We rested from August 23 to September 7.
Hello everybody! I spent my 15 Black Sea days with my daughters (1.3g and 3.5g) and my mother in the village Kacha, 30 km north of Sevastopol, near the village. Orlovka.
For the first time in Kacha, my husband and I were in 2011, when we traveled by car and accidentally taxied there. We arrived at the apartment complex and decided to stay there. Then we liked it there, so on this trip with two children, I decided not to experiment and chose what was already known.
Kacha- an urban-type settlement founded in 1912 in connection with the move to this place of the first aviation school of military pilots in Russia. Kacha is saturated with aviation, the residents are proud of their history, in 2012 its 100th anniversary was celebrated. What I managed to learn from the history of this place:
The Sevastopol Officer School of Aviation was founded in 1910 on the initiative of Grand Duke Alexander Romanov with funds from voluntary donations. The first release of 24 pilots took place on October 26, 1911 in the presence of Nicholas II. In the summer of 1911, the Chairman of the State Duma, Guchkov, visited her, after which the government allocated 1.5 million rubles to the aviation school to purchase land for the airfield. These funds were used to purchase a plot of suitable land measuring 658 acres (7.1 square kilometers) near the Kacha River, 20 kilometers from Sevastopol. In the summer of 1912, the school made its first move to the new airfield and the adjoining village of Aleksandro-Mikhailovka. The development of the school's infrastructure gave impetus to the development of the village of Kacha, which was renamed the former farm. Until 1917, the school trained 609 military pilots, whose knowledge and skills were useful to the Russian army in the First World War. After the victory of the Red Army, it continued the training of military pilots as the 1st Aviation School of the Red Army.
In 1941, she was evacuated to the city of Krasny Kut, Saratov Region. In 1945, the school was renamed the College and transferred to the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd).
The Kachin Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots in the village of Kacha was disbanded in November 1998. The successor of the Kachinsky School is the 783rd Training Aviation Order of Lenin, the Red Banner Flight Personnel Training Center in Armavir, where the Battle Banner of the Kachinsky VVAUL is stored and its Historical Form is kept.
Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich, Kravchenko Grigory Panteleevich, Stalin Vasily Iosifovich and others became pupils of the Kachinsky School.
After the Great Patriotic War, from 1947 to 1960, the 4th Fighter Aviation Division was based on Kutch. In May 1960, the 872nd aviation regiment was relocated to Kacha from the Khersones airfield. And since the autumn of 1960, a separate transport regiment has been based here, on Kutch. These two main aviation units, as well as support units, are based at the Kacha airfield at the present time.
Transfer in Crimea
From home, I ordered a MegaKrym taxi. 1400 rubles, on the road 1 hour. 20 minutes. We really liked the driver, a young man, and we took his phone so that he would take us back to the airport at the end of the holiday. He lives in Sevastopol, works according to the schedule in a car delivering bread, and on his free days he takes vacationers. He said that there are a lot of vacationers, sometimes it’s not even possible to immediately find free guest houses if they haven’t booked in advance. If anyone needs a taxi number, write, I'll throw it off.
Apartments in Crimea
Our Parus. We rested in this six-story complex of apartments that strengthen the coast, located on the embankment of the current garrison. Ground floor - restaurants (two), spa, children's entertainment center, gym, mini market. The remaining five floors are apartments. We lived on the last, sixth, floor with a separate entrance. Our number, which I found via the Internet, was a one-room apartment of 40 sq. m, fully equipped with everything you need. All rooms at this complex have windows with balconies overlooking the sea.
Very beautiful waterfront. In the evening, everyone walks slowly on the embankment, a lot of children ride cars, have fun in the children's center, music in restaurants. At the exit of this complex there is a small park, which also has children's entertainment: labyrinths, trampolines, cars, etc. The cost of apartments is 3000 rubles. August, 2500 September. And just in our apartments we encountered the concept of the Crimean service. Everything in the room is great, good repair, expensive furniture and equipment. But, for example, towels, linen, little things like a dryer, mops, etc. - the girls, the owners, apparently, brought everything that was not needed from home. Old and sometimes broken! There was a feeling of unreality - everything around is so cool, and here you are - an iron from the 60s, well, maybe not on coals. Or oilcloth on the kitchen table, all broken and glued together with adhesive tape. We saw the hosts once upon arrival - a married couple under 60 years old, residents of Sevastopol. Since we were leaving at 6 am, the key was left to the guards.
I really liked Parus, exactly what you need for a vacation. It was very convenient to run for a swim while the children were sleeping - you go down the elevator, and immediately the embankment.
Top floor apartment with parking. Here are the entrances to the entrances and separate entrances for the rooms of this floor.
According to the difference in the environment, the “atmosphere”, I divided the entire Kacha into three places: the village (private sector), the garrison, in which two- and five-story houses are located, and the Our Parus apartment with its embankment, which is located, as it were, in at the end of Kacha, behind it, behind the fence, there is already an active garrison.
Garrison. Previously, there was a checkpoint between the village and the garrison, but after the collapse of the USSR, the fence was moved deep into the territory - as the locals explained, in order to pay less rent to Ukraine. Thus, part of the garrison in Kutch consists of free territory, and part of it consists of the closed garrison of the aviation troops of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. We really liked the atmosphere of the garrison, there was a feeling that we were back in the Soviet Union - a leisurely life, linen on clotheslines, gatherings of neighbors and volleyball games in the yards, open kind people. Here, in the former building of the aviation school, there is the House of Officers. Nearby is the park of heroes of the Soviet Union with pedestals of 26 hero pilots and a monument to 16 pilots who made air rams during the Second World War. Opposite the house with lions is the former headquarters of the flight school, on the second floor of which there was a ballroom and personal apartments of the Emperor's brother Alexander Mikhailovich, but he never stopped in them (according to a resident of this house). Later this building was given over to apartments. Everything in the garrison is saturated with aviation, military exploits, there is a memorial to the Kachin people who died during the Second World War. There is a lot of space between houses, a lot of small park areas. The garrison has sewage treatment plants that serve the entire Kacha, which is a definite plus for relaxing in this place.
Kacha village
The atmosphere of the village does not make any special impression - an ordinary village, in my opinion. But we could not walk a lot with the children, so we didn’t go around all of them. Where we walked, there is a good playground originally from the USSR, but everything works, it is painted. There is an interesting park with a fountain. Quite dirty behind the houses along the shore, there are some abandoned overgrown littered areas, because of which they did not even dare to approach the shore. In the village for vacationers, a lot of housing is rented - and in the houses themselves for 300 rubles. per day per person, and there are separate buildings for tourists. The village has all the necessary infrastructure: pharmacies, many shops, a food and clothing market, a bus station, a cafe, a canteen.
