Types of fish for breeding in artificial reservoirs and fish farms. Breeding fish in artificial reservoirs as a business What kind of fish is easiest to breed?

• How much can you earn
• Which equipment to choose

Today in Russia there are a large number of unclaimed reservoirs, from which one can turn into a real fish farm. Fish farming is perhaps one of the few areas of agriculture that is least exposed to the risk of adverse weather conditions. Thanks to this, the profitability of carp breeding remains at 20%.

The most difficult thing in organizing such a business is the administrative barriers. Getting a pond for rent turns out to be not so easy. It is necessary to go through a series of approvals, paperwork and competitive bidding for the right to rent a specific body of water. It is necessary to contact the local administration regarding the rental of a water body.

It is important to know that not every body of water can be rented. The restriction by law is imposed, first of all, on reservoirs with the status of a natural monument. It is also difficult to rent ponds that are located near dacha areas and cities, since complaints from the population against the tenant will come immediately.

When choosing a reservoir for fish farming, you should pay attention to its area, depth and type of bottom. Thus, the optimal size is considered to be a pond (lake) with an area of ​​20 to 100 hectares. This will allow carp to be bred and paid fishing services provided. If the reservoir is smaller, then it will not be possible to grow large volumes of marketable fish, much less serve fishermen.

If renting a pond serves exclusively for paid fishing services, then the distance to the nearest large cities is important. Large settlements and cities should be located within a radius of no more than 50 km. In this case, it is important to take care of the availability of good access roads to the reservoir.

The carp pond must be equipped with a drainage system. For this purpose, a special outpost or gateway is built, which serves to lock the water in the inlet ditch and control the depth level in the pond. A sluice is necessary not only for the ebb of water, but also for catching marketable fish. Many collective farm fish ponds are built using this principle.

The depth of the reservoir should be at least 1.5 m, otherwise the fish will not survive the winter. The bottom of the reservoir should be muddy and soft. The optimal temperature for the growth and reproduction of carp is from 14 to 24 degrees. Carp feed only in the warm season, and in winter they hibernate and do not eat anything.

It is impossible not to say something about the methods of feeding carp. There are two main methods of growing carp - extensive and intensive. With the extensive method of cultivation, carp feeds only on natural food that is available in the reservoir. This method can only be used in large reservoirs. The growth and development of carp directly depends on the natural food supply. The main advantage of this method is the low cost of carp maintenance (or rather, its complete absence). The main disadvantage is the low growth rate of fish.

The intensive method of growing cyprinids involves creating a system for feeding fish with a rich food supply. With this method, fish are fed at least 2 times a day. As a rule, planting material is purchased in early spring, and fish are caught in the fall. Thanks to repeated feeding and maintaining high density, it is possible to obtain up to 6 t/ha of marketable carp. The disadvantage of this method is high feed costs. But they are more than compensated by the speed of fish growth and the rapid turnover of invested funds.

Stocking of cyprinids should be done at the rate of 250 kg of fish per 1 hectare of pond area. The fish grows very quickly. And in general, carp is considered one of the most unpretentious, which cannot be said about trout or sturgeon. For example, 10 tons of carp in three years will turn into 100 tons - the weight will increase 10 times! Carp is also distinguished by its fertility. One fish can produce from 200 to 300 thousand eggs, which will produce tens of thousands of individuals.

After stocking with carp, a small part of predatory fish - pike or pike perch - should be released into the reservoir. This is done in order to knock out trash fish from the reservoir, such as bleak, ruff and top fin. You need to be careful and not allow many predators in, otherwise they will eat the fry of cyprinids. Therefore, it is recommended to stock carp fry from 1 year of age. The predator eats them much less. In this case, the survival rate of the fry will be at least 80%.

According to experts, the amount of investment in a business depends on the size of the reservoir and the ambitions of the businessman. Thus, a fishery with a reservoir area of ​​100 hectares will cost about $80 thousand. The main costs include construction work (creating the topography of the reservoir, building locks, etc.) and purchasing fry. The cost of carp fry, weighing 100-150 grams, starts from 70 rubles/kg. In order to stock a reservoir with an area of ​​100 hectares, it will take about 1.5 million rubles to purchase fry.

