinners, then, as a rule, light baits are selected, but large grayling can also be taken with heavy ones.

Taimen

The fish of the salmon family is listed in the Red Book of Russia; in some reservoirs it is grown and fishing is prohibited. It is a coveted trophy for any taiga fisherman. It can reach a weight of 70-85 kg and a length of up to 2 meters. Lives in fresh, cold water and does not go to sea. It lives throughout the taiga belt. The further north his habitat is, the more comfortable he becomes.

Fishing methods: Taimen is a predator and the fishing methods are the same as for other predators. In those rivers where there are many small fish, such as grayling and various types of whitefish, taimen also live. Fishing for taimen most often takes place under a special license or only for trophy photography, after which the fish are released. They are used with various spinners, spinners, wobblers and other spinning gear.

Sterlet

Valuable commercial fish of the sturgeon family. Body length reaches 130 cm, weight - up to 20 kg (in rare cases). Large specimens live mainly in northern rivers. It feeds on invertebrates and eats the eggs of other fish. It lives in the basins of many Siberian and European rivers in Russia, as well as in the seas. It is an object of fishing and spearfishing. Has excellent taste. An endangered species.

Fishing methods: is the target of poaching. Amateur fishermen catch sterlet under license. The most common tackle is a bottom bait with a bait in the form of a worm.

Burbot

Fish of the cod order, the only one that lives only in fresh water bodies. It is found almost throughout the taiga zone, most common in the rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin. As a rule, the weight of burbot does not exceed 1 kg.

Fishing methods: The best periods for catching burbot are winter and early spring. The best tackle is a donka, as well as a float rod. As bait you should use live bait, fry, frog, leech. It goes well at night, because at night it comes out of its burrows and lies in wait for prey near snags. It is also effective to place burbot perches at night in winter.

Pike

Not a species, but a whole family of pike. It lives both in Siberia and throughout Russia, almost everywhere. The most popular predator in our waters. The length of the pike reaches 2 meters, and the weight is 35 kg, but in rare cases.

Fishing methods: for live bait, for frog, for tadpole. When using a spinning rod, any bait works well, depending on the reservoir and the situation, be it all kinds of spinners, wobblers that imitate a wounded fry, vibrating tails, etc. This bloodthirsty predator is best caught in the spring, before its spawning, and in the fall - during the feeding season, with late August to mid-October (in the north - until September)

Dace

A small fish of the carp family. The dace lives in clean flowing rivers, both with sandy and pebble bottoms, as well as in lakes. It feeds on small insects, invertebrate plankton, and plant shoots.

Fishing methods: like all carp - a float rod with bait on a hook. Also bottom tackle and fly fishing. Bait: bloodworms, maggots, porridge, bread, worm.

Rainbow trout

Other name Mikizha . Fish of the salmon family. Small in size, length up to 55 cm, weight up to 1.5 kg. Lives in cold water, loves clean mountain rivers and lakes. Predator, feeds on fry of other fish, minnows, verkhovna, insects, etc.

Fishing methods: fly fishing or spinning. Small trout are caught on a fly, like Siberian grayling; larger individuals will bite on spoons and other spinning gear.

Minnow

The minnow is a small representative of the carp family. On the right photo lake minnow , on the left - river . The length of the fish is up to 15 cm, weight - up to 90-100 g. It feeds on mosquito larvae, flies, and small insects. The body is covered with small scales. Minnows are usually used as bait for larger fish, but can be eaten.

Fishing methods: minnows are caught during the day in calm, windless weather; at night the fish do not bite. Worms, bloodworms, and maggots are used as bait. Minnow fishing occurs in early autumn; later it goes into hibernation.

Chukuchan

A small freshwater fish of the whitefish family. Dimensions of Siberian vendace: up to 35 cm in length and weight up to 1 kg. Semi-anadromous fish, i.e. lives both in the salt water of the ocean and in the fresh water of Siberian rivers flowing into the Laptev Sea. Vendace is consumed fresh, salted and smoked. Rich in nutrients as well as Omega-3 fats.

Fishing methods: commercial fish. It is caught mainly with seines, because the effectiveness of conventional fishing rods is low.

Ide

Fish from the carp family. Young animals are called roaches . Lives everywhere in the taiga zone. In Siberia it is found up to Yakutia. Reaches a weight of 3 kg and a length of 55 cm. Lives up to 20 years. Omnivorous fish. Lives in rivers, lakes, ponds. Avoids fast cold water and mountain rivers. Prefers rivers with more stretches of calm water and great depth.

Fishing methods: ides are caught using conventional types of gear. Float rods, donks, spinning rods, with various spinners and spinners. The ide takes well at dusk, because at this time it feeds. The bait is worms, bloodworms, maggots, bread, bran, etc.

Perch

From the perch family. Found throughout northern Eurasia. Reaches a size of 44.7 cm and a weight of more than 2 kg. Predator, very voracious. It is eaten as a base for fish soup, fried, smoked, and dried. It is an object of sports, amateur and commercial fishing.

Fishing methods: Like all predators, perch takes well to bait of animal origin. For live bait, worm. Takes well with spinning tackle, wobblers (right picture), spinners, vibrotails, and various spinners. It usually lives together with pike, in places with a large number of small fish.

Chebak

Fish of the carp family. Chebak is a subspecies of roach, distributed mainly in the Urals and Siberia. In Siberia, the chebak lives almost everywhere. It is found in large quantities on the Kolyma, Indigirka, Lena, Yenisei and other Siberian rivers. Basically it is a small fish, but reaches a weight of up to 3.5 kg. In many reservoirs, chebak is the simplest and most popular fish. They eat it themselves and feed it to livestock, dogs and cats. Fish soup is made from it, fried, dried and smoked. In my opinion, chebak is especially good in the ear, when boiled.

Fishing methods: Chebak, like all carp fish, is omnivorous. It bites both on bait of animal origin and plant origin. Good for bloodworms, maggots, worms, dough, bread crumbs, corn. Classic chebak fishing occurs with a simple float rod.

Ruff

A species of fish from the perch family. In Siberia it lives everywhere up to the border of the tundra. A small fish, reaching only 30 cm in length and weighing up to 250 g. An unpretentious fish that can adapt to its living conditions. Schooling fish. It lives in both fresh water and slightly brackish waters. Predator, nocturnal.

Fishing methods: It bites best in spring, autumn and early winter - at this time it begins to eat. The time for fishing is morning and evening. In summer it is caught at night, in cool times. It bites on bloodworms, worms, and maggots. Tackle - float rod.

In the waters of the reserve, 1 species of lamprey (class cyclostomata) and 33 species of fish belonging to 11 families live permanently or come to spawn: lampreys - 1 species (river lamprey); salmon - 2 species (lenok, taimen); whitefish - 8 species (nelma, omul, vendace, muksun, river whitefish, peled, broad whitefish, tugun); grayling - 1 species (Siberian grayling); pike - 1 species (common pike); carp - 11 species (golden and silver crucian carp, roach, dace, common and lake minnows, gudgeon, ide, bream, tench); loaches - 2 species (loaches, loaches); cod - 1 species (burbot); sticklebacks - 1 species (nine-spined stickleback); sculpin - 3 species (Siberian and variegated sculpins, stone sculpin).

