Motherland Mother in comparison with other monuments. In India, built the highest statue in the world

Its height is 182 meters.

In India, on the island of Sadhu Beth in Gujarat, the highest high statue In the world - a statue of unity.

Its height is 182 m and it is higher than the statue of Christ in Brazil (38 m), a statue of freedom in the United States (93 m) and "Motherland" in Kiev (102 m).

Video From Rio with love. The statue of Christ the Savior was painted in Ukrainian colors

The statue of Christ-Savior - in Ukrainian colors. In Rio de Janeiro, the famous sculpture shine yellow-blue. In the colors of the Ukrainian flag, Brazilians highlighted it especially for the independence of our state. Do this for 5 years in a row. Especially, they say, in the Ukrainian diaspora holiday the other day double. After all, they also celebrate the day of the Ukrainian community.

The Great Patriotic War, apparently, will never be forgotten. It was too hard for us to win. In each city there are or squares, or parks and squares, where the monuments are installed in its heroes.

Woman with a sword

The famous Mamaev Kurgan (Volgograd) created a whole ensemble. It is dedicated to those who won the ideological and composite center of this large building - the sculpture that is known worldwide. It is called "Motherland-Mother calls!" True, not everyone is aware that she herself is not independent, but a part of triptych, but the central one.

The second part of the complex is the "Rear-Front" composition. It is made and stands in Magnitogorsk. Showed how the worker hands the warrior sword. And they knocked it just in the Urals. And the entire ensemble also completes the well-known monument - "Warrior Liberator". Location - Berlin.

The tallest

Many are interested in the height of the statue of the Mother Mother in Volgograd. We answer: 85 meters, and the growth of women is 52 m. The weight of the facility is 8000 tons. The length of the sword is 3300 cm. And he will weigh any little 14,000 kg! These are "passport" parameters of this unique work.

In the year of the end of construction, the sculpture was in the world the biggest. She was even listed in the Guinness Book of Records. Compare: The Statue of Liberty is 46 m towers from the pedestal, and the growth of Christ (Redeemer) is only 38. Today, considering what the height of the Motherland-Mother, experts took her 11th place in the list

It was a long time ago

The construction of such a memorial was given extraordinary importance. Taught everything. And also what is the height of the statue of the Motherland. Not limited in money, nor in the most modern building materials. Invited the best creators. The main thing was Evgeny Vuchetich - the People's Artist of the USSR, the participant in the Great Patriotic War. He has already made a wonderful army (ten years ago), which decorates the Berlin Treptov Park. Also, his work is "weeping swords on the oral." Sculpture is shoved in front of the UN building in New York.

The head of the engineering group identified Nikolai Nikitin - Professor-architect, as well as doctors of technical sciences. In the 50s, he designed the buildings of Moscow State University. In the future, he will be entrusted to work on the Ostankino Tower. Now we needed the calculations of special complexity. For this monument has a super-height. "Mother Mother" in Volgograd must be immacular.

For consultation from a military point of view, Vasily Chuikov took - Marshal. At the front, he was called "commander-assault". It was he who commanded the 62nd army that did not pass the enemy Mamaev Kurgan. During the defense of Stalingrad Chuikov, special assault groups came up. They suddenly rushed into the house, passing to them through underground communications. The Germans could not even understand where this blow was filmed.

Already after the war, Marshal was awarded for the work on the monument original: allowed (at his request) to be buried at Mamaev Kurgan, next to those 34505 soldiers who died, defending Stalingrad. In 1982, and their commander themselves burned near the Mother Motherland.

The architectural and engineering group created a figure of a woman (the height of the statue of the Motherland-mother, as we said, - 85 meters), which makes a gusty, energetic step forward. In her hand - a sword raised against the occupants. The country calls the people on the battle with the enemy.

Prim of sculpture

And who is interesting, posed then sculptor? The candidacy - Valentina Mesotov - found by chance. Now she is a pensioner, a resident of Volgograd. And then she was 26 years old. And she worked as a waitress in one restaurant. There she saw her assistant vuchetich, also sculptor L. Maystrenko. He liked the strict serious face, the sports figure of the Mesoth, her purposeful look. The candidacy was approved.

Valentina Ivanovna went to this work for two years. Be that as it may, and the creative process is complex. Especially considering how incredible height sculpture. "Mother's Mother" in Volgograd really turned out to be outstanding. From everywhere come to look at her, give a tribute to the defenders of the country. At night, the monument (the height of the Mother's Mother's height is really amazing) the light of powerful spotlights falls, and the impression is the strongest.

Interesting fact. When the design of the flag and the region was conceived), they decided to take the silhouette as the basis. There were no other opinions. And on the postage stamp GDR released in 1983, there is the same image.

Not easy job

Exact in this place, you understand the whole meaning of the battles. More than four months (more precisely, 140 days) were bloody, the most severe battles for one point - height number 102. And every piece of this land is still dangerous. Although it has passed for more than 70 years after there are no more shots and salts here, and there are shells on the hill today, which did not happen then. That is why this territory was chosen to perpetuate the feats of people.

The construction of an unusual monument (the height of the Mother Motherland is very large) began in 1959, in the spring. Completed in the fall of the 1967th. That is, more than eight years was the work. First - laying the foundation from concrete. From above put the base-box. The builders assumed the stones to set down the pedestal. But the Khrushchev was an indication of the Hrushchev Secretary General, and 150 thousand tons of land were poured on top in order to strengthen the foundation even more. Therefore, today the vertex of Kurgan is imported.

Under the sculpture (the height of the Mother Mother's height strikes the imagination) lies thick (one and a half meter) plate and a base of 16 meters.

