The modern development of the economy of the Crimean region is characterized not so much by the development of separate industries, but by the formation of various inter-industry complexes. In this matter, tourism should be considered as a large independent economic system that unites various industries. Effective interaction of all types of organizations and enterprises within the framework of the intersectoral tourism complex is the basis for creating a high-quality competitive tourism product. The tourism complex was not previously considered as one of the effective ways to increase the competitiveness of the Crimean region. The hotel industry is usually characterized as a form of providing paid services for accommodation and leisure activities.
At the present stage of tourism development in Crimea, the hotel industry acts as a reserve that is able to form the competitive advantages of the region, so this issue must be approached with an understanding of the trends and distinctive features, regional factors influencing the formation and development of the tourism complex of the Crimean region.
The problem of tourism development from a regional perspective was considered by such researchers as: M.G. Boyko, L.M. Gopkalo, issues of theory and methodology of economics and management, priority areas for using the resort and recreational potential of Crimea are touched upon in the research of S. Yu.
The most important priority of research work is the need to accumulate and systematize theoretical knowledge and methodological approaches, and apply them in practice to solve pressing problems of competitiveness and attractiveness of the tourism industry at the regional level.
The tourist complex is represented by various organizations. Direct service organizations include enterprises - tourism organizers, whose main task is to provide tourism services. Indirect service organizations include enterprises in related sectors of the economy, science, culture, and education system. The formation of a modern market mechanism for the relationship between tourism enterprises in the resort and recreational sector requires analysis and consideration of a number of factors.
Let us list the main groups of factors influencing the activities of enterprises in the tourism industry:
1. political factors (international situation, political stability);
2. economic factors (general state of the economy, financial stability, development of the tourism sector);
3. socio-demographic factors (increase in population, distribution of population by income level, morbidity level);
4. medical factors (occupational and age-related diseases, morbidity levels in the country);
5. research (progressive scientific developments, modern service technologies, technologization and computerization).
Characteristics of types of tourism in Crimea
Walking tourism
Crimean hiking tourism has been developing since the end of the 19th century. In Soviet times, several planned routes were laid across the mountainous Crimea, connecting to mountain and coastal tourist centers, and there were about three dozen seasonal tourist camps.
Currently, the organizers of most walking tours in Crimea are Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kyiv, Minsk and other travel agencies and tourist clubs.
Those who relax in a health resort on the coast always have the opportunity to take walks. For these purposes, there are specially equipped trails (Tsarskaya, Botkinskaya, Shtangeevskaya, Kalendskaya, Kurchatov, Raevsky, etc.).
Southwestern Crimea
The mountainous southwestern Crimea is interesting for its historical and archaeological monuments - this is the Khan's palace in Bakhchisarai, “cave cities” and monasteries, ruins of medieval fortresses, sites of primitive man and much more. The Crimean Nature Reserve offers interesting routes throughout its territory. The trails are laid through the most picturesque places and the most interesting objects of the reserve.
South-eastern Crimea
The mountainous southeastern Crimea, unlike the southwestern one, is interesting for its natural attractions - waterfalls, caves, mountain peaks. We recommend the western coast of Crimea from Peschany to Lyubimovka, Laspi Bay, the vicinity of the village of Maly Mayak, the valley of the river. Sotera - east of Alushta, as well as the villages of Solnechnogorskoye, Malorechenskoye, Rybachye, Privetnoye, Morskoye, Vesele, Solnechnaya Dolina, Koktebel.
Bicycle tourism
The plain and foothill Crimea, Tarkhankut and Kerch peninsulas are very convenient for cyclists, especially beginners, due to the flat terrain, uncrowded roads, and the availability of convenient parking areas on the coast.
The mountainous Crimea, southern and southeastern coasts are somewhat more complicated in this regard. The terrain here is more rugged. More prepared cyclists come here. In the nineties, Crimea began to be explored by fans of mountain bikes. Mountain bike championships are also held in Crimea. An important role in this is played by the presence of the Black Sea coast near the mountains, where there is always the opportunity to relax and take a break from cycling.