In the sandy sediments of the left bank of the Yenisei live sand miners - the larvae of the Siberian lamprey, the only Yenisei representative of the class of cyclostomes. Their development lasts 4 years; adults spawn in spring in tributaries on shallow pebbles; after spawning they die.

Sturgeon, nelma, muksun, vendace are semi-anadromous fish, the rest of the species are residential, although some of them are capable of significant migrations within the reservoirs of the accessory system of the Yenisei. By type of spawning substrate, most species are lithopsammophiles and lithophiles, which is due to the abundance of pebble and sand-pebble soils in the middle Yenisei basin. The timing of spawning varies, but the group of spring-spawning fish is the most numerous. Due to the low production of zooplankton in the Yenisei and especially in its tributaries, benthos plays the main role in the nutrition of peaceful and partly predatory fish species.

Both types of sturgeon are widespread in the Yenisei - Siberian sturgeon and sterlet. Until recently, despite intensive fishing, they maintained high numbers, but now they are literally dying as a result of extremely intensive and predatory poaching outside the reserve. For sterlet, the Yenisei basin is the eastern edge of its range. To the south of the reserve are the most important spawning grounds for sterlet - the channels of the Vorogovsky multi-island. Spawning occurs at the end of May - June. Males reach sexual maturity in the sixth to seventh year of life, females in the seventh to ninth year. After intensive summer-autumn feeding, the sterlet lies down for the winter in pits located in the middle reaches of the Yenisei.

The Siberian sturgeon forms two morphologically similar ecological forms on the Yenisei: residential and semi-anadromous. Residential sturgeon constantly live in the middle reaches of the river, its feeding and rearing areas are located mainly on the left bank, and juveniles stay in shallow water, in dams and channels, and older individuals prefer deeper areas. Semi-anadromous sturgeons feed in the Yenisei Bay and the inner delta of the Yenisei, rise upstream to spawn and winter together with the resident ones in pits in the middle reaches. Spawning in both forms occurs in June-July, mainly in the Vorogovsky multi-island area. Sturgeons mature late: males rarely reach age 17, females reach age 19, usually 2-3 years later. Sturgeon, like sterlet, is a typical benthophage, however, sterlet feeds mainly on sandy-pebble and pebble-stony soils in the central part of the river bed, and sturgeon feeds on the sands near the left bank, which takes them out of competitive relations.

The largest numbers and species diversity of fish are characterized by the coastal areas of the Yenisei, Kurya and channels - places with a developed fauna of bottom invertebrates. Cyprinids are constantly found here: soroga or Siberian roach, ide, dace, gudgeon; Bream is occasionally found, a species acclimatized in the 1960s. in the Krasnoyarsk reservoir and over the past 30 years has spread throughout the Yenisei. Perch, ruffe, burbot and pike are also numerous. Cyprinids are characterized by a mixed diet: their intestines contain macrophytes, diatoms, and zoobenthos; During the mass summer of insects, they are often present. In juvenile perch, burbot and ruffe, bottom invertebrates play the main role in nutrition. In the food of adult perch and burbot, fish are of primary importance. For spawning, many species living in the coastal part of the Yenisei use the floodplain flooded in late May - early June. The substrate for spawning is submerged dead plants.

In autumn, spawning aggregations of tugun, a small short-cycle whitefish, form in the coastal area, forming local herds on the Yenisei, confined to tributaries. This species matures early: males most often in the third, females in the third or fourth year of life. At the end of August - beginning of September, the tugun leaves the tributaries of the Yenisei and spawns at the end of September - October on sandy and pebble soils.

In the second half of September - October, in the Yenisei section of the reserve, semi-anadromous whitefishes appear in the Yenisei section of the reserve - white salmon, vendace, omul, and occasionally muksun; concentrated schooling of muksun is observed only in the lower reaches of the river.

Nelma, like sturgeon, forms two ecological forms: residential and semi-anadromous. The feeding areas of migratory nelma are the delta and weakly saline areas of the Yenisei Bay. Residential salmon feed in the river, apparently forming a series of local herds. The spawning grounds of both forms coincide. Mass maturation occurs in the tenth or eleventh year of life, sometimes 2-3 years earlier. The main spawning grounds of nelma are the channels of the Vorogovsky multi-island. The sex ratio is shifted in favor of males, which is probably explained by the fact that males skip one spawning season between repeated spawnings, and females skip at least two seasons.

Vendace rises along the Yenisei to the mouth of the Podkamennaya Tunguska, spawning in October on sandy and pebble soils. Later than other whitefish species, omul appears in the Yenisei section of the reserve. The course of the omul here is sparse. The high proportion of omul of older age groups in the lower reaches of the Yenisei and its inverse ratio in the Ob suggest that the feeding and rearing areas of the omul spawning in the middle Yenisei are located in the Ob Bay and the Gydan Bay, i.e., there is a single Ob-Yenisei omul herd.

The tributaries of the Yenisei are also rich in fish. Grayling, lenok, taimen, which are more abundant in the right-bank tributaries, and river whitefish live here. On reaches with aquatic vegetation, ide, perch, and pike are common. Common minnow, loach, spined loach, and all 3 species of sculpins are common almost everywhere in the tributaries. There is also burbot, which grows here much more slowly than in the Yenisei. Grayling, lenok and taimen use tributaries of the Yenisei up to IV-V orders inclusive for spawning and feeding. In the Yenisei itself they are few in number and stay mainly in winter, while a significant part of the fish spend the winter in the tributaries. In the spring, immediately after the ice drift, and possibly still under the ice, the spawners rise to the upper reaches of the tributaries, where in late May - early June they spawn on the pebbles. The decline after spawning is gradual. The diet of juvenile taimen is quite varied and includes juvenile fish and various benthic organisms. Adult taimen is an obligate predator; in addition to fish, its stomachs often contain small rodents, chicks of waterfowl, and occasionally even muskrat. Lenok and especially grayling have highly seasonal changes in their diet, which includes benthic invertebrates, adult flying insects, eggs and juvenile fish.

River whitefish spawn in tributaries in the fall, at the end of September - October, and remain there for the winter. In the spring, producers flock to the Yenisei; Some fish remain in tributaries and are distributed among quiet sections of rivers. Bottom invertebrates, mainly mollusks, are of primary importance in the diet of whitefish.

In the upper reaches of the river. In Birobchan, while there is an abundance of pike, grayling, lenok and taimen are practically absent - this is probably due to the chemical composition of the water and lack of oxygen: one of the main sources of nutrition for the river in the upper reaches is the runoff from numerous raised swamps. The listed species inhabit in large numbers only the middle and lower reaches of the river, which here acquires a mountainous character, a strong slope of the riverbed, high flow speed with an abundance of rifts, rapids and riffles.

Numerous floodplain lakes of the reserve are inhabited by gold and silver crucian carp, lake minnow, and nine-spined stickleback. Perch, pike, sorog and ide were found in both floodplain and mainland lakes. Tench is very rarely found in the lakes on the left bank of the Yenisei. In spring and autumn, during floods, a temporary connection is formed between some floodplain reservoirs and the Yenisei, which allows many species of fish access to places rich in food. Some of them remain here during the period of isolation from the Yenisei.

