Bolshie Vyazemy is a large urban village located 20 kilometers from the city of Odintsovo in the Moscow region.
First of all, Vyazemy is associated with the name of Pushkin. Alexander Sergeevich spent his entire childhood, right up to entering the lyceum, in the Zakharovo estate, located next to Bolshiye Vyazemy. Zakharovo belonged to the poet’s maternal grandmother, Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. It was in Zakharovo and Vyazemy that Pushkin first encountered Russian nature, the life of landowners and peasants, and here he began to write his first poems.
There was no church on Maria Alekseevna’s estate, and the Pushkins went to Vyazemy for church services. At one of the balls held in Vyazemy, the poet first met Natalya Goncharova.
Two estates are reflected in the poem “Eugene Onegin”. Zakharovo became the prototype of the Larins’ estate, and Bolshie Vyazemy became the Onegin’s house. The palace of Golitsyn, the owner of the estate in Bolshiye Vazemy, is called the House of the Queen of Spades. Pushkin never hid the fact that the prototype of the main character of the story was Princess N.P. Golitsyna, mother of the owner of the Vyazema estate. The history of this estate is connected not only with the Golitsyn family, but also with other famous families. With which ones?.. You will find out by reading the text to the end.
Bolshie Vyazemy - history
Now Bolshie Vyazemy ranks second in the Odintsovo district in terms of the number of industrial enterprises. But was it always like this? Why is Bolshie Vyazemy attractive for sightseeing tours? Let's go back four and a half centuries.
In Russia they learned about Bolshie Vyazemy in 1556. Here one could stop in order to change horses and rest before arriving in Moscow - not yet an estate, but a Yamsk station. Bolshiye Vyazemy was the last stop on the Smolensk road before arriving in the capital. Here, meetings were often scheduled with foreign ambassadors who were not given the honor of being received at a luxurious reception in the royal chambers.
Perhaps it was political importance that played a decisive role in the fact that in 1586 Bolshie Vyazemy was granted to Boris Godunov. He immediately started construction at the pit station.
Big Vyazemy is changing before our eyes. A manor house, St. Nicholas Church, and the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord grew up. Pawned St. John the Theologian Monastery, building under construction trade fairs. Boris Godunov surrounds all this splendor with a wooden wall with five watchtowers. Bolshiye Vyazemy is essentially turning into a fortress.
During the Time of Troubles, Bolshie Vyazemy became the country palace of False Dmitry. In 1606, Maria Mniszech stopped here. She brought with her a retinue of thousands and stayed in the palace for only a short time. And after her departure, a strong fire broke out in the Bolshie Vyazemy estate, destroying most of the estate. The Time of Troubles was generous with uprisings, which often ended in fires. In one of them, Boris Godunov’s tower burned down...
When Mikhail Fedorovich, the founder of the Romanov dynasty, came to power, in 1618 he assigned the Bolshie Vyazemy estate to the palace department.
The next few decades were not marked by any important events. The buildings of Big Elms are slowly beginning to wither away.
In 1694, thanks to Peter the Great, the estate became the property of Boris Golitsyn and since then Bolshie Vyazemy has been forever associated with the Golitsyn family. And, although the associate of the first Russian emperor already had the comfortable estate of Dubrovitsa, he put a lot of effort into reviving Vyazem. Peter I himself came to Bolshie Vyazemy only twice - in 1701 and 1705.
In Bolshiye Vyazemy, in addition to the manor house, there was a cloth factory, two mills, a horse farm and a dam. The village consisted of 30 households. At the end of the 18th century, a palace was built here, around which a beautiful park was laid out. I loved to walk along it A.S. Pushkin, arriving in Vyazemy.
An interesting fact is that in 1812 both Kutuzov and Napoleon stayed in Bolshie Vyazemy. No documentary evidence has been preserved, but they say that they could spend the night in the same room with a difference of only a day!
Pavel I and N.V. also visited Bolshiye Vyazemy. Gogol, L.N. Tolstoy.
