Incredible facts
The total number of islands on our planet is incredibly difficult to calculate.
New islands appear in the world every year, but the largest islands still remain in place.
Here you can learn about the largest islands in the world, as well as the largest island states and even the largest lake islands.
NOTE: Australia is still considered a continent rather than an island, but if you consider it an island, then it is the largest island on Earth, with an area of \u200b\u200b7,618,493 square meters. km.1. Greenland Island
Greenland is considered the largest island on our planet. Its local name sounds like Kalallit-Nunaat. The area of \u200b\u200bthe island is 2,166,086 sq. km.
Highest point:Gunbjörn (3,700 meters).
Region:Greenland.
A country:Denmark.
Greenland Facts
* Greenland's capital Nuuk is the smallest capital city in the world. Its population is only 15 105 people (as of July 2009).
* Greenland is believed to have been inhabited since prehistoric times by various Paleo-Eskimic groups. However, archaeological research indicates that the Inuit settled here around 2,500 BC.
* The first Europeans arrived here in 985. They were Norwegians and Icelanders. They were called Norwegian Greenlanders.
You can find out the most interesting about the beautiful island of Greenland just below or by clicking HERE .
2. Island New Guinea
Area - 785,753 sq. km.
Highest point: 4884 meters.
Population (2010): 9,500,000 people.
Countries: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.
Facts about New Guinea
Mount Bagana is an active volcano. Height 1730.
* The western part of the island of New Guinea is located on the territory of Indonesia, and its eastern part is on the territory of the state of Papua New Guinea.
* New Guinea is the largest island divided between countries.
* 11,000 species of plants, 600 rare species of birds, more than 400 species of amphibians, more than 450 species of butterflies, as well as about 100 species of mammals live here.
* In ancient times, this island was connected to the Australian continent.
* For Europe, New Guinea was discovered in the 16th century by Spanish and Portuguese sailors.
* The island got its name from the Spanish navigator Iñigo Ortiz de Retes. When he arrived on the island in 1545, it seemed to him that the locals were very similar to the aborigines who live in African Guinea.
3. Borneo island
Area - 748 168 sq. km.
Archipelago: Malay Archipelago.
A country: Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia.
Highest point: Mount Kinabalu, 4095 meters.
Population (2010): 19,800,000 people.
Borneo Facts
* On this island grows the world's largest flower - Rafflesia, the smell of which, according to local residents, is similar to the smell of a decaying corpse.
* Borneo has a rainforest that is more than 130 million years old. It is home to many species of rare animals: Sumatran rhinoceros, Asian elephant, Bornean clouded leopard and others.
4. Madagascar island
Area - 587,713 sq. km.
A country:Madagascar.
Highest point: 2961 meters.
Population (2008):20,042,552 people.
Madagascar facts
* Millions of years ago Madagascar was part of one land of Gondwana, and about 60 million years ago this island was the first to separate from the mainland and thus became the first island on our planet.
* The first people came to Madagascar about 2000 years ago.
* Among the Europeans, the first to notice this island was the Portuguese navigator Diego Diaz. This happened at the beginning of the XVI, and after that Madagascar became one of the most important trade points on the way to India.
* Malagasy, French and English are spoken on the island.
* Since the island is rich in iron and aluminum, it is nicknamed the Great Red Island.
* The country of Madagascar ranks first in the cultivation and export of vanilla.
5. Island Baffin's Land
Area - 503 944 sq. km.
A country: Canada.
Region:Nunavut.
Highest point: 2147 meters.
Population (2007):11,000 people.
Baffin Island Facts
* Baffin's Land is a very cold and almost uninhabited place.
* Here you can find Thor's peak, named in honor of the Scandinavian god. It is worth noting that Thor Peak is the highest cliff on our planet.
* Baffin's Land Island was named after the famous British traveler William Buffin, who first described the island in 1616. It is believed that it was Baffin who was its discoverer.
* More than half of the island's territory is located in the Arctic Circle. For this reason, there is a polar day and night here.
