Interesting facts about Egyptian pyramids Every educated person should know. We suggest telling briefly about this extraordinary phenomenon.

Recall: who and for which the majestic structures built are unknown. An explanation that the pyramids seemed to play the role of tomb for pharaohs - just an assumption.

To completely copy the stars of the stars, lacks only two pyramids! But maybe they exist, are just under the thick sand?

Interestingly, the belt, in the Constellation Orion, has a defined slope.

Constellation "Orion"

It is assumed that about 10 thousand years BC The angle of incompreherable line, along which three pyramids are located, and an angle of Orion's belt - also coincided perfectly.

Interesting facts about the three Great Egyptian pyramids

1. The shape of these structures is not a stepped, as in neighboring buildings, but strictly geometric, pyramidal. The walls of the pyramids have an angle of inclination from 51 ° to 53 °.
2. All faces are oriented exactly by four sides of the world.
3. The height of the pyramid varies from 66 to 143 meters. For comparison, it is like 5 nine-storey houses put on each other.
4. On average, the blocks of the pyramids weigh 2.5 tons, but there are also those that exceed 80 tons.
5. Presumably, the time of construction took only a few decades, and not a century.
6. The number of blocks from which the pyramid of Cheops is 2.5 million.
7. Cement or any other binder during the construction of the pyramids was not used. Huge stones are just incredibly well laid.

Photo of laying one of the pyramids

1. Many blocks have an angle of inclination in relation to the base. At the same time, they form such an ideal plane that it seems as if it is a piece of butter cut off by a hot knife. (Is it really done by primitive workers of labor, how do historians convince us?)
2. The surface of the pyramid outside was lined with plates (mostly from limestone), forming these wonderful, smooth and smooth sides. At the moment, this coating is preserved only on some tops.

The Great We were considered in a separate article from the heading "", and only add that this is the only pyramid on the Giza Plateau, which was found without traces of the graves of Pharaoh.

Or maybe pyramids are an ancient energy generators? Or cosmic antennas?

Remember that many fictions and myths often associate with Egyptian pyramids. If you want to have accurate knowledge - use only scientifically proven facts.

We led you a list of genuine, amazing facts that are characterized by pyramids in the city of Giza.

Have you ever knew anything from this?

* Necropolis (literally "City of the Dead") is a large cemetery from underground crypts, cameras, etc. Necropolis were usually located on the outskirts of the city.

** Plateau - literally "sublime plain". Giza is an ancient Egyptian city, which is now a suburb of Cairo.

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Pyramids still keep a lot of secrets and secrets. Some of them, of course, were disclosed, but there are issues that are still disturbed by the minds of scientists and historians. How and who were these monuments created? What technologies were applied during construction? How did builders manage to move the stone blocks of a huge weight? Why did the pharaohs needed this kind of grazing? All this and many other interesting facts you will learn from the article and will become a little closer to understanding the secrets of the pyramids and the knowledge of their power and greatness.

Interesting facts about Egyptian pyramids

These ancient building facilities have already occupied their honorable places and glorify the talent of their creators, thanks to which perpetual monuments managed to make. Until now, scientists failed to reliably determine how the pyramids were made and what technologies were applied. Only some data are known, but most of the technologies used remains secret.

Just tombs?

In Egypt, there is about 118 pyramids created in different periods, various sizes and types. There are two varieties of pyramids, older stepped, one of the first preserved copies of the Pyramid of Josrara, about 2650 BC. e.

In fact, these pyramids are graves, and their clusters are a cemetery. In antiquity it was believed that we need to bury themselves to be buried with everything that they might need in the afterlife, so Pharaohs found their last refinement in the luxurious pyramids that they began to build long before their death.

Robbers of Pharaoh's tombstones

There are horrors about Egyptian pyramids are directly related to the robbers, which so love them to visit under the cover of the night and select their last property. However, not the only for jewelry hidden in the tips, visit the monuments of marauders.

Local residents have spoiled the appearance of some pyramids. For example, two pyramids in Dakhshire do not look at all as before, all the limestone they were covered, stolen for the construction of houses in the near city. Stone blocks are often stealing and other material for construction, which leads to incredible destruction.

Secrets and myths

The horrors of the Egyptian pyramids are also in the fact that many legends reign around them. The reason for the occurrence of such a myth was the fictional curse of the most famous tomb in the world - the tomb of Tutankhamon. It was opened in 1922 by a group of researchers, most of whom died over the next seven years. At that time, many believed that this was due to the curse of the tomb or some kind of mysterious poison, although most think so far.

