frozen sea
The familiar coastline was cluttered with flat, rather thick ice floes, glowing in the place of breakages with the green-blue glass of the Black Sea water; on top they were sugar-white, and one could walk on them without slipping; but it was difficult to climb from one uplifted ice floe to another; sometimes I had to sit on the raised edge of one ice floe, lowering my legs to another, or jump, resting one hand on the broken edge, which looked fragile, but in fact was as strong as granite. It was necessary to walk through this chaos for quite a long time before one’s foot set foot on a flat field of sea frozen to the very horizon. However, it was not easy to walk along this seemingly flat expanse of ice: every now and then on the way there were adhesions between individual ice floes, small hummocks and ripples of a wave suddenly captured by frost and turned into an ice floe.
All the way to the horizon, under the bright, cold sun, shining like Captain Hatteras’s mercury bullet, the untouched whiteness of the salty, coarsely frosted ice shone, and only on the very horizon was a blue-black stripe visible open sea and the silhouette of a foreign coal steamer frozen in the ice.
The ice thundered under my feet, making it clear that beneath me was a echoing, dangerous expanse of very deep water and that I was walking, as it were, along the echoing vault of a cellar, the gloomy darkness of which could be discerned beneath me in the depths.
I remember clusters of white air bubbles embedded in the ice, resembling lilies of the valley.
To the right and left, the lighthouses brightly illuminated by the January sun bulged white - one port, the other Bolshefontansky - and a small icebreaker smoking at the entrance to the Practical Harbor, reminiscent of the famous "Fram" of Fridtjof Nansen, worn down to the very masts in arctic ice, under the aurora borealis organ hanging over it. Above all this there was such a bright blue sky and there was such a high, unnatural silence and such a soft pink winter color was painted the shore of Dofinovka, impeccably clearly visible through the burning, crystal air, from which the breath spiraled and shaggy frost grew on the edges of the camel’s cap that was my head was wrapped over a school cap, so that fourteen degrees below zero according to Reaumur seemed like a temperature that was unthinkable for any living creature to withstand.
However, in the distance, moving human figures could be seen here and there on the ice field. These were townspeople taking their Sunday stroll through frozen sea, in order to take a close look at the foreign ship.
An azure shadow stretched from each person, and my shadow was especially dazzling and large, shimmering in front of me over the unevenness of the ice field and jumping over hummocks.
Finally I reached the edge of the ice, behind which, in the almost black, steaming water, stood the huge dark red hull of an Italian coal miner with a white monogram on a dirty black chimney, a monogram consisting of crossed Latin letters, which gave the steamer a strangely alluring, almost magical attractive force.
Very high on the deck stood an Italian sailor in a thick sweater, with a canvas bucket in his hand and smoking a long cheap Italian cigar with a straw at the end, and from a round hole - a Kingston from the height of a three-story building - water from the engine room continuously poured like a waterfall, leaving The old iron casing is already quite covered in ice icicles.
The Italian sailor was waving to someone, and I saw two figures moving towards the shore, who sometimes stopped and, in turn, waved to the Italian sailor. Behind them was the double azure trail of the sleds they were dragging behind them.
After walking along the edge of the ice and admiring the Italian coal miner, I headed back. The sun has already noticeably inclined to the west, beyond the city, beyond the white roofs with columns of smoke, beyond the blue dome of the city theater, beyond the monument to Duke.
The frost intensified every minute.
I mechanically walked along the long double trail of the sled and suddenly, very close to the shore, I saw on the surface of an obliquely reared ice floe with a green break some kind of inscription, deeply and coarsely carved with something sharp, perhaps the end of an iron cane from one of those that people liked to take take our artisans and factory workers along for a Sunday walk.
Maybe they made these iron canes with a round handle for themselves.
For the first time in my life, I read on an ice floe a combination of words that were not entirely clear to me:
“Proletarians of all countries, unite!”
There was something menacing and full of some secret meaning in this azure luminous phrase, which subsequently spread so widely and powerfully throughout our land.