Beach in Kutch
In Kutch, there is a very high coast (the height of a 5-storey building), and the beach line stretches along the entire coast. On the embankment of the garrison, the coast is reinforced with apartment structures on one side of the descent and buildings of sea dachas on the other. Sea dachas, or boathouses - these are such small towns one above the other next to the sea, to the height of the coast. Very actively rented out to vacationers. There are three rows of such dachas with a sign “VIP housing for rent”, which are built up in blocks in the same style as hotels. The boathouses have their own descents to the sea. Where the sea dachas end, the shore in places hangs over the beach, sometimes landslides occur. There were always free places on our embankment, we felt comfortable there. Sun loungers cost 100 rubles. for a day. The beach is disorganized. No cabins, showers, lifeguards, but very clean. There is a toilet in the apartment building, but we did not immediately notice it. The first days of our holiday, the beach and the bottom were purely sandy, fine sand, and then after the storm a lot of pebbles appeared! Both on the beach and at the bottom. Sunset is not immediately deep, the children have a place to run and swim, but not so much shallow. During our holiday, due to storms, the sea "came" and the beach became smaller than it was before. As a result, the already narrow beach became narrow! So narrow that during big waves, when swimming is dangerous, but sitting on the shore is very cool, there is no place to sit down - all the sand is wet. On such a day we went to the beach in Orlovka, it is 10 minutes from Kacha.
Sea in Kutch
The sea in Kutch in the sun is turquoise. If there is no storm, then the water is clean and transparent, all the pitfalls are visible from the balcony. In the morning the sea was always calm and clear. By lunchtime, small waves began, and in the afternoon it was particularly stormy. It was like this for most of the holiday. If the waves are very strong, then the water mixes with the sand near the shore. There are no jellyfish.
Food in Kacha
On the territory of the garrison part of Kacha, a few minutes walk from us, we found a magnificent cafe-bar-dining room "Lotos" with a beautiful outdoor area and a funky playground. When I saw this, I couldn't believe my eyes! They have a huge selection of ready-made dishes: about 20 meat dishes, 10 side dishes, salads, belyashi, fried and baked pies, buns, omelettes, casseroles, pilaf like from a cauldron. We didn't have time to try everything. They cook very tasty. You can take with you, there are containers and packages. We spent from 500 to 800 rubles, if we took it with us for dinner. On the way to the market in the village there is a cheburek, there are delicious chebureks (60-70 r). In the pavilion at the market, fresh homemade dairy products, meat, eggs, poultry, various homemade cheeses are also delicious! In two stores they found honey baklava in boxes, the production of Sevastopol - melts in your mouth. You can buy fruits and vegetables both in the market and in the garrison. We bought grapes for 100 rubles, melons at first for 40, then in September for 20-30 rubles, figs 350 in August and 200 rubles. in September. For breakfast, they cooked porridge in the room, dined in the dining room, took it with them for dinner, sometimes dined and dined at restaurants on the embankment. Both restaurants serve pizza. Everything we tried there was great. Separately, I want to note the samosas that were worn on the beach. It's divinely delicious. The guy who delivers them tells a million rhymes about them: “samosas are made in paradise, I only sell them”, “if the price confuses you, let you be rewarded in full”, “even the most important boss eats samosas in the morning”, etc. etc. They cost 150 here. Dining area with playground.
Our health
On the third day and fourth day, the daughters had snot, the older one had a temperature of up to 38 for one day. The younger one had a runny nose for 5 days, the older one passed quickly. I didn’t bathe them for three days, just at that time it was very stormy, and it even rained a couple of times. I chalked it up to acclimatization.
Summing up, I will say that we had a great rest, in Kacha there is everything you need for a calm, measured holiday with small children. Therefore, there are a lot of families with children here, it seems that everyone has children))) We did not go anywhere, except for the neighboring Orlovka once. I disconnected from the whole routine and just lived, enjoying the unusual nature, the new environment, the sea and the sun. We were always near the sea, it was with us in our French window of the room, how many different motives it sang for us! And when there was a storm, it seemed that the waves would now wash me off the sofa))) We fell asleep and woke up to the sound of the sea, how cool it is!!! And how many different sunsets we saw sitting on our balcony or walking along the promenade! I also like the nature of Kachi, this high orange-yellow coast! When you stand at the top, and there is an endless blue sea ahead, and seagulls fly by at eye level or even lower, the wind, scorched grass of all shades of yellow with an admixture of fresh green ... Such a combination of colors, and a feeling of flight and freedom. Kachintsy are wonderful people, open and sincere. Everyone from young to old smiled at our children, treated them to sweets, showed them pet parrots (in the house with lions). St. George ribbons were seen on many cars and even baby carriages. On one sea dacha - the Russian flag! We spent 41,500 for accommodation, 43,000 for tickets, 40,000 for all expenses there. They didn't deny themselves anything. We tried three types of champagne produced by Zolotaya Balka, and I would especially like to mention Balaklava champagne.
The village of Kacha is located 23 km from Sevastopol on the coast between Sevastopol and Nikolaevka.
Kacha (Crimean-Tat. - "dam") - a river, 69 km long, originates at the foot of the Roman-Kosh mountain.
In 1910, the first military pilot school in Russia was opened in Sevastopol.
The airfield was located on the Kulikovo field not far from the Panorama "Defense of Sevastopol".
Then the aviation school was transferred to the area of the river. Kacha.
Many famous pilots studied at the Kachin Aviation School.
At present, the Kachin settlement council administratively includes the following settlements: Vishnevoe, Osipenko, Polyushko, Orlovka, the settlements of Solnechny and Andreevka.
Kacha is a small village located on the Black Sea coast.
The coastline is steep. You can go down to the sea along stone stairs, or along nature trails.
Water in Kacha from artesian wells is inferior in quality only to mountain water.
The beaches are excellent, unlimited in length and for all tastes: sand,
and pebbles, and for scuba diving, for children and adults.
The width of the Kachinsky beach is about 20-30 meters, and in length both to the left and to the right for many kilometers. In some places, streams of cold drinking water break out right from their cliff.
There are no problems with housing in Kach. Boarding houses, mini-hotels, sea dachas, the private sector, housing for rent in almost every house.
On the territory of the village of Kacha there is a supermarket "Cardinal", branches of "Privatbank" and "Oshchadbank" with ATMs, three markets, shops, pharmacies, bars, cafes, tour bureaus, slot machines, billiard rooms.
Three kilometers from Kacha is the Star Coast, where a youth festival is held.
Kacha consists of two parts. One part is private houses, and the other is a Russian military garrison.
Kacha is the birthplace of Russian naval aviation. Now a Russian military town. Entrance to the territory is free. It is easy to get to Sevastopol, Simferopol, Evpatoria and Saki. Nearby are Bakhchisaray and the cave cities of the Crimean Mountains, the Grand Canyon, the "bath of youth".
From Kacha to Sevastopol and back can be easily reached in twenty minutes on the "minibuses" that run every 15 minutes
In 1910, the first military pilot school in Russia was opened in Sevastopol. In 1912, she was transferred to the area of the Kacha River, where an urban-type settlement grew up on the site of the farm. On 8 (21) November, in the presence of His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, the laying and consecration of the permanent buildings of the aviation officer school was carried out. In one of the rooms, the house church of St. Archangel Michael. Hero of the Soviet Union A. Pokryshkin, the famous polar pilot Hero of the Soviet Union G. Baidukov, Hero of the Soviet Union P. Osipenko, who made a non-stop flight Sevastopol - Ochakov and Sevastopol - Arkhangelsk in 1938, son of I. Stalin - Vasily . At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a fighter aviation regiment was formed from the instructor pilots of the aviation school. The aviation school itself was relocated beyond the Volga.