Reduced layout

When the turn is the figure of a woman, they cast it right here, on the hill. And how otherwise, if the height of the statue of the "Motherland" in Volgograd is extremely big! But reduced (exactly ten times) layout stood nearby. And gradually, looking at the stencil, the tier was poured behind the tier. So they collected the "woman." Machines with cargo arrived here around the clock. Everything was done very high quality. Concrete, for example, took exactly the same as it was allocated for the Volga hydroelectric station. And fillers to it were also chosen the most thorough way.

But here's the whole figure is ready. Then they took the head. True, cast it separately. And raised by helicopter. Otherwise it was impossible to do. The height of "Motherland" did not allow.

Many had to work with a sword. At first it was made of stainless steel, she was crushed with durable slices (from titanium). However, he shook out from the wind, thundered. That is why in 1972 this weapon was removed and put another, steel construction.

Restoration

Recovery activities were carried out in 1972 and in 1986. Five years ago were engaged in ensuring its security. After all, the height of the monument "Motherland-mother" in Volgograd a little to say decent. She is huge! And over time, everything changes, ages, weakens. And even despite the fact that the thickness of the concrete walls of the monument is 25-30 cm. Inside it is assembled from large individual cells. The framework itself is hard, nevertheless support 119 rolls of durable metal. And they constantly experience powerful tension.

The hardest sword with it is simply a fabulous giant sizes from the wind swayed. And where he was attached to the hand of a woman, a rejupping voltage arose. The design of the sword has been deformed with time. So I worked on this problem.

Slip down

Since the height of the "Mother's Motherland" is great, and the figure is on the clay soil, which is slow, but invariably slides to the Volga, then experts scored alarm. After all, the statue can collapse. She was so shifted at 214 mm. And this is almost 80 percent of the permissible initial calculations. But experts say: the planned strength is not yet exhausted.

It was planted this project to deviate in 272 mm. Yes, and its foundation was deformed slightly. The only rules have left only 90 mm. After the next restoration, the monument will last long.

Sculpture "Motherland-Mother calls!" - The composite center of the monument-ensemble "Heroes of the Stalingrad Battle" on Mamaev Kurgan in Volgograd. One of the highest statues of the world.

A huge hill rises above the sorrow area, which matures the main monument - Motherland Mother. This is a bulk kurgan with a height of about 14 meters, in which the remains of 34,505 soldiers are buried - Stalingrad defenders. A serpentine track is leading to the top of the hill to the motherland of the mother, along which 35 granite tombstones of the Heroes of the Soviet Union, participants of the Stalingrad battle are located. From the foot of the mound to its vertex, the serpentine consists of exactly 200 granitate steps 15 and 35 cm wide - by the number of days of the Stalingrad battle.

Mamaev Kurgan in the winter of 1945. In the foreground - a broken German cannon Cancer 40.

End point path - monument "Motherland is called!", composite center of the ensemble, the highest point of Kurgan. Its dimensions are huge - the height of the figure is 52 meters, and the total height of the Mother Motherland - 85 meters (Together with the sword). For comparison, the height of the famous statue of freedom without pedestal is only 45 meters. At the time of the construction of Motherland, the mother was the highest statue in the country and in the world. Later, the Kiev Motherland-Mother is 102 meters high. Today, the highest statue in the world is the 120-meter Buddha Statue, built in 1995 and located in Japan, in the city of Chuchur. The total weight of the mother's motherland is 8 thousand tons. In his right hand, she holds a steel sword, the length of which is 33 meters, and the weight is 14 tons. Compared with the growth of man, the sculpture is increased 30 times. The thickness of the reinforced concrete walls of the Motherland is only 25-30 centimeters. It was cast by a layer of a layer using a special formwork from plaster materials. Inside the rigidity of the frame is supported by the system from more than hundreds of cables. The monument is not fastened with the foundation, keeps the force of gravity. Motherland Mother stands on a plate with a height of only 2 meters, which rests on the main foundation height of 16 meters, but it is almost not visible - most of it is hidden under Earth. To enhance the effect of the monument at the peak point of Kurgan, an artificial embankment of 14 meters high was made.

Stalingrad, Mamaev Kurgan. In the foreground, Renault Ue Chenillette is a light French armored personnel carrier, which was in service with the Wehrmacht.

As soon as in Stalingrad, acknowledged canonade, a grateful country thought about how the monument to the creators of this great victory should be. Drawings and sketches sent not only professionals, but also people of completely different professions. Some sent them to the Academy of Arts, others in the State Defense Committee, someone personally comrade Stalin. Moreover, everyone saw the future monument to grandiose, unprecedented sizes, under the meaning of the victory itself.

The All-Union Competition announced immediately after the war. All prominent Soviet architects participated. The results led ten years later. Although few people doubted that the winner of the Stalinist Prize Evgeny Vuchetich would win. By that time, he had already created a memorial in the Berlin Trept-Park and enjoyed the confidence of the first persons of the state. On January 23, 1958, the Council of Ministers of the USSR decided to start the construction of an ensemble monument at Mamaev Kurgan. In May 1959, the construction was boiled.

In his work, Vuchetich turned three times to the topic of a sword - the sword raises his motherland on Mamaev Kurgan, calling to expel the conquerors; The sword destroys the fascist swastika Winner in the Berlin Treps-Park; The sword varies on the plow worker in the composition "Skid Swords on Oral", expressing the desire of people of goodwill to fight for disarmament in the name of the celebration of the world on the planet. This sculpture was presented to the collaboration of the United Nations and was established before the headquarters in New York, and its copy is the Volgograd Plant Gas Equipment, in whose workshops their motherland was born). Born by this sword was in Magnitogorsk (during the war of the war, every third projectile and every second tank was made of Magnitogorsk metal), where the "Rear-Front" monument was installed.