6. Sumatra Island
Area - 443,066 sq. km.
A country:Indonesia.
Highest point: 3800 meters.
Population (2010):50.6 million people.
Sumatra Facts
* The island is home to the Toba volcano, which is believed to have caused the last ice age. About 70,000 years ago, this volcano exploded and thousands of cubic kilometers of ash were thrown into the air, hiding the sun's rays for many years. Today in the caldera of Toba volcano there is a beautiful lake of the same name, and in its center there is another island - Samosir, inside which there is also a lake - Sidokhni.
* Scientists believe that the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano on the island led to the formation of a strait between the islands of Sumatra and Java. In 1883, the volcano exploded and, together with the island on which it was located, they went to the bottom of the sea. Today a new mountain has formed in its place - Anak-Krakatau ("Child of Krakatau"), which grows by 7 meters every year.
* The island is still inhabited by the Batak tribes. Before the adoption of Christianity, these tribes were cannibals.
* The most expensive coffee in the world "Kopi Luwak" is grown here in Sumatra. The fact is that one animal lives on the island - kopi-luwak, which adores coffee berries. Of course, he chooses only the best berries. They are not completely digested by the kopi-luwak. Locals collect them, wash and roast them to create coffee.
7. Honshu Island
Area - 225,800 sq. km.
A country: Japan.
Highest point: 3776 meters.
Population (2010): 100 million people.
Honshu Island Facts
* Mount Fuji is located on the island of Honshu - the symbol of the land of the rising sun.
* Earthquakes are not uncommon here as Honshu is located at the intersection of 3 formation plates.
* There are also the largest Japanese cities in Japan - Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto.
8. UK Island
Area - 229.957 sq. km.
Archipelago:British islands.
A country: Great Britain.
Regions:England, Scotland, Wales.
Highest point: 1,344 meters.
Population (2011): 61,371,315 people.
UK Facts
* Great Britain is also called Albion, as it was previously known as the land of albinos. The Romans called the British Isles by the word "Britain" (lat. Britannia), hence the name of this island. But they decided to add "Great" to the word "Britain" so that the country was listed as a political unit. Today we have the island of Britain and a geopolitical entity called Great Britain.
* The prime meridian crosses the axis of the Greenwich Observatory located in London.
* Since the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a single state, any person living in its territory can be called "British", even if he is from Scotland or Northern Ireland.
9. Victoria Island
Area - 220.548 sq. km.
A country:Canada
Regions:Nunavut, Northwest Territories
Highest point: 665 meters away
Population (2001): 1707 people.
Victoria Island facts
* Thomas Simpson was the first to discover this island in 1838. The British explorer decided to name the island after Queen Victoria of England, who was also Queen of Canada from 1867 to 1901.
* This is the largest island within the island within the island.
10. Ellesmere Island
Area - 183.965 sq. km.
A country:Canada
Region: Nunavut.
Highest point: 2616 meters away
Population (2006):146 people.
Ellesmere Island Facts
* The island is decorated with large mountains and ice fields. Ellesmere is the highest mountainous part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
* The island has been shrouded in ice since the last ice age, but only 1/3 of its territory is covered with glaciers.
10 largest island states in the world
1.
Indonesia - 1 912 988 sq. km.
2. Madagascar - 587,041 sq. km.
3. Papua New Guinea - 462,840 sq. km.
4. Japan - 377 837 sq. km.
5. Philippines - 300,000 sq. km.
6. New Zealand - 270,534 sq. km.
7. Great Britain - 242 910 sq. km.
8. Cuba - 110,860 sq. km.
9. Iceland - 103,000 sq. km.
10. Ireland - 70,273 sq. km.
10 largest volcanic islands
These islands were formed by volcanic eruptions at the bottom of the sea.
1. Sumatra, Indonesia - 473,481 sq. km.
2.
Honshu, Japan - 225,800 sq. km.