The last owner of the estate, Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn, established a suburban village. The beautiful, truly Russian area fell in love with the Russian aristocracy.
But the revolution came, and Vyazemy turned into a state farm. The manor house houses a shelter for street children. Subsequently, a dozen different institutions replaced each other in the Bolshie Vyazemy estate: a sanatorium, a parachute school, a tank school, and various institutes.
About 60 valuables were taken from the estate, among which were an engraving depicting the Golitsyn family tree and family jewelry. Unique family books have been distributed to regional libraries.
What can you see when you come to Bolshie Vyazemy on an excursion tour?
It’s good that people have the habit of coming to their senses on time. At the end of the 1980s, local historians began to create a museum in Bolshie Vyazemy.
And in 1994, a Pushkin Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve, consisting of two estates - Zakharovo and Bolshiye Vyazemy. In the same year, the museum was awarded the title of State Museum-Reserve.
Now, when you come to Bolshiye Vyazemy on a one-day tour, you can see the palace and park ensemble, which has preserved elements of the 16th century, the Church of the Transfiguration, a palace with two wings, a belfry, several domestic buildings and a park of the 19th century.
The museum is very interesting, it presents a wide variety of exhibitions - there are even doll rooms and tin soldiers in 19th-century uniforms. The interiors of the rooms, the uniforms, the portraits of the owners... It’s truly cozy here, you don’t want to leave.
In Zakharov there is a pond on the bank of which Pushkin loved to sit, choosing rhymes for words. The manor building has been completely restored and houses "museum of childhood" of the poet. Truly unique items telling about the culture of the 17th-19th centuries are stored here.
If you value the heritage we inherited from the best representatives of the Russian aristocracy, if you want to introduce your children to the history of Russia, inseparable from the history of individual people, you definitely need to go to Bolshie Vyazemy for the weekend. Walk along the alleys of the park, sit by the pond, visit exhibitions, see the original belfry and go to the temple... We can say with confidence that the Bolshiye Vyazemy estate will not disappoint and will be remembered for a long time.
We stopped by (on the road)! As it turned out, the last time we visited was somewhere before 1994 (when Vyazemy and Zakharovo were united). Results: The church, more or less “fresh”, the belfry, even “fresh”, the lower church has been restored (the interior is completely new), the top is open only once a year (they said on the Assumption), there is a lot of work there, and even on the walkway NOT allowed!; The Horse Yard was restored; The palace, from the outside, looks very good, on the inside, peelings and leaks are already visible, but overall not bad. But the “filling” is much better, much better! Especially the last halls of the second floor (children’s rooms and things), and even two libraries !; The park has been Slightly landscaped, and there are three observation decks on the shore (in my opinion, unnecessary, except in autumn-winter). ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">
TWO busts of Our Everything appeared, and a monument in honor of the Russian/French camp. Ticket 200 (as part of the excursion - 350), PARK - 30 ("forced" service), exhibitions - 100-150 each, toilet (at the parking lot) - 10 ,drink tea (2) + three rolls - 350! In short, the tendency is clear - to pay FOR EVERYTHING and separately. Therefore, they did NOT take photos! The park was NOT impressive, and the “shore”, as beautiful as it was, remains so! take an excursion, if possible, on weekdays, and just join in (they don’t “condemn”). I was left with a pleasant impression, but with this “trend”, EVERYTHING will become more expensive (almost for no reason!).
The museum complex is wonderful. Here you can either book individual excursions (almost 2,000 rubles + entrance tickets, call in advance), or visit the so-called “duty excursions”, which are held daily at 12.00 and 14.00, the ticket price is 350 rubles per person, there are no benefits for children. We were on just such a “duty excursion” on Saturday at 12.00, there were less than 10 people, the duration was more than 1.5 hours, we visited the horse yard, the temple, the park and the palace itself with all the exhibitions.