On November 7-9, 1910, by rail under the command of Lieutenant Colonel S. I. Odintsov (captain of the second rank Vogel did not want to go to the Crimea), the entire assigned staff of the flight school and the planes arrived in Sevastopol. It should be clarified that the state school was formed in Petrograd-Gatchina, and the start of flights was in Sevastopol. The school management had no aviation training, which affected further work. An unpaved area was chosen for the airfield 3 km north of Sevastopol on the territory of the camp of the 13th Infantry Division, on the so-called Kulikovo field, which was small in size, located in a narrow hollow intersected by the Balaklava highway, closed by houses and telegraph wires on high poles on one side , on the other hand, rested against a large ridge of coastal hills. From three sides buildings approached it, from the fourth - a deep ravine, which made air approaches cramped.
Later it was confirmed that the location of the airfield was chosen extremely unsuccessfully. It was the first airfield of the Black Sea Fleet, from which the only land-based airplane "Antoinette" took off, controlled by a certified pilot, head of the fleet's aeronautical fleet, Lieutenant S. F. Dorozhinsky. Temporary buildings were hastily built at the airfield by soldiers and sailors: hangars made of planks for 6 aircraft and framed canvas, two masts for determining the direction of the wind and signaling with pilots, a collapsible school assembly building, and one aircraft box was adapted for an officer's canteen.
At a meeting of the Department of the Air Fleet on November 18, 1910, Lieutenant Colonel Makutin reported on the readiness of the airfield base for flights. The grand opening of the school took place on November 24, 1910, after which regular flights began and the development of the airfield continued. Only temporary premises were built, made of wood, hoping to return to Gatchina. To provide personnel, maintenance, repair and storage of aircraft, separate wooden workshop buildings were built: a carpentry, assembly, blacksmith, engine, a car repair hangar, a pantry, a concrete cellar for storing gasoline, etc. - a total of 19 buildings, a wooden fence airfield. The flight officers were housed in the wing of the local landowner, and the soldiers and sailors in the adapted summer cinema-illusion. Before the First World War, the training programs for Russian pilots expanded and became more complex, the number of accountants and aircraft with improved combat and takeoff and landing qualities increased, requiring a better airfield. The weather and climatic conditions of the Crimea and the increase in the number of aircraft (more than 40) ensured the training of pilots according to expanded programs. A special commission headed by Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and the participation of the Russian ace, chief pilot of the school M. Efimov picked up a flat piece of land suitable for an airfield, taking into account the development of flight work in the future, 20 versts north of Sevastopol, six versts from the small Crimean river Kacha , near the Tatar village Mamashai, on the Black Sea coast. The Grand Duke approved and approved this choice. At the same time, the Chairman of the Third State Duma, industrialist A.P. Guchkov visited the Sevastopol school. Having flown on the school airplane, although with an emergency landing, he gave a dinner in honor of the military pilots of the Russian Air Fleet. He left for St. Petersburg, where he convinced his Duma colleagues and the Duma allocated 1,050,000 rubles for the arrangement of the first flight school.
With the money allocated by the Duma. Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich bought the above-mentioned plot of land with an area of 657 acres 550 fathoms with sides of an almost regular square of 1200 - 1500 fathoms, on which the Alexander-Mikhailovsky camp was formed (named after the chief of aviation of Russia, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich). Twenty acres were donated to the school by a wealthy neighbor - a landowner, after which the airfield had a total area of 677 acres 550 sazhens. The new head of the school, Lieutenant Colonel Muruzi, without waiting for the construction of capital buildings at the new airfield, ordered to set up a camp, put up camp tents for people, frame - collapsible canvas hangars for aircraft, and from March 1, 1912, begin theoretical and flight training, under an agreement, with a special course - 27 students for naval aviation.
To ensure flight safety, on his orders, the airfield is marked: a white circle and straight start lines (take-off and landing) are drawn in the center, a wooden fence is being built around the airfield, passage and passage is allowed only through the barrier. On flights, medical support was provided by a paramedic, on a sanitary gig, firefighting - by firefighters with a hand pump and fire extinguishers installed on an adapted wagon, and later, on special vehicles purchased abroad.
Accounts for flights were transported by two trucks of foreign manufacture, with a capacity of 11 people each drinking, etc. Rest and preservation of the health of the students and all personnel participating in intense training flights, directly at the start, was given constant care by the senior doctor of the school, military physician Solovyov. At the Kulikovo field airfield, without stopping flights, temporary wooden buildings and framed and collapsible canvas hangars were dismantled, transported and installed in the camp. These works were supervised and did an excellent job by the hard-working, enterprising junior officer of the engineer battalion Viktor Sokolov, a future graduate of the school in 1912.
In 1911, pilot instructors of the Sevastopol flying and Gatchina aeronautic schools as part of a combined squadron participated in maneuvers of the Petrograd, Warsaw and Kiev military districts, where they practiced in the field: the selection and preparation of field airfields (sites) and the placement of aircraft in the airfields installed in the field. collapsible hangars and without them, provision of ammunition and repair material, repair and preparation for flights outside the capital workshops, transportation of disassembled aircraft on special trailers - carts by cars and horses, and on railway platforms, methods of their safe fastening, placement and organization life and food for pilots and all personnel of the combined detachment.
Participation in the maneuvers by the command was rated as brilliant. On the day of the second anniversary of the school - November 21, 1912, the planned foundations of permanent capital buildings, approved by Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, are solemnly consecrated. By the autumn of 1913, the firm of chamberlain Gordinsky built the building from brick and stone-shell blocks. There is no need to talk about quality, not damaged by the war, they serve aviators now. The collection "Russian Navy and Air Fleet", published in 1913, shows the constructed buildings. In the airfield area: 10 aircraft hangars, two gasoline depots, workshop, biological station, signal masts. In the barracks - residential area, on the seashore, built: a garage, a workshop, a fire wagon, a shed for fuel, a laundry bath, two kitchens - dining rooms, three two-story barracks for soldiers, a room for a variable composition (accounts), a glacier, an office, okolotok, a power plant for two units, a pumping station, a water tower, a room for officers to rest - a billiard room. There was a staircase for descending to the sea, and a beautiful gazebo on the steep seashore. In this zone, a fruit and ornamental garden has been planted, where alleys with a hard shell coating are equipped, flower beds are laid out on which flowers were grown. Inside the town there are roads and sidewalks with concrete-asphalt and tile coating, electric lighting. Later, a capital two-story main building with a tower and a medical unit were built.
For the training of pilots in accordance with the requirements of the world war in 1915. the school is expanding and reorganized into three departments based on permanent unpaved airfields: - the first - mixed fighters and bombers at the main airfield on the river. Kache; - the second - at the Belbek airfield (eight kilometers south of Kacha, halfway to Sevastopol) in the valley of the Crimean river Belbek.
The airfield, after the completion of the preparatory work by the airfield team, had a good level ground, good air approaches, vegetation with a stable root system met the safety of flights on Moran light airplanes; - the third - five kilometers south of Simferopol on the left side near the railway Simferopol-Sevastopol. The airfield was a long and wide strip that did not have any capital structures on the left eastern side - obstacles and landmarks.