But it all became one huge misconception. Immediately after the tomb was open, it produced a real furyor. In one of the newspapers, in the name of raising ratings, it was stated that before the entrance to the tomb there was a plate with a cavement that everyone who went down here would die. However, it turned out to be just a newspaper duck, but after the researchers began to die one after another, the article found the popularity, and since then there is a similar myth. It is worth noting that most of these scientists were old age. So easily some of the riddles of the Egyptian pyramids are solved.

Pyramid device

The funeral complex of pharaohs consists not only from the pyramid itself, but also from two temples: one next to the pyramid, one must be washed by the waters of the Nile. The pyramids and temples that were not far from each other were connected by alleys. Some partially survived to this day, for example, the alleys between the Luxor and between the pyramids of the Giza of such alleys, unfortunately, was not preserved.

Inside the pyramid

Egyptian pyramids, interesting facts relating to, and ancient myths - all this is directly connected with the inner structure. Inside the pyramid is a chamber with burial, to which moves from different sides. Walls of the passages usually painted with religious texts. The walls of the pyramid in Sakkare, a village near Cairo, were painted with ancient conquerious texts that reached this day. Next to the pyramids, Giza also contains a well-known figure of the sphinx, which according to legend should guard the peace of reached. Unfortunately, until our time did not reach the original name of this structure, it is known only that during the Middle Ages Arabs called the "Father of Horror" monument

Types of pyramids

Many riddles of Egyptian pyramids are directly related to their creation. Until now, no one managed to reliably determine how the ancient Egyptians managed to create such monumental structures that to this day are in preservation.

Scientists believe that the construction was carried out in several stages, for which the sizes of the pyramids could significantly increase compared with the original. Construction began long before the death of Pharaoh and could take several decades. Only for the creation of a suitable site for construction and leveling of the soil was needed about a decade. To create the largest to date, the pyramids needed two decades.

Who built pyramids

It is the opinion that the pyramids were built slaves, who Morious hunger and beat the screamed for poorly done work, but this is not the case. They showed that people who built the pyramids were kept in good conditions, they were nicely fed. Nevertheless, no one still has managed to unravel the old, as the hardest stone blocks rose upstairs, because human strength is incapable.

However, archaeologists believe that with time the construction technique changed, the Egyptian pyramids themselves changed. Interesting facts in mathematics also concern the construction of the pyramids. So, scientists managed to determine that the pyramids mathematically correct proportions. As the ancient Egyptians managed to do this, remains a mystery.

Egyptian pyramids - miracle of light

• Hoeop's pyramid is the only surviving miracle of the world.
• There are several theories about the construction of the pyramids. According to one of them, the construction occurred on the principle of the lever, but when taking this, it would take no less than one and a half century, and the pyramid was erected in two decades. That's what remains a mystery.

• Some lovers of mystical consider these buildings with powerful energy sources and believe that Pharaohs conducted time in them and in life to get a new vitality.
• There are also completely incredible theories. For example, some believe that the pyramids were built by aliens, and others that the blocks moved to people who own a magic crystal.
• There are some other questions regarding the facilities. For example, it has not yet been clarified why the pyramids were built in two stages and why were interruptions needed.
• The pyramids were built two centuries and were erected several immediately.
• Now, on research on various scientists, their age is from 4 to 10 thousand years.
• In addition to accurate mathematical proportions, the pyramids possess another feature in this area. Stone blocks are located in such a way that there are no gaps between them, even the finest blade will not climb there.
• Each side of the pyramid is located in the direction of one side of the world.
• Hope's pyramid, the largest in the world, reaches a height of 146 meters, and its weight is more than six million tons.
• If you want to know how Egyptian pyramids were created, interesting facts about construction can be obtained from the pyramids themselves. On the walls of the passages depicted construction scenes.
• The edges of the pyramids are arched for one meter so that they can accumulate solar energy. Thanks to this, the pyramids could reach thousands of degrees and make an incomprehensible roe from such a heat.
• For was made perfectly direct foundation, so the verges differ from each other for only five centimeters.
• The first built pyramid dated 2670 a year BC. e. In his own way, it resembles several pyramids located next to each other. The architect created a type of masonry that helped achieve such an effect.
• Hope's pyramid was created from 2.3 million blocks, perfectly even and suitable for each other.
• Buildings like Egyptian pyramids are also found in Sudan, where they later picked up the tradition.
• Archaeologists managed to find a village in which the builders of the pyramids lived. The brewery and bakery were discovered there.

• Many secrets hide the Egyptian pyramids. Interesting facts concern, for example, according to the principle of which the pyramid was made. The walls are at an angle of 52 degrees, which makes the ratio of height and perimeter with equal ratio to the length.