The excursion is mainly dedicated to the owners of the estate - the Golitsyns - rather than to Pushkin, who visited here only as a child. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">
We really enjoyed.
traveler ★★★★★
(14-01-2017)
I definitely liked the museum. As the Great Schemer says, “not everything is smooth, but the main thing is that the chairs are intact.” If you want to get sunstroke, then go to France. But here is Russia and nothing can be done about it. Thank you for restoring at least something. Bow to the director of the museum, who they say literally lives the museum. Go to the toilet and you will understand what is good and what is bad..
A small cozy manor. Beautiful church. Only the ground floor is open. Everything there has been renovated, but it’s a bit cramped. Their museums were visited only in the main estate. We did not attend the current exhibitions in the outbuilding. The main manor house has been restored with high quality, a huge amount of work has been done. I really liked it inside. Classical music concerts are held in one of the halls (the library on the 1st floor). The park is being improved and looks good for mid-April; I think it will be green and beautiful in the summer. In principle, the employees are friendly, but I was a little surprised by the situation that did not happen to us. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">
Immediately after us, an intelligent wedding couple with about 5 guests came to the ticket office and paid for a photo session in the halls of the estate at the ticket office. When they arrived at the house itself, the grandmother at the entrance told them for about 15 minutes that they still had to coordinate this with the director of the museum, although the ticket office didn’t tell them anything like that. Somehow the employees of one museum need to learn to negotiate among themselves and not spoil people’s holiday.
The church and belfry are magnificent, the manor house gives an approximate idea of the interiors of the 17th-19th centuries, because... the original furnishings have not been preserved. The park is small, the pond is completely overgrown. Two things seemed negative to us: constant noise from the road and an antediluvian toilet.
We visited on March 8, for independent tourists excursions on weekends at 12 and 14 o'clock, approximately 1.5-2 hours, excursion cost 250 rubles/person, photo 175 rubles. or self-excursion without a guide. A beautiful church, but only the lower floor is open, the second floor is closed, restoration is not underway, and the main highlight is, at the moment, the only such original belfry. The restoration of the estate has been completed, 2 floors are open, beautiful interiors, but the park is not well-groomed, although this may be true in March. I recommend... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">
combine with the Zakharovo estate.
Avtodor ★★★★★
(25-11-2013)
Definitely worth a visit! At 12.00 and 14.00 on Saturdays and Sundays there are on-duty excursions for approximately 1.5-2 hours. The guide's story was a little chaotic, but still interesting. The manor house has been almost completely restored; landscaping work is still underway in the park. And regarding the closure of the park: well, if modern people cannot behave like human beings and make a mess everywhere... they mutilate trees, leave garbage... there are even notices about this.
and the winter schedule seems to indicate that the park will close at 20... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">
00, which is quite acceptable.
Konstantin ★★★★★
(28-07-2013)
I visited here after a 10-year break and saw dramatic changes. The estate has been restored (work is still ongoing), fenced, the park is neat with beautiful flower beds and new monuments. There is parking and a clean toilet. Visiting the park is free. I walked around the main house for almost 2 hours looking at everything in detail. Ticket 150 rubles, photo 175 (a little expensive). On the 2nd floor there is a stunning exhibition of artifacts from the Napoleonic wars (weapons and other items). There is an exhibition dedicated to Tarkovsky in the outbuilding, but I didn’t have enough strength. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">
And the temple is magnificent.
margarita ★★★☆☆
(9-07-2013)
I live nearby, but it’s impossible to get into the park because... it works from 9 to 18.
Even in the heat of summer. You come home from work and everything is closed. I have lived next to this park all my life. We always walked there, went skiing in winter, but now everything is closed. The park is now well maintained, but it is for employees, not people. The park employees are angry, dissatisfied with their lives and salaries. Who needs such beauty? We go for a walk in Zakharovo Park. A completely different attitude towards people, I want to come again.
Ekaterina ★★★★☆
(18-08-2012)
Active restoration work is underway, preparations are being made for the arrival of statesmen during the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino! A beautiful well-kept park, a well-maintained estate, a powerful temple and an extraordinary bell tower - all this can be seen in Vyazemy. The Zakharovo estate is located nearby!