What could this spell mean, which in an instant seemed to bring me closer to the people of all countries? - I thought with inexplicable anxiety.
Jumping from the last ice floe onto the icy stones of the shore, I saw three border soldiers in hoods and caps with green bands, climbing along sharp hummocks, heading towards the Italian steamer. The pink sun glittered on the tips of their blued tetrahedral bayonets with hollows for blood drainage.
They looked like people who were late.
What could all this mean and what did it have to do with the word “Spark”, which was carved on the last ice floe, probably with the same homemade iron cane by one of those who were carrying something on their sled, wrapped in matting.
Chapter five. Story by Kim Klinov. A squadron of minesweepers on a harsh and long voyage. Storm in the Bering Sea. The sea is a school of life and courage On an unusually sunny and warm day, which rarely happens on Kola Peninsula, in mid-July 1952, a squadron of minesweepers left
For those who are at sea Dream from the 21st to the 22nd. I am leading some kind of vessel or ship in a completely unfamiliar sea. And suddenly I discover: there are no maps on board - neither in the chart room, nor in the map storage room. And there is no globe. Horror, nightmare. I wake up wet, I took a smoke break. And ten more times a nightmare
THE SEA I saw the sea for the first time almost half a century ago. I remember the train took us for a long time from north to south to my mother’s new place of work - to the Black Sea. I remember my brothers and I fell asleep and woke up with the only thought: “How warm and fabulous it is, on the shores of which we will now be
Chapter 7. About the rivers flowing into the eastern sea from the mouth of the Avacha to the south to the Kuril Lopatka, and from the Kuril Lopatka into the Penzhina Sea to the Tigil and to the Empty River From the mouth of the Avachi River to the Lopatka itself there are no notable rivers, because the ridge that Kamchatka is divided,
Sea I walked by the sea. How tender was the sapphire color of the wave. The sea breathed life and freshness Even into dead boulders, It burst straight into the heart with the power of Beauty that was seething around. But the sea suddenly seemed to me like a great mass grave. Under bottomless blue water, in menacing years, without
“Only sea and sea. Where is ours today..." Only sea and sea. Where is ours today? Torn away from tomorrow, lost yesterday... At that moment when they removed and abandoned the gangplank And calmly sailed home
Sea Sea, sea - as if there is no land, As if there is no cherished pier... Sea, sea... And in its distance the radiant sky begins. Somewhere, in this blue abyss, a slightly noticeable dot turned white, maybe a large ship passed by, maybe just a seagull
Ice cover in the Black Sea It often forms only on the northern coasts, and then only in relatively harsh winters. Ice usually does not appear off the Caucasian and Anatolian coasts. Almost every year the Dnieper-Bug and Dniester estuaries, lakes near the Danube delta and on the northwestern coast freeze. In very cold winters, the Danube River is covered with ice, and in some cases, the coastal strip of the sea. During the period of ice drift, the current carries the ice south to the Bulgarian shores; usually they reach Cape Kaliakra, and in rare cases they go down further south. In exceptionally harsh winters, when the sea freezes off the Bulgarian coast, broken ice carries even into the Bosphorus and Eregli.
Off the coast of Crimea, ice usually forms up to Cape Tarkhankut, and broken ice reaches Evpatoria. Taken out of Sea of Azov ice often appears near the Kerch Strait and in the eastern direction reaches Anapa, in the western direction - to Feodosia.
The first information about ice formations on the Black Sea is given by Herodotus; he mentions that the Cimmerian Bosphorus (Kerch Strait) and Maeotis (Azov Sea) are often covered with a fairly thick layer of ice, which, breaking in the spring, is carried into the Pontus (Black Sea). The Roman poet Ovid, exiled to Lesser Scythia (Dobrudzha), writes that in the period from 7 to 17, for three winters, the Danube and coastal sea waters froze over a significant extent. Nolian (III century) reports about frequent freeze-ups on the Danube. Significant freezing of the Black Sea observed in 401. Amian Marcelinus writes that almost the entire sea froze, in the spring the ice fields filled the Bosphorus, and from it they came out into the Sea of Marmara and floated there for about a month. Byzantine sources mention the freezing of the Bosphorus in 739, 753 and 755. In 755, ice formed in the Sea of Marmara and blocked the Dardanelles.