The preparation of unpaved runways was carried out by the airfield team of the school, and the safety of flights on the Farman heavy airplane was ensured. At both airfields, the personnel lived in camp tents. For services and aircraft, temporary wooden buildings and prefabricated frame-tarpaulin hangars were built. The MTO of the school at these airfields contained special teams for providing living conditions and airfield technical support for flights. At that time, the school had about 120 foreign aircraft of 16 different types and models, including new ones: "Spud", "Blerio", "Moran-Parasal", Sopwith, "Farman-XX" and others.
During the war, capital buildings were built at the school at the Kachin airfield: a garage, a medical unit, a house for apartments. From the day of the development of the airfield near the Kacha River and until the Great October Revolution, in the residential and airfield zones, the Kulikovo field airfield was transported and built again: temporary buildings - 19 and 48 capital brick and stone objects.
In 1916 the school comprehensively provided for the release of 228 pilots who actively defended their homeland - Russia from the enemy, using machine guns mounted on aircraft in air combat, bombed enemy targets and began to use a new type of weapon against cavalry and infantry - steel arrows (metal rods, pointed on the one hand, on the other - dissected cruciformly, 10 cm long, weighing 16 g.). Such arrows were used by the French and the British.
Our pilots used arrows (lead flying bullets and bullets for pneumatics) designed by engineer V. A. Slesarev, drop-shaped with a tin stabilizer four times larger than a normal bullet (weight 30 g), capable of penetrating a 150 mm thick wood block, and hitting the rider's head could hit his horse through and through, as it had better aerodynamic properties and greater penetrating power. Bullets-arrows were packed in cardboard and wooden boxes of 500-1000 pieces, loaded two by two into the plane, and at the right time the pilot poured them into the air onto the column.
The First World War prevented the further development of the school. The relocation of the school, by order of General Denikin, to Ust-Labinsk, in the Kuban, negatively affected the state of the school. The remaining capital-immovable base of the school without supervision was again subjected to a three-month looting by the red partisans and marauders. In Ust-Labinsk, the school is reduced to a rifle company, participates in repelling the Red Army raids on the Kuban. When the Crimea was again occupied by the troops of the Volunteer Army, the school returned to Kacha.
General Wrangel, who took command of the White Army, and the leadership of the White Aviation were unable to organize the training of pilots for their units. In the pre-revolutionary period, the school mastered flights, material and airfield technical support for flight work, repair and restoration of 10 main types (28 modifications) of foreign aircraft: Blériot, Nieuport, Moran, Sapwich, Sommer, Antoinette, Spud, Avro -504. and others. A large number of wood-fabric types and modifications of foreign aircraft required the supply authorities to purchase in a timely manner and always have a stock of repair materials, and the repair authorities to use them purposefully.
More than 15 varieties and names were used for the repair of airplanes in the workshops of the school of special wood: pine, ash, spruce, poplar, birch, beech, oak, walnut, American spruce, tulip tree octopus, etc. - without knots and all kinds of bundles. Birch veneer and 3-5 ply plywood are used for sheathing. Propeller blades were made from boards no more than 30 mm thick without warping, knots, delamination of walnut, maple, American spruce. Mild steel was used; sheet, pipes, rod, ordinary and piano wire, heat-treated springs. A sheet, a tube rod of non-ferrous metals were used: aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, duralumin for the manufacture of tanks and pipelines of the petrol oil system, and tin, zinc, nickel were used to cover ferrous metals. Fabrics were widely used: cotton, linen, more percale, unbleached linen, canvas No. 1 - 8, silk, which, when wet up to 30%, lost strength due to which it was necessary to make coatings in 4 - 5 layers, increasing the weight of the aircraft, rubberized fabrics are very heavy, form irregularities during flight (VOISIN aircraft) and also, parchment paper, covered with alcohol copal varnish ("BLERIO-VITI, IX").
For gluing fabrics, glue was used: carpentry, casein, Kostovich's glue-cement, which did not dissolve in hot and cold water and other liquids. To protect against dampness, fabric surfaces glued to the airplane were covered with: starch (paste), varnishes - copal, cellon (a mixture of celluloid in acetone and amyl acetic salt), enamel. For the repair of aircraft seats, felt, braid, silk tow, leather were used. Restoration of protective visors was carried out using: mirror glass, celluloid, triplex glass and many more different materials. The workshops of the school were replenished with new progressive equipment: lathes, electric scissors, hand-held electric drills with a voltage of 220 V, spray guns | for painting on wood, metal and fabrics, electric arc and | contact (butt and spot), oxy-acetylene welding, certain fixtures and templates. On November 15, 1920, the Bolsheviks took the Crimea. Part of the school personnel left with Wrangel, the rest began to revive the school, on the basis of which the training school of the Southern Front is being created. In May 1921, the Sevastopol flight school was reorganized into a department of flight school No. 1, which was based in the city of Zaraysk, Ryazan region.
In March 1922, Sevastopol (a branch of flight school No. 1) and Gatchina (school No. 1) were merged into one school. Flight school No. 1 was relocated to the Crimea to Kacha for three months by 15 trains and transports. The Sevastopol school had 57 different types of foreign aircraft and 74 registrations.
Later, in March 1932, the Kiev district pilot school joins the Kachin flight school with all the personnel and material resources. Small, but an increase in the expansion of Kacha.
The restoration of buildings and systems destroyed by wars began. Particularly intensive and extensive work was carried out in 1923-1936, when 26 capital facilities were built. In the barracks-residential area: 14 houses with stove heating for 28 apartments, three houses with central heating for 144 apartments, two hostels (barracks) for enlisted personnel for 200 beds, two hostels for cadets for 250 beds, the House of the Red Army for 825 places , garage for 8 boxes (24 cars). In the airfield area: airfield control building for 36 rooms, hangars No. 8 No. 9. Much attention was paid to landscaping and landscaping, maintenance of buildings, planting flowers, maintaining cleanliness and order all year round.
Continuing the training of pilots in Soviet times on new foreign aircraft Moran-Parasol, Avro - 504, De Hovelant, Martinside - the school since 1926 begins to receive wooden-percale, wooden-metal-percale, all-metal (made of light alloys) domestic aircraft: R-1sp, U-2, DN-9, and since 1941 R-5, I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-15 twin, I-15 bis, I -16.I-153, M-2, M-5, U-1 avro, MIG-1, UT-2. Aircraft designed and built by the Kachins were also mastered: Dybovsky - a streamlined Dolphin monoplane, Pisarevsky - a single-engine PIS-1, Gribovsky - a G-9 glider. Preparation for airfield flights was reduced to leveling the ground of the airfield, mowing and cleaning grass, eliminating molehills and ground squirrels, filling aircraft tanks with fuel and aviation oil from a bucket through a funnel with a suede filter, charging with compressed air from an airfield cylinder through a hose, laying a tape with cartridges ( shells) to the aircraft magazine for ammunition. Mechanized means of refueling and charging aircraft did not yet exist.