The manor house is currently undergoing restoration, which is promised to be completed by the 200th anniversary of the Napoleonic invasion, i.e. by September 2012. A serious drawback of B. Vyazem as a vacation spot is constant noise from the Mozhaisk highway. And you can’t escape the influence of the growing city of Golitsyno, which covers the reserve from almost all sides.
Of interest to lovers and connoisseurs of Russian history and, to a lesser extent, to amateur Pushkin scholars.
Lesya ★★★★☆
(6-12-2011)
Nice place, I really liked the park. Especially the sundial. I remember the little belfry! Almost everything is under restoration, a lot of things are not shown. But we have many places that need repairs, so we can only be glad that restoration efforts are underway here.
Local ★★☆☆☆
(19-11-2011)
I live next to this museum, if I may say so. Complete remake and sucks. Not a single real exhibit. Whether Pushkin was here is a big question. At a conscious age - most likely not.
We visited here on 05/02/10. A beautiful restored palace, park, dam. We arrived at 12:00 for the excursion. I liked the guide, she explained everything well, and took us around the park and buildings. And I liked the museum exhibition, there is a lot of things, there is something for antiquity lovers to see. I really liked the little things embroidered with beads, and the doll’s house was great too))) Lots of books from that time, porcelain. And the park, to be honest, is not very good. The proximity of a busy highway spoils the whole impression ((And the flowers... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">
there weren’t any in the park(((They would really decorate the estate!
A beautiful place, a well-preserved estate.
Excursions for unorganized tourists are still at 12.00 and 14.00 on weekends.
The impression was spoiled by drunken weddings on site and a boring lady tour guide. The place is very interesting, but the story about it didn’t work out.
For such a large house, there are still not enough restored interiors, but on the second floor there is a piece of a nursery with a doll's house. The daughter was dragged by the ears and was glued to the spot. Otherwise everything is beautiful and well maintained. They just constantly ask for tickets to filming and the caretakers discuss their business very loudly and for some reason they drink tea in the halls, rattling dishes. The park is small and a little neglected, which gives it a special charm.
A nice place. The buildings included in the estate-museum complex have been restored. The church and bell tower are interesting. There is also something to see inside the museum premises. Comparison with Zakharov is pointless. In Zakharov everything was restored again for Pushkin’s anniversary. THERE only the foundation of the house remained original.
Bolshie Vyazemy is a good place to stop by on a fine Sunday day.
Alena ★★★★☆
(4-12-2007)
We visited in the fall of 2007. Okay, nice. The estate is in excellent condition, there are many signs, however, it is not always possible to find everything indicated, but we will assume that this is our mistake. The river bank is wild, full of weeds and traces of gatherings. However, overall the visit leaves a positive impression.
IN State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin (Vyazema estate) On February 10, the traditional day of memory of the great Russian poet took place. On this day, February 10 (January 29), 1837, A.S. Pushkin died from a wound received in a duel with Dantes. The Vyazema estate has a long and rich history. In the 16th century, the palace of Tsar Boris Godunov stood here, surrounded by fortress walls; he also erected the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity here, which has survived to this day. During the Time of Troubles, False Dmitry I lived in the palace, and Maria Mnishek also visited here. The first Romanov tsars also visited Vyazemy, and Peter I gave the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn. In 1812, first Kutuzov and then Napoleon stayed at the estate. A.S. Pushkin’s brother Nikolai is buried near the Transfiguration Church, and the poet’s estate is located nearby in Zakharovo.
Photos are clickable, with geographic coordinates and linked to a Yandex map, 02.2016.
Historical reference:
A settlement on the site of the modern Vyazema estate has existed since the 14th century. The name Vyazemy was first found in documents of the 16th century; under Ivan the Terrible, Vyazemy was the last station before Moscow along the Great Smolensk Road. Then the village was called Nikolskoye-Vyazemy. At the end of 1584, the village was donated by Tsar Fedor I Ioannovich to his brother-in-law Boris Godunov, who immediately started a large construction project here.