Power and greatness

What was the Egyptian pyramids created for? Interesting facts about construction do not give ideas about what they served. And the pyramids were created to praise the power and the grandeur of their owners. The lush tomb were a considerable part of the entire burial complex. They were filled with things that might need Pharaoh after death. There it was possible to meet literally everything that may be needed to man. Any clothes, jewelry, dishes - all this and many other things went along with the pharaohs in their tombs. These wealth buried with the owners, and are often the reason for the appearance of robbers who want to get jewels. All these riddles and myths that envelop the pyramids, starting from the very creation, already many centuries remain untreated, and no one knows whether they will be disclosed someday.

Already more than four millennia stand in the sands of Egypt, inspiring respect and even the thrill of the pyramids. The tomb of Pharaohs look with aliens from a different world, they are so strongly contrasted with the surrounding environment and are so large. It seems incredible that thousands of years ago, people knew how to build the structures of such a height, which the use of modern technologies at that time were able to surpass only in the XIX century, and did not exceed the volume and so far.

Of course, there could not arise theories about the "other" origin of the pyramids. Gods, aliens, representatives of disappeared civilizations - who just did not attribute the creation of these majestic structures, simply attributing them the most incredible properties.

In fact, the pyramids are human hands. In our age of an atomized society, when the union of the efforts of several dozen people for the achievement of a common goal seems to be miraculously, even the large-scale construction sites of the twentieth century look incredibly. And to imagine that the rapids were capable of thousands of years ago, you need to have imagination at the science fiction writer. It is easier to attribute all to the aliens ...

1. If you still did not know this, Scythian mounds are pyramids for the poor. Or how to see: Pyramids - Kurgans for poor earth. If nomads were enough to go on the grave of the pile of the Earth, then the Egyptians had to carry thousand-bottom stone blocks - the sand mound would call the wind. However, the wind fell asleep sand and pyramids. Some had to be abandoned. Large pyramids were lucky more - they were brought by sand too, but only partially. So, the Russian traveler at the end of the XIX century noted in the diary that the Sphinx was brought by sand on the chest. Accordingly, the pyramid of Heffens appeared below.

2. The first serious increment in the history of the pyramids is connected with sandy drifts. Described and even measured her Herodotus does not mention the Sphinx. Modern researchers explain this to the fact that the figures were brought by sand. However, the measurements of Herodotus, although with small inaccuracies, coincide with the modern, made when the pyramids were cleaned of sand. It is thanks to Herodot that we call the biggest pyramid of the "Pyramid of Heops". Much more correctly called her "Pyramid Hofu".

3. As often happens in ancient travelers or historians, he can learn more about his personality, than about countries and phenomena described by him. According to Greek, Heops, when he did not have enough money for the construction of his own burial complex, sent his own daughter to the public house. At the same time, he built a separate small pyramid for his native sister, which combined his related duties with the role of one of their wives of Heops.

Heterodyne

4. The number of pyramids, oddly enough, fluctuates. Some of them, especially small, are preserved badly or at all are a pile of stones, so some of the scientists refuse to consider them with pyramids. Thus, their number varies from 118 to 138.

5. If it was possible to disassemble the six largest pyramids on the stones and drink the tile from these stones, it would be enough for choosing the road from Moscow to Vladivostok 8 meters wide.

6. Napoleon (then still not Bonaparte), having estimated the volume of three pyramids in Giza, it counted that from the height of the stone, the perimeter of France with a wall, a thickness of 30 centimeters and a 3 meter height of 3 meters. And inside the pyramid of Heops would fully fit the starting platform of modern space missiles.

Napoleon demonstrates Mumia

7. To become the size of the pyramids-tomb and the territory on which they were located. So, around the pyramid of Joseman stood a stone wall (now it is destroyed and lined with sand), which covered the plot in a half hectare.

8. Not all pyramids served as masters of pharaohs, such less than half. Others intended to be wives, children or had a religious purpose.

9. The highest pyramid is considered the highest, however, a height of 146.6 meters is assigned to it empirically - so it could be if the facing survived. The actual height of the Heopse pyramid is less than 139 meters. In the crypt of this pyramid, you can fully fit two medium two-bedroom apartments set by one to another. The tomb is lined with granite slabs. They are so well driven that the needle does not break into the gap.

The Pyramid of Cheops

10. The most ancient pyramid was built for the Pharaoh of Josezer in the middle of the 3th millennium BC. Its height is 62 meters. Inside the pyramid found 11 tombs - for all members of the Famil Family. The mummy of Joseman himself, the robbers dragged back in antiquity (pyramid robbed several times), but the remains of family members, including the young child, are preserved.