In 1924, the school received domestic trucks: AMO-F-15, Ya-3, YaG-4, later: AMO-3, GAZ-AA, ZIS-5, since 1933 - off-road: GAZ-AAA, ZIS-6. Since 1936, domestic wheeled tractors have been supplied: KhTZ, STZ, ChTZ, after 1937 caterpillar tractors: SHTZ-NATI, S-65 with a 75 hp engine. Since 1930, the school has received small oil-water heaters designed by engineer Goncharov - "potters", catalytic furnaces - engine heaters, water-and-oil tankers (VMZ) and gas tankers (BZ) mounted on cars with a pump for pumping oil, water, fuel with a filter to separate mechanical impurities and water, an auto starter for starting aircraft engines, oxygen charging stations (AKZS-15), compressor stations (AKS-2), manual oxygen pumps, etc. , fighters - 410 and 267 different aircraft.
New subdivisions are being introduced into the MTO of the school: projectors, anti-aircraft machine gun installations ZPU-4, airfield maintenance.
Since January 1936, it was determined by the report cards to the school staff to have cars: cars - 9, trucks - 45, special -56, motorcycles - 4, tractors -13, horses - 50, wagons, double and single, - 20. The pace of training pilots, especially during the approach of the Second World War, they demanded the expansion of the airfield network of the school. The command of the school not far from the main airfield on Kacha (No. 1) selects unpaved areas on which flights were supported by teams specially allocated from the MTO of the school with material and airfield technical means, arriving in advance to prepare the airfield, deploy launch equipment, square equipment. These airfield sites were: No. 2 - in the Mamashai Valley, 12 km from the main airfield, a site measuring 1500X900m, where the U-2, UT-2 flew, performed parachute jumps. No. 3 - east of the main airfield measuring 800X800m, where they flew in the summer on U-2, UT-2 aircraft and performed parachute jumps. No. 4 - Alma-Tomak on the bank of the river with the same name, 22 km north of Kachi, size 1500x900m, calm ground, stable vegetation, but dust formed in hot and windy weather.
They flew on the U-2, I-16. No. 5 - Nikolaevka site, 23 km north of Kacha, it was flown by U-2, I-16. The soil is dense, even, the vegetation cover is stable, the size of the site is 1000x1000m. All temporary camp sites-airfields had good air approaches, roads passable in dry weather and difficult to pass during rain. At the camp airfields, signal towers and wooden shelters were equipped for training during breaks between shifts and departures. With the receipt of new domestic aircraft, the amount of work to prepare the airfields increased. Based on the takeoff and landing characteristics of our aircraft, it was necessary to lengthen the runway and the territory adjacent to it so that in the event of an aircraft overrunning the runway, the aircraft on uneven ground would not suffer breakage. Areas for training in taxiing an aircraft on the ground were expanded. Also, the previously performed work remained: leveling and compacting the resulting bumps from driving cars and carts after rain, cleaning foreign objects, mowing and cleaning grass, destroying mole and ground squirrel holes, etc.
In the spring of 1941, test flights of the newest Soviet fighter MIG-1, conducted at the main airfield, under the guidance of aircraft designer A.I. Mikoyan, were successfully comprehensively provided. The personnel showed high proficiency in the operation of the new equipment being tested and the implementation of airfield technical and material support for flights. In 1940, the results of the school's work were summed up twice.
On August 17, on the occasion of the 8th anniversary of Aviation Day, there were 39 people in the presidium of the meeting, leaders, guests, excellent students of combat and political training, and among them the chef of the flight cadet canteen - Isaev Matvey Yakovlevich. Celebrating the 30th anniversary of the school, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko ordered No. 406 of November 11, 1940. rewarded the chief of logistics, Lieutenant Colonel Gorinov Vasily Petrovich with a gold watch, quartermaster 2nd rank Prikhodko Stepan Fedorovich with a valuable gift, school chef Isaev Matvey Yakovlevich, senior laundress Efanova Nadezhda Mikhailovna and watchman of aircraft workshops Khalturin Fedor Fedorovich with a monthly salary of maintenance.
During the 30 years of activity of the school in the Crimea, 11 types (31 modifications) of foreign aircraft, 12 types (13 models) of domestic aircraft and two aircraft designed by Kachintsy, manufactured in aircraft workshops of the school , a total of 25 types (44 models) and one airframe.
These aircraft provided training in 1911-1916 - 609 pilots (376 officers and 233 soldiers). In 1921-1940, 5694 fighter pilots were trained mainly on domestic aircraft with improved flight-tactical and take-off and landing qualities, and a total of 6303 pilots were trained in the Crimea. During the period of two revolutions, foreign intervention and the White Army (1917-1920), in essence, the school for the training of pilots did not work.
The training of pilots was carried out only at unpaved airfields, conditionally dividing them: four permanent (Kulikovo field, Kachinsky No. 1, Simferopol, Belbek) and four temporary (camp) ones: No. -Tomak, No. 5 - Nikolaevka. There were no airfields with artificial runways, and Kulikovo Pole, No. 3 and No. 5 were completely unpromising in expanding the future airfield network of the school. Preparation of runways, training grounds for aircraft taxiing, parking areas, preparation of aircraft for flights and their repair, provision of pre-flight preparation and flights, household support, taking into account a specific basing, were carried out when flying on foreign and domestic piston aircraft by sufficiently trained specialists of the authorities supply and repair of the MTO of the school.
The number of specialists and specialties has significantly increased after the transition to providing flights on domestic aircraft, which are more complex in design and operation, requiring complex and reliable ground service vehicles. Calculations and practical activities have shown that for the competent use of special vehicles providing training and flights of domestic aircraft, it was required that drivers know and be able to use at least 16 types of special vehicles (AKZS, BZ, VMZ, auto starter, etc.), tractor drivers - more than three types of tractors .
For carrying out repairs, routine maintenance, specialists are required: a car mechanic, a tractor mechanic, an autotractor electrician, a turner, an accumulator, a vulcanizer, an electric and gas welder, etc., in total - 28 specialties. In the airfield service: specialists in trailed airfield equipment (rollers, smooth and spiked), trowels, shovels, cones, plows, toothed harrows, hay mowers and horse and tractor rakes, frame worker, joiner - carpenter, electric and gas welder, etc. - a total of 25 specialists . Services that directly provide flights: a fuel and lubricants laboratory assistant, a firefighter, a compressor engineer, an oxygen charging station mechanic, a battery charging station mechanic, a weather observer, a searchlight operator, a radio operator of a starting radio station, a paramedic (medical nurse), at least 9 specialties in total.
The number of specialties in household services is also increasing, a residential building has been put into operation - service personnel and relevant specialists are immediately required. They constantly need to be trained, trained and trained. On the Crimean land, the Kachin aviation school was the country's foremost in organizing flight training, life, material and airfield technical support for flights, and maintaining the military economy. However, the Nazi invasion on June 22, 1941 negatively affected and slowed down the activities of the school in many respects, which was transferred to the harsh material and climatic conditions at the Krasnokutsky air hub in the Saratov region.
It owes its appearance to the foundation of the first aviation school in Tsarist Russia. The whole history of the village is connected with the history of the development of domestic aviation.
