Gorky Railway originates from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road, the first construction projects of which date back to the 30s of the 19th century. The Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was completely opened to traffic in August 1862. The present boundaries of the Gorky Railway were formed in 1961 as a result of the merger of the Gorky and Kazan Railways.
The Gorky Railway runs mainly along territories Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir, Kirov regions, partially the republics of Mordovia, Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkiria, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, as well as Ryazan, Perm, Sverdlovsk regions. The road is controlled from Nizhny Novgorod. The Gorky Road connects the Central, North-Western and Northern regions of Russia with the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia. The road serves transport services for 6 republics within the Russian Federation (Mordovia, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, Tatarstan, Mari-El, Bashkortostan) and 8 regions (Moscow, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Perm, Yekatirenburg, Vologda, Ryazan). The road's services are used by 205 administrative-territorial districts, where more than 14 million people live.
IN compound The Gorky Railway includes 6 departments: Muromskoe, Gorkovskoe (Nizhegorodskoe), Kirovskoe, Kazanskoe, Izhevskoe, Vladimirskoe.
The highway has 432 stations, including 7 large marshalling stations.
Basic junction stations railways: Vladimir, Novki, Kovrov, Gorky-Sortirovochny, Kotelnich, Kirov, Lyangasovo, Murom, Arzamas, Red Knot, Kanash, Sviyazhsk, Zeleny Dol, Yudino, Agryz.
General length roads - 5589.1 km - fall on two parallel latitudinal directions: Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod-Kirov and Moscow-Kazan-Ekaterinburg, connected by roads. Both directions are electrified. The share of electric traction in transportation is 88%. The remaining transportation is carried out by diesel locomotives.
Freight volume The Gorky Railway exceeded the freight turnover of the combined railways of England, France, Italy, Holland, and Belgium. The Gorky Railway ranks third in the Russian Federation in terms of freight turnover. The most widespread cargo are: petroleum and chemical, mineral fertilizers, cars, construction and forest materials. The road serves large industrial enterprises, such as the Gorky, Izhevsk and Pavlovsk automobile plants, large engineering plants in Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Kazan, Izhevsk, Vladimir, chemical enterprises producing agricultural fertilizers in the cities of Dzerzhinsk and Kirov-Chepetsk, the Kstov oil refinery, enterprises metallurgical complex and for the procurement and processing of forest products, deposits of building materials, peat, as well as agricultural areas for the production of grain, flax and areas of developed livestock farming. In the total volume of cargo turnover, transit accounts for 35%, import 25%, export 21% and local traffic 18%. Among transit cargoes, the largest share is of coal, timber, ferrous metals, ore, oil cargo, engineering products and grain cargo. Import: coal, metals, construction materials, certain types of petroleum products, light and food industry products. Export: timber, cars, oil cargo, engineering products. Local traffic mainly transports construction goods, peat, timber, and agricultural goods. Trains from Moscow and St. Petersburg to the Urals, Siberia and the Far East travel in transit through the Gorky Railway. Now the Gorky Railway is experiencing a period of, if not recovery, then financial recovery. Up to 80% of income is collected in real money.
Development prospects. The Gorky Highway is one of the most technically equipped roads in the Russian Federation. A “Program for the Development of Telecommunications and Informatization of the Gorky Railway for the Period 2000-2005” has been developed, which identifies the following priority areas for the development of telecommunications:
- construction and operation of a unified backbone digital communication network of the Ministry of Railways based on fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL);
- modernization of operational-technological cable and radio communications based on fiber-optic communication lines and digital communication systems; introduction of digital telephone exchanges;
- creation of information infrastructure;
- introduction of modern complexes of control information technologies.
All activities carried out within the framework of the program are aimed at improving the quality and reliability of communications in order to improve traffic safety and the efficiency of the railway as a whole.
The implementation of the program will make it possible to connect all departments, railway junctions and main stations of the road with a digital network of operational and technological communications (466 OTS stations), organized along fiber-optic lines with a length of 4934 km.
Large capital investments were made to improve the quality of repairs and ongoing maintenance of the track. As a result, the speed of trains on the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod section is currently 140 km per hour, and by 2004. will increase to 200 km/h. Investments should be aimed at providing railways with powerful equipment. Today, the State Railways operates 12 licensed track machines, machine systems and resource-saving technologies are effectively used. The main task is to optimize costs without compromising traffic safety.
