The location of the Niiragongo volcano (active stratovancan) are African Virung Mountains (the territory of the National Park of the National Park of the National Park; is 20 km north of Lake Kivu and in the city of Goma) in.
General
Since 1882, according to documentary data, Niiragongo (its height - more than 3400 m) was erupted 34 times, and at times its volcanic activity lasted for several years. One of the strong eruptions is dated 1977 - then the "fiery" flows took the life of hundreds of people. And the 2002 eruption, when Lake Lava rose to the edge of the crater, destroyed most The city of Goma, located in the vicinity of the volcano. Fortunately, the authorities managed to evacuate 40000 people in advance across the city of Giseni in advance across the border. Nevertheless, it was not without sacrifice - under the ruins of the destroyed buildings and from the carbon dioxide thrown into the atmosphere, about 150 people died.
As a rule, the lava nyraongo is very liquid and fluid, due to the quartz contained in it. In this regard, flowing from the slopes of the Lava flows can "develop" speed up to 100 km / h. The width of the chief crater (in it is formed by Lake Lava, which is at a mark of 2700 m) of Niiragongo is 2 km, and the depth is 250 m.
Danger represents not only niiragongo: in case of strong shake (eruption), the Lake Kivu can freeze the deposits of methane and carbon dioxide stored in its depths, then the gooma will cover a deadly cloud, without giving the chances of the inhabitants of this city to salvation.
Underground lava flows of Niiragongo, more precisely, their structure, resemble a water supply system - the volcano has the main channel and numerous branches (the lava moves to the surface).
Living in the city of Goma are confident that Niiragongo will be erupting them in punishment for their prejudice. In addition, their confidence also applies to the fact that in the past eruptions managed to avoid due to the fact that the volcano sacrificed the girls-brides. This custom actually existed, but it was a bloodless (spiritual / thank) sacrifice. To "back up" Niiragongo, the head of one of the families should declare that his eldest daughter is the bride of the volcano (she could not leave the father's house and marry - the violation of the oath would disturb the spirit of the volcano).
Niiragongo for tourists
The climbing at the top of Niiragongo takes about 6 hours - everyone will have the opportunity to admire the lake with a hot lava in the dark (the locality is illuminated due to the saving magma), as the night tourists will be offered to hold in the houses on top of the volcano. But before making the rise, you need to take care of the following: it is advisable to capture warm clothes with you (upstairs is quite cold), sleeping bag and at least 3 liters of water; It is important to wear trekking shoes (ordinary sneakers do not fit).
It is worth taken into account that it is necessary to obtain permission in the office of the National Park (it will cost $ 200). If you wish, hire a guide can be in the home, which will help "extract" permission. He will lease the sleeping and tents for rent, and will also take you to the foot of the volcano on the jeep, and will offer several candidates for porters and cooks (if necessary). Such pleasure will cost $ 150-200 (the price depends on the size of the group).
For those who are interested in a meeting with mountain gorillas, special campaigns are organized in the Virung Park, which can last about 7-8 hours (to visit the gorillas can only just over 30 tourists per day), since it all depends on the weather and from the place where Gorillas will be concentrated in this or that day. It is worth considering that in the presence of gorillas it is forbidden to eat and drink, as well as use the flash (for 1-hour communication with primates they will be asked to pay $ 400).
It is worth noting that in the Virung Park will be able to see the gray forest pigeon, a crested eagle, flamingos, an African long-tailed egg, Forest Syesogolo, Filina Fraser and other birds, as well as elephants, rhinos, giraffes and other animals.
In the park, in addition to Niyragongo, there is Nyamlagira Volcano (it is removed from Lake Kivu for 25-30 km), which since 1882 heed at least 35 times. For the Nyamlagira volcano, expeditions are often organized to conduct its monitoring (one of them confirmed the presence of a lava lake in its crater). For the last time he threw a fiery fountain in 2011. After the time, the power of the Congo and the Virung Park staff opened access to Nyamlagira to everyone, so that they could visit the Vulcan eruption site, stopping in a tent camp, while quite close to the foot of Nyamlagira, but at the same time in a safe zone. Excursion here from Roma cost $ 300 (tents and rugs will be issued to tourists, but about food, water, sleeping bags and protection from rain should be taken care of themselves).