Under him, a wooden country palace, a stone belfry and a five-domed Trinity Church were built here, and a dam was built on the river. Vyazyomka. Here were also located the wooden church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the monastery of St. John the Theologian, which arose back in pre-Godunovsky times. The ensemble of the royal residence near Moscow was surrounded by a moat, a rampart and a wooden wall with six towers, which is why Vyazemy acquired the appearance of a fortress - a “fortress”.
After the death of Boris Godunov, Vyazemy passed to False Dmitry I, who in the winter of 1606 staged a “funny battle” here between the German guards and Polish cavalry with the Moscow boyars. In May of the same year, Marina Mnishek stopped for five days in Vyazemy, on her way to Moscow. After her departure, a fire broke out in the village, turning 30 peasant households to ashes. In 1611, peace negotiations with Jan Sapieha took place here.
In 1618, the wooden palace of Boris Godunov, along with the “prison,” burned down, and the place where it stood was later built up. During the Time of Troubles, the Monastery of St. John the Theologian and St. Nicholas Church burned down. After the “Ravage of Moscow”, only the Trinity Church, the belfry and the dam remained from the former royal residence.
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich stayed in the Trinity Church during his trips to Zvenigorod.
In 1694, Peter I granted the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn. In the 18th century, a clergy house was built next to the cathedral, which, together with the cathedral and belfry, was surrounded by a stone fence. In the second half of the 18th century, under the great-grandson of Boris Alekseevich, Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1729-1793), a palace (1784) and two outbuildings (1770s) were built, and a regular park was laid out at the same time.
In 1812, M.I. Kutuzov, and later Napoleon, stayed at the estate. In memory of these events, a memorial sign was erected on the estate. In 1820, a stone bridge was built across the Vyazemka. At different times, the estate was visited by Pavel I, N.M. Przhevalsky, V.Ya. Bryusov, L.N. Tolstoy. The name of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is associated with the estate. A few kilometers from here was the Hannibal estate - Zakharovo, where the poet spent his childhood. A. Pushkin’s younger brother, Nikolenka, who died in infancy, is buried near the wall of the church.
In 1987, the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin (GILMZ A. S. Pushkin) was created on the territory of the estate.
Now there are several exhibitions on the territory of the estate:
- (I recommend a mandatory visit to everyone);
- Boris Godunov Museum on the 2nd floor of the horse yard (I recommend it to archeology lovers);
- exhibition of contemporary landscape painters on the 3rd floor of the horse yard;
- “Sculptor’s Workshop”, N.A. Konenkova Museum in the eastern wing (wooden sculptures).
Sources: Internet, Wikipedia, book by A.V. Alekseev “Church Antiquities of the Zvenigorod Land”
1. Scheme of the museum of the A.S. Pushkin reserve at the Vyazema estate
2. The village of Vyazemy, Prince D.V. Golitsyn, 
3. View of the Vyazema estate, lithograph by V. Timm, 1850s, from the exhibition located in the palace 
4. Bust of Pushkin at the entrance to the museum 
5. Horse yard after restoration. In the XVI-XVII centuries. on this site was the palace of Tsar Boris Godunov (burnt down in 1618), the foundation of which was discovered during archaeological excavations (subfloor, remains of walls, wooden pipes, terracotta tiles, etc.). Now in the building of the equestrian yard there is an exhibition dedicated to Boris Godunov, and on the third floor there is an exhibition of contemporary landscape painters 
6. Horse sculpture 
7. Museum of Boris Godunov. On display are details of Boris Godunov's palace found during excavations. In the center you can see a screen showing interesting slides about the history of Boris Godunov’s palace and the archaeological excavations being carried out, I recommend viewing 
8. Right wing of the horse yard 
9. Left wing of the horse yard, now a children's center 
10. Church of the Transfiguration (originally the Life-Giving Trinity), erected by Boris Godunov in 1598, consecrated in 1600. During troubled times, it was devastated by Polish invaders. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich stayed in the church during his trips to the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery in Zvenigorod. The church was renamed Preobrazhenskaya by Prince B.A. Golitsyn, to whom Vyazemy was assigned by Peter I. In 1812, the church was destroyed again, this time by the French. In the 1930s The church was closed and reopened in 1992. 