3. Java, Indonesia - 138,794 sq. km.
4. North, New Zealand - 111,583 sq. km.
5. Luzon, Philippines - 109,965 sq. km.
6. Iceland - 103,000 sq. km.
7. Mindanao, Philippines - 97,530 sq. km.
8. Hokkaido, Japan - 78,719 sq. km.
9. New Britain, Papua New Guinea - 35,145 sq. km.
10. Halmahera, Indonesia - 18,040 sq. km.
10 largest lake islands
1. Manitoulin, Lake Huron, Canada - 2,766 sq. km.
2.
Rene-Levasseur, Manicouagan Reservoir, Quebec, Canada - 2,000 sq. km.
3. Olkhon, Lake Baikal, Russia - 730 sq. km.
4. Isle Royal, Lake Superior, Michigan, USA - 541 sq. km.
5. Ukereve, Lake Victoria, Tanzania - 530 sq. km.
Archipelagos - a complete list of archipelago countries and archipelagoes belonging to different states, broken down by oceans and parts of the world.
What is an archipelago and what they are
Archipelago – it is a complex of islands located close to each other. The archipelagos are similar in geological structure. By their origin, they are all:
- Mainland
This is the name of the archipelagos, which were originally part of the mainland, but as a result of the movement of tectonic plates, they separated from the land and formed a complex of islands. The most striking example of the mainland archipelago is the British Isles. Also, these include New Earth, New Zealand.
- Volcanic
These complexes of islands were formed as a result of volcanic activity, or are themselves volcanoes. Most often, in this case, the island is the top of a huge underground volcano that looks out from under the water. The brightest representatives of the volcanic archipelagos are the Hawaiian Islands.
- Coral
A complex of islands that arose as a result of the growth and dying off of underwater corals. Islands can be in the form of a ring or a semicircle - they are called atolls. Most of the coral archipelagos are located in the Pacific Ocean. The most famous coral archipelago is the Marshall Islands.
- Alluvial
The complex of islands is not of natural origin. They are complex hydraulic structures that are installed in water areas. The alluvial islands do not formally have the status of archipelagos and islands, since they are not natural objects. The most famous man-made archipelago is Palm Island located in the Emirates.
Of course, they are not deserted and many have small states. The islands that make up the territory are in contact with each other and have a geographical and political unity.
At the moment, there are about 30 state-TV in the world located on the archipelagos. They include the Philippines, Indonesia, Fiji. Archipelagic lines are used for contact between the islands. All body of water within these lines belongs to the archipelago-state.
The largest archipelagos
There are a huge number of archipelagos on our planet. The largest of them are
- Malay
- Japanese islands
- British islands.
The Malay Archipelago is considered the best and largest in the world. Its area is 2 million square kilometers, and it includes more than 10,000 islands. Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are located on the lands of this giant. In the Malay archipelago, there are many volcanoes and mountains, as well as many oil and gas fields. The population is dominated by fishing and agriculture.
The second largest archipelago in the world is the Canadian Arctic. It is located in the Arctic Ocean. The area of \u200b\u200bthis archipelago is approximately 1.3 million square kilometers. The main population is the Eskimos. This complex includes the islands of Ellesmere, Victoria, Baffin's Land. The archipelago is made up of various plumes, mountains and plateaus in relief.
The next large archipelago is known to everyone - these are the very Japanese islands. They included many small islands, each of which is interconnected. Most of them are mountains and volcanoes, as well as coniferous forests. The very geological situation there is extremely unstable - there are earthquakes, tsunamis. The bulk of the population is located on the Japanese island itself. The marine industry is highly developed - catching fish and crabs.
And last but not least, the archipelago is the British Isles. Its area is approximately 320t.km., the archipelago includes Great Britain, Ireland and many other small towns. Great Britain and Ireland are two states that are located in this territory.
List of archipelagos
This list contains all the existing archipelagos in the world. For our convenience, I have divided them by territorial principle - the oceans where they are located, as well as the territorial subgroups of the islands. Each of the lists has been arranged alphabetically for your convenience. If there is a state on the territory of the archipelago, this will be noted in the list. You will be able to find every archipelago on the planet, learn about it, and possibly consider it as a holiday destination.