The cost of growing fish using an intensive method is 40 rubles/kg. And the wholesale selling price is about 60 rubles/kg. A businessman’s profit increases significantly if the fish is sold alive - in special vehicles that transport live carp to retail outlets. In this case, the selling price of fish is at least 90-100 rubles/kg. Marginal income per kilogram is 50-60 rubles.

From each hectare you can get up to 1.5-2 tons of marketable fish. Income from a reservoir with an area of ​​100 hectares, minus wages and taxes, can reach 4-5 million rubles per year.

In addition to selling fish, paid fishing services can provide additional income. The cost of such pleasure in the Moscow region starts from 500 rubles per person. And in “elite” ponds stocked with sturgeon, trout, carp and silver carp, the cost of a ticket is at least 1,500 rubles per person. In order for fishermen to know when to stop, a limit on fish catch is set. For example, over 5 kg of catch, each subsequent kilogram will be paid, depending on the type of fish. If the caught fish is smaller than the established size (25 cm), it is released back into the lake.

Fishing areas should be equipped so that the distance between fishermen is at least 50 m. Interest in fishing in this case will be much higher. If investments allow, then a good solution would be to build summer houses for vacationers, a store, a kitchen, a fishing house, and a toilet. The fisherman's store sells fishing gear, bait and feed. All of this is in great demand. The presence of a summer kitchen with a chef allows you to accept orders from those who want to taste their own catch.

If you also build a beach, then fishermen will come with whole families, which will only increase the income of the entrepreneur. However, you need to make sure that the rest does not interfere with the main process of fishing. Therefore, the beach should be located at a respectful distance from fishing grounds - at least 100m.

The construction of such infrastructure works well not only near large cities and megalopolises. Residents of the periphery and small settlements are also willing to pay for such a service. There are still not enough picturesque and well-groomed places in our country, and the demand for active recreation is growing every year.

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

To open your own carp fishery, you need to pay special attention to the place where the fish are raised. A small reservoir or pond is suitable for carp. It is advisable to first monitor and analyze the activities of competitors and establish connections with sales points. You cannot do without a clearly verified business project, taking into account preliminary costs and expected profits.

The profitability of the business in the first stages will depend on this. Having improved the reservoir and the surrounding area, you can begin purchasing the necessary equipment, fry and food for them.

How much can you earn

Before we get to the profit, let's look at the costs. If you grow carp in a natural reservoir, then the main expenses are associated with the purchase of food, about 20 rubles per 1 kg. For a small fish farm, this will cost up to 5,000 rubles per month. Purchase of fry: 100 pieces = 400 rubles. This should include the costs of equipment, transportation costs, insurance premiums, etc.

To reach marketable weight, carp need 2-3 years. Thus, there is no need to expect quick profits. You can sell fish at a price of 80-100 rubles per kg. An additional income channel is provided by paid fishing, along with the rental of fishing rods/boats, paid parking and other equipment. The profitability of the business, taking into account a well-established sales market, is at the level of 10%. The profit received can be used not only to expand the business, but also to acquire profitable assets. There are many possibilities for this, for example, investments in apartment buildings. This is a time-tested method that works.

How much money do you need to start a business?

Start-up costs for such a business depend on the breeding method. If you create an artificial reservoir with a closed water supply device, you will need up to half a million rubles, and in some cases more. Breeding carp in natural reservoirs will significantly reduce this figure, approximately 10-20 times.

Which equipment to choose

To effectively run a carp farming business, you will need to purchase fishing rods, boats, camping tents and other equipment for paid fishing.

Professional business plans on the topic:

• Fisheries business plan (21 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
• Business plan for paid fishing (20 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
• Business plan for a fishing store (13 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?

To register a business, you must indicate OKVED Code 03.2 - Fish farming.

What documents are needed to open

A novice businessman will need to register an individual entrepreneur or LLC, which will require a passport, a copy of the ID code and a receipt for payment of the state duty.