One of the most dangerous volcanoes In the world - Niyragongo everacted at least 34 times since 1882 and is home to the world's largest lake. Especially picturesque here in the night, when the mountain of Niragongo boils and shines. Surely, this is the last place on the ground, where you would like to live, but despite the constant threat of a catastrophic fiery death, the area at the foot of the Niyragongo mountain is dotted by various settlements.
- Nyraongo volcano combines a completely unique combination of factors on which volcanologists are trained. Studies of this geological miracle attracts specialists from around the world.
- While the volume of his lava lake can change, the average amount of Lava contained makes it the largest regular lavt lake in the world.
- Lava produced by this volcano also has an extremely liquid consistency. This is due to an unusually high concentration of alkaline-rich volcanic rocks.
- Nyragongo has a relatively steep slope. In combination with liquid consistency of the lava and its proximity to settlements, this makes it an extremely dangerous volcano.
Geological Features of Nyragongo
Volcano
Niiragongo is an excellent example of stratovulkan.
It also remains very active and is considered one of the highest volcanoes, with a height of 3470 meters. In addition, the primary crater has almost 2 km sizes. His lava Lake It is another distinguishing feature, having a middle depth of 600 meters.
But the most important distinguishing feature of Niiragongo is the composition of lava. Possessing an extremely high alkaline ratio, Lava quickly flows through steep slopes. As a result, the flow rates on the slope reach 100 km / h. Due to the combination of inclination and viscosity of the lava, it is here that scientists have registered the fastest speed of the hot flux, which is currently a well-known person.
Nyraonggo volcano is in National Park Virunga, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This place is located just 20 km from the nearest settlement. Volcanologists know little about ancient history Eruptions, but the activities of the volcano in our time are well documented and studied. Since 1882, the volcano has broken up 34 times. In addition, some of these eruptions continued for many years. This volcano is overlapped by several old volcanoes among hundreds of small cones. Because of his unique hazards, the volcano of Niragongo was named the decade volcano in 1991. In March 2016, the Observatory of the Goma volcano discovered that a new nozzle was opened in the northeast edge of the crater.
The lava lake of the Niiragongo Volcano (Nyiragongo) reaches a width of 600 meters. The volcano is located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in the bottom of the Central African giant fault of the earth's crust. Here is the area of \u200b\u200bVirung volcanic activity, which stretches for a hundred kilometers and where 8 volcanic cones rises, the most active of which is Niiragongo.
Not far from the volcano is the city of Goma, the volcano himself covers an area of \u200b\u200b350 square kilometers. In residents nearby city One of the main problems is the outpacing of the huge lake Lava located on the top of Niiragongo. The outpouring of Lava was observed twice and caused numerous sacrifices.
Numerous gas outlets are observed at the volcano, in addition, they even have in the city of Goma located 18 kilometers from Niyragongo.
The height of 2761 meters is the most dangerous place of the nyragongo, 40 meters above this mark inside the cone splashes the lake, which is hidden by the walls of the volcano, and if the tunnel appears here, then the lava flows down the slope. At this mark begins a chute, a length of 15 kilometers that leads directly to the city of Goma. Over the entire length of the giant gutter, the fountains of hot lava beat on the slope of the earth, some rose up to 200 - 300 meters. During the eruption of 1977, about 100 million cubic meters of lava flows out. Whole hills disappeared in this fault, before scientists never managed to observe such as the appearance of a whole system of cracks and faults in a matter of hours.
Lava lake is surrounded by water vapor, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide. The lava lake here was not always, Niiragongo Stratovolkan, therefore, it was formed as a result of a series of explosions and now it is characterized by periodic explosive eruptions. The volcano consists of layers of lava and volcanic ash, the explosion marked its formation at the time of opening the rift. Presumably lake has existed since 1927, but most likely it is much older. Long before this date there were evidence of the bugger reflections on the western tip of the Virung chain, but no written evidence was preserved about it.