During the construction of the monument motherland A lot of changes have been made to the finished project. Few people know that initially at the top of Mamaeva Kurgan at the pedestal was to stand the sculpture of mother's motherland with a red banner and a knee-free fighter (according to some versions, the author of this project was Ernst Unknown). Two monumental staircases were conducted to the monument at the initial plan. But subsequently, Vuchetich changed the basic idea of \u200b\u200bthe monument. After the Stalingrad battle, the country had to have another 2 years of bloody battles and was still far from victory. Vuchetich left the mother-mother one, now she called her sons to start a victorious expulsion of the enemy.

He removed the pompous pedestal of Mother's Motherland, practically repeated the one on which his winner soldier stands in the Trept-Park. Instead of monumental stairs (which, by the way, were already built), the Mother's Mother's Mother has a serpentine track. Motherland itself "grown" with regard to the original size - her height reached 36 meters. But this option did not become final. Soon after the end of the work on the foundation of the main monument of Vuchetich (on the task of Khrushchev) increases the size of the mother's motherland to 52 meters. Because of this, builders had to urgently "prigore" the foundation, for which 150 thousand tons of land were put in the mound.

In the Timiryazevsky district of Moscow, in the country of Vuchetich, where his workshop was located and today - the architect house-museum - you can see the working sketches: the reduced mock-up molding layout, as well as the mock of the head of the statue in full size.

In a sharp, a rapid fit in the mounds rose in the mound. With a sword in his hands, she calls for their sons to defend the Fatherland. The right leg of her leg is slightly reserved back, the torso and head are vigorously deployed to the left. The face is harsh and volitional. Shifted eyebrows, wide open, screaming mouth bloomed by winds short hair, strong hands, body shape long dress bloated by the winds of the wind shakes - all this creates a feeling of strength, expression and insurmountable desire forward. Against the background of a skyskle, she is similar to the bird soaring in the sky.

The sculpture of mother's motherland looks perfectly from all sides at any time of the year: in the summer, when the Kurgan is covered with a solid herbal carpet, and a winter evening - a light, illuminated spotlights. The majestic statue, speaking on the background of the dark blue sky, as if grows from Kurgan, merging with his snowy cover.

abote Sculptor E. V. Vuchetich and Engineer N. V. Nikitin is a multi-meter figure of a woman, stepped forward with a raised sword. The statue is an allegorical way of the Motherland, which is the name of his sons to fight with the enemy. In the artistic sense, the Statue is a modern interpretation of the image of an ancient goddess of Victory Niki, who calls on its sons and daughters to fight the enemy, continue further offensive.

Construction of the monument was started in May 1959 and completed on October 15, 1967. Sculpture at the time of creation was the highest than the world in the world. Restoration work on the main monument of the ensemble monument was carried out twice: in 1972 and 1986, in particular in 1972 the sword was replaced.

Valentine Isotova was a prototype of sculpture (on other information Peshkov Anastasia Antonovna, a graduate of the Barnaul Pedagogical School of 1953).

68-year-old Valentina Isotova was a model in creating the famous Russian Mother Mother Memorial. For almost 40 years she did not say that he participated in its creation.

Could I refuse when sculptors asked me to pose for a statue in memory of the huge losses incurred by the Red Army in Stalingrad? But I was horrified when they stated that I should pose nude.

It was the beginning of the 1960s, and decent women did not undress in any way but their husbands. Artists, even such respected and famous, as Lev Mainrenko, who worked on a memorial, did not mean anything for a 26-year-old woman.

I turned to me. I worked as a waitress in the main restaurant of the city of Volgograd - he is now there - and usually served the hall reserved for high-ranking party functionaries and delegations. Lev said that I am beautiful and embody all the physical and moral qualities of an ideal Soviet woman. Finally, I was flattered, how else?

Curiosity took up, and I agreed to pose. None of us and ideas had some famous "Motherland-Mother". Volgograd (former Stalingrad) is known for this sculpture as well as the battle-walked here.

My husband did not like that I would pose a group of artists sent from Moscow. He was terribly jealous and drove me for each session to the studio, which they arranged on the old plant of gas apparatuses.

After some time, it became the same work as any other, I almost did not think about what was standing in a swimsuit, and I was glad that I was paid three rubles a day, because then it was a decent amount. But only six months later I was finally filed on the sculptors of sculptors to remove the bra and expose the chest. But it was all. I was unshakable in my determination to keep the remnants of modesty and not to pose quite naked. It was unthinkable.

No one except relatives and closest friends did not know about it. Shortly after the sessions ended, I went to receive the first higher education: I have two diplomas - an economist and engineer. Then I left Volgograd and began to live and work in Norilsk.

After the opening of the Memorial in 1967, I thought about it a little and lived my life.

In October 2010, work began to ensure the security of the statue.

The sculpture is made of pre-stressed reinforced concrete blocks - 5,500 tons of concrete and 2400 tons of metal structures (without base on which it costs).

The overall height of the monument is 85-87 meters. It is installed on a concrete foundation of 16 meters deep. The height of a female figure is 52 meters (mass - over 8 thousand tons).

The statue stands on the plate with a height of only 2 meters, which rests on the main foundation. This foundation is 16 meters high, but it is almost not visible - most of it is hidden under the ground. Statue stands freely on the plate, like a chess piece on the board.