It is worth paying attention to the grants existing in Russia from the Ministry of Agriculture. When registered, there is a chance to receive significant start-up capital or half of the funds invested in the business.

Which taxation system to choose for business registration

For doing business, the best option would be to tax a peasant farm with a loss of 6% of profit.

Do I need permission to open?

To stock a reservoir with fish, it is mandatory to obtain a special veterinary certificate, which is issued by the epidemiological committee. Moreover, renting a territory from the state will require several additional papers related to maintaining cleanliness and environmental safety. Are you thinking about making quick money or dreaming of owning your own home? Does your mortgage seem unaffordable? Find out about the mistakes of the mortgage recipient and how how to do it right. Don’t lose your nerves and money by giving the bank more than 10 years.

Fish growth continues throughout its life. But the increase in body weight occurs unevenly. Juveniles grow faster than adults. In addition, the intensity of growth depends on the season, food supply and characteristics of the reservoir. For example, carp does not grow at all in winter, since at low temperatures it stops feeding.

When breeding fish in a pond, you must take these features into account. Only in this case will the cultivation of wild goats be successful. You will find relevant recommendations in this article.

Growing fish in the country: what types to choose

Each type of fish requires not only certain feeds and conditions, but also breeding technology.

The easiest way is to introduce yearlings into the pond in the spring and catch them in the fall. But if it is not possible to buy grown-up young animals, the pond is stocked with fry and raised using the method of breeding commercial fingerlings.

When independently breeding carp from fry, it is necessary to equip several types of ponds for spawning, rearing of young animals and winter maintenance. Breeding young animals is a great way to save money on the purchase of ready-made planting material.

Note: The most suitable carp breeds are those that are common in the region of your homestead. For example, in the south it is better to grow the Stavropol and Krasnodar varieties, in a temperate climate - Parsky and Central Russian, and in the north - Sarboyan and Altai.

Since female carp are highly fertile, only a few males and females are needed for full breeding. As a rule, fish are used for spawning for no more than seven years. Producers are kept separately from other fish. In addition, during the spawning period they need to be fed intensively. Only high-quality males and females without defects are suitable for breeding.

Note: It is difficult to determine the sex of carp. This can only be done in sexually mature individuals and only during the spawning period. At this time, in females, the genital opening becomes enlarged and red, and the abdominal cavity becomes soft. During the spawning period, males develop warts on their gills and head.

The productivity of spawning depends not only on the quality of males and females, but also on the preparation of the reservoir. Since carp lay their eggs in the substrate, the bottom should be covered with soft vegetation, turf or pine needles. Sometimes artificial spawning grounds are set up. The water temperature should be no higher than 18 degrees. Females lay eggs and males fertilize them. The caviar matures in 3-5 days, depending on the water temperature. The optimal figure is 18-26 degrees.

For normal growth of young animals, it is necessary to provide them with good protein food: small crustaceans, insect larvae, etc. Since quite a lot of larvae hatch from one nest, after they grow up, they need to be seated, since the natural food base of the pond will not be enough.

• When purchasing fry, you must first keep them in water for a while for transportation, and only then transplant them into a new pond. This is necessary to equalize the temperature. If this is not done, the fry will experience temperature shock and die.
• Slaked lime should be added to the pond to normalize acidity and prevent disease.
• Regular application of mineral and organic fertilizers contributes to the formation of a natural food base. However, when adding too much manure, the hydrochemical composition of the water deteriorates, so organic matter must be supplemented with mineral fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorus). They must first be dissolved in water. But if the pond is intensively overgrown with algae, fertilizers are not applied.
• Special ponds should be prepared for wintering. If the reservoir is covered with a thick crust of ice, its depth should be about two meters. The water needs to be further aerated by making holes or connecting compressors. If possible, clean water can be added to the pond. In winter, carp are not fed, as at low temperatures they stop feeding. In the spring, the carp begin to be fed, and the amount of food supplied in the summer reaches two times a day. In addition, the fish must be caught gradually. Reducing the number of individuals will help to grow higher quality products.