The middle course of the Yenisei River in the area of ​​the reserve is of great importance as the area of ​​​​the main spawning grounds for sturgeon and whitefish and the concentration of wintering pits for sturgeon and sterlet.

	Title and drawing	Description	Status
Family Lampreys PETROMYZONTIDAE Bonaparte, 1832
	Lethenteron japonicum (Martens, 1868) - Japanese (Pacific) lamprey	ABORIGINAL
		For a long time it was believed that only small Siberian lamprey lives in the Yenisei basin (Berg, 1948, etc.). However, when analyzing materials from various areas of the lower reaches of the Yenisei and the Yenisei Bay (1948, collection and processing by V.A. Kravchuk), Podlesny (1958, p. 106) came to the conclusion that both lampreys live in the bay - Siberian and Pacific, although the latter was not included in the list of ichthyofauna of the basin. Evidence of the presence of Lethenteron japonicum in the Yenisei is the large size (up to 32.2 cm and 40 g or more) of individuals caught in estuaries, as well as their morphobiological characteristics (mouth structure, shape and number of teeth, location of fins). (Kuklin, 1999). Adult migratory lampreys reach a length of 62 cm and a weight of 240 g, living ones - up to 18-35 cm. Life expectancy is 7 years.
	Lethenteron kessleri (Anikin, 1905) – Siberian lamprey	ABORIGINAL
		The Siberian lamprey is found along the Yenisei from the upper reaches to the delta inclusive. Inhabits Chulym and some tributaries of the Yenisei (Kan, Angara, etc.). Sandworts live in rivers for up to 5-7 years, reaching 15-20 cm in length. Adult lampreys are 16-26 cm long and weigh 7-11 g. The total lifespan is probably no more than 7 years.
Family Sturgeon ACIPENSERIDAE Bonaparte, 1832
	Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869 – Siberian sturgeon (East Siberian)	ABORIGINAL	KKKK 3rd cat.
		Sturgeon in the Yenisei is a freshwater fish. It is presented in two forms - a few residential and semi-anadromous. It is almost impossible to distinguish these forms by appearance. Residential sturgeon in the Yenisei are distributed as far as Sayanogorsk; the northern border of its range has not been established. It is found in small quantities in tributaries (Angara, Podkamennaya and Nizhnyaya Tunguska) and lake. Khantaysk, in which it forms small local herds. The entire life cycle of the resident sturgeon takes place in rivers. The habitat of the semi-anadromous sturgeon includes the Middle and Lower Yenisei, the delta, the bay and the southern part of the bay. It does not rise higher than the Angara. In the Ob basin and Baikal in the past it reached a length of 2 m and a weight of 200-210 kg, usually no more than 65 kg. In the rivers of Eastern Siberia it is much smaller - usually no more than 16-20 kg. The maximum known age of the Siberian sturgeon is 60 years.
	Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 – sterlet	ABORIGINAL	KKKK 3rd cat.
		Before the regulation of the Yenisei flow, it was found almost everywhere - from the headwaters to the delta and the mouth and throat inclusive, and in numerous tributaries. Currently, the range of sterlet has decreased significantly. It retained its significance only in the section of the river below the mouth of the Angara. Known in large tributaries of the Yenisei (Sym, Angara), Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskoe reservoirs, in which it forms local herds. The smallest representative of the genus. The maximum dimensions are 1.25 m and weight 16 kg, but usually no more than 1 m and weight up to 6-6.5 kg. The maximum lifespan is 26-27 years. The age composition of catches ranges from 4 to 10-11 years.
Family Salmonidae Rafinesque, 1815
	Brachymystax lenok (Pallas, 1773) - lenok	ABORIGINAL	KKKK 3rd cat.
		Lenok is a typical inhabitant of foothill sections of rivers and mountain cold-water lakes, widely distributed throughout the Yenisei basin, from its headwaters to the river. Hantaiki and never goes into salt water. It is also common in large, predominantly right-bank tributaries of the Yenisei - Tube, Sisima, Mana, Kane, Angara, Podkamennaya and Nizhnyaya Tunguska, etc. Reaches a maximum length of 67 cm and a weight of 8 kg, the maximum age is 14 years.
	Hucho taimen (Pallas, 1773) – common taimen	ABORIGINAL
		Taimen in the Yenisei is found along the entire length of the river - from the headwaters to the mouth. Exclusively freshwater fish. It is common in right-bank tributaries, characterized by fast currents, the presence of rapids and cold water (Use, Tuba, Sisim, Mana, Kan, Angara, Podkamennaya and Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Kurenka). It also lives in flowing cold-water lakes of the region. Length up to 1 m or more, weight 30-60 kg or more (in the Yenisei up to 80 kg). Life expectancy is up to 60 years.
	Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) – pink salmon	ACCLIMATIZANT
		Pink salmon were introduced into the Barents Sea area in the late 50s. Already in 1960, hundreds of thousands of pink salmon went to spawn in the rivers of the Kola Peninsula. Some fish were caught off the coast of England and Norway. Since the beginning of the 70s, it has been constantly observed in the lower reaches of the Yenisei. There have been cases of catching pink salmon fingerlings and fry in the lower reaches of the Yenisei, which indicates its spawning in the river. Pink salmon usually live for 1.5 years, but there are cases of specimens returning to rivers at the age of 2+. Maximum dimensions 76 cm, weight 5.5 kg.
	Parasalmo mykiss irideus (Walbaum, 1792) – rainbow trout	ACCLIMATIZANT
		In the region it is grown in cage farms at the Krasnoyarsk, Sayano-Shushenskaya and Mainskaya hydroelectric power stations, in a number of lakes and in fish-water workshops of industrial enterprises. During the rearing process, the reared juveniles leaked into the Yenisei and its tributaries. As a result, trout spread widely throughout the Upper Yenisei. Known in tributaries (Kan, Abakan, Amyl, Oya, Kebezh), and in certain areas of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir (Syda Bay). Along the Yenisei from Krasnoyarsk it is found at a distance of 250-300 km downstream. In natural reservoirs of the region, trout reach 40-50 cm in length and 0.8-1.6 kg in weight. There are no documented facts of natural spawning!
	Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Arctic char	ABORIGINAL
		In the Yenisei basin it is found only in the estuarine zone. In fresh water, char consumes any available food, including various groups of benthos and plankton, as well as juveniles and small species of freshwater fish (gobies, cyprinids, sticklebacks, perch, etc.). In the sea, char feeds on fish (capelin, cod, sand lance, gobies) and large forms of zooplankton. The most intensive growth of migratory char occurs during the feeding period at sea. The walk-through form reaches a length of 110 cm and a weight of 15 kg. Apparently, the maximum age of anadromous char is 32 years
	Salvelinus drjagini Logaschev, 1940 – Dryagin's loach	ABORIGINAL
		Dryagina's loach is a residential fish that was first discovered in the lake. Makovskoye, then in lakes Sovetskoye and Nalimiem, which belong to the left bank tributary of the Lower Yenisei - Turukhan. A little later, char was noted in the lake. Khantaysk and some others. It lives mainly in mountain lakes, but is also known in tundra rivers and lakes with a sandy bottom. Dryagin's char is a large fish. It can reach a length of 90 cm and a weight of 8 kg. It differs from char from the lakes of the Arctic coast of Eurasia in its exceptionally high (up to 30% of body length) body, high and short caudal peduncle, truncated or slightly notched caudal fin. Endemic to water bodies of Central Siberia (Taimyr).
Family Whitefish COREGONIDAE Soret, 1872
	Coregonus autumnalis autumnalis (Pallas, 1776) – Arctic omul	ABORIGINAL
		Brackish-water, semi-anadromous fish. The main habitat is the Yenisei Bay, and appears in the Yenisei only during the breeding season, rising up the river to the mouth of the Angara. Known in small tundra rivers flowing into the Yenisei Bay. Lives up to 16-20 years (Lena), but more often individuals 10-11 years old predominate in catches. Typically, the length of mature fish is 26-40 cm and weighs about 1 kg; there are individuals up to 64 cm long and weighing up to 2-3 kg.
	Coregonus autumnalis migratorius (Georgi, 1775) – Baikal omul	ACCLIMATIZANT
		The Baikal omul was successfully acclimatized in the Bratsk and Krasnoyarsk reservoirs. From these reservoirs it entered the Yenisei and is now found throughout the river. It differs from the Arctic one in its narrow forehead and large eyes. The Baikal omul in the reservoir reaches a length of 44 cm and a weight of 1.5 kg. Its usual dimensions are 36-38 cm, weight 0.6-0.8 kg. The age limit for the Baikal omul in the Krasnoyarsk reservoir does not exceed 12 years.
	Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (Gmelin, 1788) whitefish	ABORIGINAL
		Distributed throughout the Yenisei from the upper reaches to the bay inclusive. Within the distribution area, the existence of semi-anadromous and river murrelet is noted. The main habitat of the semi-anadromous whitefish is the Yenisei delta. To reproduce, it rises along the Yenisei to the river. Lower Tunguska. Known in the rivers Tanama, Turukhan Kurenka, Nizhnyaya Tunguska. River whitefish live in the Yenisei from the upper reaches to Kureyka inclusive. Inhabits all right-bank tributaries (Mana, Kan, Angara, Podkamennaya and Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Kureyka), in some it forms local forms. In the area from Nizhnyaya Tunguska to Kureika, the habitats of semi-anadromous and river whitefish coincide. The maximum dimensions of a semi-anadromous whitefish are length 46 cm and weight 1.5 kg; usually it is much smaller - up to 34 cm long and weighing up to 650 g. River whitefish is much larger. Some specimens reach a length of 60–70 cm and a weight of 2.0–2.5 kg. There have been cases of catching whitefish weighing up to 7 kg. The lifespan of the redhead in the reservoirs of the Yenisei basin does not exceed 18 years.
	Coregonus muksun (Pallas, 1814) - muksun	ABORIGINAL
		Muksun in the Yenisei basin is a semi-anadromous fish. The northern border of its range runs approximately at the latitude of the river. Sosnovaya on the western shore of the Yenisei Bay, and in the south - at the latitude of Vorogovo. Known in the Tanams, Yara, and Khantayka rivers. In 1971, the entry of a sexually mature muksun into the river was recorded for the first time. Turukhan. The length of the muksun rarely exceeds 60 cm, and its weight is 3 kg. The largest muksun lives in the reservoirs of the Gydan Bay basin - up to 1.2 m long and weighing 9.8-13.4 kg. In the Yenisei, the maximum mass of muksun over the 100-year observation period did not exceed 8 kg. However, such large specimens have not been seen for a long time. Its length usually does not exceed 40-47 cm and its weight does not exceed 2.3 kg. Life expectancy is 23 years.
	Coregonus nasus (Pallas, 1776) – whitefish	ABORIGINAL
		Chir is one of the most common fish species in the Yenisei system. It lives mainly in the Arctic Circle, in the rivers and lakes of the Igarsky, Dudinsky and Ust-Yenisei regions. It is found sporadically up to the Angara. Common in right and left tributaries north of the river. Eloguy. Known in floodplain and tundra lakes of the lower reaches of the Yenisei. In some tributaries and lakes it forms local herds (the Podkamennaya Tunguska river, lakes Makovskoye, Sovetskoye, Nalimye, Biruchi). Found at the mouths of small rivers flowing into the bay, with a water salinity of 5-8% o. Age limit 13-16 years. Usually these are large fish, reaching a length of 36-60 cm and a weight of 5-6 kg, maximum dimensions up to 75 cm and a weight of 10-12 kg
	Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1789) – peled	ABORIGINAL
		Peled is an inhabitant of rivers and lakes. In the Yenisei it is found from the mouth to the confluence of the river. Sym (1632 km from the mouth). Inhabits rivers, floodplain and continental lakes of the Middle and Lower Yenisei basin. Along with the Baikal omul, it has been successfully acclimatized in the Krasnoyarsk reservoir. Introduced into lakes in the south of the region (Bolshoi, Beloye, etc.). Peled are grown in pond farms. The age limit for peled is 13 years, but in most populations fish older than 10 years are rare. Peled reaches a length of 40-58 cm and a weight of 2690 g; sometimes individuals up to 5-6 kg have been recorded. The dwarf peled has a length of no more than 30 cm and a weight of 300-400 g.
	Coregonus sardinella Valenciennes, 1848 – Siberian vendace	ABORIGINAL
		Vendace is distributed from the northern border of the Yenisei Bay to the mouth of the Podkamennaya Tunguska. Known in many rivers of the Yenisei basin and its delta. In some it lives permanently, forming local herds, in others it enters with the spring water flow and leaves them with the decline of water. Age limit up to 13 years. The average size of the Siberian vendace is 25 cm and weight 160 g, although migrating forms reach 42-49 cm in length and weight 800-1300 g.
	Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814) - tugun	ABORIGINAL
		Tugun is distributed throughout the Yenisei, from the village. Shushenskoye to the mouth. It lives in many large tributaries of the Middle and Lower Yenisei (Kan, Angara, Bolshoy Pit, Podkamennaya and Nizhnyaya Tunguska) and some lakes of the Igarsky region, in which it is represented by a lake-river form. In the Podkamennaya and Nizhnyaya Tunguska rivers it forms local herds. The highest concentrations of tugun are observed in the Lower Yenisei, in the area from the Angara to the Lower Tunguska. In Podkamennaya Tunguska it is the most numerous species. In the recent past it was widespread in the Angara. Most tributaries are inhabited mainly by their lower reaches. Maximum age 7+. Length up to 20 cm, weight up to 80 g, but usually fish weighing 20-30 g are found in catches.
	Prosopium cylindraceum (Pallas, 1784) – common roller	ABORIGINAL	KKKK 3rd cat.
		Valek in the Yenisei is distributed from the upper reaches to the mouth. It is found in the right-bank tributaries: Tuba, Abakan, Angara, Podkamennaya and Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Kurenka, Khantayka, etc. Known in rivers flowing into the delta, throat and bay. Inhabits high-flow channel and mountain lakes in the south of the region. Common in the lake. Khantaysk. The age limit is 10-15 years. Some individuals reach a length of 52 cm and a weight of 2.2 kg. The usual length of the roll is 20-40 cm.
	Stenodus leucichthys nelma (Pallas, 1773) - nelma	ABORIGINAL
		Nelma is a typical semi-anadromous fish. Its main habitat is the lower reaches of the Yenisei - the delta, the lip with a throat and the southern desalinated part of the Yenisei Bay. It is found sporadically in the coastal zone of the middle part of the bay, mainly in those areas where tundra rivers flow into. Along the Yenisei it rises to Podkamennaya Tunguska and higher. Known in a number of large tributaries of the Yenisei - Podkamennaya Tunguska, Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Kureyka, Khantayka, etc. In the rivers Yara and Tanama, floodplain lakes of the left bank delta of the Yenisei, juveniles are found; adult salmon does not live in them. In the Yenisei, along with the semi-anadromous form, residential nelma apparently lives in some reservoirs, but there is no specific data indicating the presence of this form of nelma. Nelma reaches a length of 150 cm and a weight of 28 (occasionally up to 40) kg. Maximum age is up to 22 years.
Grayling family THYMALLIDAE Gill, 1884
	Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776) - Siberian grayling	ABORIGINAL
		Siberian grayling is found almost throughout the Yenisei. It is most typical for numerous right-bank tributaries and lakes of the Upper and Middle Yenisei. In the Lower Yenisei (north of the Kureyka River) it is not numerous. Inhabits lakes and reservoirs of tundra, forest-tundra, very rare in the estuarine zone. In water it is hardly noticeable, since the color of the back is similar to the color of the soil or stone. Reaches a mass of 1 kg, an average of 300-400 g, and a length of 0.5 m.
	Thymallus arcticus. pallasi Vallencienes, 1848 – East Siberian grayling	ABORIGINAL
		East Siberian grayling is found in the rivers of the Taimyr Peninsula: Pyasina, Khatanga, Taimyr. Along with the Siberian grayling, it is found in the lower reaches of the Yenisei, in small rivers flowing into the bay, throat and delta of the Yenisei. Inhabits tributaries of the lake. Khantaysky, Kulyumbinsky lakes, having a connection with it, lake. Dyupkun and Koksichan (Kureika river basin). Unlike the Siberian grayling, the East Siberian grayling has small black, red and purple spots on its back, sides and dorsal fin. A red stripe runs along the edge of the dorsal fin. The scales are somewhat smaller than those of the Siberian grayling. The dorsal fin is very high; when folded, in males it reaches the caudal fin.
Family Smelt OSMERIDAE Regan, 1913
	Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1815) – Asian catfish smelt	ABORIGINAL
		The Asian smelt is a small, semi-anadromous fish with a brownish-green back and silvery sides and belly; it spends most of its life in the salty waters of the southern part of the Yenisei Bay and the bay. Distributed in the Yenisei from the mouth of the Lower Tunguska to the bay inclusive. It is found in some small rivers flowing into the throat and bay. Maximum size 34 cm (White Sea), weight 342 g and maximum age 10-11 years.