The most intense ice formation, in 762, was reported by Patriarch Nikephoros and the chronicler Codrinus: the Black Sea froze approximately 100 miles from land, even in the area of the Anatolian coast. From Mesemvriy (Nessebar) it was possible to walk across the ice to the Caucasian coast.
Freeze-up in the Bosphorus was observed in 928 and 934. In 1011, not only the Bosphorus froze, but also part of the Sea of Marmara. At the same time, great cold occurred in Syria and Egypt, ice appeared in the lower reaches of the Nile River. The northern part of the Black Sea froze, according to the testimony of Prince Gleb Svyatoslavich, in 1068.
Ice appeared on the southern shores of the Black Sea and in the Bosporus in 1232, 1621, 1669 and 1755. In 1813, the Black Sea was covered with ice off the northern shores up to southern regions Crimea. The Bosphorus froze in 1823, 1849 and 1862.
In 1929, 1942 and 1954. ice formed almost along the entire Bulgarian coast, and at the same time ice penetrated into the Bosphorus. Freeze-up in the north-western part of the Black Sea and in the Sea of Azov and strong ice drift on the Danube in 1972 caused the appearance of ice fields off the Bulgarian coast even south of the cape Kaliakra. But persistent winds from land carried them to the open sea.
The appearance of ice and slush in the shallow parts of the bays of the Bulgarian coast was observed in other years. Lakes located near the sea coast freeze much more often.
Ice formed from seawater contains less salt than water did. During education sea ice between ice crystals consisting of clean water, small drops of sea water (brine) are retained. Over time, the brine
falls down, the ice is desalinated, and air bubbles appear in it, creating its porosity.
Fresh waters freeze at 0° C, salted ones - at lower temperatures. In the oceans, water freezes at a temperature of -1.9 to -2 °C, in the Black Sea - at a temperature of -0.9 °C, but only in calm weather. With strong waves, ice crystals form in the water - ice porridge, and the water temperature can be about -1.1 or -1.2 ° C.
The salinity of the lower part of the ice immersed in water is higher than that of the upper part, even freshwater ice, caught in the sea, the lower part is saturated with sea water.
The salinity of the upper layers of sea ice is negligible. When ice ages chemical composition it changes - the amount of chlorides decreases and the amount of bicarbonates increases.
In general, ice cover contains significantly less salts than seawater.
Many people often dream about the sea. And most of them perceive such dreams as the body’s need for rest, others as dreams about unrealistic, cherished dreams. But what does the sea really mean in dreams?
Many people often dream about the sea.
Such dreams are often filled with many details, bright colors and leave behind a storm of emotions in the soul of the sleeper.
But different dream books interpret dreams about the sea, based on all the smallest details and details:
- Is the sleeper a man or a woman?
- is the person far from the sea or swimming in it?
- Are the waves raging on the sea surface or is it completely calm?
- clean, clear water or dirty?
In general, the sea, like water, symbolizes:
- cleanliness;
- calm and measured life;
- stability in all areas of life;
- pregnancy and childbirth;
- favor of fate;
- joy.
If you dreamed that the sleeping person was sailing on the sea, it means that a pleasant journey, good news, and changes in life for the better await him. It can also promise wealth, a surge of vitality, and restoration of health.
- Traveling by sea in a dream means that new opportunities in terms of work will open up for the sleeper, and career growth is possible.
- A little worried, it predicts the victory of the sleeper in a conflict that has arisen with someone from his close circle.
- If a sleeper falls into sea water, this is a warning of impending danger to health and life.
- The boundless sea can reflect the loneliness of the sleeper, his desire to find a good friend or a faithful life partner.