Archipelagos of the Arctic Ocean –
a complex of northern islands located close to the Arctic. They have a cold climate and low population density :
- Franz Josef Land
- Canadian Arctic Archipelago
- New Siberian Islands
- Belcher Islands
- Northern Land
- New earth
- Spitsbergen
- Queen Elizabeth Islands
Archipelagos of the Atlantic Ocean -
a vast complex of island clusters scattered in the Atlantic Ocean. This includes a number of European and African archipelagos, as well as the island complexes of the Americas. This includes the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and the British Isles:
Archipelagos along the coast of Europe -
- British islands
- Inner Hebrides
- Outer Hebrides
- Hebrides
- Channel Islands
- Isles of Scilly St Kilda
- Faroe islands
- Shetland
Archipelagos along the coast of Africa -
- Bay of beautiful islands
- Arkipelago of Souls Bihagos
- Bajuni Islands
- Saint Helena
- Saad ad-Din
- Sao Tome
- Tristan da Cuna
- Bermuda
- Outer Earths
- Canadian Arctic Archipelago
- Turks and Caicos Islands
- Tierra del Fuego
- Magdalena islands
- St. Peter and Paul Rocks
- Fernando de Noronha
- South Sandwich Islands
- islands
Macarenezian archipelagos -
- Åland Islands
- Azores
- Wild islands
- Canary Islands
- Madeira Islands
Archipelagos of the Baltic Sea -
- Estergetland Archipelago
- Södermanland Archipelago
- Smoland Archipelago
- Calix Archipelago
- Turku archipelago
- Piteo Archipelago
- Luleå Archipelago
- Skellefteo Archipelago
- Haparanda Archipelago
- Archipelago Eregrand
- Archipelago sea
- Western estonian archipelago
- Stockholm archipelago
- Swedish arch-lag of the east coast
Archipelagos of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean -
- Los Roques archipelago
- Greater Antilles
- West Indies
- Virgin Islands
- islands
- Lesser Antilles
- Windward islands
- Islands ABC
- Leeward Antilles
- Puerto Rican islands
- Leeward Islands
- Florida Keys
The archipelagos of the Mediterranean -
- Campanian Archipelago
- Maddalena Archipelago
- Balearic Islands
- Venetian lagoon
- Dodecanese
- Ionian islands
- Cyclades
- Sporades
- Tuscan archipelago
Archipelagos of the North Sea -
- Frisian Islands
Archipelagos of the Indian Ocean -
A complex of archipelagos located in the Indian Ocean. They are distinguished by a tropical climate and heat. The archipelagos here consist of a large number of small islands. One of the brightest representatives is the artificial World Archipelago :
- Andaman islands
- Bonaparte archipelago
- Pirate archipelago
- Chagos Archipelago
- Archipelago exploration
- The Mergui Archipelago
- Zanzibar archipelago
- Amirant Islands
- Cocos Islands (Keeling Islands)
- Comoros
- Langkawi
- Lakshadweep
- Kerguelen Islands
- Mascarene Islands
- World Archipelago
- Nicobar islands
- Islands of the Mozambique Channel
- Socotra
- Hawtman Abrolhos
The archipelagos of the Red Sea -
- Hurghada archipelago
- Farasan Islands
- Dahlak Archipelago
Archipelagos of the Pacific Ocean -
it is the largest complex of archipelagos. This includes a huge number of islands and all of the world's largest archipelagos. Of particular interest are the Asian archipelagos - the number of islands that make up them is the largest in the world. This complex includes both the archipelagos of the Americas and the aforementioned Asian ones, as well as archipelagos of the near-tropical countries. The climate ranges from temperate to tropical:
Archipelagos along the coast of the Americas -
- Andreyanovskie islands
- Aleutian Islands
- Alexander Archipelago
- Chiloe Archipelago
- Gueitekas Archipelago
- Guayaneco Archipelago
- Chonos Archipelago
- Patagonic Archipelago
- Wellington Archipelago
- Queen Adelaide Archipelago
- Fox Islands
- California Channel Islands
- Islands of the four mountains
Archipelagos located along the coast of Asia -
- Ryukyu archipelago
- Asian islands
- Gorong Archipelago
- Rio archipelago
- Tambelan Archipelago
- Archipelago Tajjukh
- Watubela Archipelago
- The Kuio Archipelago
- Sulu Archipelago
- Chumphon Archipelago
- Solor archipelago
- The Great Islands of the Sunda (Sunda)
- Arc Gang
10
- Area: 316 km 2
- Population: 429 344 people
- Density: 1432 people / km 2
- Motto: "By virtue and constancy"
- Form of government: Parliamentary republic, democracy
- Capital: Valletta
The Republic of Malta is an island state in the Mediterranean Sea. The name comes from the ancient Phoenician malat ("harbor", "refuge").