Young carp need additional feeding. Food is introduced once or twice a day. The number of feedings is increased as the water temperature rises.

Note: You can determine the need to apply fertilizer using a white disc. It is immersed in water to a depth at which it will be visible. If the visibility line is at a depth of 25-30 cm, fertilizers may not be applied, but if it is more than 50 cm, the pond is fertilized.

When growing carp, you need to control the size of the fish by conducting control catches. The fish are measured, weighed and released back into the water. If individuals begin to lag in growth, the water quality, food supply and oxygen content should be checked.

• Goldfish

This is a fish that is unpretentious to water quality and can be bred in a wide variety of water bodies. Usually crucian carp feed on small crustaceans, but the natural food supply can quickly become depleted, so additional mineral and organic fertilizers should be applied. This stimulates the formation of food, since crucian carp does not consume artificial food well.

In winter, crucian carp do not feed, and food consumption begins only after the air temperature rises to 6-8 degrees. Of particular value is the hybrid of silver crucian carp and carp, which is distinguished not only by its resistance to living conditions, but also by its undemandingness in feed.

• White amur

It can be grown either alone or together with other fish that feed on vegetation. Planting density depends on the amount of aquatic vegetation. If the pond is moderately overgrown, you can grow 1-2 fish per 10 square meters. If there is a deficiency of vegetation, artificial food is introduced, but cupid eats it much worse.

• Silver carp

It can be grown at high densities. This is explained by the fact that silver carp eats mainly aquatic vegetation. For full growth, individuals need not only a good food supply, but also a favorable regime. The water temperature should be 25-27 degrees, and the oxygen level should be at least 5 mg/l.

Typically, ponds for silver carp should not be deep. The penetration of sunlight into the water column not only promotes warming, but also stimulates the growth of algae.

• Bighead carp

Unlike white carp, bighead carp feeds on zooplankton, not algae, although the growing regime for these varieties is the same. Considering that there is usually more algae in ponds than plankton, the stocking density of bighead carp should be less than that of white carp. However, it can be grown together with carp without the risk of food competition.

• Rainbow trout

Grows and develops quickly in cool, oxygenated water. The optimal temperature is 14-18 degrees. The fish feels good even at lower temperatures, but if it exceeds +22 Celsius, the trout stops feeding and growing.

Ponds for trout must be flowing, but they can also be raised in cages or pools. Spawning is stimulated artificially by collecting eggs and sperm. Subsequently, dry or semi-dry insemination is carried out (Figure 1):

• When dry, the caviar and sperm are mixed, poured with water (so that the liquid covers the caviar), mixed again and washed after 5-10 minutes. After this, the caviar must be left in water for 3 hours to swell.
• In semi-dry, the sperm is diluted with water and added to the eggs immediately before insemination. The products are immediately mixed, and when the caviar swells, it is transferred to a special incubation apparatus. Water is constantly supplied to it. Hatching occurs in approximately 5-7 days.

Figure 1. Procedure for insemination of trout eggs

The incubation apparatus must be covered, since the larvae do not tolerate light well. The fry are transferred to the pools after the gall bladder has completely dissolved. Examples of incubation apparatus for hatching trout fry are shown in Figure 2.

• Peled, pelchir

These are demanding fish, preferring cool reservoirs with oxygen-enriched water. Preference should be given to flowing reservoirs, but fish can also be grown in stagnant ponds, but care must be taken to ensure that the water contains a sufficient amount of oxygen (6-7 mg/l).

• Sturgeon

They can be grown in small ponds, pools and cages. They must be flowable, and the slopes must be strengthened. The fastest growing species are beluga, bester and paddlefish, which is why they are mainly bred in homestead farms.

Growing channel catfish is economically profitable. It adapts well to various growing conditions, is undemanding when it comes to feed and grows quickly. When introducing artificial feed, preference should be given to foods rich in protein. In addition to ponds, catfish can be raised in pools and cages, but a more intensive feeding regime should be provided.