- Hearing the sound of the sea surf in a dream means the loss of a faithful friend, a quarrel with relatives, a lonely and boring life.
- If a girl bathes in good weather under a clear sun, this promises to receive good news. A picnic on the seashore or on a yacht means a quick meeting with a young man who will soon become her husband.
- Getting ready to go to the sea speaks of a person’s fatigue and emotional exhaustion. In this case, it’s worth putting everything aside and setting aside at least one day to come to your senses and put your thoughts in order.
- The Black Sea in a dream is a harbinger of a difficult period in the life of the sleeper, especially regarding financial situation.
- If in a dream an acquaintance wets his feet in sea water, this indicates that someone from the dreamer’s inner circle is in dire need of help and moral support. It's definitely worth helping to this person, and he, in turn, will lend a helping hand in return when needed.
A sea tide in a dream predicts the arrival of significant amounts of money in real life. Low tide, on the contrary, dreams of losses and loss of funds.
The sea in the dream book (video)
Seeing a sea with clean or dirty water in a dream
A dream about a sea with dirty water promises the dreamer:
- squabbles and gossip behind his back;
- quarrels with people from the immediate environment;
- unpleasant conversations;
- illness;
- losing a considerable amount of money;
- accusations and threats towards the sleeping person.
If in a dream the wind raises muddy, dirty waves, then the dreamer should be more careful with colleagues at work. This means that one of them is plotting meanness towards him, and is ready to stab him in the back at the first opportunity.
The dream of a clean sea is usually interpreted as positive But swimming in a dream in a dirty but calm sea, on the contrary, is a very good sign. Such a dream predicts receiving unexpected monetary profits. For people who have their own business, the dream promises its rapid development and the conclusion of a profitable deal.
For a woman, a dream in which she swims in dirty sea water indicates that she is expecting a pregnancy.
The dream of a clear sea is usually interpreted as positive, bringing to the sleeper:
- pacification;
- peace of mind;
- well-being in life;
- full understanding from the family.
Swimming in a sea with clear, turquoise water is a sign of great success in real life.
Why do you dream about a raging sea?
Seeing a raging sea in a dream, especially if the water in it is dirty, threatens:
- family quarrels;
- serious disagreements with relatives;
- sorrows and worries;
- loss of friends;
- monetary or property losses;
- bad luck in business;
- danger to health and even life.
But if it has stopped raging, then all conflicts will soon be resolved, and in favor of the sleeping person. If a sea storm intensifies in a dream, then the sleeper is in danger of a serious quarrel with his significant other, which may even end in a break in the relationship.
This vision can reflect a person’s inner unrest about some important event.
This dream can also be interpreted as a warning that you should take a closer look at the people around you. Some of them harbor a grudge against the sleeping man and are waiting for an opportunity to strike.
This vision can reflect a person’s internal worries about some important event occurring in the dreamer’s life. His worries about the correctness of the choice that faces him.
- A dream in which the dreamer enters a stormy sea promises a night of love filled with passion and euphoria.
- If you fall there in a dream, you should expect health problems.
- For girls, such a dream brings problems with a loved one, and possibly his loss. But if the sea is calm after a storm, then there is a high probability of meeting new love.
A dream about a storm at sea for a guy means that he has been in sexual tension for a long time, and this makes him overly aggressive.
Why do you dream of a frozen or dried up sea?
A dream about a frozen or dried up sea predicts a not very good situation in the dreamer’s personal relationships.
Dried water, like water covered with ice, promises the dreamer problems with his lover:
- a break in relationships;
- serious quarrel;
- a break up.
A dream about a frozen or dried up sea predicts a not very good situation in the dreamer’s personal relationships. This can also predict stagnation at work for the sleeping person, lack of monetary and career growth.
For people who have their own business, a dry sea predicts a stop in development, a delay in cash payments, and non-repayment of debt obligations.