At a meeting dedicated to the Second International Transport Corridor (ITC-2), running along the route "Berlin-Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow" with a total length of 1830 km, its extension to Nizhny Novgorod was approved. The meeting participants recognized that the Nizhny Novgorod region is ready to become the center of the state’s transport policy and unite two great transport routes
continent: from West to East and from South to North. Western investors are ready to invest about $800 million in the project.
The State Railway has the necessary equipment, technology and infrastructure for joint international transportation, and is ready to lead all work on the preparation and subsequent operation of the transport corridor within the Volga Federal District.
Over the past two years, the management of the State Railway has implemented a number of large-scale projects related to the repair, reconstruction and modernization of railway infrastructure. A regional dispatch center for transportation control was created in Nizhny Novgorod, where today all dispatch and control processes are automated. Modern information and telecommunication technologies are being put into operation.
Bibliography
1) Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2) Website of the Gorky Railway http://www.unn.runnet.ru/rus/volgovyt/nizhobl/traning/
3) RIA Novosti
4) Nizhny Novgorod Telegraph Agency
5) Information and publishing center "CONNECT!"
6) Internet agency of the Ministry of Railways of Russia
History of the Gorky Railway
The Gorky railway is one of the oldest roads, which originates from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway, which passed through the Moscow, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod provinces. In the Russian Empire it became the seventh in a row.
The construction of a railway in this region was necessary. Since 1817, when the famous Makaryevskaya fair was moved to Nizhny Novgorod, the city has become one of the important and main trading centers in Russia. The railway line opened up the opportunity to more conveniently and quickly deliver goods to the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, and also connected the Center of Russia with the Volga region and the eastern regions of the country, and supplied Moscow with products.
The first application for the construction of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was received by the Main Directorate of Communications and Public Buildings from State Councilor Vonlyarlyarovsky in 1847. The final construction project was approved in 1857. In the same year, the Main Society of Russian Railways was created in Russia, which was entrusted with the construction of 4 roads, including the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod one. The railway line passed through Moscow, Pokrov, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets, Nizhny Novgorod. Construction was divided into two sections: Moscow - Vladimir and Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod. Construction of the first began in the spring of 1858, and the second in the spring of 1859. General construction management was transferred to French engineers, and the practical part was carried out by Russian specialists. Serfs and civilian workers were involved in the construction. The work was exhausting, the standards were unbearable, and besides, illiterate peasants were often deceived and shortchanged. They lived in dugouts and provided themselves with food and clothing. The tools of labor were a pickaxe, a shovel, and a wheelbarrow.
Through train traffic between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod was opened on August 2 (15), 1862.
The first station of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod Railway was located on the left, low bank of the Oka River, flooded by spring floods, in the Kunavinskaya Sloboda. The Moscow highway passed near the line of this railway, and the Nizhny Novgorod Fair was located not far from the station complex. To ensure the delivery of goods from river piers, special connecting branches were built from the station.
The first locomotives and carriages were purchased abroad, although the locomotives were built there according to Russian drawings. The first domestic railway workshops for the conversion of foreign cars were built in Kovrov in 1861.
In January 1894, the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod Railway was purchased by the treasury and, together with the Murom Railway, became part of the Moscow-Kursk Railway, where it remained until 1936.
In the early 90s of the 19th century, a project for the Moscow-Kazan railway line was developed. In 1891, the Moscow-Kazan Railway Society was created, headed by the son of the famous railway magnate Nikolai Karlovich von Meck. The company receives concessions from the state for the construction of lines: Ryazan - Ruzaevka - Alatyr - Kazan; Green Dol - Kazan; Timiryazevo - Nizhny Novgorod (via Lukoyanov and Arzamas); Moscow - Murom - Arzamas - Shikhrany (Kanash) - Kazan - Yekaterinburg (latitudinal line). The Moscow-Kursk Railway Company directed the final section of the latitudinal railway from the Krasnaya Gorka (Yudino) station through Sarapul and Krasnoufimsk to Yekaterinburg. The N. Novgorod - Kotelnich line was supposed to bring the distant outskirts of the Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod provinces, which had huge forest reserves, closer to the center. To do this, it was necessary to build a bridge across the Volga, but its construction was postponed due to the outbreak of the First World War.
Thus, in 1890 - 1917, 1877 km of lines were built in the regions of the future Gorky Railway, which later became part of the main line. Although these lines have not yet been formed into a single, convenient system focused on Moscow and large Russian cities, trains have already arrived in Kazan and Vyatka. Thanks to this, the Volga region received a serious impetus for economic development. The large-scale construction of railway lines was interrupted by the turbulent historical events of the early twentieth century: revolution, Civil War. The decree of June 28, 1918 formalized the nationalization of private railways, and their management was transferred to the People's Commissariat of Communications.