The thickness of the reinforced concrete walls of the sculpture is only 25-30 centimeters. Inside, the entire statue consists of individual cell cells, like rooms in the building. The rigging of the frame is supported by ninety-nine metal cables that are constantly in tension.

A sword is 33 meters long and a weight of 14 tons was originally made of stainless steel, covered with titanium sheets. The huge mass and high sailboat of the sword caused by its colossal sizes caused a strong swinging of the sword when exposed to wind loads, which led to an excessive mechanical stress in the place of attachment of the hand holding a sword to the body of sculpture. The deformation of the design of the sword also caused the movement of the sheets of titanium trim, creating an unpleasant sound of a rattling metal. Therefore, in 1972, the blade was replaced by another - entirely consisting of fluorinated steel - and in the upper part of the sword there were holes that allowed to reduce its sailboat. The reinforced concrete structure of the sculpture was strengthened in 1986 on the recommendation of the NIIZB expert group under the leadership of R. L. Gray.

There are very few similar sculptures in the world, for example, the statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Motherland-Mother in Kiev, a monument to Peter I in Moscow. For comparison, the height of the statue of freedom from a pedestal is 46 meters.

The most complex calculations of the stability of this design were made by Dr. Technical Sciences N. V. Nikitin - the author of the calculation of the sustainability of the Ostankino television. At night, the statue is illuminated by spotlights.

"The horizontal displacement of the upper part of the 85 meter monument currently amounted to 211 millimeters or 75% of the permissible calculations. Deviations go from 1966. If from 1966 to 1970, the deviation was 102 millimeters, then from 1970 to 1986 - 60 millimeters, until 1999 - 33 millimeters, from 2000-2008 - 16 millimeters, "the State Historical and Memorial Museum-Reserve said the director of FGUK" Stalingrad Battle "" Alexander Velichkin.

Interesting Facts

The sculpture of "Mother's Mother" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the biggest sculpture-statue in the world at that time. Its height is 52 meters, hand length - 20 and sword - 33 meters. The total height of the sculpture is 85 meters. The weight of the sculpture is 8 thousand tons, and the sword is 14 tons (for comparison: the statue of freedom in New York in the height of 46 meters; the statue of the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro is 38 meters). At the moment, the statue ranks 11th in the list of the highest statues of the world.
Vuchetical told Andrei Sakharov: "I am asked the authorities, why her mouth opened, because it is ugly. I answer: she screams - for their homeland ... Your mother! - shut up. "
There is a legend, according to which a person was lost shortly after creating a sculpture; After that, no one seen him. But this is only a legend
The silhouette of the sculpture "Motherland-Mother" was taken as a basis for the development of the coat of arms and the flag of the Volgograd region

In the course of construction, Vuctech has repeatedly made changes to the project. A little-known fact: at first the main monument of the ensemble should look completely different. At the top of Kurgan, the author wanted to put the sculpture of Mother's Motherland with a red banner and a cranked fighter. On the initial plan, two monumental stairs were conducted. They managed to build when Vuchetich went to Khrushchev, the then leader of the country, and convinced him that it would be better if people would rise to the serpentine path.

But this is not all the changes that Master has introduced the finished project. About how it all happened, I was told by Valentina Klyushin, the former years of the Deputy Director of the Memorial. In the years of creating the complex, she worked in the Volgograd City Executive Committee and supervised the construction site.

- "Motherland-mother" Vuchetich decided to leave one. He removed the pompous pedestal, practically repeating the one on which his winner soldier stands in the Trept-Park. The main figure began above - 36 meters. But this option existed for long. As soon as the builders managed to make a foundation, as the author increased the size of the sculpture. Up to 52 meters! In the competition, the superpower was necessary that the chief monument of the USSR was higher than the American Statue of Freedom. I had to urgently "prigore" the foundation so that it can stand the 85-meter (together with the sword) sculpture, weighing 8 thousand tons. In the mound, then lay 150 thousand tons of land. And since the deadlines were pressed, a military battalion was allocated to help the brigades.

Validation came out with the current hall of military glory. It was assumed to install the panorama cloth. As soon as the "box" of the building was built, vuchetical decides that the panorama must be placed separately. What then did. And in the finished building around the perimeter of the walls there are mosaic banners with the names of the fallen defenders of the city. This question quickly spent quickly through the CPSU Central Committee.

With these most banners, there was also confusion. This is what Koshev told:

Worked with Mosaic Masters from Leningrad. And the art glass was supplied from the Ukrainian city of Lisichansk. Mosales laid out the interior as the material arrives. When everything was ready and removed the forests, everything was abuned. Tone on the wall was so distinguished that she resembled a chessboard. The term of delivery of the object was approached. And nothing remained anything, how to call "upstairs". This time Brezhnev. He immediately scored a rustle to the first secretary of the Central Committee of Ukraine and explained to him. In short, in a few days the car was taken to Volgograd a new glass.

Now imagine: in the courtyard June, it remains four months before the opening of the memorial. And it is necessary to restore the forests again, prepare and lay more than a thousand square meters of multi-colored glass pieces. The legendary commander of the 62nd Army of Vasily Chuikov very much helped here. By, by the way, he had a chief certificate of the project. At the disposal of the Staff of construction, 500 soldiers were submitted. Worked fighters in Stakhanovsky. After three weeks, the interior of the hall found a conceived appearance.

But these are not all the difficulties that the creators of the complex collided. In one of the spring days of the same 1967, the critical situation was formed with a 33-meter sword.