Calm, warm or cold sea in a dream
Seeing a cold sea in a dream is a sign that the dreamer’s relationship with his significant other has exhausted itself. For a married woman, such a dream means that coldness in the relationship will soon lead to misunderstanding of her husband, great disappointment in him and a possible breakup.
Seeing something warm is a positive sign. This means that fate is preparing for the sleeping person:
- good luck in all work-related matters;
- career growth;
- attention and care from a loved one.
A dream in which there is a calm sea surface can be interpreted in two ways. Such a dream may indicate the boring life of the sleeper, in which it is time to change something. For man himself is dissatisfied with his existence. Or, the dream may warn of an impending storm, which has brought discord, quarrels and nervousness into the sleeper’s life.
A dream in which there is a calm sea surface can be interpreted in two ways Looking at the calm blue sea from afar speaks of a person’s search for peace and quiet, which he so lacks in real life.
Swimming in a calm sea prophesies:
- changes for the better in life;
- if the sleeper is sick, then a speedy full recovery;
- unexpected cash receipts.
The sea in Miller's dream book
The dream book of the philosopher Miller interprets the image of the sea seen in a dream ambiguously:
- like unfulfilled hopes of a person in real life;
- physical attraction experienced by the sleeper.
It says that a person needs spiritual satisfaction or that he is very lonely at this period of life.
Miller interprets the sound of sea waves as a loss of meaning in life for the sleeping person, disappointment in the people around him, in relationships. And you should urgently decide to make drastic changes, so as not to completely get bogged down in despondency and melancholy.
For a girl floating in a dream on a calm blue sea, Miller prophesies:
- fulfillment of your deepest desires;
- long and happy life;
- a promising acquaintance.
Seeing the sea from afar according to Miller’s dream book means dreaming of an unforgettable night, love pleasures, affection.
Why do you dream about the sea (video)
Dreams tell about the future and give a person hints on how to circumvent certain obstacles prepared for him by fate. The image of the sea in dreams reflects subconscious outbursts of human emotions. Therefore, people who dream of the sea should listen more carefully to their inner “I”, pay attention to all the details of the dream, then they can avoid quarrels, conflicts and unpleasant situations and live in harmony with themselves.
Attention, TODAY only!
Severe frosts also reached the Black Sea coast. In the areas of Kerch, Evpatoria, and Odessa, the water turned to ice. On the beaches, crumbs of ice float in the water, and small icebergs can be seen 100 meters from the shore.
Due to the current situation, maritime traffic in Ukrainian ports is closed until February 15. The Romanian port of Constanta is closed, and ice thickness on the beaches reaches 40 centimeters. Both Romania and Bulgaria announced a “yellow” and “orange” danger code.
However, the inhabitants of these countries do not despair: they use frozen water as an ice skating rink, and build sculptures from ice and snow. The last time such weather anomalies occurred was in 1977, when the Black Sea off the coast of Odessa completely froze.
(Total 16 photos)
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1. Bad weather hit the Black Sea coast. In the photo: The frozen Black Sea near Constanta, Romania. (Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo)
2. Crushed ice floats near the beaches, and small icebergs can be seen 100 meters from land. The waves prevent the sea from completely covering with a dense crust. (Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo)
3. The surface of the sea in the Evpatoria area began to become covered with ice. The freezing area is approximately two thousand square meters. In the photo: Ice-covered pier in Evpatoria. (Stringer/Reuters)
4. In the areas of Kerch, Evpatoria, Odessa, water turned into ice, which is observed for the first time in 30 years. (Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo)
5. Seagulls against the backdrop of ice blocks in Constanta. (Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo)
6. Because weather conditions Sea traffic in Ukrainian ports is closed until February 15. (Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo)
7. People walk on the frozen Black Sea next to an ice-covered dam in Constanta, Romania. (Daniel Mihailescu/AFP/Getty Images)
8. The Romanian port of Constanta is also closed; on the beaches the ice thickness reaches 40 centimeters.
9. Both Romania and Bulgaria announced a “yellow” and “orange” danger code.
10. An icy ship off the coast of Evpatoria. (Alexey Pavlishak/ITAR-TASS)
11. Frozen Black Sea near Constanta, Romania. (Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo)
12. The frozen Black Sea off the coast of Evpatoria. (Alexey Pavlishak/ITAR-TASS)15. Ice formed in calm weather conditions blocks ships. (Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo)
16. A ship in the ice of the Black Sea off the coast of Constanta. (Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo)
As a rule, the Black Sea does not freeze in winter. But it happens that winter temperatures drop so low that the sea off the coast in the northwestern part freezes for a short time. The climate of the Black Sea is mainly continental.