In 1964, Malta gained independence from Great Britain, and since 1974 a republic was proclaimed, but until 1979, when the last British naval base was liquidated in Malta, the British queen was still considered the head of state.
The territory of Malta is represented by the Maltese Archipelago, which consists mainly of the islands of Malta and Gozo. It also includes the uninhabited islands of St. Paul and Filfla, the sparsely populated island of Comino, and the tiny Cominotto and Filfoletta. The length of Malta is 27 km, the width is 15 km (less than the diameter of the Moscow ring road). Gozo is half the size and Comino is only 2 km long. Malta is the only country in Europe that lacks permanent rivers and natural lakes.
9
- Area: 300 km 2
- Population: 341,256 people
- Density: 1 359 people / km 2
- Form of government: Presidential republic
- Capital: Male
The Republic of Maldives belongs to the states of South Asia and is located on a group of atolls, consisting of 1192 coral islets, in the Iidian Ocean to the south of India.
The islands rise slightly above sea level: the highest point of the archipelago is on the southern atoll of Addu (Siena) - 2.4 m. Thanks to this, the Maldives are known as the lowest located state.
The total area is 90 thousand km², the land area is 298 km 2. The capital Male - the only city and port of the archipelago - is located on the atoll of the same name.
As for tourism, it is worth noting that all the main beauties of the Maldives are located below sea level, while on land there are no special attractions. There is the unremarkable capital of Male, many similar to each other uninhabited islands where people like to have picnics, as well as a kind of "action" - a fishing excursion. Perhaps the only remarkable surface excursion is the "Photo-flight", a seaplane flight over the islands. Other popular excursions are a yacht cruise or a submarine dive. The most common way of spending time among tourists in the Maldives is diving, since there are coral reefs near every island. Also popular are windsurfing, catamaran, water skiing, snorkelling, beach volleyball, tennis, billiards, squash and darts.
8
- Area: 261 km 2
- Population: 51 538 people
- Density: 164 people / km 2
- Motto: "The state is above personal interests"
- Form of government: Parliamentary monarchy
- Capital: Buster
An island nation in the Caribbean. Includes 2 islands - Saint Christopher, aka Saint Kitts (Saint Kitts, St. Kitts), and Nevis, from the Lesser Antilles ridge. Both islands are of volcanic origin, mountainous. The total length of the coastline is 135 km.
Saint Kitts and Nevis is the smallest state in the Western Hemisphere, both in area and in population.
She is a member of the British Commonwealth, headed by the Queen of Great Britain.
The two traditional industries in Saint Kitts and Nevis are agriculture and tourism. The main agricultural crop is sugar cane (one third of the cultivated land). Cotton, coconut, pineapples are grown on the island of Nevis. The coffee tree, bananas, peanuts, yams, and rice are also cultivated. Livestock raising is well developed - goats and sheep are raised. Fishing is also a traditional craft. However, agricultural production provides no more than half of the domestic food needs.