The Kotelnich - Nizhny Novgorod line was put into operation in 1927. In summer, the connection between Nizhny Novgorod and this line was by ferry, and in winter, a railway track was laid on the ice. In 1935, a railway bridge was built across the Volga, which opened to traffic in May.
In May 1936, the Gorky and Kazan railways were separated from the old railways with management in Gorky and Kazan. In 1941-1945. the railway operated under wartime conditions: evacuation of the population and enterprises to rear areas, delivery of troops, ammunition and food to the front line, special formations of the NKPS, VEO.
After the war, the railway gradually returned to peaceful life. In 1946, construction of semi-automatic interlocking resumed, replacing semaphores with traffic lights.
In 1954, the movement of “heavy haulers” began among locomotive crews, helping to reduce the cost of cargo and increase the capacity of railways. Steam-powered passenger and freight trains operated until 1962.
In 1959, electrification of sections of the Gorky Railway began, which was completed in the northern direction by 1964, and in the southern direction by 1987. In May 1961, the Kazan Railway became part of the Gorky Railway. In 1968, a road information and computing center began operating, and in 1997, construction began on a digital information and communication system using fiber optic technologies.
In 2003, the open joint-stock company “Russian Railways” was formed, of which the Gorky Railway became a branch.
On December 27, 2002, the Burevestnik fast train service opened from N. Novgorod to Moscow. On July 30, 2010, the opening of high-speed traffic Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow took place: the high-speed train "Sapsan" began moving. Since 2013, a project of intermodal passenger transportation from the Kazan railway station to the international airport has been implemented. A landmark event in 2013-2014. was preparation for the XXVII World Summer Student Universiade in Kazan and the XXII Winter Olympic Games, their transport support.
The road management is located in Nizhny Novgorod. The road was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor ().
| Gorky Railway | |
|---|---|
| Type | branch |
| Base | |
| Location | Russia Russia: Nizhny Novgorod, October Revolution Street, 78 |
| Key figures | Anatoly Lesun (road manager) |
| Products | Railway infrastructure services |
| Parent company | JSC Russian Railways |
| Website | gzd.rzd.ru |
| Media files on Wikimedia Commons | |
| Gorky Order of the Red Banner of Labor Railway | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Full title | Branch of JSC Russian Railways - Gorky Railway |
| Years of work | from May 9 |
| A country |
USSR USSR(until 1991), Russia Russia |
| City of Governance | Nizhny Novgorod |
| State | current |
| Subordination | JSC Russian Railways |
| Telegraph code | GOR (Also used "GRK") |
| Numeric code | 24 |
| Awards | |
| Length | 5296 km (operational) |
| Website | gzd.rzd.ru |
| Media files on Wikimedia Commons | |
The road was formed in accordance with Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 406 of May 6, 1961. The road included sections of the Gorky and Kazan railways, which in turn were formed from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow-Kazan, Vyatka-Dvina railways.
The total length of the main railway tracks is 7987 km. The total deployed length of the tracks is &&&&&&&&&012066.400000 12,066.4 km.
Story
Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road
The first projects for the construction of the Nizhny Novgorod railway date back to the 30s of the 19th century. Russia was able to begin construction of a network of railways, among which the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was one of the first, only at the end of the 1850s.
Construction was carried out on two sites. On the Moscow-Vladimir section, work began in the first half of May 1858. On the Vladimir-Nizhny Novgorod section, construction began only in the spring of 1859. The official opening of train traffic over 177 miles from Moscow to Vladimir took place in the summer of 1861. Construction work progressed at a much slower pace on the Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod section. Construction of this part of the road continued for more than a year. The Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was completely opened for traffic on August 1, 1862. After 30 years, the Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod line became double-track.
Current state
In 2009, two suburban companies were created: Volgo-Vyatka Passenger Company OJSC (together with the Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov regions) and Sodruzhestvo OJSC (together with the republics of Tatarstan and Udmurtia).
In the competition “Innovation of the Region 2009”, held by the government of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the winner in the category “Transport and Logistics” was the State Railway, having come up with a project for organizing high-speed traffic on the Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow route. In 2009, the number of tickets sold via the Internet reached 405 thousand.