In 5 or 10 meters above the level of the lake is, something like a coastal strip. This shore is coming from time to time the rising lake level. Most likely, the rise of the level of the lake indicates seismic activity that accompanies this process. As soon as the level of hot lava rises, the walls of the crater begin to vibrate.
Nyraongo scientists are studying for about 50 years, his first inspected Protestant missionary in 1935. In 1977, a strong eruption occurred, the lava from the lake poured on the slopes of the volcano. Lava in the same year reached such a volume that the walls of the crater could no longer hold it, and he cracked, Magma flowed out. It was enough to a tectonic push so that the lava swollen and destroyed the walls of the crater. The volume of lava in the lake was 22 million cubic meters, and all this volume splashed out in less than one hour. Lava streams rushed into a goom at a speed of 70 kilometers per hour.
The station built after 2002 fixed the increase in the number of lava, it even happened that the lava flooded the terrace, and then after a few hours the level was dropped.
According to a different educated in 1977, during the eruption of 2002, Lava went almost on the same channel. If the lava level in the crater rises by 200 - 300 meters, then the wall will not stand it and the hydrostatic pressure of the magma will break it, they will break and breed new cracks through which the lava flows.
Niiragongo volcano is located on the line of faults formed by the displacement of tectonic plates. Continental volcanic activity is caused by the appearance of breaks in the earth's crust due to the lifts of the magma or the shift of two tectonic plates. As the plates travel around, the faults appear along which there is an increase in the level of magma and the formation of volcanoes. Over the past 40,000 years, significant volcanic eruptions occurred here, but these eruptions have not yet ended, and will continue.
If an eruption occurs, the population will be evacuated to the west of Roma, at a sufficient distance from the volcanic plain of Niiragongo. Niiragongo means - the valley of the alee fire.
Within a radius of 50 kilometers from Niiragongo, everything caves red glow. From time to time, the flame flashes over the Lavova Lake - it is burning gases.
Nyraonggo Mountain is located in the National Park of Virung, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 20 kilometers north of the city of Goma and Lake Kivu. This is one of the most active volcanoes in Africa and one of the eight volcanoes in the Virung Mountains. The main crater is approximately two kilometers wide, and in its middle it often appears a lake from the hot lava, which will be discussed in this article.
Lava's lake has already been mentioned in the selection of landscapes of the erupting lava, now you will be waiting for a more detailed report and many photos. For a long time, the lake of Nyraonggo was the largest in the world. Its depth changes depending on the degree of volcanic activity - the maximum increase in the level of lava was recorded at a mark of 3250 meters high during the eruption in January 1977. Then the depth of the lake reached 600 meters, and at present Lava is at 2,700 meters 
It is significant unknown, for how time the volcano continues to erupt, but since 1882 34 strong eruptions were recorded. Activity is observed here constantly, as evidenced by the lake of the hot lava
Lava during the eruption of Niragongo is often very unusual liquid. Perhaps the reason for this is a rich alkaline volcanic breed with rare chemical composition. Due to extremely flowability, Lava flows during an eruption can reach speeds up to 100 kilometers per hour, which exceeds the water flow rate with a similar stream
Between 1894 and 1977, the Crater contained a constant and extremely active lake of Lava. On January 10, 1977, the walls of the crater broke down and the hot streams hit the village at thenime, destroying a large number of people. All of the above features are made by the Niiragongo volcano unique and one of the most dangerous in the world, besides, also containing a lake-hot liquid lava
Another strong eruption occurred here relatively recently - January 17, 2002. Lava flows spread to the territory of 200-1000 meters, and their height accounted for 2 meters. It was given a warning on time, and 400,000 people were evacuated from the potential defeat zone. Despite this, 147 people who suffered from suffocating carbon dioxide and destroying buildings died
Six months after the beginning of the 2002 eruption, the volcano monsted again. Activity continues to this day, but is limited to the crater, where the new lake was formed approximately 250 meters below the Lake Lake 1994 
I suggest you also admire the photos
Why did we go to the volcano and how I got to the beginning of the lifting, I already told.
It remains to say a few words about the volcano itself and quickly climb upstairs.
Niiragongo - volcano in the mountains of the Virung. Located on the border with Rwanda of the Congolese territory.