7
- Area: 181 km 2
- Population: 53 158 people
- Density: 293.7 people / km 2
- Motto: "Reaching Through Common Effort, Marshallian"
- Form of government: Republic
- Capital: Majuro
The Micronesian state of the Marshall Islands is a cluster of atolls and islands located in the Pacific Ocean just north of the equator.
The Marshall Islands are named after British Captain John Marshall (also known as William Marshall), who, along with fellow Captain Thomas Gilbert, after whom the neighboring Gilbert Islands are named, explored the archipelago in 1788 while transporting prisoners to New South Wales.
The land area of \u200b\u200bthe Marshall Islands is only 181.3 km 2, while the area occupied by lagoons is 11 673 km 2. The country is located on 29 atolls and 5 outlying islands, which are divided into two groups: 18 islands in the Ralik chain (translated from the Marshallian language as “sunset”) and 16 islands in the Ratak chain (or Radak; translated from the Marshallian language as “sunrise”) ... Both chains are about 250 km apart and stretch from northwest to southeast for about 1200 km. The most important islands are the Kwajalein and Majuro atolls. The largest island in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Kwajalein is also an atoll with the largest lagoon in the world.
6
- Area: 160 km 2
- Population: 37 313 people
- Density: 229.56 people / km 2
- Motto: "For God, Prince and Fatherland"
- Form of government: nominally constitutional monarchy
- Capital: Vaduz
The Principality of Liechtenstein is a dwarf state in Central Europe. Liechtenstein borders Austria in the east and Switzerland in the west, its territory is completely surrounded by the territories of these states.
The principality is located in the spurs of the Alps, the highest point is Mount Graushpitz (2,599 m). One of the largest rivers in Western Europe, the Rhine, flows through the western part of the country.
The Principality of Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the prince. Legislative power belongs to the prince and the Landtag (parliament), the executive power is vested in the government, which is elected by the Landtag for the term of his office and approved by the prince. The majority of the population speaks the Alemannic dialect of the German language.
This beautiful fairy-tale country, despite its very small size, is famous for its ancient history and rich cultural heritage. Picturesque natural landscapes, magnificent medieval architecture and, of course, a fashionable ski resort are famous all over the world.
The heart of Liechtenstein and its "pearl" is the capital Vaduz. It is here that most of the country's attractions are concentrated. The visiting card not only of the city, but of the entire state is the magnificent princely castle of Vaduz. A wonderful architectural structure rises on a hill and can be seen from anywhere in the city.
5
- Area: 61 km 2
- Population: 32 742 people
- Density: 520 people / km 2
- Motto: "Liberty"
- Form of government: parliamentary republic
- Capital:
San Marino is located in Southern Europe, surrounded on all sides by the territory of Italy. Within its current borders, San Marino is the oldest state in Europe. The country is located on the southwestern slope of the three-domed mountain range of Monte Titano (738 m above sea level), towering above the hilly plain of the foothills of the Apennines.
The legendary foundation of San Marino dates back to the early 4th century. According to legend, in 301, a member of one of the first Christian communities from the island of Rab in the Adriatic Sea (the territory of modern Croatia), the stonecutter Marino and his friends found refuge in the Apennines, on the top of Mount Titano. He opened quarries in the mountain, and then, seeking solitude, he built himself a small cell on its top and withdrew from the world. The glory of his holy life attracted crowds of pilgrims to him, and soon a small monastery was formed near his cell. This monastery, named after its founder, Saint Marina, undoubtedly existed already at the end of the 6th century and lived an independent life, politically not dependent on any of its neighbors.
San Marino has a republican form of government. The heads of state are two captain-regents appointed by the Grand General Council.
Inbound tourism plays a significant role in the country's economy; up to 2 million people are involved in the tourism industry on the territory of the state annually, and more than 3 million tourists visit the country every year.