Speleotourism
Speleotourism - i.e. inspection and exploration of caves has a long tradition in Crimea - dating back to the times of the Crimean Mining Club of the early twentieth century. And now its popularity is constantly growing.
A huge number of caves (over 800) and other karst cavities in a relatively small area, their diversity, ease of access and approaches to them make the mountainous Crimea very popular in this type of tourism.
Rock climbing
Mountaineering in its classic form with eternal ice and rarefied air in the highlands is impossible, but conditions are ideal for rock climbing - amateur and sport. Well-known climbing walls are equipped in accordance with international requirements. These are the Nikitskaya Cleft near Yalta, Mount Sokol near Sudak, Petrovsky Rocks near Simferopol, the rocks above the Red Cave.
The natural features of Crimea are such that ascents can be made at any time of the year: in winter - to the Angara wall of Chatyr-Dag, in summer - to the rocks of the Grand Canyon, and in spring and spring - to conquer the rocks of the South Bank.
The rocks of the Grand Canyon are a “white spot” on the climbing map of Crimea: there is only one route laid here, but the opportunities for rock climbing are large, and the rough surface of the steep cliffs is of particular interest to climbers for laying free climbing routes.
Auto tourism
The transport network of Crimea began to take shape approximately 25 centuries ago. Each era has left us sections of roads in deserted, pristinely clean, picturesque corners of Crimea, with an abundance of natural and historical attractions - from the era of the Roman Empire to the Buranov runways of the Soviet Empire. It’s nice for a beginner to take a breeze along the Bakhchisarai-Yalta highway. The road, manually carved in the mountains in the 19th century, makes hundreds of turns, climbing Mount Ai-Petri, from where the amazing beauty of the southern coast of Crimea opens.
The Romanovskoye Highway, specially built for the passage of royal persons and then the first persons of the Soviet state, makes it possible to see the Crimean nature reserve in all its splendor: the Kosmo-Damianovsky monastery with a healing spring, a trout farm, the Gazebo of the Winds on the cliffs of the Gurzuf Yayla, the Uch-Kosh gorge above Yalta and many other attractions of Crimea.
Water tourism
Water tourism is one of the new types of tourism that have begun to develop in Crimea recently. This includes riding on yachts, jet skis, speedboats, sailboats, etc. Most of them also require good strength and endurance.
Jet skiing is the most exciting entertainment, with the fullest feeling of space, speed and freedom. In handling it is not much different from a regular motorcycle, but it gives much steeper turns and overhangs.
The coastal waters of the Azov Sea enjoy long-standing and well-deserved respect among amateurs and professionals of water sports: windsurfing (sailboard riding) and kite surfing (riding on a board following a kite).
Congress tourism
Conferences, congresses, seminars, scientific symposiums, business meetings, exhibitions, and training seminars on a variety of topics are regularly held in Crimea. And, of course, annual tourism fairs. The most important of them is “Crimea. Tourism. Recreation”, taking place in Yalta in early March. The venue for business events, as a rule, is hotels, health resorts and famous palaces. Most of them have their own conference rooms with 300-500 seats and provide accommodation services for participants. In addition, cultural, excursion, transport and other services are provided.
One of the leaders of business tourism in Crimea is the Yalta Hotel. Up to two dozen business events are held here annually.
The optimal time for such events is April-May and September-October, when there is no influx of tourists.
The entry of Crimea into Russia, it seemed, should immediately solve many problems that existed on the peninsula at that time. The main problem was the further development and formation of the region. It was also clear here that, perhaps, the most promising direction for the development of Crimea is tourism. Another thing is what tourism should be like, who will go to Crimea and why? What services can be realistically provided to vacationers and what services cannot be provided.
The fact is that from the very collapse of the USSR until the reunification of Crimea and Russia, there was a “shadowing” of the tourism economy. The private sector, which cannot be controlled by the state, took first place, remaining free from accounting not only by tax structures, but also in terms of coordinating the services provided.