Pyramid Josera

11. When an ancient Greek civilization was born, the pyramids were already thousands of years. By the time of the founding of Rome, they were fulfilled two thousand years. When Napoleon on the eve of the "battle of pyramids" pathetically exclaimed: "Soldiers! You are watching 40 centuries! ", He was mistaken about 500 years. According to the expression of the Czechoslovak writer Votaja Zamarovsky, the pyramids stood when people considered the moon to the Deity, and continued to stand when people landed on the moon.

12. The ancient Egyptians did not know the compass, but the pyramids in Giza are very clearly oriented towards the sides of the world. Deviations are measured by degrees.

13. The first European penetrated into the pyramids in the first century n. e. The lucky woman turned out to be a versatile gifted Roman scientist Pliny. He described his impressions in the VI Tome of his famous "natural history". Pliny's pyramids called "testimonies of meaningless vanity." I saw a pillion and sphinx.

14. Until the end of the first millennium N. e. Only three pyramids in Giza were known. The pyramids were discovered gradually, and the Pyramid of Mencar was unknown until the XV century.

Pyramid Mencar. Well visible a mark of Arabic assault

15. Immediately after the construction, the pyramids were white - they were stonamed by polished white limestone. After the conquest of Egypt, Arabs rated the quality of the facing. When Baron D'Noglur visited Egypt at the end of the XIV century, he still found the process of disassembling a facing stone for construction in Cairo. He was reported that the White Limestone "mined" thus has already been a thousand years. So facing disappeared with the pyramids is not at all under the action of the forces of nature.

16. The Arab ruler of Egypt Sheikh al-Mamoun, deciding to penetrate the pyramid of Heops, acted as a military leader, a precipitating fortress - the wall of the pyramid was dreded by Taran. The pyramid did not surrender until the sheikh suggested to water the stone with boiling vinegar. The wall of the beginning is gradually being filed, but it is unlikely that the sheikh's undertaking was successful if he was not lucky - the break was accidentally coincided with the beginning of the T.N. Big gallery. However, the victory disappointed al-Mansur - he wanted to raise the treasures of Pharaoh, but found only a few precious stones in the sarcophage.

17. There are still rumors about a certain "rush of Tutankhamon" - anyone who desets the burial of Pharaoh, will die in the very near future. The beginning of them was laid back in the 1920s. Howard Carter, who opened Tutankhamon's tomb, in a letter to the editorial office of the newspaper, who reported that he and several other members of the expedition were died, stated that the contemporaries left the ancient Egyptians at all.

Howard Carter Neskobshlko surprised by a message about his painful death

18. Giovanni Beltsoni, the Italian adventurer, hacked throughout Europe, in 1815 concluded an agreement with the British consul in Egypt, according to which Beltsoni was appointed by the official representative of the British Museum in Egypt, and Consul Salt undertook to redeem the mined values \u200b\u200bfor the British Museum. The British, as always, spacked chestnuts from the fire in other people's hands. Beltsony entered the story as a boron robber, and was killed in 1823, and the British Museum "retained for civilization" the mass of Egyptian treasures. It was BELTCONE who managed to find the entrance to the pyramid of Hefren, without breaking the walls. Anticipating prey, he broke into the tomb, opened the sarcophagus and ... made sure that he was empty. Moreover, with good lighting, he saw inscription on the wall made by Arabs. It followed that the treasures were not found and they.

19. For about half a century after the Egyptian campaign of Napoleon, the pyramids did not robbed the lazy. Rather, the Egyptians themselves robbed, for the pennies selling found relics. It is enough to say that for a small amount, tourists could watch the colorful spectacle of the falling plates of cladding from the upper tiers of the pyramids. Only Sultan Hediv Said in 1857 banned the pyramids without his permission.

20. For a long time, scientists believed that balsamizers who processed the pharaoh's bodies after death, knew some special secrets. Only in the twentieth century, after people began to actively penetrate the desert, it turned out that dry hot air maintains the corpses much better by embarrassing solutions. The bodies of the poor walked in the desert remained almost the same as the pharaoh's bodies.

21. Stones for the construction of the pyramids were mined with trivial carving. The use of wooden stakes, which, during wetting, a stone, rather a hypothesis, rather than everyday practice. The obtained blocks were pulled to the surface and grinding. Special masters numbered them still near the quarry. Then in a certain number of manner, the efforts of hundreds of people have pushed the blocks to the Nile, burned to the barges and drove to the place of construction of the pyramids. Transportation was carried out in complete water - an extra hundred meters of transportation on land extended the construction for months. The final grinding of the blocks was carried out when they were in their places in the pyramid. Footprints from the painted boards were preserved, which was checked the quality of grinding, and numbers in some blocks.

Billets still stayed ...