4
- Area: 26 km 2
- Population: 10 782 people
- Density: 431,00 people / km 2
- Motto: "Tuvalu is for Almighty God"
- Form of government: monarchy
- Capital: Funafuti
Tuvalu is a tiny state in Oceania with a population of about 11,000. Airplanes from Fiji arrive here 2 times a week and almost certainly in 50 years this state will be under water, and now there is a targeted resettlement of local residents to other states, such as Fiji, New Zealand and Australia.
This Pacific state is located in Polynesia and until 1975 was called the Ellis Islands. The modern name translated from the Tuvalu language means "eight standing together" (meaning the eight traditionally inhabited islands of Tuvalu; the ninth - Niulakita - was inhabited relatively recently). The European discoverer of the islands, Alvaro Mendanha de Neira, called the archipelago "Lagoon Islands", and in 1819 it was named "Ellis Islands", which was used for almost the entire colonial era
Tuvalu is a cluster of atolls and islands located in the Pacific Ocean just south of the equator. Tuvalu's land area is only 26 km 2, while the area occupied by lagoons is more than 494 km 2. The country is located on 5 atolls (Nanumea, Nui, Nukulaelae, Nukufetau, Funafuti), 3 low-lying coral islands (Nanumanga, Niulakita, Niutao) and one atoll / reef island (Vaitupu), stretching from northwest to southeast for 595 km ...
A significant part of Tuvalu's population lives in the capital and only city of the country, Funafuti - 47%.
3
- Area: 21 km 2
- Population: 9 488 people
- Density: 473.43 people / km 2
- Motto: "God's will comes first"
- Form of government: parliamentary republic
- Capital: There is no official capital; unofficial - the city of Yaren.
The Republic of Nauru is a dwarf state on the coral island of the same name in the western part of the Pacific Ocean. The origin of the word "Nauru" is not exactly known. As it is now, the Nauruans in the distant past called the island "Naoero".
There is no official capital or cities on the island. The seat of the president is in Meneng County, while government offices and parliament are in Yaren County. The entire population of the island lives along the coast, as well as around Lake Bouada.
2
- Area: 2.02 km 2
- Population: 30 508 people
- Density: 18 679 people / km 2
- Motto: "God willing"
- Form of government: dualistic constitutional monarchy
- Capital:
A dwarf state associated with France, located in southern Europe on the coast of the Ligurian Sea near the French Cote d'Azur, 20 km north-east of Nice; on land it borders on France. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world. The principality is widely known for its casinos in Monte Carlo and the stage of the Formula 1 championship held here - the Monaco Grand Prix. The length of the coastline is 4.1 km, the length of the land borders is 4.4 km. Over the past 20 years, the country's territory has increased by almost 40 hectares due to the drainage of marine areas.
The first people built their settlements on the territory of Monaco in the X century BC. e., these were the Phoenicians. The Greeks and Monoiks joined much later.
The history of modern Monaco begins in 1215 with the founding of a colony of the Republic of Genoa on the territory of the principality and the construction of a fortress.
As of 2014, the population of Monaco is 37,800 people, but it is worth noting that most of the full citizens of the state are Monegasques. They are exempt from taxes and have the right to settle in the area of \u200b\u200bthe old city.
The economy of Monaco is developing mainly due to tourism, gambling, the construction of new residences, as well as due to media funds covering the life of the princely family.
1
- Area: 0.44 km 2
- Population: 842 people
- Density: 1900 people / km 2
- Form of government: absolute theocratic monarchy
- Capital:
And, undoubtedly, the title of the smallest state in the world belongs to the Vatican. The Vatican is a dwarf enclave state (the smallest officially recognized state in the world) within the territory of Rome, associated with Italy. The status of the Vatican in international law is an auxiliary sovereign territory of the Holy See, the seat of the highest spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.
Foreign diplomatic missions are accredited to the Holy See, and not to the Vatican city-state. Foreign embassies and missions accredited to the Holy See, due to the small territory of the Vatican, are located in Rome (including the Italian embassy, \u200b\u200bwhich is thus located in its own capital.