The sanatorium-resort aspect of Crimean tourism was mercilessly replaced by beach tourism of an unorganized nature. The decline of tourism without investment and any government support continued until the spring of 2014.
Almost immediately after the reunification of Crimea with Russia, the situation began to change in a different direction: today 80% of tourists stay in hotels and sanatoriums, and only 20% in private houses. This has not happened for a long time in the history of the Crimean peninsula, and this is due to the fact that sanatorium and resort institutions have concluded agreements on sending vacationers with state and corporate institutions of the Russian Federation. This step is only the beginning of the implementation of a targeted policy for the development of Crimea, the foundations of which are set out in the Strategy for the Development of Crimea until 2020.
It is known that the socio-economic indicators of Crimea upon joining the Russian Federation did not reach the Russian average. Unfortunately, with all Russia’s desire to change the situation on the peninsula for the better, there are certain limiting factors. The main one is the instability of the socio-political situation in the border areas of Ukraine and Crimea. Therefore, there are certain risks for the development of international cooperation, weakening of international and foreign economic relations. The region is also insufficiently supplied with vital resources, sources of water, energy, food, as well as the lack of good road and rail connections with the Russian mainland. 
It is clear that now these problems are being solved first. The transport accessibility of Crimea is changing due to an increase in the number of flights to Simferopol and government subsidies for paying for tickets from distant regions of the country.
So, for example, people flying on vacation from Yakutsk now spend about 12, or even 15 hours, taking into account the transfer in Moscow. In the summer, direct flights will be organized, which will be dated by the state, as a result, the average ticket price from Yakutsk will be equal to 8.5 thousand rubles, and the flight time will be reduced to 8 hours. The number of Russian major cities from which direct flights to Crimea will fly will increase.
It is worth noting that all problems must be solved comprehensively. Thus, in the transport complex, all funds are now concentrated on the construction and reconstruction of crossings across the Kerch Strait, airports and highways. They provide communication with populated areas and industrial facilities of the peninsula. And this is already producing results. You can already travel around the Crimean Peninsula quickly and relatively inexpensively. The roads have been put in order, and this work continues successfully.
In the engineering complex, funding will be directed to measures to ensure water supply, sewerage, bank protection and heat supply, as well as ensuring the management of solid household waste. The development of the social sphere involves the implementation of measures for the construction and reconstruction of healthcare and education facilities.
One more, very important aspect. Before Crimea joined Russia, the peninsula received vacationers from Ukraine. This was a deliberate policy of the authorities, who did not burden themselves with unnecessary expenses and attracting investments into dilapidated and outdated infrastructure.
Accordingly, the entire service of the peninsula was extremely low and unprofitable. There were no foreign tourists there either. All this makes itself felt even now. So, when you go to have a snack of local dumplings, you can see flies flying above them. In response to your indignation, you may hear the familiar Ukrainian: “Let it be so.” By the way, the service personnel in hotels and cafes are still Ukrainian. The low level of service and lack of conditions repelled all hypothetical tourists from vacationing in Crimea.
Although today tourists from Russia have already filled vacancies in hotels, in 2013 they were 26% of the total number of vacationers, but in 2014 they became 93%. In 2015, the figure increased to 95% and is approaching 100%.
As the composition of vacationers changes, their priorities also change. If for Ukrainians the main and main criterion was the price, then for wealthy tourists from Russia, perhaps, the level of service and service will be an important argument for a holiday in Crimea. The reality is that Russians, having vacationed in Turkey and Egypt for many years, have become accustomed to the world level of service. They are willing to pay a high price for a tour and receive a higher quality and professionally designed product.
There is also a problem that tourists from Russia will not be satisfied with even very cheap services of poor quality. The faster tourism enterprises and private firms catch this trend, the more successful a niche they will be able to occupy.
Today, the range and quality of services provided in Crimea lags significantly behind the world level. This reduces the competitiveness of the region in the international tourism market.