22. No evidence of animal use during the transportation of blocks and the construction of the pyramids is not preserved. The ancient Egyptians actively divorced cattle, however, small bulls, donkeys, goats and mules are clearly not the animals that can be made from day to day to carry out the hardest job. But the fact that the construction of the pyramids animals went to food herds, quite obvious. According to different estimates, on construction, the pyramids simultaneously worked from 10 to 100,000 people.

23. Whether in Stalin's times they knew about the principles of the work of the Egyptians during the construction of the pyramids, whether residents of the Nile valley have developed an optimal scheme for the use of under-million labor, but the breakdown of labor resources looks surprisingly similar. In Egypt, the builders pyramids were divided into groups of up to 1,000 people for the most severe and unskilled work (analogue of the Gulag Lagpunction). These groups, in turn, were divided into shifts. There was "free" bosses: architects (civilian specialists), supervisors (volcass) and priests (political screens). It was not necessary without "assholes" - kamnesis and sculptors were on a privileged position.

24. Whistle beaches over heads of slaves and terrifying mortality in the construction of pyramids - fictions closest to modern historians. The climate of Egypt allowed free peasants to work on their fields for several months (4 crops were filmed in the Nile Delta per year), and the forced "simple" they were free to use on construction. Later, with the growth of the sizes of the pyramids, they began to attract a construction site without consent, but so that no one died with hunger. But in breaks for processing fields and harvesting worked slaves, there were about a quarter of all busy.

25. Pharaoh VI POPI II dynasty was not swapped on trifles. He ordered to build 8 pyramids at once - herself, each of the wives and 3 ritual. One of the spouse, which Himself, changed the lord and was cruelly punished - she was deprived of a personal pyramid. And Popi II still survived Senusert I, built 11 tombs.

26. Already in the middle of the XIX century, "Pyramidology" and "Pyramidography" - pseudoscience, opening the eyes of the pyramid, originated. By the interpretation of Egyptian texts and various mathematical and algebraic actions with the sizes of the pyramids, they convincingly argued that people simply could not build pyramids. According to the data at the end of the second decade of the XXI century, the situation has not changed radically.

26. Do not follow the pyramidologists and confuse the accuracy of the facing of the tomb of granite slabs and fit the external stone blocks. Granite slabs of internal cladding (not all!) Women are very accurate. But millimeter tolerances in the external laying - fantasy of unfair interpreters. Gaps, and quite significant, there are between blocks.

27. Measuring the pyramids along and across, the pyramids came to a stunning conclusion: the ancient Egyptians knew the number π! Replicating such a kind of discovery first from the book in the book, and then from the site to the site specialists, obviously, do not remember, or no longer found the lessons of mathematics in one of the primary classes of the Soviet school. There, children were given round items of different sizes and a piece of thread. To the surprise of schoolchildren, the ratio of the length of the thread, which turned round items, to the diameter of these items, almost did not change, and there was always a little more than 3.

28. Above the entrance to the office of the American construction company "The Starrett Brothers and Eken" hung a slogan in which the company built "Empire State Building" promised to build a copy of the Kheopsy pyramid at the request of the Customer.

29. Frequently flashing in American films and TV series Entertainment complex "Luxor" in Las Vegas is not a copy of the peyramid of Heops (although the Association "Pyramid" - Heops is understandable and excuse). For the design of Luxor, the parameters of the pink pyramid (third largest) and the broken pyramid, known characteristic broken faces, were used.

8-07-2016, 15:07 |

Pyramids of Egypt

Egyptian pyramids are the most unique construction of the era of the ancient world. The land of ancient Egypt was always the place of unique scientific discoveries of archaeologists. Most finds naturally gave us pyramids - the ancient tombs of the pharaohs. They were created to ensure the immortality of the Spirit of Pharaoh. Pharaoh Joser, the first king of the III dynasty, became the first lord who built a pyramid. It consists of six steps, about 60 meters high. Authorship is attributed to Imhotep - scientist, physician and architect. Joser was very satisfied, built by the construction, so he allowed to engrave the name of the architect on his statue - it is truly unheard of honor for that time. Excavations on the Pyramid of Josher opened the eye of scientists a lot of tombs of the family members of the king and his approximate.

Egyptian pyramid of Heops

The largest pyramid is the Pyramid of Pharaoh Hofu or Heops. His age is about five thousand years old, the height was previously 147 meters, and now because of the collapse of 137 meters, the length of the side is 233 meters. Until the end of the XIX century. Hope's pyramid was considered the highest architectural structure in the world. It was found that it was built from 2300,000 well-known blocks, they were grounding about two tons weighing. The most interesting thing is that the gap between blocks is extremely not significant, there is even problematic to push the blade of the knife. It is striking ... Many still reason how the Egyptians still managed to move them. And it is also important to understand how much this work was a time-consuming, because those artisans who engaged in grinding were used still stone tools. In the right bank of Nila was Cemens, it was there that the stones were mined for the construction of the pyramids. In the rock indicated the boundaries of the stone, on these cut-off workers drove the furrow. Then a dry tree was placed there, it was watered with water, it expanded and the stone was filming from the mountain. The stones were grinding here in place. Workers had to work in any weather. Next, on the roasters, the blocks were transported to the other side of the Nile, they were brought to the place of construction of the pyramid on wooden sleds. They were built for many years, many workers died. According to the ancient scientist Herodotus Pyramid of Heops built about twenty years, every three months the workers changed, and about 100,000 people worked them. Two-tonal boulders rose only with human strength.