Pike family ESOCIDAE Cuvier, 1816
	Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 – common pike	ABORIGINAL
		Pike is one of the most widespread predatory fish in the Yenisei basin. Lives almost everywhere; in rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, swamps and peat quarries. It is found in the delta, bay, and also at the mouths of rivers flowing into the Yenisei Bay. The maximum age of the Yenisei pike does not exceed 13-15 years, reaches a length of 130 cm and a weight of 10.5 kg (Podkamennaya Tunguska River), more often 0.5-2 kg.
Family Cyprinidae CYPRINIDAE Bonaparte, 1832
	Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) – bream	ACCLIMATIZANT
		Bream in 1962-1970 was successfully acclimatized in the Krasnoyarsk reservoir, but only 20 years later it took one of the leading places in the fishery. Subsequently it penetrated into the Yenisei and is now very widespread. The southern border of its range is confined to the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir, and the northern border approaches the Arctic Circle. Lives up to 20 years, usually up to 12-14 years. It can reach a length of 75-80 cm and a weight of 6-9 kg. The usual dimensions are 25-45 cm and weight 0.5-1.5 kg. In the Krasnoyarsk reservoir, bream reaches a length of 0.5 m and a weight of 3-4 kg, but usually it is much smaller - up to 1 kg
	Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1782) – silver crucian carp	ENVIRONMENT
		Silver crucian carp, brought from the Amur basin, was released into the steppe and forest-steppe lakes of the south of the region in I960-1964. In these lakes, there was a gradual replacement of local common crucian carp (golden crucian carp) by imported silver crucian carp, until the last of the commercial catches completely disappeared. Nevertheless, both species are often found in the same reservoir (Turukhan, Sym, Kas, Krasnoyarsk reservoir). Currently, silver crucian carp is widespread in the reservoirs of the Yenisei basin. Silver crucian carp is smaller than gold carp, more driven. It differs from the golden one in having larger scales, a larger number of gill rakers and a more silvery color on the sides and abdomen. Lives up to 14-15 years, usually 7-10 years. Reaches a maximum length of 45 cm and a weight of more than 1 kg, usually no higher than 20 cm and 350 g.
	Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) golden or common crucian carp	ABORIGINAL
		Golden or common crucian carp is widespread in the Yenisei basin. In the south it lives in shallow, heavily overgrown and silted lakes, ponds, oxbow lakes, and peat quarries. It is especially numerous in the basins of small, slow-flowing left-bank tributaries of the Yenisei (Kae, Sym, Dubches, Turukhan, etc.). Rarely found in Arctic waters. There have been isolated cases of catching crucian carp in the lakes of the islands of the Yenisei delta. Medium sized fish. Lives up to 10-12 years. Reaches a length of 50 cm and a weight of 5 kg (Upper Volga), but the usual dimensions in catches are 9-24 cm and weight up to 600 g.
	Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 – carp, common carp	ACCLIMATIZANT
		Carp in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the main objects of pond and industrial fish farming. In 1962-1970 carp, together with bream, was successfully acclimatized in the Krasnoyarsk reservoir and from there penetrated into the Yenisei and some of its tributaries (Abakan, Kan). However, it is extremely rare in natural reservoirs of the Yenisei basin. Known mainly in floodplain lakes in the south of the region. Carp is a large fish, reaching a mass of over 7 kg and a length of 70-80 cm.
	Gobio gobio cynocephalus Dybowski, 1869 - Siberian gudgeon	ABORIGINAL
		The Siberian gudgeon belongs to the fish widespread in the Yenisei system. Inhabits large and small rivers, streams, lakes, mainly flowing ones, ponds and reservoirs. In the Yenisei it is found all the way to the Arctic Circle. Known in its large tributaries (Zhan, Angara, Sym, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Lower Tunguska, Turukhan). Reaches an age of 8-10 years, a length of 20 cm and a weight of 226 g, but the usual size is no more than 12-15 cm. Females are larger than males.
	Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) – verkhovka	ENVIRONMENT
		Verkhovka has never been seen in the Yenisei before. According to the head. Fisheries laboratory NIIEERVNB Yu.V. Mikhalev, the verkhovka was first brought to the Uzhur pond farm in 1963 along with larvae and fry of carp from Kursk. From fish ponds, it independently spread to the natural reservoirs of the region. Currently, it is widespread in the southern regions, especially numerous in the Upper Yenisei river basins, where it inhabits rivers, small lakes, and ponds; it is unknown in the north of the region. Lives up to 5 years. Reaches a length of 8-9 cm, more often 6 cm
	Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) – ide	ABORIGINAL
		Ide is the most common fish in the Yenisei basin. Inhabits from the upper reaches to the delta inclusive. Found in the bay and estuaries of rivers flowing into the Yenisei Bay. It prefers relatively small left-bank tributaries - the Symu, Kasu, Dubches, Elogaya, Turukhan and others, which have a well-developed floodplain system. In the right-bank tributaries - the Lower and Podkamennaya Tunguska, Kureyka - large watercourses with fast currents, a rocky bottom and a poor food supply, ide is scarce. Inhabits large continental lakes and reservoirs, but in them it is, as a rule, rare. Lives up to 15-20 years. It can reach a length of up to 1 m and a weight of 6-8 kg, but the usual dimensions are 30-50 cm and a weight of about 1 kg.
	Leuciscus leuciscus baikalensis (Dybowskii, 1874) – Siberian dace	ABORIGINAL
		Distributed throughout the Yenisei, including its delta tributaries (Tanama River). Known in all rivers, floodplain reservoirs, flowing lakes and reservoirs. It is especially numerous in the reservoirs of the Upper and Middle Yenisei. Below the mouth of the Podkamennaya Tunguska, its numbers noticeably decrease. Rarely reaches a length of 20-25 cm and a weight of 200-400 g, usually its dimensions are about 15 cm and weight 50-80 g. Life expectancy is no more than 8-10 (13) years.
	Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski, 1869 – Czekanowski's minnow	ABORIGINAL
		Chekanovsky's minnow lives in the Yenisei in the area from Dudinka to Minusinsk. According to the survey, it is found together with the lake minnow in floodplain and mainland lakes, but is small in number everywhere. Known in the tributaries of the Yenisei, mainly in the upper reaches and associated lakes. Very close to the lake minnow. It differs from it in a more elongated body, coloring and some morphological differences. A small fish, reaching a length of 10 cm. Age was not determined.
	Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas, 1814) – lake minnow	ABORIGINAL
		Unlike the common minnow, the lake minnow inhabits stagnant, silted and overgrown reservoirs with a significant oxygen deficiency. It can be found in swampy lakes, in which, apart from it and crucian carp, no other fish can live. It lives mainly in the coastal zone, among vegetation, where it finds good places for feeding and breeding. Reaches a length of 18 cm, usually 8-15 cm and a weight of 100 g. Lives up to 5-6 years.
	Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) – common minnow	ABORIGINAL
		One of the most common fish in the Yenisei system. Found from the headwaters to the mouth. Some researchers note it in rivers flowing into the Yenisei delta (Tanama River), but it is especially numerous in the right-bank tributaries. It inhabits mainly the upper and middle sections of many rivers. Known in lakes with clean, cool water. Reaches a length of 12.5 cm (usually 8-9 cm), a weight of 9-10 g and an age of 5 years.
	Rutilus rutilus (lacustris) (Linnaeus, 1758) - roach (Siberian)	ABORIGINAL
		Distributed in the Yenisei along its entire course and in its tributaries. Particularly numerous in the area of ​​the river. Sym - r. Turukhan. In more northern reservoirs it is scarce. Occasionally found in the river. Taname (left bank tributary of the delta). Inhabits rivers (except mountainous areas), streams, streams, lakes, reservoirs and unovergrown ponds. In the reservoirs of the Yenisei basin, roach reaches a length of 32 cm and a weight of 760 g (Turukhan River). However, such large fish are not common. Typically, roach has a length of 17-22 cm and a weight of 120-240 g. Life expectancy is up to 16-17 years.
	Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) – tench	ABORIGINAL