... As usual, the chief engineer Volgogradhrostroy Yuri Abramov in the morning went to work at the headquarters. On the way he came across a flock of boys arguing ... Why is it so strong swinging the sword in the hand of "Motherland"? Abramov raised his head and was horrified. Immediately conducted a RAM, and the next day the Special Commission came from Moscow. Soon it turned out that the designers did not take into account these perennial observations of the Rose of Winds. So it turned out that the sword turned out to be deployed in relation to the wind. I urgently had to make a few holes in it so that he could freeze freely. In addition, the Commission generally recommended replacing a heavy titanium sword on a lighter steel.

At the finish of construction, 50 powerful spotlights needed to highlight the sculpture. They could not get them anywhere. The country at that time was preparing to celebrate the 50th anniversary of October - and everything that was produced, it went to Moscow and Leningrad in difficultakers. The key was sent to the capital to the chairman of the MOSCORSPOLCOM. He said that Moscow is not able to help. And advised to travel to the manufacturer. And Klychev rushed to the city of Gusev, which in the Kaliningrad region. The director of "Electomasha" on request, too, only spread his hands. Then he thought and suggested Valentine to perform the factory radio before the workers and ask them to work on above the norm. Organized two additional shifts and searchlights "Sair" went to Volgograd. On October 15, 1967, the monument of the ensemble was solemnly open.

Eight years and five months continued construction. Almost forty years is a memorial. He always looked worthy. Even when everything in the country collapsed and came into disrepair, the grass was neatly trimmed in the mound. But only people working here know what this order costs. And how do you have to beat the money from the authorities of all ranks to patch and repair a huge unique farm.

Someone inadvertently expressed that, they say, "Mother's Mother" was so tilted that he could soon fall. Fuck it. "Any construction of this type," says the director of the memorial, retired Vladimir Berlov, - can bend. It is even stipulated by designers. For example, the project of our monument is designed to deviate 272 millimeters. Figure, - continues Berlov - constantly examined for the formation of cracks, roughness, its position is analyzed. And the analysis of concrete chips conducted in the German laboratory showed an excellent condition of the design and the presence of the necessary stock of the strength. From the inside it is supported by 99 tension ropes. Believe me, the director argues, this system will not allow the monument to put it up to a critical level. "

You can take a walk with Sergey Shares inside the monument

And here is a walk with Artemia Lebedev

At the end of June 1941, he saw the light, perhaps the main graphic work of the Great Patriotic War, which was included in all history textbooks - Poster Irakli Tidze "Motherland-Mother calls." According to his own recognition of the artist, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a collective image of a mother calling for helping his sons came into his head completely accidentally. Hearing the first message of Sovinformbüro about the attack of fascist Germany in the USSR, the spouse Tidza ran into his workshop with a cry of "War!". An expression of her face, the artist ordered his wife to stop and immediately began to make sketches of the future masterpiece. In the future, the very concept of "Mother Mother" became almost the cornerstone of the whole Soviet propaganda, embodied in countless imitation and swinging into related fields of visual arts, including monumental.

] sources
http://www.volgastars.ru.
http://www.glavagosudarstva.ru.
http://waralbum.ru.

The original article is on the site Inforos Link to an article with which this copy is made -

The statue of the Motherland-Mother Monument, which is in Volgograd, recognizes the highest in Europe and Russia. The element of the composite center is the second part of the triptych to which the elements include such elements as: the Magnitogorsk "Rear Front" and the Berlin "Military of the Liberator".

The general picture implies a sword made in the Ural Mountains raised to protect the fatherland near Stalingrad and lowered after the capitulation of the fascist command in the capital of Germany.

The monument is located on Mamaev Kurgan almost in the center of Volgograd. It is located near the coast of the Volga and River Station. The location of the face to the northeast involves the appeal to the Fatherland with a call to stand on the struggle against the hated enemy trying to destroy everything on its path.

The elevation, which became the location of the monument, according to the legends, is the place of grave the Golden Horde Maama. This is confirmed by numerous archaeological finds made before the war.

Daily battles have continued here from September 1942. In January 1943, about 34,000 soldiers died here. That is why this place was chosen for the construction of the sculpture.

The author's idea of \u200b\u200bthe monument "Motherland-Mother calls" in Volgograd

The idea to perpetuate the place that became a turning point during the Second World War at the Supreme Commander, appeared before her end. Already at the end of 1944, a competition was announced to determine the appearance of the monument.

Not only Soviet architects and ordinary people took part in it, the variations came from foreign countries: Morocco and China. The variants depicting Stalin and the pyramid from the integrated tanks acting as the basis were rejected. As a result, the version of the sculptor Evgenia Viktorovich Vuchetich, which is called "Mother's Mother", was chosen.

The history of the construction of the monument "Motherland-Mother calls"

The statue of "Mother's Mother" in Volgograd, whose height allowed her to get into the Guinness Book of Records, was built by almost the Soviet Union. As an example, the memories of the working one of the Ural Metallurgical Plants can be given "" By learning that our metal will go to the manufacture of the frame of the monument, although it will be necessary to work in 2 shifts, we disadvantaged. "

The presented example is not united. At the stage of fillings, the shapes, any simple could cause the setting of concrete and the formation between the layers of the microde. To prevent this, cars delivering the material were marked with special ribbons, allowing to pass "on the red" light of the traffic light.

The construction of the monument was started in the summer of 1959. It lasted for 8 years and ended in the fall of 1967. For this, a large number of building material was used, as a result of which the walls of the pedestal with a thickness of 0.3 m. The foundation, fully blurred to the ground at the base, was deepened at 15 m. For what was diverted with more than 8 m.

In total, it was spent:

Concrete - 5500 tons.
Metal structures and fittings - 2,500 tons.