In antiquity, the territory of the Vatican (lat.ager vaticanus) was not inhabited, since in ancient Rome this place was considered sacred. Emperor Claudius held circus games at this place. In 326, after the arrival of Christianity, the Basilica of Constantine was erected over the supposed tomb of St. Peter, and since then this place has been inhabited.
The Vatican is a theocratic state ruled by the Holy See. The sovereign of the Holy See, in whose hands the absolute legislative, executive and judicial powers are concentrated, is the Pope, who is elected by the cardinals for life. After the death or abdication of the Pope and during the conclave until the enthronement of the new Pope, his duties (with significant restrictions) are performed by the Camelengo.
The Vatican has a non-profit planned economy. The sources of income are primarily donations from Catholics around the world. Some of the funds are tourism (sale of postage stamps, Vatican euro coins, souvenirs, museum visits). Most of the workforce (museum attendants, gardeners, janitors, etc.) is made up of Italian citizens.
The Vatican's budget is $ 310 million.
The Vatican has its own bank, better known as the Institute for Religious Affairs.
Solovki is a canvas woven of spiritual strength and bodily weakness, human joy and universal grief, willpower and betrayals, beautiful lies and ugly truth, the hiss of the surf and unique sunsets, silvery fish and the rustle of wings. It is stitched with heather roots and the rays of the sun, covered with snow and illuminated by the northern lights, spiced with blood, vodka and rain. The Solovki rushes on the White Sea winds, shimmering with all the colors of life, and rustling their stories to everyone who wants to hear them.
The Solovetsky archipelago (Solovki) is located in the Onega Bay, 164 kilometers from the conventional line of the Arctic Circle. The archipelago consists of six large and about 260 small islands. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Big Solovetsky Island is 221.8 km2, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire archipelago exceeds 300 km2. The highest point is Mount Verbokolskaya (88.2 m).
photo: Kirill Ponomarev
The geographical location of the archipelago led to the emergence of its own microclimate: cherry blossoms (but does not bear fruit) on the islands, cedar pines, maples, and hazel trees grow. Most of the archipelago is covered with coniferous and deciduous forests, but some areas are tundra and forest-tundra. The glacier played an important role in the formation of the archipelago. There are more than 600 freshwater lakes on Solovki, in which perch, roach, pike, burbot, and trout are found. In the forests, you can find a white hare, a fox, a squirrel. In rare years, when the White Sea freezes over, reindeer and elk come in. Sea animals include seal, beluga whale, sea hare, harp seal. The sea is home to catfish, pinagor, flounder, cod, navaga and Solovetsky herring. The coastal strip of the archipelago is unusually rich in algae plantations - seaweed (kelp), fucus and anfelcia, from which agar-agar is extracted.
photo: Kirill Ponomarev
The history of the development of the Solovetsky archipelago is about 7000 years old. Ancient sites, barrows and seids were discovered here. The most mysterious monuments are the sanctuaries of the III-II millennium BC, which include the famous ones. The main historical and architectural monuments of the archipelago are associated with the history of an influential spiritual monastery and the northernmost medieval fortress in the world. , reflected in the waters of the Holy Lake or the Bay of Wellbeing, is one of the most popular and loved by tourists. In Soviet times, the first special-purpose camp in the USSR was located on the archipelago, which laid the foundation for the Stalinist gulag. More than 1,000,000 prisoners have passed through their branches on the mainland.
Today the territory of the Solovetsky archipelago and the adjacent water area are a nature reserve. In 1992, the historical and architectural ensemble of the Solovetsky Monastery was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and in 1995 it was classified as a particularly valuable natural and historical heritage of Russia.
text: based on the materials of the guidebook "History of the Solovetsky Archipelago", author Oleg Kodola
photo in the upper block: Svetlana Ladkina, Anna Khazova, Igor Pavlov, Lyudmila Gagarinova, Evgeny Kondratyev, Nikolay Kvartnikov, Kirill Ponomarev
photo: Natalia Bochkareva
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