The main crater volcano has 200 meters deep and 2 km in width; In it is located the lake of the booming lava, which in recent years is constantly actively and does not fade.
It is believed that the biggest lava lake on our planet.
Lava Niiragongo is unusually liquid and fluid. Such features are caused by a special chemical composition - it contains very little quartz. Thus, during the eruption of the Lava flows, current on the slope of the volcano, can reach the speed of 100 km / h.
Because of the restless environment in the region, all those wishing to climb the volcano accompany the armed randers.
These are handsome.
On our large group (as I wrote before, there were 20 people who wish to rise on this day) We were given three Rangers with three guns.
Therefore, our multinational group could not worry about their safety.
One ranger was ahead, the second in the middle, the third - covered the rear.
After listening to the instructions and the wishes of the good way, we moved to this very path.
The path itself is not very complicated. However, someone as I will write about it. But at least he can overcome anyone.
It takes 5-6 hours, 8 kilometers, a set of height of 1500 meters.
On the way there are 4 places with leisure shops.
And here, almost at the very beginning of the path, one unpleasant feature of organized walkings on this volcano was found out.
After seeing three accompanying (plus porters and cooks, the most advanced of which made the role of assistants) we joyfully decided that now the group is divided by the forces and interests.
Especially since the forces were very different. And we had one thing - to come before all and so far there are no people to estimate how much the descent in the crater is possible.
To solve the issue of the descent of a small bribe, we saw the three armed accompanying and the crowd of assistants did not think somehow.
Therefore, I wanted without a crowd of the people, not attracting particular attention to learn this issue.
But alas. Forwarded the very slow member of our climb. And on my requests to allocate us one accompanying the main guide said that we will definitely do, but only through three parking lots. Before that, everyone needs to be kept together because it is possible to meet with robber.
And we pulled slowly up.
We closed our cavalcade brave porters. Pay attention to our beautiful suitcase on the wheels. I imagine what a man who brings him.
Near me they went guys who discussed throwing in the mountains. So I kept them and, as a radio, listened to the training of foreign colleagues.
Then they met with German, who walks in the mountains, was on Mak Kinley. He proudly showed my sticks of the company of the same name. What I answered him that there is no such mountain :)
Sasha, surprisedly said:
- That's yes, he knows English, and French.
"And I also know a little in Russian," he answered modestly.
Then it turned out that only he knows whether 10 or more languages.
In general, we had fun and nice to go.
Resting was even more pleasant. On vacation, the cook of each group issued something tasty to his ward. That banana, then nuts.
Everything would be nothing, but very confused by lead clouds on the horizon, which were promised to turn into rain. Therefore, I really wanted to walk to quickly to mock less. But it was impossible to quickly.
Rain soon went. It became very wet. And with a set of height is also cold.
Well I expected that as usual - while you go, not cold. And upstairs already put on dry warm clothes.
Alas with "while you go" did not work out.
Therefore, I now succeed and constantly asked when it can be divided and where the robbers here.
The robbers were not, so after three hours the wishing to go faster finally allowed to fulfill their desires.
Life has improved. The road has become more picturesque. Finally managed to warm up, and the rain almost ceased.
The slopes of the Niiragono are seated by my favorite sends - funny plants that grow also on Kilimanjaro. What do they say that it is endemics.
Meanwhile, the slope was worse and cooler. And it was not so easy to go.
From time to time I had to watch very carefully where to put the leg.
But nevertheless, it did not pass five hours, and we have already reached the house, from which a small transition remained to the top of the crater.
The transition was small, but on a very steep slope. Those who could continue to go could convey onto stretchers.
By the way, from the very beginning they said that those who wish can convey from the very bottom of 300 dollars.
This is a service.
From this house, the roofs of our houses were visible, to which we sought.
It remains neatly climbing up the hill, not forgetting to admire the views.
Houses are getting closer. They are made of iron. Inside place exactly for two mattresses and some free space on the sides for things. Mattresses are good, trimmed by leatherette. Everything is clean carefully. But very cold.
Smart people of course went immediately to occupy houses and change clothes.
But for this we passed through Polimir.
Therefore, who is where, and we are on the crater.
And there...