The most popular trains are "Vyatka" (Kirov - Moscow), "Volga" (Nizhny Novgorod - St. Petersburg), "Nizhny Novgorod - Adler", "Chuvashiya" (Cheboksary - Moscow) and "Burevestnik" (Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow, since June 2014 replaced by Lastochka trains).
High speed traffic
The Gorky Railway plans to compete with air transport carrying passengers on the route Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow.
On April 28, 2013, the Lastochka high-speed electric train was launched on the Gorky Mainline, covering the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 4 hours. From June 1, 2015, Talgo 250 electric trains under the brand name “Strizh” began running on this route instead of “Sapsan” trains; their travel time is 3 hours 35 minutes.
Prospects
To increase capacity, the possibility of organizing heavy traffic is being considered. In the summer of 2012, a train weighing 16 thousand tons was sent from Lyangasovo to Sharya (SZD). A similar heavyweight competition was already held in December 2011. Two VL80 locomotives carried the train to Cherepovets, where it was divided into two trains.
Activity
In 2007, the railway loaded 112,441 containers (of which 30,980 were large-tonnage). Loading into containers amounted to 907.6 thousand tons of cargo (of which 621.3 thousand tons were large-capacity).
In 2009, the loading volume amounted to 36 million 936.7 thousand tons, 59 million 734.0 thousand passengers were sent (in suburban traffic 52 million 735.5 thousand), passenger turnover amounted to 12 billion 433.7 million passenger km . During the year, 2951 trains weighing more than 6500 tons were carried out.
Transfers to regional, local budgets and extra-budgetary funds in 2009 amounted to 7.645 billion rubles. In 2008-2009, the State Railway donated funds for the restoration of the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the village of Gorevo, Nizhny Novgorod region.
Road structure
Infrastructure
Management
In 1863-1868, the head of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road was Ivan Koenig, from 1868 to 1893 - Ivan Rerberg. The first head of the Gorky Railway in 1936 was Arseny Fedotovich Badashev, who was repressed a year later. In total, in the first five years, six bosses were replaced on the Gorky Road.
Chiefs of the road Chief Engineers
- - Loginov Mikhail Vasilievich
- - Ryabkov Alexander Nikolaevich
- - Ishchenko Andrey Yurievich
Notes
- History of the road Archived copy of January 11, 2012 on the Wayback Machine, gzd.rzd.ru
- Gorky Railway// Great Encyclopedia of Transport: In 8 volumes / Ch. ed. N. S. Konarev.. - 2nd ed. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2003. - T. 4 (Railway transport). - P. 95-97. - 15,000 copies. -
The Gorky Railway serves the Middle Volga region and the Urals. It connects the central and northwestern regions of Russia with the Urals, opening access to Siberia and the Far East. It mainly serves the Volga Federal District, but several hundred kilometers of its lines run through the neighboring Central and Ural Districts, and there is one station in the North-Western.
In total, the service area of the Gorky Railway includes 15 regions of Russia, among which 6 republics:
- The Republic of Mordovia;
- Chuvash Republic;
- Udmurt republic;
- Republic of Tatarstan;
- Mari El Republic;
- Republic of Bashkortostan.
AND 8 areas:
- Moscow;
- Vladimirskaya;
- Nizhny Novgorod;
- Kirovskaya;
- Sverdlovskaya;
- Vologda;
- Ryazan;
- Ulyanovskaya;
- Perm region.
Nizhny Novgorod Region- 77 thousand sq. km. territory and 3.5 million inhabitants.
IN Nizhny Novgorod located the biggest There is a railway station on the Gorky railway.
Near the center of the region there is a road leader in loading (Zeletsino station).
Importantshipper region - OJSC "Vyksa Metallurgical Plant"- the world's largest manufacturer of wheels for rail transport.
At the station Nizhny Novgorod - Sorting Up to 70 trains are being formed.
Mari El Republic - 23 thousand sq. km. and 750 thousand inhabitants. Construction materials, timber, glass, and petroleum products are sent from the republic.
Chuvash Republic - 18 thousand sq. km. and 1.35 million inhabitants. Chemical, foundry, mechanical engineering, carriage building and car repair industries receive products and raw materials by rail.
Kirov region- 120 thousand sq. km. and 1.5 million inhabitants. The railway station, which is located in the center of Kirov, is one of the top three on the road in terms of the number of passengers sent. A large marshalling station is Lyangasovo.