Already over several centuries, the attention of historians and archaeologists are the riddles of ancient Egypt. When it comes to this ancient civilization, the grand pyramids are first remembered, many secrets of which are still not disclosed. Among such mysteries that are still far from the decision include the construction of a great structure - the most huge from all the pyramid of Heops.

Famous and mysterious civilization

Of all the oldest civilizations, the culture of ancient Egypt has been studied, perhaps most well. And the matter here is not only in many of the historical artifacts and architectural monuments that have reached our days, but also in the abundance of written sources. More historians and geographers of antiquity paid attention to this country and, describing the culture and religion of the Egyptians, did not pay attention and the construction of the Great Pyramids in ancient Egypt.

And when in the XIX century, the Champolon Frenchman was able to decipher the hieroglyphic letter of this ancient people, scientists got access to a huge array of information in the form of papyrus, stone stele with hieroglyphs and numerous inscriptions on the walls of tombs and temples.

The history of the ancient Egyptian civilization includes almost 40 centuries, and there are many interesting, bright and often mysterious pages. But the most attention is attracted to the ancient kingdom, great pharaohs, the construction of pyramids and riddles associated with them.

When pyramids were built

The epoch that Egyptologists refer to the ancient kingdom continued from 3000 to 2100 BC. er, just at this time, the Egyptian rulers were fond of the construction of the pyramids. Everyone erected earlier or later tomb is much smaller in size, and the quality is worse, which affected their safety. It seems that the heirs of the architects of the Great Pharaohs have lost their ancestors. Or were it completely different people who came to shift incomprehensible to the disappeared race?

The pyramids were erected in the period and even later, in the era of Ptolemyev. But not all Pharaohs "ordered" such tombs for themselves. So, at present, more than a hundred pyramids built in 3 thousand years - from 2630, when the first pyramid was erected, up to 4th century n. e.

The predecessors of the Great Pyramids

Before the great history of the construction of these grandiose buildings has numbered not one hundred years.

According to the generally accepted version, the pyramids performed the functions of the tails in which the pharaohs were buried. Long before the construction of these structures of the rulers of Egypt, they buried in Mastabach - relatively small buildings. But in the XXVI century BC. e. The first real pyramids were built, the construction of which began with the Epoch of the Pharaoh Josrara. The tomb called him named is 20 km from Cairo and is very different from those called great.

It has a stepped shape and creates the impression of several placed one to another MastaB. True, its size is rather big - more than 120 meters around the perimeter and 62 meters in height. This is a grandiose building for its time, but it does not go to any comparison with the pyramid of Heops.

About the construction of the tomb of Josher, by the way, a lot of one knows, even written sources are preserved, in which the name of the architect is mentioned - Imhotep. After a half thousand years, he became a holy patron of scribes and doctors.

The first of the pyramids of the classic species is the tomb of Pharaoh Snofu, the construction of which was completed in 2589. The lime blocks of this tombs have a reddish tint, so the Egyptologists call it "red" or "pink".

Great pyramids

Thus are called three cyclope tetrahedra, located in Giza, on the left bank of the Nile.

The most ancient and most of them - the Pyramid of Hufa, or, as the ancient Greeks, Heops called him. It is most often called Great, which is not surprising, because the length of each of its sides is 230 meters, and the height is 146 meters. Now, however, it is slightly lower due to destruction and weathered.

The second size is the tomb of Heffren, the son of Heops. Its height is 136 meters, even at least it looks above the hollow pyramid, because it is built on an elevation. Not far from it you can see the famous Sphinx, whose face, according to legend, is a sculptural portrait of Heffren.

The third - Pyramid of Pharaoh Micherina - only 66 meters high, and it is built much later. Nevertheless, this pyramid looks very harmonious and is considered the most beautiful of the Great.

Modern person got used to the grand facilities, but his imagination is amazing the great pyramids of Egypt, the history and secrets of construction.