Here it is - boiling bullous.
True, first was very cloudy and not very clearly visible. Therefore, noting the Crater with a clean conscience went to look for a free house and warm up so that even in the evening, when everything stretched out and visibility has become much better, enjoy the spectacle in a complete measure.
Well, look at how to go down there, of course. We did not leave this idea, despite all the difficulties. And the suitcase, stuffed with ropes and equipment stood smoothly in the middle of the camp and waited for its o'clock.
Well, in conclusion - about the complexity of the lifting.
My opinion, it is very subjective. But fortunately, almost all participants of our climb have not been lazy and wrote their impressions that Misha korostelev
Assemmed in his journal.
Well, I will get out. Here is not only about the lift. There is also about overcoming themselves and all the amazing discoveries, for which we are flying to the edge of the world.
Misha
As for the complexity of the rise. This is definitely not a light walk, but not some kind of climbing. It is difficult for someone, someone is very difficult for someone this test of his willpower. Back Roads No, only forward. I firmly believe that everyone healthy can rise, but even an absolutely non-sports person.
It is important to have good shoes, dry clothes for rain and a warm sleeping bag.
Olya to:
"I rose with my son almost 5.5 hours. 8 kilometers. I was hard. Leisure as a state, but this is the case when there is no reverse path - only forward. Half the path went under a tropical rain. So it's not just a walk.
on the next day the descent without a small 4 hour "
Yana:
"Start with the fact that for unprepared and not having experience of climbing the mountains is a very difficult test. A quarter of the way runs through the jungle, the path in which heavily blurts out, if it rains (now just season rains) - as a result, raw legs and dirt. up to the knees.
The next two fourth paths are cool up the lava stones shrinking. The last part of the path is on very steep rocks, approximately 45 degrees up, which in rain conditions become very slippery and on the rise, and especially on the descent.
Approximately half of the way passed under the shower, we fade completely. And if we started the rise at a temperature of about +20, then at the top at night there were no more than +3 - the fires are not bred, it was possible to warm up from coal.
The fastest most reached in 5 hours, that is, this is a minimum - the maximum depends only on the physical possibilities of tourists.
In our case, it was impossible to walk, although there were such thoughts))
The fact is that there was nowhere to descend - the placement is not organized for me, the car with things on the other side of the border, there are no hotels in the nearest village, the population is not particularly friendly (rather, on the contrary) - Even along the way, three rangers with automata were protected from local robbers.
Therefore, dirty, raw, tired, wet through - but it was necessary to go.
So this is really heavy ascent without the possibility of change your mind - and not just a cheerful walk for 4 hours. Special clothing, shoes, mood and strength of the Spirit are needed. It would be good for physical training)) "
Katya:
"Yes, it was hard. I have never been a rage, but this way is not a walk, but an expedition. This should be taken into account those who prefer light trekking - it's not at all. Yes, wet, frozen, tired, can be consequences for Health is small in the form of a cold, dislocation or buzzing legs) and on the way of the times 20 ask yourself how Lesheh I do voluntarily here. But. There is a huge but in all this - when the goal is achieved, you understand that a very big daw in life is delivered And it will be remembered. When you sit with tea at the coal at the top, hiding in the wind house, or look like a lava splash in the crater, remember climbing, especially on the way back, and do not understand how you managed to get there. Selfarism overlaps All the gravity that is filled along the way, you feel strong, free, and fucking, satisfied. So the game is worth the candle, if someone wants to check and strengthen his will (from inexperienced, I mean). And if you want Just walk through a flat path e in the forest - then, of course, do not "
Olya Rumyantseva (olly_en):
"My look will be so to speak, a professional on vacation :)
About the cliffs of 45 degrees - this is Yana of course exaggerated. There and 30 degrees at the last section of the slope will not be, and not rocks it, but a fairly unpleasant path with slippery stones.
In all the rest, perhaps I agree. Trekking can not be called easy, but it can really take it almost anyone, even one who previously noticed such feats. At the distance it is only 8 kilometers.
But necessarily need good clothes, which is even more important - good shoes, trekking sticks. And necessarily a lot of dry and warm clothes to completely change clothes at the top. It will not hurt the spare shoes to not walk in wet shoes upstairs, since even the most good shoes are wedged with a long walking on wet mud.