Udmurt republic- 42 thousand sq. km. and 1.6 million inhabitants. Many enterprises located in Izhevsk, Glazov, Sarapul send and receive dozens of wagons with cargo every day.
Vladimir region- the road lines run through the center, southern and eastern parts of the region. The stations are located in the largest cities: Vladimir, Kovrov, Murom, Gus-Khrustalny. Enterprises in the construction industry, glass industry and mechanical engineering receive their products by rail.
Republic of Tatarstan- 67.8 thousand sq. km. and 1.1 million inhabitants. Two large marshalling stations - Agryz and Yudino. GZD works with enterprises of the city of Zelenodolsk, with producers of agricultural products.
Currently, the highway includes 5 regional centers:
- Muromsky;
- Gorkovsky;
- Kirovsky;
- Kazansky;
- Izhevsky.
Main routes of the highway- these are two parallel latitudinal directions connected to each other:
Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kirov;
Moscow - Kazan - Ekaterinburg.
The main tracks of the road are equipped mainly with heavy R-65 type rails.
The neutral section of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs along the State Railway, hence its great transit importance. However, the area of responsibility of the State Railway is also the territory of significant initial shipment of cargo, including oil and its products, products of chemical enterprises and enterprises producing agricultural fertilizers, enterprises of the metallurgical complex and mechanical engineering, enterprises for the procurement and processing of forest products , construction materials.
Use the services of the road 205 administrative-territorial districts where he lives more than 14 million people. Passing through the territories where the largest number of Russian million-plus cities are concentrated, The State Railway is one of the roads with the highest passenger traffic.
On the Gorky Railway operates 373 stations. Higher 250 stations carry out cargo operations. Large marshalling stations of the Russian Railways network are Nizhny Novgorod-Sortirovochny, Lyangasovo, Agryz, Yudino.
GZD- one of the most technically equipped roads in the Russian Federation. The share of electric traction in transportation is about 90 percent.
The operational length of the road is 5,331.4 km.
The total deployed length of the tracks is 11,873.2 km.
The total length of the access roads is 677.84 km.
The expanded length of the station tracks is 3,129.98 km.
The total length of electrified tracks is 7,318.1 km.
74 cities stand on the civil railway lines, in close proximity to them or on access roads leading to its stations.
The total length of the main railway tracks is 7,959.4 km(this is comparable to the total length of the railway network in Hungary).
The area of the territory served by the Gorky Railway is 390,000 m2(this is larger than, for example, Japan, Germany or Finland).
GZD is a clear example of how the unique experience of the oldest representatives of the industry is skillfully complemented by new technologies and modern approaches to business process management.
Gorkovskaya- the only railway in the world that bears the name of the writer. But it is also true that it is named after a railroad worker. After all, Maxim Gorky wrote his first published story “Makar Chudra” in the summer of 1892, while working in the workshops of the Transcaucasian Railways in Tiflis. By the way, one of the most beloved passenger branded trains - "Burevestnik" - also received its name in memory of the writer.
A new page in the history of the highway was opened by the high-speed traffic project on the line Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow - St. Petersburg. Before the launch of the high-speed train project, train running times ranged from 5 hours 20 minutes to 8 hours. Today it amounts to 3 hours 35 min.
April 28, 2013 The Lastochka high-speed electric train was launched on the Gorky Mainline, covering the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 4 hours.
June 1, 2015 At the Kursky railway station in Moscow, a solemn event was held dedicated to the departure of the new high-speed electric train Talgo 250 under the brand name for the first flight with passengers "Swift" on the route Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod. The Strizh train Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod is capable of transporting over 400 passengers. The train includes carriages with 1st and 2nd class seating, SV (VIP) carriages, a buffet car and a restaurant car. All carriages are equipped with air conditioning systems and environmentally friendly toilet facilities. Travel time is 3 hours 35 minutes.
August 3, 2014, On the first Sunday of August - the day when Russian railway workers traditionally celebrate their professional holiday - the Museum of the History and Development of the Gorky Railway opened.
Main goals Gorky Railway - timely and high-quality provision, in cooperation with other organizations, of the needs of the state, legal entities and individuals in railway transportation, related work and services, provision of services to users of the railway transport infrastructure.
Gorky road borders with railways:
- Moskovskaya (Petushki and Cherusti villages);
- Sverdlovskaya (st. Cheptsa, Druzhinino);
- Northern (st. Novki, Susolovka, Svecha);
- Kuibyshevskaya (Krasny Uzel, Tsilna, Alnashi stations).