The main problem for the peninsula is the seasonality of tourism. For hotels and similar institutions, the season is only three months, and for medical and health centers five months. Only less than 40% have year-round activities. There is also an imbalance in the distribution of healthcare facilities in Yalta and Evpatoria. All this points to an unfavorable environment in the health sector. Changing this situation may just solve the issue of seasonality in Crimea.
There is also such a direction of tourism in Crimea as extreme travel and tent tourism. On the territory of Crimea there are about 38 campsites, which are essentially tent cities. They have a minimal set of amenities, which budget European tourists are also not prepared for.
There is another problem in Russian Crimea - the labor force. Most tourism-related businesses cannot maintain staff all year round. Previously, Ukrainian seasonal workers were invited to work in Crimea during their holidays. Now political difficulties have practically closed this opportunity for them.
Today in Russia there is a specific Tourism Development Strategy for the period until 2020. Its main provisions are:
- Increasing the independence of the Federal Tourism Agency; You can note the emphasis on the marketing component. It is also necessary to strengthen the presence of Russian travel companies in the international market. The state wants to provide large tourism businesses operating in the domestic market with maximum support, for example, in the form of a more loyal tax policy;
- Closer interaction between the ministries of culture, education and foreign affairs through the unification of representatives of these departments into the interministerial committee on tourism. Within this structure, it is proposed to create working groups capable of solving emerging difficulties as effectively as possible;
- Close interaction with business and the entrepreneurial environment through the creation of the Tourism Sector Association. This structure, in a bilateral discussion between representatives of the Federal Agency for Tourism and major entrepreneurs in the field of tourism on an annual basis, will be able to coordinate each other’s activities, making proposals and sharing opinions;
- Emphasize continuous market research, tourism trends and recent developments. For this purpose, a large research organization must be created - the Institute of Tourism Research on the basis of the Federal Office of Tourism, which will supply government agencies with the most up-to-date information.
- Development of a network of green routes on the territory of natural reserves with the presence of basic and accompanying infrastructure that meets the principles of the “green economy”.
- Promoting the development of cooperation between tourism business entities and specialized public organizations in organizing environmental tours and expeditions.
- Introduction of a monitoring system to ensure the quality and environmental friendliness of tourist, recreational and hotel services.
- Creation of a network of tourist information centers on the territory of natural reserve facilities to perform the functions of environmental education.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA AND CRIMEA
Pershina Anna Vasilievna 1, Keppl Olga Ivanovna 1
1 Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Crimean Federal University" named after. IN AND. Vernadsky, Humanitarian Pedagogical Academy (branch) in Yalta Institute of Economics and Management
annotation
The article discusses the main problems and prospects for the development of tourism in Russia and Crimea, as well as ways to achieve competitiveness in the tourism market.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA AND CRIMEA
Pershina Anna Vasilevna 1, Kepple Olga Ivanovna 1
1 Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky, Humanitarian-pedagogical University (branch) in Yalta Institute of Economics and management
Abstract
The article describes the main problems and prospects of tourism development in Russia and Crimea, as well as achieving competitiveness in the tourist market.
The development of tourism plays one of the most important roles in economic development for most countries of the world, including Russia, which has enormous potential for tourism development. However, Russian tour operators are experiencing some problems with serving tourists. According to Rostourism, the main problems are the high cost of tours (this is due to the high cost of transport services), as well as an insufficiently developed tourist infrastructure.
But, despite this, tourism in Russia has great prospects. An important factor in the effective development of tourism in Russia can be considered the holding of major sporting events, such as the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi, as well as the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. These events not only help strengthen Russia’s image in the international arena, but also create an impetus for the development of tourism infrastructure in general, which will serve for many years, attracting new tourist flows to the region. According to Rostourism, Russia will be able to enter the international market through the development of domestic tourism. This is facilitated by the fact that Russia has unique healing resources, which made it possible to create a system of sanatorium and resort treatment of various types in the country.