11. Transfiguration Church and belfry, built before the church, in the 80s. 16th century 
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16. Belfry, 80s. 16th century 
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18. The fence around the church was built at the end of the 18th century 
19. Necropolis 
20. Grave of A.S. Pushkin’s brother - Nikolai 
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23. Tombstone from the grave of Pyotr Vasilyevich Durnovo, 18th century. It comes from the territory of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, where before the revolution, near the walls of the Nativity Cathedral, there was a tomb of the Durnovo family. After the monastery was closed in 1919 and the monastery necropolis was destroyed, this tombstone was taken out of town and thrown into a quarry. Several years ago it was accidentally discovered by local residents and transported to the Vyazema estate. The monument of the “Muffed Column” type (a column broken by a cube) had a clear class affiliation and was installed only on the graves of nobles 
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25. A unique tombstone, unique for its epitaph. Tombstone made of white stone, children's, peasant, transported from the old cemetery in the village. Crimean. Made in the form of a chapel pillar. The poetic epitaph is interesting and touching: “Under this stone is the resting place of the baby Sergei Shustrov born on July 15, 1913, died on August 19, 1916. Poem. Quiet fox (t)ya not make noise my Sergei sleep soundly under the stone cross he sleeps rest rest dad and mom wait " 
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27. Medieval tombstone, 1599 
28. it’s the same, you can see the inscription, a pattern in the form of a pigtail and a fork-shaped cross 
29. Under the snow there are medieval tombstones (with a fork-shaped cross) found in Zvenigorod and Kubinka. For a full list of medieval forked cross tombstones posted on my blog, see
30. Monument to A.S. Pushkin, sculptor Yu.S. Dines, architect A.V. Klimochkin, installed in 1999 for the 200th anniversary of the poet’s birth 
31. Western wing, 70s. 18th century 
32. Palace, 1784. Now there are two floors occupied by a museum, where the atmosphere of the 18th-early 20th centuries has been recreated, and the halls are dedicated to different eras and the owners of the Vyazema estate. You can take a photo tour of the palace 
33. Wildlife monument of local importance - white poplar, age 90 years. In general, on the territory of the estate almost all linden trees are 160-175 years old and they are also a monument to wildlife 
34. Golitsyn Palace from the side of the pond 
35. Panorama: eastern wing, palace, children's art school (1930) 
36. A memorial sign for the stopping of the Russian and French armies in August 1812, 2002. In the Vyazema estate in 1812, after the Battle of Borodino, first the Russian army stopped during its retreat, and then the advancing French 
On one of the fine autumn days, we went to Bolshiye Vyazemy to look at the majestic Transfiguration Church, the furnishings of the manor house, the stable building and the surrounding landscapes. The origin of the word “Vyazyomy” is not precisely established. There are two main theories. According to the first, the word comes from the Slavic “viscous”, perhaps this is due to the viscous banks of the river flowing through the territory of the estate, which bears the name Bolshaya Vyazemka, similar to the estate. Another theory attributes the word “vyazema” to Finno-Ugric roots, characteristic of the hydronymy of the Russian North (the rivers Kama, Lakshma, Lekshma, Padma).
Monument to A.S. Pushkin. 1999
sculptor Yu.S. Dines, architect A.V. Klimochkin.
Manor park. Autumn.
Back in 1585, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich granted Bolshiye Vyazemy as the patrimony of Boris Godunov, and from the early 90s of the 16th century, Boris Godunov began large-scale construction in his new possession. At this time, a wooden palace, a boyar's house, numerous services, and orchards were built on the estate. By the end of the sixteenth century, a five-domed temple in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord with a belfry was built on the estate.
The entire complex of manor buildings was surrounded by a wooden wall with five towers. Additionally, the walls were reinforced with a moat. Thus, by the end of the 16th century, the entire complex was a well-defended, powerful fortress. The defensive structures of the estate have not survived to this day, which is understandable; the need for them disappeared a long time ago.
Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Church in the village of Bolshie Vyazemy
During the Time of Troubles, Bolshiye Vyazemy became the residence of False Dmitry - his country palace was here, and here, on the way to her fiancé in the spring of 1606, Marina Mnishek stopped with her retinue of thousands. After her departure, a terrible fire broke out on the estate, destroying more than half of the village. In one of the fires of the Time of Troubles, the wooden palace of Boris Godunov also burned down.
Clergyman's house
Parochial school. The building is modern.
Nizhny Golitsynsky pond, on the Bolshaya Vyazemka River. Also known as the Gosudarev Pond.
After Mikhail Fedorovich came to the kingdom, in 1618 the Vyazems were assigned to the palace department. And in 1694, Peter the Great granted the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn, “for salvation during the Streltsy revolt.” Despite the fact that the prince visited here rarely, considering Dubrovitsy his main estate, the prince made a lot of efforts to revive Big Elms. He restored the ruined Trinity Church, reconsecrated the Church of the Transfiguration, and rebuilt the palace. According to the diaries of Peter the Great, the emperor visited Bolshie Vyazemy while passing through in 1701 and 1705. The manor house in Bolshie Vyazemy was built on May 1, 1784 by the great-grandson of Prince Boris Golitsyn, retired colonel Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn. The date of construction is indicated by the bas-relief on the pediment of the house.
Next there will be many pictures of the interior decoration of the manor house, which is probably more correctly called a villa.
The War of 1812 did not cause much damage to the estate. After the Battle of Borodino, on the way to Moscow, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, stopped in Bolshie Vyazemy. And a few hours after his departure, Emperor Napoleon arrived at the estate. The Drakun and infantry corps were stationed in Golitsyn's palace. In memory of those days, a memorial sign was erected on the territory of the estate in honor of the stopping of two armies in the Patriotic War of 1812.
A sign in memory of the stop of two armies in Vyazemy during the Patriotic War of 1812.
In 1882, a new owner appeared on the estate - the son of His Serene Highness Prince Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn. With his appearance, the estate returned to its former amenities. In 1908, the new owner established a holiday village in the vicinity of the estate, for which a part of the land was allocated, separated by a railway. Over time, the current city of Golitsyno was formed on the site of the village. Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn became the last owner of the Bolshie Vyazemy estate.
The changes that 1917 brought to Russia did not bypass the Golitsyn estate.
We go up to the second floor. There are many more pictures of the interior of the manor house.
In the fall of 1918 and spring of 1919, more than 60 items of cultural and historical value were taken from the estate to the National Museum Fund, among which was an engraving depicting the family tree of the Golitsyn princes. The family jewels of the Golitsyn family were later transferred to the Armory Chamber. A unique collection of books, more than 30 thousand volumes, collected by Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, was distributed to libraries. The estate was used as a colony for homeless people, then as a sanatorium for old Bolsheviks, a school for pilots and paratroopers, a tank school, and an evacuation hospital. By the way, during the First World War, there was also an infirmary with 50 beds.
Former stable. Its restoration is currently underway.
After the hospital was closed, the educational zootechnical institute of horse breeding was located on the territory of the estate, which was personally supervised by Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny, who visited the estate several times. In 1952, he laid the first stone in the foundation of the new building of the institute.
School of Arts, formerly the building of the Institute of Horse Breeding.
Not far from Bolshie Vyazya is the Zakharovo estate, the former estate of the grandmother of the great Russian poet Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. Here, in his grandmother’s estate near Moscow, the future poet first saw the beauty of Russian nature, peasant round dances, heard folk songs, and became acquainted with peasant life. These first childhood impressions shaped his views on life. In these places near Moscow he began to write his first poems.
The grave of Pushkin's brother Nikolai, who died at the age of six.
There are several more ancient tombstones nearby.