In 1910, at the initiative of the Grand Duke Alexander Romanov, the first school of military pilots in the Russian Empire was opened with funds from voluntary donations from citizens. On November 24, 1910, it was opened at the Kulikovo Pole airfield near the city of Sevastopol. At that time, the school had 8 aircraft: 2 Farman-IV biplanes, 3 Blériot-XI monoplanes, 1 Sommer biplane and 2 Antoinette monoplanes. Engine power ranged from 40 to 50 horsepower, and the speed barely reached 70 km/h.
Soon the airfield on the Kulikovo field became cramped, new aircraft appeared. A suitable field for a flight school was found 12 versts from Sevastopol near the valley of the Kacha River near the village of Mamashai (Orlovka). On November 21, 1912, the aviation school was transferred from the Kulikovo field to the mouth of the Kacha river, and the village of Kacha began to grow near the school on the site of the Alexander-Mikhailovsky farm. This date is considered the day the settlement was founded.
The only school at that time had aircraft workshops, brick hangars for 100 aircraft, and a large field airfield. The aviation school trained 150–200 pilots a year.
Facts testify to successes in the training of domestic flight personnel. For example, graduates of the Kachnian aviation school developed the world's first instruction on the combat use of aviation. They were the first to use airplanes for photographic reconnaissance, fly by sea, and performed new aerobatics maneuvers - "corkscrew" and "dead loop".
The flying school was located in the village until 1441. Many famous pilots came out of its walls, including A. I. Pokryshkin, P. D. Osipenko, G. F. Baidukov, B. F. Safonov and many others. In June 1941, the Kachinskaya school was evacuated to Krasny Kut, Saratov Region. In 1945, it was renamed into a school with a location in the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd).
During the Great Patriotic War, the village was in the zone of active hostilities. Black Sea aviators smashed the invaders in the skies of the Crimea and Kuban, Romania and Czechoslovakia. Their names are among the Chelyuskin rescuers, defenders of Spain and Khalkhin Gol, conquerors of world records for distance and flight altitude. From the first days of the war, the 8th Fighter Aviation Regiment, which since April 1942 has been called the 6th Guards, has been based on Kutch. In 1944, this regiment was named as the Guards Fighter Twice Red Banner Sevastopol Aviation Regiment.
After the Great Patriotic War, from 1947 to 1960, the 4th Fighter Aviation Division was based on Kutch. In May 1960, the 872nd Aviation Regiment was relocated to Kacha from the Khersones airfield. And since the autumn of 1960, a separate transport regiment has been based here on Kutch. These two main aviation units, as well as support units, are based at the Kacha airfield at the present time.
155 residents of Kacha fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, 115 of them were awarded orders and medals, 41 died a heroic death.
Pilots M. Efimov, M. Komarov, E. Rudnev, M. Zelensky, G. Piotrovsky, corkscrew conqueror K. Arneulov and others, well-known during the years of development of domestic aviation, were instructors at the school.
Kacha was visited in 1914 by the master of the "dead loop" Pyotr Nikolaevich Nesterov.
Among the graduates of the Kachin Pilot School there are air marshals, more than 170 generals. Heroes of the Soviet Union: three times - Alexander Pokryshkin, twice - 12 people and 284 - Heroes of the Soviet Union.
A residential town grew up near the airfield. Headquarters, service DOSs (houses for officers), barracks and housing in the private sector appeared.
The names of the shady streets of the village contain a heroic chronicle of the origin and development of aviation in the USSR: the embankment named after Valery Chkalov, the streets of Pyotr Nesterov, Nikolai Gastello, Marina Raskova,. Valentina Grizodubova, Polina Osipenko, Ivan Kozhedub, Alexander Pokryshkin.
The monuments and the Alley of Heroes immortalize the names of aviators who dedicated themselves to the sky, who gave their lives in the fight against enemies.
History of Crimean airfields
The first airfields in the Crimea appeared before the First World War. And then these structures, mainly for military purposes, began to multiply like mushrooms. This was facilitated by the favorable weather conditions of the Crimea and its geographical position. By the Great Patriotic War, there were already several dozen of them, the Crimea was even called the "unsinkable aircraft carrier." After the war, the development of aviation required long concrete runways. This forced to reduce the number of airfields, but to increase their size. Passenger air transportation has become massive. Among the passengers were the leaders of the USSR, which favorably influenced the development of the airfield facilities. Moreover, an alternate landing strip for the Buran reusable spacecraft was built in Crimea. With the transition under the jurisdiction of Ukraine, the Crimean airspace was largely empty, and a number of “berths” were also abandoned.
What is now left of the former splendor?
1. Belbek Airport.
2. Airfield Kacha.
3. The airfield "Southern" on Chersonese.
4. Airfield Nitka.
5. Evpatoria airfield.
6. Donuzlav airfield.
7. Simferopol airport.
8. Gvardeyskoye airfield.
9. Oktyabrskoye airfield.
10. Veseloye airfield.
11. Dzhankoy airfield.
12. Karagoz airfield.
13. Airfield "Severny" - Kirovskoye.
14. Airfield Bagerovo.
15. Kerch Airport.
16. Airfield "Zavodskoye"
17. Heliports beyond Primorsky.
There was also a large military airfield near the Crimea in Genichesk. Now its runway was dismantled into concrete slabs. Of these, in particular, the road from Genichesk to Strelkovy was made on the territory geographically belonging to the Crimea.
Note that the Black Sea Fleet of Russia owns only two airfields, in Kacha and Guards. And passenger traffic is handled by the main Simferopol and sometimes Belbek.
Once upon a time there was a small airfield even on Ai-Petri in the "balls" area, from the 50s to the mid-70s. But right now, nothing is flying there.
By the way, in Soviet times in the Crimea there were unpaved civil airfields for local transportation and agricultural aviation in Nizhnegorsky, Kerch, Lenino, Zolotoy Pole, Kirovsky, Sovetsky, Razdolny, Mezhvodny and even in Sudak. They were loudly referred to as "airports". Most of them flew on the AN-2 with passengers to Simferopol at the Zavodskoye airfield. A ticket for the AN-2 (capacity 12 passengers) from Nizhnegorsky to Simferopol cost 3 rubles in the 80s. And to the deserted beach on the Arabat Spit - 2 rubles. As much as 5 liters of AI-93 gasoline, lunch in a cheap canteen and less than a quarter of vodka ... They say there was even an airfield on the Tuzla Spit, from where passenger flights to Kerch were operated. For a short time in the 60s there was a "helicopter taxi" from Simferopol to Yalta to the helipad. This site is clearly visible from the Yalta bypass and is intact even now.
Aerodrome OktyabrskoeThe name of the railway station is Elevatornaya; the airfield of the 1st category, the runway and taxiway were overhauled in the late 70s, after which it became possible to receive aircraft of any type at this airfield without a weight limit for aircraft, up to the Buran. 943 MCI was a member of the 2nd MRAD: 3 "fraternal" regiments of the division were based on the ace of the Guards - there is also the division control, a.s. Merry, a.s. October. 943 MRAP was the first in the USSR Navy Aviation to retrain and begin to operate the TU-22 M2.3. The last military pilot in the Soviet Union who was awarded the title "Honored Military Pilot of the USSR" was the commander of this regiment. The regiment was disbanded in 1996.