Secrets and riddles

Monumental structures in Giza still in the era of antiquity entered the list of the main wonders of the world, of which the ancient Greeks were only seven. Today it is very difficult to comprehend the idea of \u200b\u200bthe ancient rulers who spent enormous means and human resources for the construction of such giant tombs. Thousands of people for 20-30 years have been torn off from the farm and engaged in the construction of a tomb for their ruler. Such irrational use of the workforce is questionable.

Since the time the great pyramids were erected, the secrets of construction do not cease to attract the attention of scientists.

Maybe the construction of a great pyramid pursued a completely different goal? In the pyramid of Heops, three cameras were found, which Egyptologists were called funeral, but none of them found the mummies of dead and objects, necessarily accompanying a person in the kingdom of Osiris. No matter any jewelry or drawings on the walls of the funeral cameras, more precisely, there is only one small portrait in the hallway on the wall.

The sarcophague discovered in the pyramid of Heffren, is also empty, even in this tomb, many statues discovered, but no things that in the Egyptian customs were placed in the tomb, no.

Egyptologists believe that the pyramids were looted. It is possible, but it is not entirely clear why the robbers needed the mummies of the buried pharaohs.

Mysteries associated with these cyclopic structures in Giza, a lot, but the very first question arising from a person who saw them: How did the construction of the great pyramids of ancient Egypt occurred?

Amazing facts

Cyclopeous structures demonstrate the phenomenal knowledge of the ancient Egyptians in astronomy and geodesy. The edges of the pyramid of Heops, for example, are definitely focused on the south, north, west and east, and the diagonal coincides with the direction of Meridian. And this accuracy is higher than that of the observatory in Paris.

And such an ideal figure in the point of view of geometry is a huge size, and even folded from individual blocks!

Therefore, even greater impression is made by the knowledge of the ancients in the field of construction art. The pyramids are built of giant stone monoliths up to 15 tons weight. Granite blocks, which are lined with the walls of the main burial chamber of the pyramid of Hufu, weighed 60 tons each. How was such Mahina, if the camera is located at an altitude of 43 meters? And some stone boulders of the chefren's tombs are generally achieved in weight 150 tons.

The construction of the Great Pyramid of Heops demanded from the ancient architects to treat, drag and raise on a very significant height of more than 2 million such boulders. Even modern technique does not make this task simple.

It arises quite regular surprise: why did the Egyptians need to drag on a height of several dozen meters like Mahina? Was it easier to fold the pyramid from smaller sizes? After all, they could somehow "cut out" these blocks from a solid massif of the rocks, why did not make themselves the task, sawing them into pieces?

In addition, there is another mystery. The blocks did not simply put the rows, but so carefully processed and tightly drove them to each other, which in some places the gap between the plates is less than 0.5 millimeters.

After the construction of the pyramid, she was still lined with stone plates, which, however, have long been pulled by enterprising local residents for the construction of houses.

How could an ancient architecture be solved this incredibly difficult task? There are many theories, but they all have their drawbacks and weak points.

Herodota version

The famous historian of Antiquity Herodotus visited Egypt and saw the Egyptian pyramids. Construction, whose description left an ancient Greek scientist, looked as follows.

Hundreds of people on the Volokusham pushed the stone block to the pyramid under construction, and then with the help of a wooden gate and leverage systems raised it to the first platform, equipped at the lower level of the structure. Then the next lifting mechanism was introduced. And so, moving from one site to the other, the blocks raised to the desired height.

It is difficult to even imagine how long the great Egyptian pyramids demanded. Construction (photo, according to Herodota, see below) there were really extremely difficult task.

For a long time, the majority of Egyptologists adhered to this version, even though she caused doubts. It is difficult to imagine such wooden lifts that could withstand weight in tens of tons. Yes, and dragging over the voltage blocks of millions of multi-torch blocks seems difficult.

Is it possible to believe Herodota? First, he was not a witness to the construction of great pyramids, as he lived a lot later, although it was possible and could observe how the tomb of smaller sizes were erected.

Secondly, the famous scientist of antiquity in his writings was often sinned against the truth, trusting the stories of travelers or ancient manuscripts.

Radus theory

In the 20th century, among the Egyptologists, the popular version proposed by the French researcher Jacques Philipp Luer was becoming a popular version. He suggested that the stone blocks were displaced not on the voltage, but on rinks on a special embankment-ramp, which was gradually done more and, accordingly, longer.

Construction of the Great Pyramid (photo of the image below), thus demanded a huge smelter.

But this version also has its drawbacks. Firstly, it is impossible to not pay attention to the fact that the work of thousands of workers on dragging stone blocks such a way did not make it easier at all, because the blocks had to be dragged into the mountain, which gradually turned the mound. And it is unusually hard.

Secondly, the slope of the ramp should be no more than 10˚, therefore, the length of it will be more kilometer. To build such a mound, you need a work that is not less than the construction of the tomb itself.