The country's tourism potential is the key to its long-term competitiveness. Each tourist destination in Russia requires the development of a promotion strategy, which involves the following actions:
1) ensuring the effective functioning of the tourism and recreational sector;
2) improving the quality of service and developing tourism infrastructure;
3) expanding the range of tourism services and developing new types of tourism;
4) carrying out measures to smooth out the seasonality of tourist flow;
5) application of innovations in tourism activities.
Thus, despite the positive trends in the development of tourism in Russia, the country’s huge tourism potential is still at the initial stage of its development. Most of the problems of tourism development are complex. According to the author of the book “Marketing in Tourism” A.P. Durovich, to create a competitive tourism industry, effective government policy in this area is important, including strategic goals and objectives, established mechanisms and tools for their solutions, selection of qualified personnel for their implementation, etc. .
An important segment of the Russian tourism market is Crimea, annexed to Russia in 2014. Crimea is a profitable region for the Russian economy, and the tourism and resort industry is one of the most attractive in the country. However, despite the great opportunities, a number of problems have been identified in Crimea, which include:
1) difficult transport links with Russia;
2) unsatisfactory condition of a significant part of the roads;
3) discrepancy between the level of service and generally accepted standards;
4) lack of service infrastructure on the beaches, their pollution;
5) underdevelopment of the tourism and entertainment industry.
Since Crimea is a profitable region for the Russian economy, the issue of tourism development here is relevant and requires the adoption of certain measures to achieve competitiveness in the domestic and international markets.
The modern structure of the tourist region of Crimea is characterized by an insufficient level of expansion of services, but has a positive trend in updating the types of tourist and recreational activities. At the same time, the trend for the development of sanatorium-resort treatment and health-improving beach recreation continues here. The level of innovation in the tourism industry of Crimea is insufficient to create positive conditions for entrepreneurial activity in the tourism sector. The region lacks comprehensive innovative programs for the development of resorts and tourism that take into account trends in the global services market and emphasize the competitive tourism potential of Crimea.
To create competitive tourist advantages of Crimea and ensure a comfortable holiday on the peninsula, it is necessary to develop, first of all, the transport infrastructure connecting the peninsula with the Russian mainland. Internal transport in Crimea also requires development, expansion of the vehicle fleet and an increase in the number of flights during the holiday season, improving the quality of the road surface, etc.
A big disadvantage in the development of tourism in Crimea is that a significant part of the territory of the Crimean beaches is inaccessible to local residents and resort guests, is owned by sanatoriums or is private property; The area of public beaches is extremely small compared to the scale of the number of vacationers. It is necessary to solve this problem and ensure access for local residents and tourists to the coastal strip in order to ensure a comfortable stay.
In Crimea, it is necessary to develop various types of tourism, such as hiking trips, sea cruises, educational excursion trips to the historical and cultural centers of Crimea, etc. To promote sanatorium and resort services as the main factor in increasing demand for Crimean tourism products, the following measures must be taken:
1) improve the tourism infrastructure on the peninsula;
2) ensure systematic promotion of sanatorium and resort services in Crimea, with an emphasis on the uniqueness of natural and climatic conditions;
3) provide the opportunity to receive spa treatment at low prices outside the peak “high season” (April-May and September-October);
4) organize the purchase of vouchers to sanatoriums in Crimea at optimal prices for distribution to employees of government organizations;
5) implement and constantly develop an effective advertising campaign to create a competitive brand of Crimea.
In order to effectively develop Crimea as a competitive tourist region, it is necessary to conduct an image advertising campaign for the region following the example of such developed tourist centers as Egypt, Cyprus, Bulgaria, etc. The campaign should be preceded by the development of a tourist brand of Crimea in order to increase its effectiveness.
To summarize, it is necessary to focus on the need to develop sanatorium-resort treatment and the market for SPA services in Crimea, as well as to increase the number of entertainment facilities for recreation (for example, water parks, shopping centers with developed entertainment infrastructure, clubs for various types of interests, etc. .).