Gvardeyskoye airfield - Sarabuz
Sarabuz is a small railway station - a fork in 18 km from Simferopol. One branch of the road leads straight to the north, to Dzhankoy and further - to Perekop, and the second - to Saki and Evpatoria, the largest medical center in Crimea. Almost at the fork itself, on a large hill, there were two villages - Spat and Shunuk. In one lived the German Mennonites, who moved here under Catherine, and in the other lived mostly Russians. On the outskirts, on the rocky slopes, Tatar houses stuck. Right next to it is a large airfield, where the roar of engines of the then latest I-15, I-16 fighters and high-speed twin-engine SB bombers did not stop day or night. They swept over the houses with a deafening roar, as if trying to kill the nationalistic passions that were boiling in them. And they were serious…….
By the end of 05/07/1942, Soviet air reconnaissance discovered up to a hundred enemy aircraft at the Sarabuz airfield. 103 cap (15 var) was ordered to inflict a bombing and assault strike on it. The task ahead was difficult: from your Bagerovo airfield, you had to fly to the maximum radius of action of the "silts", which did not allow any deviation from the course; most of the way passed over the territory occupied by the enemy; half of the route is over the sea, and this greatly hampered piloting and orientation. To catch everything at the airfield, you have to take off in the dark.
The regiment commander P.I. Mironenko decided to lead this sortie. Before dawn on May 8, 10 heavily loaded Il-2s took off. A.P. Bukhanov was the deputy commander, S. Popov led the second five. The entire route the commander was at extremely low altitude. Flying up to the target, Mironenko "slide" gained altitude. The pilots saw about 80 bombers at the start, standing wing to wing with running engines, ready to take off. But none of them managed to get up.
Lieutenant G.D. Ugolnikov did not return from the mission, he was shot down right above the airfield. But his comrades paid for his death in full: the next day, partisan intelligence reported that 38 bombers and 41 German pilots had been destroyed.
Aerodrome Yuzhny
The Yuzhny airfield is located on Cape Khersones. Military and apparently secret object, there is practically no information about it
Belbek airfield
Belbek International Airport serves the city of Sevastopol and other cities of Crimea. It was created on the basis of the military airfield of the same name. The airport is named after the Belbek River, which flows in the south-west of Crimea. It is located on the seashore, on the northern side of Sevastopol.
The airfield arose in June 1941, after the start of the war, it housed a military fighter aviation regiment. Initially unpaved, after the war it received a concrete runway, but remained exclusively a military fighter airfield. In the second half of the 1980s, after M.S. Gorbachev came to power, the runway was significantly enlarged and improved, since he used the airfield when traveling to the presidential dacha in Foros. It was this that subsequently allowed the use of the airfield for civilian purposes.
In December 2002, the airport received a license for international air transportation.
From 2002 to 2007, about 4 thousand flights were carried out, about 50 thousand passengers were transported. In 2007, civil aircraft flights at the airfield were temporarily suspended due to the refusal of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine to extend the agreement on the joint use of the airfield.
In the spring of 2010, the Sevastopol city administration announced the resumption of the airport's operation. On May 30, 2010, the grand opening of Belbek took place.
The military use of the airfield continues to this day; a fighter aviation regiment is based on it. In the 1990s Su-15TM aircraft have been replaced by Su-27s, and are currently used mainly by MIG-29s, it is also possible to rent a private aircraft.
Belbek Airport has a 3007 × 48 m class B runway, designed to receive aircraft of all types. The maximum takeoff weight of an aircraft is unlimited. The classification number of the coating is 34/R/A/X/T. The magnetic landing heading is 065/245. Lighting equipment - "Luch-2MU".
The airport is located 2.5 kilometers from the transport interchange "Simferopol - Sevastopol / Yalta - airport" Belbek "", near the village of Fruit, on the territorial bulk of the Nakhimovsky district. The distance to the southern part of Sevastopol is 25 kilometers, to Zakharov Square (the main square of the North Side) - 9 kilometers, to Simferopol - 50 kilometers, to Yalta - 95 kilometers.
Kacha is rightfully considered the cradle of Russian aviation, it was here at the beginning of the 20th century that the first Russian Aviation School for Pilots was located. The creation of the school has its own extraordinary history.
In 1905, Russia was defeated in the Russo-Japanese War, its fleet was defeated, and funds were needed to restore it. At the request of the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, curator of the fleet, and with the approval of the king, the collection of voluntary donations beganPeople responded and in a short time the necessary amount was collected. So the Russian Navy was restored.
For the remaining money, and this is 900,000 gold rubles, on the orders of Nicholas 2, the first monoplanes and biplanes, the best for that time, were issued from France. There, in the schools of Farman, Blériot and Antoinette were sent to train the first Russian pilots.
So in the beginningXXcentury Sevastopol, a city by the sea, has become a runway, stretching into the sky. The school was located outside the city on the Kulikovo field, now there is General Ostryakov Avenue, where the memorial "To the courage, heroism of the Black Sea aviators" is located, opened on March 28, 1981, where it is written in gold letters:"During the years of the Great Patriotic War16 pilots of the Black Sea region made 18 air rams,61 pilots and navigators were awarded the titleHero of the Soviet Union"
November 24, 1910 in Sevastopol on the Kulikovo field, the opening of the first military pilot school in Russia took place, in which there were only 10 aircraft: 4 - "Farmana-4", 3 - "Blerio",2-"Antoinette", 1-"Sommer".
Subsequently, the anniversary of the school began to be celebrated not on the official day of its opening, but on November 21 - on the patronal feast of Archangel Michael, declared by the Russian Orthodox Church, the patron saint of aviation and Russian pilots.
Efimov Mikhail Nikiforovich - the first Russian pilot (1881-1919). From peasants. In 1910 he graduated from the Farman flight school with a diploma№ 31. Since 1910 he was a senior instructor at the Sevastopol Aviation School. Here for the first time he performed the elements of aerobatics - turn, dive, spiral, gliding with the engines turned off. In 1911 he tested the world's first backpack parachute. During World War I he was a fighter pilot. For heroism he was awarded 4 St. George's crosses and the rank of ensign.
The first heads of the Sevastopol Aviation School were:
Kedrin V.N. captain 1st rank since 1910 to 1911
Odintsov S.I. Colonel of the General Staff since 1911. to 1912
Prince Muruzi A.A. lieutenant colonel of the General Staff since 1912. to 1916
On October 26, 1911, in the Livadia Palace, Nikolai 2 received pilots of the first graduation of the Sevastopol school in the amount of 24 people and presented them with diplomas of graduation from the flight school. Together with the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, the Tsar congratulated each graduate.
Soon the airfield on the Kulikovo field became cramped, new aircraft appeared. A suitable field for a flight school was found 12 versts from Sevastopol near the valley of the Kacha River near the village of Mamashai (Orlovka). The choice of location was approved by the highest ranks of the Russian military department.
In 1914, a plane landed at the airfield of the Kachinskaya school, piloted by a Russian pilot, the author of the "dead loop" - Nesterov P.N. During the First World War, pilots, developing the Nesterov school of figure flying, mastered the so-called "corkscrew".
Between 1910 and 1917, 609 pilots were trained.