Even if it was not one ramp, but a few mounted with one tier of the pyramid on another, then all the same is tremendous work with a dubious result. Especially if you consider that there is several hundred people to move each block, and there is almost no place to place on narrow venues and mound.

In 1978, the admirers from Japan tried to build with the use of voloku and mound pyramid height of only 11 meters. They could not complete the structure, inviting modern technique to help.

It seems that people with that technique that was in antiquity, similar to no power. Or were it not people? Who built the Great Pyramids in Giza?

Aliens or Atlanta?

The version that the Great Pyramids built representatives of another race, despite its fantasticity, has quite rational foundations.

Firstly, it is doubt that people who lived in the Bronze Age, owned tools and technologies that allowed them to treat such an array of wild stone and folded perfect, from the point of view of geometry, the construction weighing is not one million tons.

Secondly, the statement that the Great Pyramids are built in the middle of the 3th millennium BC. e., controversy. He was expressed by the same Herodotus, who visited Egypt in V c. BC. And described by Egyptian pyramids, the construction of which was completed almost 2 thousand years before his visit. In his writings, he simply retells what the priests told him.

There are assumptions that these cyclopic structures were erected significantly earlier, possibly 8-12 thousand years ago, and maybe all 80. The assumptions are based on the fact that, apparently, the pyramids, Sphinx and temples have survived the flood era. This is evidenced by traces of erosion, which were found at the bottom of the Sphinx statue and the lower tiers of the pyramids.

Thirdly, the great pyramids are clearly objects, one way or another associated with astronomy and space. And this is their appointment more important than the function of the tomb. It is enough to remember that there are no burials in them, although there is something that Egyptologists are called sarcophagi.

The theory of alien origin of the pyramids in the 60s popularized the Swiss Erich von Deniken. However, all its evidence is, rather, the fruit of the writer's fantasy than the result of serious research.

If we assume that alien aliens organized the construction of the Great Pyramid, the photo should look something like in the picture placed below.

Not less than fans at the Atlanta version. According to this theory, the pyramids long before the emergence of the ancient Egyptian civilization, representatives of some other race, who have either with superhydrated technology, or the ability of the power of the will to move colossal blocks of stone by air. Just like Master of iodine from the famous movie "Star Wars".

To prove, as well as refute these theories, it is almost impossible scientific methods. But maybe to the question of who built the great pyramids, there is a less fantastic answer? Why could this not make ancient Egyptians who have a variety of knowledge in other areas? There is, which removes the cover of the mystery surrounding the construction of the Great Pyramid.

Concrete version

If the movement and processing of multiple stone blocks is so time consuming, could the ancient builders use a lighter method of concrete fill?

This point of view is actively defended and prove several well-known scientists, and various specialties.

French chemist Joseph Davidovich, making a chemical analysis of the material of the blocks, from which the pyramid of Heops was built, suggested that this is not a natural stone, but a concrete of a complex composition. It is made on the basis of rock rock, and is the so-called conclusions of Davidovich were confirmed by a number of American researchers.

Academician RAS A. G. Fomenko, examining the blocks from which the pyramid of Heops was built, believes that the "concrete version" is the most believable. The builders were simply grinding the stone existing in excess, binding impurities, such as lime, lifted the base for concrete in baskets to the site of construction and have already loaded in the formwork and diluted with water. When the mixture was frozen, the formwork was disassembled and transferred to another place.

After decades, concrete was so compressed, which became indistinguishable from the natural stone.

It turns out that when building a great pyramid, not stone, and concrete blocks? It would seem that this version is quite logical and explains many riddles for the construction of ancient pyramids, including the complexity of transportation and quality of blocking blocks. But she has its weaknesses, and it gives rise to questions no less than other theories.

Firstly, it is very difficult to imagine how the ancient builders without the use of the technique could cast more than 6 million tons of rock. After all, it is the weight of the pyramid of Heops.

Secondly, it is doubtful the possibility of using a wooden formwork in Egypt, where the tree has always been valued very high. Even the rooks of Pharaohs were made from papyrus.

Thirdly, the ancient architects, undoubtedly, could think of the manufacture of concrete. But the question arises: where then are these knowledge? After a few centuries after the construction of a great pyramid, there was no trace left. The tomb of this species was still erected, but they were all only a pathetic similarity of those that stand on a plateau in Giza. And so far from the pyramids of a later period, non-formless piles of stones are most often left.

Therefore, it is impossible to say with confidence how great pyramids were built, the secrets of which are still not disclosed.

Not only an ancient Egypt, but also other civilizations of the past keep a lot of mysteries, which makes acquaintance with their history incredibly fascinating journey into the past.