The main persons, the sculptor E. V. Vuchethich and the engineer N. V. Nikitin, under whose leadership a lot of other specialists opened in various directions.

For instance:

Musical accompaniment and sounding of each sculptural composition of the ensemble on Mamaev Kurgan - Dictaur A. I. Levitan, sound engineers A. I. Geraskin, director V. K. Maheoev.
Consultant for military topics Marshal of the USSR, who took direct participation in the defense of Stalingrad - V. I. Chuikov.

Priming statue

The statue of the Motherland-mother in Volgograd, the height of which was an absolute record of that time partially reminds the face of the sculptor's spouse.

There is an opinion that other people and antique figures were inspired by the author:

Girls who posted to him, but not suspect for what purposes: A. A. Peshkova; V. Isotova; E. Grebneva.
Athlete Discolk Nina Dumbadze, with whom he sculpted the figure.
The figure "Mosselase", printed on a triumphal arch in Paris.
Antique self-defraquist statue.

Whose image, in fact, Evgeny Viktorovich took as a pre-edge, no one knows. The author died at the age of 65, 7 years after the opening of his sculpture.

Elimination of lablems of construction

Concerning the stability of the design appeared at the construction stage. 2 years before the end of the commission, the commission from the Gosstroy recommended the management of strengthening the soil from the fear of "slipping" to the river bank. As a result, capital additional reinforcement and concreting on the basis of the statue was performed.

A year after the discovery, another problem appeared. The Sword of the statue made of stainless steel and the titanium sheets were made with errors in the calculations. The wide web was the reason for the appearance of excessive voltage, as a result of which swinging occurred. For winter, the metal was deformed and began to make a sharp creaking sound.

The decision was made only in 1972.

The sword was replaced with a new, cast at the local Metallurgical Plant "Red October". Now it was made of steel. Sailing was reduced by adding holes at the top. Another survey of 1986 revealed a number of deviations from the specified parameters. According to the recommendations received, work was carried out to strengthen the isow and facade.

A key error during the construction was not made by the fault of the architect and workers. "Mother-mother" was built into a difficult time for the country. Many cities have not yet been restored from Ruins, so all funds were aimed at construction, and not to develop new innovative technologies to improve the quality of concrete.

The result was periodic weathered and fine cracking of the structure under ultraviolet and strong steppe winds. Therefore, every year it is subject to small decorative repair.

Technical characteristics of monument

The base for the statue is a 2-meter pedestal based on a solid foundation. The hill on which it is located is formed artificially. Initially, the elevation was located on the spot where the church is.

Soil for embankments was transported on trucks within 1 month. According to the estimated data, more than 150 tons of land were delivered. The weight of the resulting structure of the statue is 8,000 tons of reinforced concrete.

The inner cavity is hollow, 119 metal cables are located here, each of which is designed to hold the load, equal to 60 tons. The purpose of the tension is the holding and rigidity of the entire design. The pretension control is carried out using sensors placed at the ends of stretch marks. Some of them are not whole, but are joined on intermediate floors, reinforcing concrete design.

The most complex design is located at the chest level of the monument. Mentioned steel cables distribute the structure of the design, tightening the weight of the hand weight of the monument. It should be noted that the clutch with the foundation "Motherland-Mother" does not have, thus, it holds like a chess figure, under its own weight.

Contrary to numerous speculations about the ever-existing elevator and a restaurant for VIP people and the observation platform, located in the head and sword - there is nothing here. Only the stairs can be closed in the upper part, with a height of 52 m, which has 203 steps. Most of the premises are small rooms with an area of \u200b\u200b3 * 3 m.

However, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe head and chest there are large 2 halls in which equipment that takes into account the oscillation of the structure is. You can only go to the head on a metal staircase installed vertically. To do this, you will have to overcome the mine with a diameter of no more than 1.5 m. The room has an output intended for industrial climbers. Two more are available in Ephesus.

Interesting facts about the monument "Motherland-Mother calls"

At the time of design, Vuchetich changed the concept of the project after it was approved. Initially, he suggested an option from two compositions: the warrior stands on his knees before her knees, stretching her sword.

The ideological considerations of Yevgeny Viktorovich were based on the fact that the soldier cannot give his weapons, as the war is not over. This is not the only deviation from the planned project.

A number of changes were gradually introduced that few people know:

Excursions to Mamaev Kurgan. Prices

Mamaev Kurgan is a place where there is still a bitterness of losses and the joy of victory in the Great Patriotic War. To get acquainted with the main attractions, the expositions of the memorial complex can be independently or using the services of excursions.

The review begins and ends in one place: at the foot before the staircase consisting of 200 steps, similar to the number of days that the Stalingrad battle continued. As an approximate acquaintance below, in the table, information on the cost of excursion services Museum-Reserve "Stalingrad Battle" (Mamaev Kurgan) is given.

Category, Civil Status of the tourist	Cost of services, rub.
Groups of Russian citizens and the Republic of Belarus quantity from 1 to 5	1 200 for group
Groups of foreign citizens amount from 1 to 5	2 500 for group
Citizen of the Russian Federation and RB	250
Pupils of the Russian Federation, RB, Applicants of higher educational institutions of full-time education	150
Pupils of medium educational institutions of the Russian Federation, RB	100
Citizens of foreign states	400

The cost of providing services is given in accordance with the order of the Museum-Reserve "Stalingrad Battle" of February 22, 2018

The likelihood of the destruction of the statue

The statue of "Mother's Mother" in Volgograd, whose height reaches 85 m, is able to simultane for a long time. Despite numerous structural errors, which were previously stated, the probabilities of destruction is not observed. With appropriate maintenance and control, one of the unique monuments recognized by the miracle of Russia will remain as much for many years.