The first three hours the group goes at the pace of the slower participant. So even if you walk fast, then wear warm clothes and waterproof capes (it was my mistake, it hoped that in the presence of 3 guides they will be divided, it will be possible to go in your pace and will heat).
With whom who will be in the group, it will be incomprehensible before the rise of the rise, unite everyone who is on the volcano on this day. We were not very lucky, it was already 20 people. The first three hours and walked one crowd. Therefore, it turned out five hours. So it would be possible to take hours for 4 for sure. But you need to count on clothes on the saddest version.
And still be sure to pack all things in waterproof bags and do not forget the warm sleeping bag.
Well, in any case, remember that an unforgettable spectacle is waiting at the top, for which it costs a little bit. "
Vania:
"Treking is very likely to be simple, as Olga Rumyantseva says. But it seemed to me extremely not simple. The fact is that I am the extremely inactive lifestyle: work nearby, the car is under the side, the sport is zero. Therefore, I am very tired after two hours walking. (to the second stop). Tired so much that (due to the lack of experience and unsporting behavior in life) I thought that I would not take exactly at the top. When at times the peak was shown highly far ahead, fear attacked me that on this slope I will definitely do not conquer. However, Yana Selezneva (and the coming wishes to him), with which we have shipped the most recently. Thanks to her support and the fact that I will rush at the end not one, I found the strength to go further - forward and up.
When I finally saw the last halt and people on it, I realized that not as much as we were behind the other Mzunga. Behind this prival was very cool (for me) the slope, he seemed unreal to me, but the people and the peak did not seem to be cheerfully so unattainable.
In general, as a result, I climbed the latter, except for the porter and a guide with a machine gun.
For me, the slope of Nyrogonggo became proof that I can much more than it could have been submitted. This serious discovery allows you to widerly look at the possibilities from which I may be depicted when you just need to stall-stupid, I am all a bull. I am very happy and satisfied with myself that I climbed on this volcano, he opened about me what I did not know about myself.
Everyone wrote everything about the equipment. I was equipped bad, good at least the boots did not let and I did not swear to the socks of 6 hours. The rain found surprise: a raincoat either to the line - short and moisture does not release out. As a result, a bath, and from it all the rain runs on jeans, which in the end were through.
Thanks to everyone who traveled with me, I apologize to those I knocked off the pace. Mikhail Korostelev and TeamTrip - thanks for the organization, I would never have able to drive out of the comfort zone. Feeling the rise of the spirit and strength, understanding the wrong way of life pushes on changes. I hope all this will not disappear in Moscow with her routine and I still change something in the current lifestyle.
The next tracking is definitely similar, but later and exactly much better prepared and equipped. "
And again Katya:
Life consists of many things. From the choice you do, out of minutes, folding during, memories, random acquaintances, changing plans and tests, which will re-recognize yourself. And sensations, of course. It is a feeling when you stand on the edge of the crater of the volcano, looking at the rabbish lava. It's cold from the penetrating wind, warmly from a mug with hot tea in hand, tired of 6 hours of hard climbing on a volcano of 3,500 meters high, enthusiastically from everything that happens around. To reach - Done, for the first time with the fading of the heart, look into the fiery sore of the earth - Done. But this is not all, because the day before the volcano is another adventure, a stunning acquaintance with Uganda mountain gorillas. When these powerful, plush, slightly lazy animals from you in the meter, and so you want to start your fingers into this wool. And let them get to them not easy, on the jungle, blurred paths, but every breath in their company is worth achieving it. And even when the male - the head of the family - comes threateningly on you with a roar, hinting at the fact that he has a personal space and should not break it - not scary, and you immediately know what to do is to just respect the borders. To give tribute to nature - to chat with this endangered species, because there are only about 700 individuals on the planet. To overcome himself, climbing the Nyraonggo volcano in the Congo - and realize that you can make much more than it seemed, and feel this feeling of freedom and delight on top. This is life, here it is where. And with this awareness is not so difficult to enter the new stage of life, knowing that you are something more than you are.