		Tench is found in small quantities in the Yenisei and floodplain reservoirs in the area between Minusinsk and the river. Sym, in Chulym and Angara. It lives mainly in deep, non-watery lakes. Despite the high fertility, tench in the reservoirs of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is not numerous and does not have significant commercial significance. It reaches a length of 63 cm and a weight of 7.5 kg, but usually the dimensions do not exceed 30 cm and the weight is 1.5 kg. Lives up to 10 years or more.
Family Balitoridae BALITORIDAE Swainson, 1839
	Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869) – Siberian barbel char	ABORIGINAL
		Siberian char is found throughout the Yenisei from the upper reaches to the mouth. Known in its tributaries. Not found in the delta. This is a small fish 13-15 cm long and weighing 20-25 g with an almost naked (hence the name), somewhat laterally compressed body, of the same height along the entire length. There are three larae of antennae on the upper jaw. The body is covered with very small scales that are invisible to the naked eye. It reaches a length of 22 cm, a weight of 70 g and lives up to 6 years, but the usual size is 7-10 cm. In the Altai Mountains in Lake. Dzhulyu-Kol found the largest Siberian char with a length of 27 cm, weighing 103 g at the age of 17+ (Gundriser et al., 1984.
Family Loaches COBITIDAE Swainson, 1838
	Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925 – Siberian spined loach	ABORIGINAL
		The Siberian spined loach is found in the reservoirs of the Upper Yenisei in almost all rivers and many lakes. In the Yenisei, the exact boundaries of the distribution of the spiny grass have not been established. Its presence is noted in the Yenisei from Minusinsk to Kureika. In Russia it reaches a length of 13 cm and a weight of 10 g (Nikolsky, 1956), on the Korean Peninsula - up to 20 cm (Choi et al., 1990).
Family Catfish SILURIDAE Cuvier, 1816
	Parasilurus asotus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Amur catfish	ACCLIMATIZANT
		The Amur catfish is widespread in the waters of China, Korea and Japan. In our country it is known in the Amur basin. Relatively recently it was introduced into the Bratsk Reservoir and Lake. Baikal. It appeared in Yenisei recently. There have been isolated cases of its capture in the area where the Angara flows and downstream. It is assumed that from Baikal the catfish initially penetrated into the Bratsk Reservoir, subsequently into the Angara and already along it into the Yenisei. The distribution and features of its way of life in the Yenisei have not been studied. In the catches there are individuals up to 1 m long and weighing 6-8 kg at the age of up to 18 years. However, in most reservoirs its populations consist of individuals of 8-10 age groups, they are based on individuals 4-6 years old, up to 60 cm long and weighing 1.5-2.0 kg
Teres family Gadidea
	Boreogadus saida - polar cod, arctic cod
		It is not a permanent inhabitant of fresh waters, but is regularly observed in the northern part of the Yenisei Bay and in the coastal area of ​​the bay. Length up to 30 cm. Lives up to 6-7 years.
Burbot family LOTIDAE Jordan et Evermann, 1898
	Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) – burbot	ABORIGINAL
		Burbot is widespread throughout the Yenisei. It is especially numerous in the lower reaches of the Yenisei. Inhabits almost all bodies of water in the accessory system: rivers, floodplain and mainland lakes, and reservoirs. Occasionally found in the bay, mainly at the mouths of rivers flowing into it. Reaches a length of 120 cm and a weight of 24 kg, the maximum age is 24 years. Usually in commercial catches up to 60-80 cm and 3-6 kg.
Family GASTEROSTEIDAE Bonaparte, 1832
	Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758) – nine-spined stickleback	ABORIGINAL
		Nine-spined stickleback is widespread in the lower reaches of the Yenisei. It is found from Kureika to the delta channels inclusive. It inhabits the basins of all tributaries of the delta, bay and bay. Known in lakes of the tundra and forest-tundra. Capable of changing color depending on the season. Body length is up to 9 cm. Life expectancy is 5 years, but in most populations it is 2-3 years (Zyuganov, 1991).
Family Percidae Cuvier, 1816
	Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758) – common ruffe	ABORIGINAL
		The common ruffe is widely distributed in the reservoirs of the region, especially numerous in the accessory system. Inhabits large and small rivers, floodplain and mainland lakes, reservoirs and ponds. Known in tundra rivers flowing into the bay. In most reservoirs, the catches are dominated by small ruff. The maximum length of the ruff is 18.5 cm, weight - 208 g. There are indications that in some cases it can reach a weight of 500 g and a length of 27 cm with a maximum age of 15 years (Popova et al., 1998).
	Regsa fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 – river perch	ABORIGINAL
		Perch is widespread in rivers, floodplain and mainland lakes, and reservoirs of the region. It is found in small quantities in the Yenisei delta. Maximum age is 17 years, length is 51 cm and weight is 4.8 kg. Typically, commercial catches are dominated by individuals up to 30 cm long, on average 15-20 cm and weighing 200-300 g at the age of 4-6 years.
Family Kerchakidae COTTidae Bonaparte, 1832
	Cottocomephorus grewingkii (Dybowski, 1874) - yellow-winged broadhead	ENVIRONMENT
		Found in the Bratsk Reservoir. Range boundaries have not been established. The biology of this species in the Yenisei has not been studied. Distributed throughout Baikal and in the area of ​​the river's source. Hangars, to the village of Nikola. The species is most confined to the southern part of the lake. Age limit 5+ years. Reaches a length of 19 cm, usually less. Females are smaller than males.
	Cottus poecilopus Heckel, 1836 – spotted sculpin	ABORIGINAL
		The variegated sculpin is known in some tributaries of the Yenisei (Abakan, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Angara, etc.). The border of its distribution has not been established. This is a small fish. Some specimens reach 14 cm (Abakan River), usually much smaller. The body is spindle-shaped. Maximum length - 145 mm. Life expectancy is 6-7 years (Berg, 19496). The maximum length from the reservoirs of Eastern Siberia is 116 mm and weight is 16.5 g.
	Cottus sibiricus Kessler, 1899 – Siberian sculpin	ABORIGINAL
		Siberian sculpin is widely distributed in the region's water bodies. It is found throughout the Yenisei and its tributaries (Abakan, Tuba, Sisim, Kan, Angara, Podkamennaya and Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Turukhan Tanama, etc.). The northern limit of its distribution is unknown. The age limit is 10 years (Teletskoye Lake, Lena), in the Angara - 9. The maximum length of fish was noted for individuals from the river. Lena - 158 mm and weight 61.8 g. Typically, catches include fish under 5 years old, 7 cm long and weighing 8 g (Gundrieser et al., 1981; Bogdanov, 2000).
	Leocottus kesslerii (Dybowski, 1874) – sand shrew	ENVIRONMENT
		Indigenous inhabitant of the lake. Baikal, subsequently penetrated into the Bratsk Reservoir, and from there into the Angara. It is found in the lower reaches of the Angara and adjacent areas of the Middle and Lower Yenisei. The boundaries of the range have not been established. The biology of this species in the Yenisei has not been studied.
	Paracottus knerii (Dybowski, 1874) – rock shrew	ENVIRONMENT
		Found in the coastal zone of the lake. Baikal reaches a depth of 150 m, enters all its tributaries except the river. Selenga. Recorded in the Angara and Yenisei rivers and their tributaries, as well as in the lakes of Tuva and in lake. Upper Agata (Yenisei basin, Putorana plateau). Found in lakes Gramninskiye, Kulinda and Verkhnee Kicherskoye (Baikal basin) Maximum length 14.5 cm, usually 7-9 cm. Males are larger than females. Lives up to 7 years.
	Triglopsis quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758) – four-horned goby, slingshot	ABORIGINAL
		The slingshot lives mainly in the coastal zone of the Kara Sea. Common in the Yenisei Gulf, throat and northern part of the bay. Sometimes appears in the delta. It is found in the estuaries of rivers flowing into the Yenisei Bay. The body of the slingshot is fusiform. The head is large with two pairs of well-defined tubercles. The maximum length of marine forms is 40 cm, weight 500 g, lake forms - up to 20-28 cm. Lives for more than 11 years (Berg, 19496).
Family Pleuronectidea
	Liopsetta glacialis - Arctic flounder	ABORIGINAL
		Inhabits the estuarine zone of the Yenisei basin. Also lives in the White, Barents (south-eastern part), East Siberian, Kara, Bering and Okhotsk seas. Found in coastal areas on muddy bottoms. It enters rivers and rises quite high along them. It feeds on mollusks, worms, crustaceans, and small fish. Reaches a length of 35 cm.