The weather over the Black Sea is significantly influenced by Atlantic Ocean, over which arises most of cyclones bringing bad weather and storms to the sea.
Sea water is a natural aqueous solution of various salts, in which the bulk of the ions are sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chlorine, sulfur, and also contains suspended solids, dissolved gases, and some organic compounds.
The presence of dissolved salts in seawater affects the freezing point of water. Sea water, which has an average salinity for the oceans (3.5%), freezes at -1.9 degrees Celsius. So we note that the waters of the Black Sea, as a rule, are not subject to freezing.
But in history there are cases when the Black Sea froze.
Let's look at them:
The first information about an unusually harsh winter and that the Black Sea was partially frozen is found in the letters of Ovid, a poet of ancient times, exiled at the beginning of the 1st century BC. e. in the lower Danube. He writes: “...Thrice the Istr (Danube) became cold from the cold, and three times the wave of the sea became hard.”
From other, more recent reports about unusual cold weather in the Black Sea region, we learn a lot of interesting things:
-In winter 400-401. “...the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and most of the Black Sea froze for 20 days. In the spring, mountains of ice flowed through the streets of Constantinople for 30 days.”
-In the winter of 557-558.“...The Black Sea was covered with ice over a large area.”
Byzantine, Arab and Western European chronicles indicate that in 763-764“...winter is brutal. From the beginning of October there was a great, cruel cold not only in our land (Byzantium), but also in the east, north, west, so that the northern part of the Pontic (Black) Sea, 100 miles from the coast, turned into stone... And the same happened from Zikkhia ( Taman Peninsula) to the Danube, from the Kufis River (Kuban) to the Dniester and Dnieper, from all other banks to Media. When the snow fell on such thick ice, its thickness increased further, and the sea took on the appearance of dry land. And they walked along it as if on dry land from the Crimea to Thrace and from Constantinople to Scutari.” In February, the ice split into pieces, like great mountains. There were so many crystal blocks rushing from the Black Sea that they formed a huge ice bridge in the Bosphorus.
The winter was extremely strong 1233-34. A number of authors confirm that the northern part of the Black Sea is frozen.
Winter 1543-44 was exceptionally cold for many European countries - Germany, France, countries Northern Black Sea region. The north of the Black Sea is covered with ice.
According to the South Russian Chronicle, in Rus' “there was great snow and a severe winter with frosts, from which many Swedes died,” and the northern part of the Black Sea froze.
-They call winter “Great” 1788-89 In Crimea, frosts reached -25 degrees, in the Northern Black Sea region “the winter was cruel, full of frosts, people crawled out of their huts through the roofs because of the great snow,” and the northern part of the Black Sea froze. It was this winter, on December 6, in the bitter cold, that the Russian army stormed the Ochakov fortress.
winter 1953-54. is rightly called the “winter of the century.” On South Coast In Crimea, the frosts lasted for three months in a row, average monthly temperature February was 10-12 degrees below normal; in Yalta, the depth of snow cover during this period exceeded 30 centimeters. The Azov Sea froze completely, stable road traffic was opened through the Kerch Strait, and the northern part of the Black Sea froze.
So, over the past 2 thousand years, more than 20 “strong” winters have been recorded in the Black Sea region. The time interval between them is on average 75 years (in most cases from 60 to 90 years).
Stunning photos of the frozen Black Sea. by Dmytro Dokunov 