After the Great October Revolution of 1917, the entire staff of the school goes over to the side of the Soviet government and successfully participates in the fight against the counter-revolution in the Crimea. In 1917, the Bureau of the Commissariat of Aviation and Aeronautics was created under the Military Revolutionary Committee.
In 1921, the squadrons, from which the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet was created, took an active part in the defeat of the White Guards and foreign invaders.
Remarkable pilots emerged from the walls of the Kachinsk flight school: Stepanchenko V.A., Yumashev A.B., who in 1929 broke all world records for altitude, range and flight duration. In 1936, the crew of the ANT-25 aircraft, consisting of Chkalov V.P. and two pupils of the Kachinsky School Baidukov G.F. and Belyakova A.V. made his unparalleled flight from Moscow to Udd Island, having been continuously in the air for more than 60 hours and flying more than 10,000 km without landing. And soon the same crew surprised the world with a new feat, having completed a non-stop flight from Moscow to the USA in 63 hours.
All of mankind applauded the record of Soviet women - pupils of the Kachinskaya school: P. Osipenko and V. Lomako, who, together with the navigator N. Raskova, made a non-stop flight from Sevastopol to Arkhangelsk. The first Soviet military pilot Kokorina Zinaida Petrovna graduated from school in 1924 and worked as an instructor pilot, was the head of a flight school in the city of Khabarovsk.
And in September 1938, Polina Denisovna Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova and Maria Raskova made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the Far East on the Rodina plane. P.D. Osipenko graduated from school in the 30s, one of the first women who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The authority of the school at that time was so high that the leaders of the country, starting with I.V. Stalin,sent their sons for flight training to the Kachin aviation school. It was in Kacha that the son of I.V. Stalin-Vasily, 3 sons of A.A. Mikoyan, sons of N.V. Frunze and others learned to fly.In 1935, Budyonny S.M. visited the school, and he highly appreciated the Kachin flight school.
During the creation of polar aviation, pilots and navigators were sent to its composition from the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, among them: Levanevsky, Lyapidevsky, Molokov, Doronin. On April 20, 1934, they were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as participants in the rescue of passengers and the crew of the Chelyuskin icebreaker.
In June 1941, the Kachinskaya school was evacuated to Krasny Kut, Saratov region.
In 1945, it was renamed into a school with a location in the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd).
256 graduates of the school became Heroes of the Soviet Union, 150 - generals, 7 - marshals and 2 - chief air marshals, 12 graduates - twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, and Pokryshkin A.I. three times Hero of the Soviet Union. He graduated from school in 1939. He made 550 sorties, shot down 59 enemy aircraft, air marshal.
Here the pilot-cosmonauts of the USSR V.A. Shatalov and V.F. Bykovsky received a ticket to the sky.
The Great Patriotic War was a difficult test for the Soviet people and their armed forces. From the first days of the war, the 8th Fighter Aviation Regiment, which since April 1942 has been called the 6th Guards, has been based on Kutch. 2 famous aviation regiments are fighting in the battles for the Crimea- 6th Guards Fighter twice Red Banner Sevastopol Regiment and 11th Guards Fighter twice Red Banner Nicholas Regiment.
During the defense of the Crimea and Sevastopol, the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet was commanded by Major General Nikolay Alekseevich Ostryakov. During the period of his command, over 400 enemy aircraft were destroyed. April 24, 1942, during a German air raid, N.A. Ostryakov died in the line of duty. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and an avenue in the city of Sevastopol was named after him.
Voronov Vladimir Ivanovich, Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, Commander of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, fighter pilot of the 6th Guards Twice Red Banner Sevastopol Aviation Regiment, Colonel General of Aviation, retired, went from private to general. His whole life and service are connected with the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet. Here he went through a difficult path from a lieutenant to a colonel-general, from an ordinary pilot to the Commander of Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet.
At the beginning of the war, the 11th Guards Nicholas Regiment was commanded by Major Pavlov N.Z., who died heroically in battle on September 23, 1942. This regiment at the beginning of the war from the Khersones airfield covered the main base - Sevastopol. Pilots of the 11th Fighter Aviation Regiment successfully completed the assigned combat missions. On August 8, 1941, they took part in the destruction of the Chernovodsky bridge across the Danube River, an important enemy target. Many of them were awarded the Order of Lenin for this operation.
Hero of the Soviet Union, fighter pilot Lyubimov Ivan Stepanovich (later commander of the 11th air regiment, and then commander of the 4th IAD) fought fearlessly with the enemy, "Our second Maresyev," that was what his comrades called him. He flew and beat the enemy with a prosthesis instead of the foot of his left leg. Shot down 9 planes. The military garrison and the village of Lyubimovka are named after him.
A rare document from the time of the Great Patriotic War was presented to the Room of Military Glory of the Kacha garrison by the former Commander of the Naval Aviation of the Navy, Colonel General Deineka Vladimir Grigorievich. This is the Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR of August 8, 1941, signed by the People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin, in which he thanked the crews of the planes that bombed Berlin on the night of August 6-7.
A special place in the Room of Military Glory belongs to the pilots who made aerial ramming. 16 pilots - Heroes of the 6th Fighter Sevastopol Aviation Regiment and the 11th Fighter Aviation Regiment of Nikolaev made air rams, and two of them - Ivanov Ya.N. and Borisov M.A. made 2 air rams. (Borisov M.A. made 2 air rams in one sortie).
In the park on the Alley of Heroes there is a monument to the Heroes of the Soviet Union who committed aerial ramming.
"Their names and deeds will shine through the ages."
The names of the Heroes are written in gold letters: Bereshvili I.S., Borisov M.A., Volovodov B.N., Grek V.F.. Zinoviev I.K., Ivanov Ya.M., Kalinin V.A., Karasev S. S., Katrov A.I., Mukhin S.S., Ryzhov E.M., Savva N.I., Sevryukov L.I., Cherevko B.G., Chernopashchenko V.E., Shaposhnikov F.D. .
After the end of the Second World War, the regiments are disbanded.
At the beginning of 1947, the 11th Guards twice Red Banner Nicholas Fighter Regiment was relocated to Kacha. (until May 31, 1943, the former 32nd air regiment).
On October 20, 1947, by order of the Minister of the Navy, an aviation technical base of military unit 49311 was created with a base center on Kacha.
The formation of military unit 45646 (helicopter regiment) began in 1958, but the anniversary date is November 1, 1954 - the day the separate squadron of MI-4 helicopters was created. In May 1960, a helicopter regiment of military unit 45646 was relocated to Kacha from the Khersones airfield.
Since the autumn of 1960, a separate transport regiment of military unit 87381 has been based on Kacha.since 1996 reorganized into a separate mixed aviation regimentmilitary unit 49252.
In 1965, in honor of the 20th anniversary of the Victory, a park and an alley of Heroes were solemnly opened near the House of Officers, where busts of 26 Heroes of the Soviet Union of Black Sea pilots were installed. The busts were made by chefs - students of the Kyiv Art Institute. On Victory Day - May 9, flowers are laid to the Heroes of the Soviet Union.
November 21, 2012 The Kachinsky garrison will celebrate the 100th anniversary of its formation.
The Kachinsky garrison is proud of the glorious military traditions of the first aviation school of pilots, which is rightfully considered the cradle of Russian aviation!