Fishing tourism in Russia has long been as popular as in Europe. We invite you to get acquainted with the specifics of fishing tourism in Siberia, namely with such points as

Some types of fish that live in Siberian lakes and rivers, as well as in which bodies of water which fish are found. The specifics of fishing in Siberia on free reservoirs. The nuances of fishing in different regions of Siberia and much more.

Siberia is rich in fish...

Siberia is one large box of knowledge about the history and wealth of the earth's interior. One of the greatest riches of the Siberian region are the lakes and rivers, famous throughout the country, striking the viewer with their beauty and purity of water.

Real expanse awaits lovers of fishing on the banks of rivers and lakes of Siberian land. Fishing tourism on Siberian soil itself can be described in one word: “wild”. And the term “wild” refers not only to the presence or absence of places of residence, and the eternal war with the mosquitoes present here, but this type of tourism does not have an obvious expressive negative connotation.

First of all, it should be noted that the whole of Siberia amazes with the variety of climatic conditions and the abundant multi-colored beauty of nature. Siberian regions are often compared in size to entire European countries.

Each region of Siberia, depending on its climatic and natural conditions, is inhabited by certain species of fish. Since the beginning of the 70s, at the direction of the authorities, a number of fish were “introduced” into the Siberian rivers, which the local population only knew by hearsay:

• Carp.
• Silver carp.
• Zander.
• Carp.

Getting to know the ichthyofauna of Siberian waters

One of the most common families of fish that live in the depths of water in Siberia is, of course, the grayling. He lives in all lakes and rivers of Siberia. Starting from the upper tributaries of the Ob, you can find these fish in the Yenisei, on the Amur, and in the deep waters of Lake Baikal.

The recommended method of fishing for grayling in Siberia is fly fishing, but fishing with a regular fishing rod or spinning rod is also possible. In most cases, grayling is caught using a fly. Professional fishermen advise fishing in: Shallow areas of rivers. right behind the stones that make up the river rapids, standing against the current.
Close to fallen trees in the water.