In general, Crimea has enormous tourism potential, and if the proposed measures are implemented in the near future, the tourism industry in Crimea will flourish and bring great profits to the budget of the Republic and Russia as a whole.
Crimea has everything necessary for the development of tourism: sea, mountains, forest, amazing climate, monuments of different cultures. However, in comparison with the Soviet period, when Crimea was an all-Union health resort, and the present, when the main visitors to the resort are citizens of Ukraine, it becomes obvious that Crimea has lost its position in the tourism market. Being an unusually attractive tourist region, Crimea is experiencing problems in the development of tourism, characteristic of all countries of the former USSR.
The inability to reveal its full potential due to a lack of funds in the state budget, the low level of services provided, the discrepancy between price and quality, the lack of professionals in the field of tourism and services, limited information and lack of advertising support - all this hinders the development of Crimea as a tourist center.
For example, today, only 10% of the material base meets modern requirements, and only a third of the tourist potential of Crimea is used. At the same time, the prices are much higher and do not correspond to the quality of the services offered.
The lack of sufficient investment does not allow the development of the industry and the creation of a competitive product. The funds allocated to the Ministry of Resorts and Tourism of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in 2003 and 2004 amounted to only 1.3 million UAH. Raskin Where does vacation begin // Resorts tourism 2004. No. 2. From 18.
At the same time, it is quite obvious that tourism, as a branch of the national economy of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Ukraine, is a very profitable and constant source of income. In addition, tourism accelerates the development of a number of sectors of the economy: construction, production of goods of high tourist demand (development and production of souvenirs, jewelry industry, printing base specialized in publishing literature for tourists). Tourism is one of the main sources of job creation.
Crimea is one of the main resort regions of the country, so the need to develop the region in this area is obvious not only to industry specialists, but also to the leadership of the republic.
After the collapse of the USSR, structures such as Intourist and Sputnik, which were engaged in international tourism, were reorganized. There was a decline in domestic tourism and a deterioration in the material and technical base. The first attempt to bring tourism out of the crisis in independent Ukraine was the creation in 1992 of the State Committee for Tourism. In 2001, according to the Decree of the President of Ukraine, the State Tourism Administration of Ukraine was created. The creation of a separate body for tourism, as well as the expansion of the powers of this central executive body, made it possible to take a comprehensive approach to the problems of strategic development of the country's tourism industry.
The strategic goal of the region’s development is to create a competitive product on the world market, capable of maximally satisfying the tourism needs of the country’s population, and on this basis ensuring the integrated development of the territories and their socio-economic interests while maintaining environmental balance and historical and cultural heritage.
With the support of the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, a number of steps were taken aimed at developing the tourism sector.
Realizing the need for a complete modernization of the recreation and treatment infrastructure, the government is trying to find opportunities to attract investment funds.
According to the Minister of Tourism of Ukraine Valery Tsibukh and the Chairman of the Council of the Minister of Crimea Vitalina Dzoz, in Crimea there is now no clear concept for the development of a sanatorium-resort complex, there is no favorable complex, and there is no favorable investment climate. To do this, it is necessary to create suitable legal and financial conditions for investors, established by law. Crimea Island // Tourism Professional Magazine 2003, p. 49.
The first steps in this direction are already being taken. For the first time in Ukraine, the Autonomous Republic adopted regulations on private boarding houses. Thus, this will help to bring additional funds into the budget, and for those involved in reconstruction and construction to receive benefits. A law has been prepared and adopted allowing for the lease of land or an object for 49 years, construction or reconstruction of it for further operation. In addition, recently in Crimea there has been a tendency to build mini-hotels with the opportunity to use resort facilities.