This is a predatory fish that increases the productivity of water bodies. If there is enough food, pike can be raised together with crucian carp or crucian carp. As a rule, the stocking density is 2 individuals per 100 square meters, but if there is a lack of feed, the stocking density should be reduced.

• Buffalo

Heat-loving fish, ponds for rearing which must meet standard requirements for ponds for herbivorous species. Buffalo feeds on aquatic vegetation, and to achieve a good weight of individuals it is necessary to provide a complete food supply.

• Acne

One of the most valuable species due to its high taste. In addition, eels are quite easy to breed. The larvae are caught in the coastal waters of natural reservoirs and transplanted into ponds. Planting density can reach 2 thousand individuals per square meter. The larvae stay here for about a month, after which they are sorted by size and placed in different reservoirs.

Figure 2. Examples of incubation apparatus for hatching fry

When grown in pools, the fish will be ready for sale after 3-4 months, but for this, high water flow and good aeration must be ensured.

• Tilapia

In temperate climates, tilapia can only be grown in artificial reservoirs with controlled temperatures. If this condition is met, further breeding of tilapia is not difficult. They multiply quickly and easily, tolerate transportation well and are not very demanding when it comes to feed.

In addition, tilapia can be bred together with other fish that feed on aquatic vegetation.

From the video you will learn how to properly incubate eggs and keep fry.

DIY pond construction

If you already have a small pond on your property, you can successfully use it for fish farming. But, if there is no pond, you will have to build it yourself. First of all, you need to choose the right place for the reservoir: it should be in partial shade, in the lowest area (Figure 3).

Note: Pond shading can be done artificially, since closely located trees will pollute the water with leaves, and roots can disturb the shoreline.

To build a pond with your own hands, follow these instructions:

1. The depth of the reservoir should be at least a meter, and the length and width are determined by the personal preferences of the owner.
2. The soil at the bottom of the pit is carefully compacted and covered with a layer of cement.
3. After the solution hardens, a special polyethylene film for artificial reservoirs is laid on the bottom of the pit. It will help you quickly and easily clear your pond of debris.
4. Next, you can begin filling the pond with water. First you need to pour out a third of the planned liquid so that the film on the bottom straightens. After this, soil and river sand are laid on the bottom, and aquatic plants are planted. Only after this can the remaining water be added.

Figure 3. Main stages of pond construction

At the final stage, you can decorate the banks of the reservoir with ornamental shrubs, trees and grass. It is not recommended to introduce fish immediately after construction: the water must stand for a while so that it develops its own environment of microorganisms and temperature. To speed up this process, you can leave some wilted grass at the bottom or pour two or three buckets of water from a natural reservoir into the pond.

Breeding fish at home

There are several methods for breeding fish at home. they depend on the type of fish and the way it is fed. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Extensive system

No special feed is introduced into the pond, and the fish feed only from the food supply existing in the pond. Essentially, this is pasture-based fish farming. Its main advantage is the minimal financial costs for obtaining finished products.

This method can be successfully used in the southern regions and in large reservoirs, where the natural food supply allows carp to be grown together with other herbivorous fish.

Semi-intensive method

The basis of this method is that the protein needs of fish are met through natural feed, while the energy needs are met by special carbohydrate additives (for example, corn, wheat or barley).

The use of such a breeding system allows for a more thoughtful use of natural food resources and accelerates the growth of aquatic inhabitants for further sale.

Intensive breeding system

The food supply is created artificially, through land reclamation, application of fertilizers and feed. For this method, it is necessary to equip special reservoirs (examples are shown in Figure 4).