The love story of Alexander Sergeevich for Natalya Goncharova is also connected with Bolshiye Vyazemy. It was here, in the estate, at one of the balls organized by Prince Golitsyn, that Pushkin first saw Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. The Bolshie Vyazemy estate appears more than once in the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It is believed that in the novel “Eugene Onegin” Zakharovo serves as a prototype for the Larins’ estate, and Bolshiye Vyazemy became the basis for the description of Onegin’s estate. Now the Bolshie Vyazemy estate, like the Zakharovo estate, is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin. In the Golitsyn Palace, among the interiors of the 18th -19th centuries. Golitsyn readings “History of the Fatherland” are held. You can get to the estate from the Belorussky train station by train to the stop "Statsiya Golitsyno". Walking distance from the station is about 1 km. You can also get from the station by bus or minibus. Don’t even think about getting off at the Malye Vyazemy station; you’ll get confused and lost. By car you need to take the Mozhaisk highway. Without entering the village of Vyazemy itself, turn left before the bridge, and after about 200 meters turn right to the parking lot near the Church of the Transfiguration.
The Bolshie Vyazemy estate is located in the village of the same name in the Odintsovo district, not far from the town of Golitsyno. On the territory of the estate there are buildings from the 16th-19th centuries. Together with the Zakharovo estate, it is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve A.S. Pushkin, created in 1987.
History of the Bolshiye Vyazemy estate
The estate in Vyazemy is a very significant architectural and literary historical monument. In addition to the fact that the great Russian poet often visited here, many famous personalities visited this place over the years.
The long history of the estate began in the 16th century, after Tsar Fyodor Ioanovich donated these lands to Boris Godunov, who started a large construction project here. For example, a dam dammed a river. Vyazemka was built by his decree and has survived to this day. Also, under him, one of the oldest churches in the Moscow region was built, which has also survived to this day - the Transfiguration Cathedral.
The remaining buildings, including Godunov's tower, have not survived.
In troubled times, the estate became the country residence of False Dmitry I. Under Peter I, it was donated to Prince Boris Golitsyn, after which it became the estate of the Golitsyn princes for many years.
Vyazema estate XVIII century. View from the side of Smolenskaya Dogori (Mozhaisk highway)
Interesting facts about the Vyazema estate
- It was in this estate, at a ball, that Pushkin met his future wife Natalya Goncharova.
- Princess Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, who lived here, served as the prototype for the old countess from Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades.”
- The estate itself became the prototype of the estate of Eugene Onegin, described in the poet’s work of the same name.
The territory of the A. Pushkin Museum-Reserve in Vyazemy
The territory of the estate is full of various historical objects. It is especially interesting here in the summer, when the boat station and horse yard are open. But even in winter there is something to see here.
First of all, this is, of course, the Transfiguration Cathedral with its belfry, which is uncharacteristic of the architecture of these places.
Under the walls of the cathedral lies Lieutenant Colonel Gerasim Osorgin.
And here you can see the grave of Pushkin’s younger brother, who died at the age of six.
There are many signs and QR codes throughout the estate, thanks to which you can instantly find out all the necessary information about the exhibit.
The central building of the estate is the Golitsyn Palace, built in 1784.
Now this building houses the Pushkin Museum, which displays exhibits related not only to the poet. Admission is paid, but on some days admission to the museum is free, for example on.
Next to the palace there is a park in which we can see several monuments.
The first is dedicated to Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn. A participant in the War of 1812, as well as the owner of the estate in the period from 1813 to 1844.
The second one was installed in honor of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin himself.
And the third was installed in memory of the Russian and French armies stopping here during the Patriotic War of 1812. First, during the retreat to Moscow, Kutuzov, and then Napoleon, stayed here.
In general, there is still a lot of interesting things here. Come and see for yourself!
Address and map of the prezd
Address: Moscow region, Odintsovo district, pos. Bolshie Vyazemy.
How to get there on your own: Get to the Golitsyno station (Belorusskaya line), then by bus No. 38, No. 50, minibus No. 38, No. 79, No. 1055 to the “Institute” stop (3rd in a row). From the railway The station can also be reached on foot (travel time about 20 minutes).