All these actions of the government of the republic led to the fact that, as a result of the survey, the heads of Crimean health resorts and travel agencies positively assessed the work of the Ministry of Resorts and Tourism of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the results of the holiday season for 2003. (See Appendix 2, 3)
The most important task of the functioning of the resort and recreational complex of Crimea is to provide conditions for the development of foreign tourism. In recent years, there has been a trend towards attracting foreign tourists. Compared to 2000 the influx of foreigners increased by 16.2% and amounted to 254.0 thousand people, or 28.4% of the total number of guests. More than ½ visited Yalta, 23.9% Evpatoria, 13.9% Alushta. 96.9% are representatives of the CIS countries, which should determine the development strategy of the resort, recreational and tourist complex of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Nesterov How to develop Crimea // Resorts tourism 2004. No. 2. From 12
In this regard, special attention is paid to improving the regulatory framework in the field of resort tourism, simplifying border and customs formalities, and the safety of tourists. At the initiative of the State Tourism Administration, by resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated March 29, 2004. No. 410, changes have been made to the procedure for issuing permits to enter Ukraine, which provide for the possibility of issuing them to citizens of member countries of the European Union, Canada, the USA, the Swiss Confederation and Japan at the consular points of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, which are created at the international airports "Simferopol" and " Odessa”, Odessa seaport, for a period of 8 days in the presence of documents that confirm the tourist nature of the trip. Information on the state and prospects for the development of cooperation in the field of tourism between Ukraine and the Russian Federation // Tourism, Law and Economics 2003, No. 1. C 43
Crimea needs investments amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars; the tourism industry is in first place in this matter. And the Ukrainian government considers Russia to be the main investor country. The motives for attracting Russian capital are not only the desire to receive additional funds for the budget, but also possible prospects for promoting their goods, especially agricultural ones, on the Russian market. And Russia will thereby be able to regain its lost influence on the peninsula. At the same time, the government of the autonomy declares its readiness to provide its guarantees to Russian investors.
86.7% of the total volume of foreign direct investment falls on the share of such investor countries as the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Virgin Islands, Great Britain, Switzerland, Cyprus, Latvia. Nesterov How to develop Crimea // Resorts tourism 2004. No. 2.С 14 (See Appendix 4)
The main share of foreign capital is concentrated in the healthcare sector of Crimea. (See Appendix 5) As of January 1, 2004, foreign direct investments placed in this area amounted to 98.0 million USD, or 48.7% of all capital investments. At the same time, 79.3% of investments came to the healthcare sector from entrepreneurs of the Russian Federation, 18.9% from the founders of Uzbekistan. In the hotel complex of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, foreign investors placed 43.4% of million USD, or 19.4% of the total volume of investments in Crimea. A significant portion of the funds came to the industry from entrepreneurs in Switzerland - 30.8%, Latvia - 27.1%, the Virgin Islands, Great Britain - 25.3%, and the Russian Federation - 9.3%.
In the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, events are being carried out aimed at developing relations with foreign partners and attracting them as potential investors.
Foreign investments that are large enough to allow the investor to establish effective control over the management of the enterprise and create a long-term interest in the successful operation and development of this enterprise, and therefore the industry as a whole.
The policy of attracting foreign investment will increase the budget of the tourism industry. Which in turn will provide opportunities to improve the material and technical base, create and develop new products, promote Crimea on the market by increasing advertising.
In the total tourist flow to Ukraine, the tourist flow from Russia made up the absolute majority (52% of the total number of tourists traveling for tourism purposes).
In order to optimize and increase the economic efficiency of activities for the development of the tourism space, create a competitive tourism product and its promotion in the international market, the government of Ukraine and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is taking the following actions for the further development of Ukrainian-Russian relations in the field of tourism.
One of the methods for solving problems of interaction between countries is the development of socially oriented types of tourism as an important and necessary part of Ukrainian-Russian relations. For many years now, a program of recreation and health improvement for the population, especially for children and adolescents of the northern regions of Russia, has been implemented at the resorts of Crimea.
In order to make the most effective use of the tourist and recreational complex of Crimea, to increase income and meet the needs of Ukrainian and Russian tourists, use the opportunity to join forces at the beginning of the tourist season to popularize the rich recreational tourism potential of Crimea.
Thus, emphasizing the main tasks of the government of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, it is necessary to note the attraction of investment in the industry, the creation of a competitive product and its promotion on the market.
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