Figure 4. Ponds and tanks for intensive fish farming

The intensive method of fish breeding includes several technologies that are successfully used in modern enterprises:

1. Traditional: used primarily for growing herbivorous fish (for example, carp). The technology involves the use of several types of ponds for each growing cycle: spawning, rearing, fry, wintering and feeding. If fry are purchased from another farm, nursery ponds do not need to be equipped. Technology also implies different levels of intensification. If it is high, the fish are fed repeatedly, and several varieties can be present in one reservoir at the same time. In such conditions, up to 5 tons of fish can be obtained from one hectare of reservoir. However, the effectiveness of traditional technology depends on the quality of running water, aeration and liming of the pond.
2. Continuous: young animals are grown to a certain weight (1-2 grams), and then brought to marketable weight, without being transplanted to other bodies of water. This method is simpler because it requires the use of only two types of ponds: fry and nursery ponds.
3. Method of growing commercial fingerlings: With this method, the practice is to first obtain larvae and then raise them in warm water. After this, the fish are reared in sparse stocking. During the season you can get fingerlings weighing up to 500 grams.
4. High intensity(Figure 5): involves growing in pools and cages. Cages are placed in natural reservoirs or coolers of industrial enterprises. With a high-intensity method, fish farming can be done all year round, breeding heat-loving species in summer and cold-loving species in winter.

Figure 5. Artificial reservoirs for high-intensity fish farming

When choosing a technology, you should focus not only on feeding conditions and water quality, but also on the type of fish. Below are the main features of breeding certain varieties.

Any of the chosen methods involves stocking the reservoir with fish. How this process is carried out correctly is shown in the video.

What to feed the fish in the pond

The quality of feed and water directly affects the growth rate of fish. In addition, development slows down after puberty, so young individuals are of particular interest for homestead farms. As a rule, the growing period lasts no more than two years, since during this time the fish reaches the desired size, but puberty has not yet begun.

Figure 6. Requirements for the arrangement of a reservoir for fish farming

In addition, it is necessary to properly equip reservoirs for breeding. Examples are shown in Figure 6.

Note: When choosing a species for breeding in a household plot, you need to focus not only on the growth rate, but also other indicators: water quality, the availability of suitable feed and the climatic zone in which the farm is located.

All types of fish are divided into heat-loving and cold-loving (Figure 7). The first group includes most of the popular varieties (for example, crucian carp, carp, etc.). The second is much smaller in number. This includes species such as trout, whitefish, broad whitefish and peled. For example, cold-loving varieties are demanding on the level of oxygen in water (the indicator must be at least 9).

Figure 7. Common types of fish to grow in a pond. Heat-loving: 1 - crucian carp, 2 - carp; cold-loving: 3 - trout, 4 - peled

They also require lower levels of nitrogen and organic matter. For example, in a pond for growing carp, the nitrogen content can reach one and a half units, while in ponds for trout this figure should be zero.

Nature lovers and dacha owners have probably more than once thought about the possibility of raising fish in a small pond on their property. This is an excellent option for avid fishermen: you don’t have to go anywhere, the bite is good, and the fish is natural, fatty and tasty. Therefore, if you have an idea to organize a small fish pond at your dacha, then it is quite possible to implement it. You just need to know the rules of care and maintenance, as well as what kind of fish is best to breed in a small pond

Breeds for breeding

Only freshwater fish species are suitable for a pond at a summer cottage.

In addition, such individuals should tolerate small spaces well and be less picky about the quality of water and its acidity. Feeding aquatic pets should also not cause difficulty for the owner. Fish farmers distinguish several breeds of fish that get along well in small bodies of water.

Carp. The most common and unpretentious species on small farms. Moreover, this fish feels more comfortable in a small space: from the constant availability of food, it quickly gains weight, spending most of its time at rest. True, this fish is thermophilic: the most suitable temperature for it is from 18 to 30 degrees Celsius. If the temperature regime is observed, then puberty of the fish occurs already at 2-3 years, otherwise - at 4-5 years.

For carp to feel good, the reservoir must be at least 1.5 meters deep, and the number of individuals per cubic meter of water should not exceed 20.

Golden carp. Another unpretentious fish without antennae, with a copper belly. This is an ideal option for small reservoirs, since crucian carp tolerates even acidic or oxygen-depleted waters well. This species feeds on plankton and vegetation, puberty occurs at 2-4 years. This fish is also famous for the fact that it easily crosses with other species.