Starting from 1966, the statue began to deviate from its initial position. However, the calculated information show that there is nothing critical in excess of permissible standards. For example, in the period from 2000 to 2008. She shifted to 16 mm. The design features of the project suggest and allow the deviation from the vertical axis by 272 mm.

One of the most unique buildings of Russia throughout the history of existence pursue various legends and stories. If one of them are real, then a number of others are simply fiction.

If we talk about facts from the present past, you can select the following:

Among fairy tales are the most common are 2:

The story of the elevator, the restaurant and the observation platform functioning many years ago about which was previously said.
The myth that after the monument was opened inside him, one of the members of the reception commission was lost. Despite the huge number of small premises, get lost in them problematic.

Comparison of statues with other large monuments in the world

The statue of "Mother's Mother" in Volgograd, the height of which allows it to enter the 10 highest monuments depicting a figure of a person in full growth. If we talk about Russian sculptures, exceeds it only by the monument to Peter I, located on the Moscow River.

However, if we take into account that the Volgograd exhibit for more than 50 years, and the Moscow Total 21 and submit the difference in the technological progress of these times, preference is given to the first. The height of a person is only 18 m, and 98 is achieved taking into account the ensemble from the mast ship.

Statue of Liberty in New York

"Statue of Liberty" translated from English means "illuminating the world of freedom." It is located near New York Manhattan, on the island, in the middle of the bay. The monument was built at the end of the XIX century as a reminder of the independence century of the United States. What is noteworthy, not Americans were engaged in construction statues, but the French, but the element itself was presented as a gift.

The monument represents women dressed in Hiton, covering all her body, with the exception of head, hands and feet. Bosy legs it stands on torn chains, personifying independence. On the head there is a 7-finite crown, in the right raised hand - a lit torch, in the left - Skriegalal, reminding the date of adoption of the independence declaration.

Unlike the Volgograd monument, thin copper sheets were used to build here, which minted in wooden forms and were installed on the steel base.

You can get acquainted with the technical characteristics of the Freedom Statue in the table below:

Statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro

The Brazilian statue is attributed to the new 7 wonders of light. Its height is 38 m, but due to the fact that it is located at the highest point, periodically it becomes the so-called threshold. Approximately 4 - 5 times a year in it lightning.

The date of the foundation of the monument is equal to the Century of Brazil Independence Anniversary.

Work on it was started in 1922, after 9 years the construction was completed. The uniqueness of the work performed is that for a number of reasons, they are not possible in place. As a result, the design of the frame took place in France. For this, reinforced concrete and talco chlorite was used.

You can familiarize yourself with the general technical characteristics of the Statue of Christ Rio de Janeiro in Table:

Buddha statue in Japan

In Japanese, she is called the Daibunts Unscake that in translation means a big buddha, it is located in the city of mustache. This is the third largest statue in the world and the largest of the bronze made. Rises above the ground at a height of 120 m, of which the size of the platform is only 20 m.

With its appearance, it shows that he transmits the teaching to followers heading along the right path of enlightenment. The right hand is in the raised state, the left is lowered along the body. The palms are deployed towards observers. The index and thumb of each of them is connected in the tips, the rest are direct.

The technical characteristics of the monument are shown in the table:

Motherland mother in Ukraine

The monument was opened in 1981. It was the first steel monument of such sizes built on the territory of the Soviet Union. Work on the appearance of the statue was performed by E. V. Vuchethich, who created the Motherland on Mamaev Kurgan. The sudden death of the sculptor did not stop the work. His case continued Vasily Boroday and a number of other specialists who worked with Evgenia Viktorovich.

The statue on the shore of the Dnieper is depicted in the form of a woman holding a sword in one hand, and in another shield, symbolizing the defense of the fatherland. The design of the hollow, inside it has 2 elevators designed to move the service and repair personnel. In the early 2000s, the excursions were allowed to rise into the upper part of the statue, where the observation deck was equipped.

However, in 2003 there was a case of a visitor's fall, as a result, the entrance was limited. Regular inspections of the technical condition suggest that the margin of the monument of the Motherland-Mother's monument is available for more than 150 years.

You can get acquainted with the technical characteristics of the statue in the table:

The Motherland-Mother statue emphasizes the high moral spirit of the Russian people, the Creator of the Great Historical Event, who has prevented the course of the Great Patriotic War. Fights for Volgograd (Stalingrad) revealed the unrequited love of the soldier to the dedication, regardless of nationality and civil status.

Article clearance: Lozinsky Oleg.

Video about the statue of the motherland mother

The history of the creation of the statue of the motherland Mother in Volgograd:

"15 years of search and doubts, sadness and joy, rejected and found solutions. What did we want to tell people by this monument on the historic Mamaev Kurgan, on the site of bloody battles and immortal feats? We sought to convey, first of all, the disadvantageous moral spirit of Soviet warriors, from the selfless devotion of the Motherland, "said the Great Soviet sculptor at the opening of the memorial Evgeny Vuctech.

Before building a memorial, the peak of Kurgan was the terrain located 200 meters from the current vertex. Now it is located the temple of all saints. The current vertex formed artificially to build a monument.

At the design stage, Vuchetich constantly made changes. Initially, the project assumed the presence of two figures (a woman and a cranked soldier), and in the hand of the mother-mother-mother should not keep a sword, but a red banner. But they refused him, as from the magnificent decorated pedestal. The monumental stairs, which have already been built, were replaced by a carriage-serpentine, which like a tape is looking for a statue. The dimensions changed and the size of the mother rose from 36 meters to 52. Although the plan of the sculptor is not here, just Nikita Khrushchev said in an ultimative form that it should certainly be higher than the Statue of Freedom.