A riffle located not far from the main channel.
Large rolling stones creating deep places. It is also, according to experienced anglers, an excellent fishing spot. When fishing with spoons or spinners, anglers, as a rule, use light baits, but large representatives of grayling also bite on heavy baits.

“Muksun” is another representative of commercial and valuable fish living in the rivers of Siberia, growing up to a meter, the average weight of which reaches 2 kg. A large specimen is considered to be a fish weighing 4-5 kg. Local residents successfully exchange this for salmon weighing 16 kilograms.

This fish is a semi-anadromous species that migrates high upstream to spawn. “Muksun”, depending on the time of year, feeds on mollusks in the summer and a variety of plankton in the winter. Inhabits all rivers and lakes of Siberia.

Muksun is a very nutritious and fatty fish, which is especially valued among the aborigines, because thanks to its fat it survives in the cold winter.
You can also get whitefish, ide, and crucian carp as fishing trophies, and crucian carp is found among fishing prizes in the water system of the Yenisei and Ob rivers. The habitat of the broad whitefish is the territory of rivers located beyond the Arctic Circle or near it.

The methods of catching whitefish are similar to muksun - with nets, but whitefish easily bite both with a fishing rod and spinning rod when fishing in Eastern Siberia and other regions. Various larvae or adult insects are suitable as bait; the meat of various mollusks is also easy to use as bait

Reaching half a meter in length and weighing 3 kg, ide is almost indistinguishable from roach, and only experienced fishermen can see the difference when smoked. Help for lovers of fishing tourism in the Siberian taiga waters Fishing in the taiga in Siberia promises fishermen a rich catch of such species of fish as:

1. Taiga perch.
2. Pike.

Ide is found in all depths of Siberia to the Yakut lakes and rivers. It usually grows up to 50 cm and weighs about 3 kg. The lifespan of fish is 20 years; they are caught with ordinary gear, using bread as bait; maggot is also perfect for these purposes, as are bloodworms or bran.

Perch in these waters, like any predator that hunts here, takes bait of animal origin (a worm or live bait fishing will help catch these fish). Taiga perch grows up to 40 cm and reaches 2-3 kg in weight. It is a very voracious predator. Often used by game fishermen as the main fish in the ear. Smoked, fried and dried fish are quite common on the tables of local residents.

Fishing “hunt” on small rivers of Siberia

Fishing on the small rivers of Siberia will bring a rich catch immediately with the start of ice drift; it cannot be said that this is an absolutely safe type of fishing. Nevertheless, with the onset of ice drift, the number of accidents occurring as part of the process increases sharply. But, as a result, you can get copies such as:

1. Dace.
2. Pike.
3. White amur.
4. Sterlet.
5. Taimen.

This type of tourism is quite rightly very popular, at the same time, more and more lovers of this pastime prefer not to pay tour operators, but to independently negotiate helicopter delivery to the place of interest, saving significant amounts and budgets, especially since fishing in Siberia is free - this is quite real!

Instead of an afterword!

Try it, discover convenient fishing methods, and let fishing never disappoint you, although if we are talking about Siberia, then this scenario is simply impossible! The endless expanses of the water surface of Siberia will always be happy to welcome all fishing enthusiasts and professionals on its shores to try their hand at competitions and treat themselves to the most aromatic dishes prepared from fish and Siberian game!

Nelma is one of the fish that has become a symbol of the ichthyofauna of Siberia. A large fish that is found off the coasts of the Arctic Ocean, at points where large Siberian rivers flow into the sea, and the salinity does not exceed 20 ppm. The habitats of nelma are the junction of fresh and salt water, deltas and river mouths, and shallow areas of the sea near them. The amazing nelma fish has another name - white fish.

From east to west it becomes less and less common. The westernmost habitat is limited to the White Sea. This species is rarely found on the northern European coast of Russia; it prefers the Trans-Urals. It is also found on the shores of Alaska.

A separate subspecies lives in the Caspian Sea.

Adults live in the sea, entering large rivers flowing into the ocean to spawn. The most nelma-rich places are the mouths of the Siberian giants: the Ob, Lena and Yenisei. They can travel very long distances, reaching the south of Siberia. The fry feeds in river waters, fattening up to three years. The matured fish returns back to the sea.

What does it eat?

An absolute predator. It feeds on almost anything, incl. their smaller brothers. The basis of the diet is whitefish, as well as, etc. Even the fry of this fish at one month of age already feed on the juveniles of other fish, for example. In rivers it can feed on any protein food - crustaceans, insects and insect larvae. Only shellfish are not welcome. Never takes prey from the bottom.

It lives and hunts in a flock, and in a flock it strikes prey in a similar way - it suppresses it with blows of its tail and then picks it up. It often hunts in small bays near rapids, where small fish like to settle.

The main feeding time is morning and evening, while nelma are always active in the morning. Destroys many juveniles of other fish, incl. carp and perch.

Behavior by season

There are no differences in the behavior of the growing nelma - from 3 to 5 years old; it stays in the sea, in coastal waters, occasionally going close to river mouths. Having reached sexual maturity - males are a year earlier than females - white fish of both subspecies rushes into the rivers as soon as ice drift begins. Throughout late spring and summer, it moves in flocks to spawning grounds, while individual schools, in search of food, separate and enter small rivers and flood lakes. It spawns in September, after which it remains to winter in the river until next summer, gradually sliding back to the ocean.

Spawning

The spawning cycle of nelma is one year after another. During the first year, the fish goes to spawn, the second year it returns to the ocean, and only by the third year it again goes to spawning grounds, which are located in the warmer waters of the middle and lower reaches of Siberian rivers. It goes along the center of the riverbed.

Reference! For spawning grounds, nelma does not choose any rivers. She needs clean and fast enough running water.

The caviar is small and light in color. At one time it lays 120 - 420 thousand eggs. Incubation takes 250 days - that is, the fry appear by the beginning of spring. The development of eggs occurs between large stones; nelma does not spawn in thickets of aquatic plants.

Fishing in different seasons

First of all, we note that, like other valuable salmon fish, nelma is under state protection. Targeted fishing for salmon is prohibited everywhere, except in those areas where large rivers flow into the polar ocean. There, white fish are allowed to be caught by all means, including industrially and with nets.

You can catch nelma not purposefully, but in by-catch with some other permitted fish, but only on the way to the spawning grounds. In some southern regions of Siberia, sport fishing is allowed, but not every fisherman can boast of catching a delicious fish there, since it does not live in these rivers permanently, but is an occasional guest. Therefore, we can say that there is no particular difference in the methods of sports and amateur fishing for whitefish by season. Since it is actually possible to catch it only in the summer.

What to fish with

How to catch this fish where it is allowed? Fishermen use conventional spinning rods of the appropriate construction, since the average weight of specimens caught on a hook is 5-7 kg. It must be remembered that only specimens that have reached sexual maturity are caught in the river. At this point, they are at least 80 cm in length. Spinning spoons and spinners are used as bait. Nelma willingly bites on something that looks similar to its main prey - a small silvery fish like smelt.

Night biting is almost impossible.

Note! After the bite, the nelma resists for some time, but quickly gives in and allows itself to be caught in the landing net.

Once pulled out of the water, it “falls asleep” very quickly, and blood begins to flow from the gill slits.