White amur. Due to its excessive appetite, it is perfect as a pond cleaner, as it feeds on plant foods and is able to eat parts of terrestrial plants that fall into the reservoir. This fish with large scales comes from the Far East, its body can reach a meter in length, and its weight reaches 50 kilograms. Puberty of such large individuals occurs at 7-9 years.

In warm climates, carp grows year-round, but if the temperature drops below 10 degrees Celsius, it stops eating and, accordingly, growing.

Black cupid. Another excellent orderly for a small body of water, only its food is shellfish, which often spread diseases and infections. It is distinguished from its white counterpart by black scales, but otherwise they are similar: their weight, length and puberty indicators are the same.

Silver carp. This is an unusual fish with a large head that quickly gains weight. There are two types: white and variegated.

Silver carp is more whimsical. He eats only algae and does not accept any artificial food. Puberty occurs at 3-7 years, and its weight can reach 50 kilograms.

Bighead carp It consumes live plankton as food, and is also able to eat artificial fertilizers. Puberty of these individuals occurs later, at 4-8 years. This fish is not recommended to be kept with carps due to the possibility of food competition.

Also, breeders were able to cross these species, resulting in individuals that eat both plant and animal foods.

Sturgeon. A very profitable breed for breeding in all respects. With good maintenance, already in the second year of life the fish reaches 4 kilograms in weight. Among fish farmers The most popular sturgeon species are:

1. Lena sturgeon
2. paddlefish (suitable for water temperatures of 20−25 degrees)

Peled. The taste is very similar to trout, but its maintenance is less difficult. This fish grows well in water of any acidity and is not picky about temperatures.

Tench. This fish got its name because its golden color becomes spotted immediately after being caught. This feature is explained by the large amount of mucus on the fish’s body, which hardens when in contact with air. Tench is perfect for small bodies of water rich in underwater vegetation.

Buffalo. For those who want to surprise guests, it is quite possible to breed fish that naturally live in America. This is a large breed, similar to carp, and is unpretentious: regular compound feed is suitable for it as food.

First you need to choose the right place for the pond. The ideal option is a darkened lowland, but in no case should you deliberately darken the selected space, because leaves from the trees will pollute the surface of the water, which will subsequently lead to its acidification.

Next you should dig a pit. Its depth must exceed 1.2 meters, otherwise the fish may die in winter. It is best to cement the bottom and cover the top with plastic film. It is also possible to cover the bottom with cut truck tires.

Afterwards, the reservoir should be filled one third with water. This is done so that the polyethylene takes the correct shape of the bottom. At the same time, river sand should be poured onto the bottom, and suspected underwater plants should be planted. If you plan to breed crayfish, then stones and broken flower pots should be placed at the bottom so that these animals can hide during the molting period.

Afterwards, the reservoir should be completely filled with water. To relocate the fish, you should wait a few days for the water to infuse.

On the day of relocation, the temperature of the water in the containers with fish and in the reservoir is equalized so that the young fish can more easily endure the first day in their new habitat. It is best to buy fish in specialized stores to be sure that it is not sick.

Fish food

The fish species have been selected, and fish farmers are faced with the question of what to feed them. Exists several ways to feed fish in a small pond:

For fishing in the country to be successful, you need to properly care for the fish in the pond. It is very important that in the first years of life the fish grow and gain weight, as well as reproduce. Here are some more tips:

Owning a dacha or garden plot is an opportunity to realize many wonderful ideas and desires.

One of these is the construction of a reservoir if there is free space for it. It can be decorative, with a mini waterfall or alpine slide.

And raising fish in a pond is an excellent option for organizing home fishing. Don't let it seem impossible to you.

Knowing the features of organizing favorable living conditions for your underwater inhabitants, as well as the species that can easily take root, you can easily implement this idea at your dacha.

How to breed fish in a pond? Key points of this question

To enjoy the fishing process without leaving the boundaries of your area, you need to take into account and understand some issues. And the first is the design of the reservoir itself, its main parameters and the materials from which it consists.