Mamaev Kurgan, on which the monument is located, has always been a strategic object, a panorama of the city has opened. Of the 200 days of the Stalingrad battle, the struggle for Mamaev Kurgan lasted 135 days. He and in the snowy course remained black: the snow here quickly melted from breaking bombs. Every square meter accounted for 500 to 1250 bullets and fragments. In the first post-war spring, Mamaev Kurgan was not conceded, even her grass has not grown in the burnt ground.

According to the most modest calculations, about 35 thousand people were buried at Mamaev Kurgan. In place of this huge fraternal grave and built the main monument of Russia.

Mother's motherland is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the biggest sculpture of the statue in the world. Its total height is 85 meters, weight - 8 thousand tons. The most complex calculations of the stability of this design did the Doctor of Technical Sciences Nikolai Nikitin (he also participated in the design of Moscow State University and the Ostankino Tower). At the moment, the statue ranks 11th in the list of the highest statues of the world. The highest sculpture was built in 2008. This is the statue of Buddha in the Chinese province Henan, her height together with the pedestal - 153 meters.

A sword is 33 meters long and a weight of 14 tons was originally made of stainless steel, covered with titanium sheets. But the wind of the sheets of titanium shells thundered, and additionally loaded the hand. As a result, the blade was replaced by another - entirely consisting of fluorinated steel.

During the construction of the monument, a stable supply of concrete was needed, otherwise the seams between the layers could not be durable. Trucks that carried out the delivery of concrete for the construction of the monument were marked with ribbons of a certain color. Drivers were allowed to pass "on red", the traffic police were forbidden to stop them.

From the foot to the top platform leads 200 degrees, by the number of days of the Stalingrad battle. Inside the statue itself, it also had to be 200 degrees. But at the expense of the spans, their number increased to 203.

The entrance to the outsiders is strictly prohibited, which is why it covered with rumors and riddles. Many people think that in the mouth there is an observation deck, and closer to the ear restaurant for VIP persons. However, it is not. According to another legend, soon after the creation in the sculpture, a person was lost, after that no one had seen him.

At the monument on Mamaev Kurgan - a fighter with a machine gun and a grenade and the inscription on the pedestal "stand to death!" Marshal's face of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov. He was the main military consultant of the Memorial. According to the will of the commander of the 62nd Army buried on Mamaev Kurgan.

According to the memories of the Soviet physics, Academician Andrei Sakharov, Evgeny Vuchetich, the author of the memorial ensemble heroes of the Stalingrad battle at Mamaev Kurgan in Volgograd, shared with him in a private conversation: "I am asked the authorities, why did she open with her mouth, because it is ugly. I answer: And she screams - for the homeland ... Your mother! "

The monument is the second part of the triptych, which also consists of the "Rear-Front" monuments in Magnitogorsk and the "Warrior-Liberator" in the Berlin Trept-Park. It is understood that the sword, stitched on the shore of the Urals, then raised his mother's mother in Stalingrad and lowered after the victory in Berlin.

The silhouette of the sculpture "Motherland" was taken as a basis for developing the coat of arms and the flag of the Volgograd region.

On May 9, 2045, a capsule was opened in Volgograd to the 100th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War in Mamaev Kurgan with the appeal of the participants of the war to descendants.

There is another motherland-mother - in Kiev, it is also the creation of a voutis. Stands on the right bank of the Dnieper. She is 23 meters less than his companion, however, standing on a huge pedestal, within which the museum is located. Due to this, the total height of it above.

In Moscow, there is a copy of the head of the Volgograd Motherland's Motherland. She hides behind the fence of the workshop of a verticious street on the street.

Perhaps the biggest riddle - from whom they left the motherland mother, challengers are enough. 79-year-old resident of Barnaul Anastasia Peshkov on the eve of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the victory near Stalingrad announced that she became a prototype of the famous sculpture of Vuchetich. In 2003, Valentina Isotova made the same statement. She worked as a waitress in the "Volgograd" restaurant and argued that she was invited to work in a simulator himself. "I paid 3 rubles per hour. There is a lot of me from me - the neck, sons of hands, legs, hips - all my! " - said Isota. Another contender - Ekaterina Grebneva, a sports gymnast, and now a well-deserved teacher in pensions. She also posed for anybody, but does not claim uniqueness: "This collective image. I think that I did not have one posing for sculptors. "

However, the former deputy director of the monument of the ensemble "Heroes of the Stalingrad Battle" Valentina Koshenda of all the contender calls the impostors: "Figure Yevgeny Viktorovich did with Nina Dumbadze, a famous discolkie. She posed him in Moscow, in his workshop. But behind the face of the sculpture of Evgeny Viktorovich is not going to go far Became. He created him with a spouse - faith of Nikolaevna. And sometimes she called the sculpture with the name of his wife - Verochka. "

Made of pre-stressed reinforced concrete - 5,500 tons of concrete and 2400 tons of metal structures (without base on which it stands).

The overall height of the monument is 87 meters. It is installed on a stove with a height of only 2 meters, which rests on the main foundation of 16 meters high, most of which is hidden under the ground.

The height of a female figure is 52 meters (mass - over 8 thousand tons). Statue stands statue standing freely on the plate, like a chess piece on the board. Inside, the whole statue consists of individual cell cells. The rigidity of the frame is supported by 99 metal cables constantly in tension.

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The sculpture "Motherland-Mother calls!" Was 45 years old.Andrei Mireyko