A very important point is the size of the pit for the pond.. Its depth should be at least 120 cm, or better yet deeper, otherwise the reservoir will simply freeze in winter and the fish will not survive severe frosts. However, as an option, you can take the fish home for the winter by placing them in an aquarium, which is suitable if you are breeding only a few ornamental fish.

It is also worth remembering that fish can suffocate under the ice, so a prerequisite is the construction of an ice hole. If possible, you can install an air compressor or electric water pump.

The size of the pond will directly determine the number of fish in it., which is the second important question. So, for individuals of small length (up to 10 cm) you need about 50 liters of water, for large ones – more. We divide the total volume of the pit by the amount of water for one fish. As a result, you will receive the maximum number of copies.

Population regulation is also an important point. This can be done by catching some of the fish, which will not be difficult if that is what you are breeding for. Predators are dragonfly larvae and swimming beetles. Decorative species can be taken to a pet store.

The material of the bottom and walls of the reservoir is also important, it must be completely safe for underwater inhabitants. In addition, at the bottom there should be a layer of sand and gravel with growing plants, which will serve as an additional source of nutrition. You cannot overfeed your fish.

You can feed them in spring and summer, since this is a period of active growth and development, and after feeding (after 10 minutes) you need to collect the remaining food, otherwise it will rot. In autumn, the fish stops feeding when the water temperature drops below 10˚ C. You can buy food at a pet store.

In order for the fish you purchased for the pond to adapt to its new conditions, it must be placed along with water in a bag on the surface of the reservoir. This is done in order to equalize the temperature and not shock the fish with sudden changes.

Sick fish should be isolated immediately. You can calculate it as follows: lies on its side, sways and swims in circles, rubs against objects, fins can be glued together, a white coating has appeared on the gills, eyes and other parts.

What kind of fish is best to breed in a pond?

It is very important to choose the right pond inhabitants, because they must get along well with each other. In addition, your choice should depend on what you need it for and what role it will serve - utilitarian (for catching and consumption) or decorative.

For the first case, fish from the carp family are suitable:

• crucian carp;
• tench;
• carp;
• perch.

Of these, the latter is a predator, which is worth considering, since it can eat fry. In general, all cyprinids are very unpretentious and feel great in dacha ponds. And good water heating contributes to the rapid growth and reproduction of these fish. In a small reservoir you can comfortably accommodate about 50 crucian carp and a couple of dozen carp. And that's not counting the fry.

Cyprinids are also very voracious and unpretentious in food: They eat larvae, worms, insects, they love steamed grains of legumes and cereals, peas, corn, pre-mixed feed (to a pulp state).

It is better to fertilize in the same place once or twice a day. Moreover, it is also better to set a specific time. Keep in mind that in mid-summer fish eat less, and by autumn they eat more, as they store fat for the winter.

What if you put several roaches into the pond?, then the water will stop blooming, because the fish eats the algae. However, it is worth remembering that if the reservoir is large, the balance will restore itself. Therefore, you should not rush to change the water at the first sign of blooming.

In the second case (breeding ornamental fish), you should pay attention to such species as:

1. Minnow, carp family. A very beautiful fish, on the back of which light and dark brown patterns alternate, and in the male the sides turn red-green during spawning. The sizes are small, up to 10 cm, life expectancy is 3-4 years.

The lack of oxygen in water in summer is poorly tolerated, so it is necessary to provide additional aeration. If you decide to get a minnow, you will have to buy more than one, since these are schooling fish.

2. Goldfish. It has many colors - red, golden, orange, variegated and plain. They need a large volume of water. Since the fish reproduce well, you should not introduce too many of them. It is better to take them indoors for the winter.

3. Koya is also a carp (Japanese carp). Decorative in color, which can be black, red, silver, yellow. These are voracious fish, so there should be a lot of plants in the pond, and they can even eat the fry. They need a deep reservoir (about 2 m), otherwise they will die in winter.

In general, if all the conditions discussed in the article are met, growing fish in a pond at the dacha is not so difficult. The main thing is to create favorable living conditions for it, monitor its numbers and health.

Useful video on the topic: