Competition “The World Around Us” “Environmental Zones” of the Moscow Region National Park“Losiny Ostrov”Project author:
Student of 3rd grade "B"
AOU school No. 9
Skoropisova Daria
Teacher:
Budnikova Tamara
Victorovna
Losiny Ostrov Nature Reserve
National Park"Losiny Ostrov" - one
one of the first in Russia, created
in 1983 on the territory
served since ancient times
protected
hunting grounds
great princes and kings.
Founding history
"Losiny Island" is a uniqueterritory. Here, close to
multi-million city in
preserved in its natural state
nature Central Russia in all of her
variety: coniferous, birch and
broad-leaved forests, areas of meadows and
raised bogs, the sources of the Yauza with lakes and
floodplains. Ten kilometers from the Kremlin
live beavers, wild boars and moose, many
birds of prey, growing rare in
Moscow region plants. Losiny
the island preserves not only forests,
once surrounded the Kremlin, but also history
rural way of life of our ancestors. IN
Museum "Russian Life", located in
estate of Losinoostrovsky forestry, you
see how the archaeological finds of the origins
Slavs, and everyday objects of XIX-XX
centuries. In winter, after a walk in the forest, in a hut
You can warm up by the stove and have a hot drink
fragrant tea. On hot days the house gives
coolness. From here you can organize
horseback riding in the park: in the summer in a tarantass,
in winter - in a sleigh with bells.
Plants of Losiny Island
Environmentaltrails "Losiny Ostrov" is one of the possibilities of combining relaxation with
knowledge of nature and history
Moscow outskirts. Most
visited route - trail "Such
familiar forest." You can walk through it
both independently and in
accompanied by a guide. Thick
thickets of fir trees create a feeling
fabulous dense forest and difficult
believe that you are in line
Moscow, 2 km from Yaroslavl highway and
just 15 km from the Kremlin. Rare animals of Losiny Island Fauna of Losinoy
islands" National Park
"Elk Island"
situated on
area 10144 hectares in
northeast
parts of Moscow
(one third of the territory) and
its forest park
belts (two thirds
territory) on
slightly wavy and
flat lowered
plain with common
slope to the east, at
southern borders
spurs of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge and
Meshcherskaya
lowlands
Slide 2
1)Location and history national park"Elk Island"
Slide 3
- “Losiny Island” was founded in 1983 on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region with the aim of preserving natural complexes, optimizing environmental management, developing national culture and creating conditions for organized recreation.
Slide 4
It is located northeast of Moscow, with a third of it located within the administrative boundaries of the city, and its forests begin just 8 km from the Kremlin.
Slide 5
As part of the park lands forest lands occupy 85%, including forested areas - 9.6 thousand hectares (81%). The composition of non-forest lands includes swamps - 5%, water - 1%
Slide 6
2) Fauna of the Losiny Ostrov National Park
Slide 7
Over the past 30 years, just under 280 species of vertebrate animals have been found in the park. Of these, 45 species are mammals, about 200 species are birds, of which the fact of nesting has been established for 139 species. Reptiles are represented by 4 species, amphibians - 8, fish - at least 19 species.
Slide 8
ELK (Alces alces) is the largest modern deer.
- Adult males have a body length of up to 300 cm, a height at the withers of up to 235 cm and a weight of up to 580-600 kg.
- Very large, wide and mobile ears.
- Under the throat, a soft leathery outgrowth hangs down - an “earring”, reaching 25-40 cm.
- The color of the moose is brownish-black. The legs from the middle of the shin and forearm down are light gray, almost white.
Slide 9
BABYRUSSA (Babyrousa babyrussa)
She has a relatively small head, short ears, a strongly arched back, and high and thin legs. The tail is short without a brush at the end. The skin is wrinkled and covered with such sparse stubble that the body appears naked.
The upper canines, especially in males, are very long (up to 30 cm). They penetrate the skin of the muzzle and bend back. In very old males, the canines curve so strongly that they form a complete ring and their ends grow into the upper jaw.
The lower canines are shorter than the upper ones, but also large, and their ends are directed upward and backward
The BABIRUSSA species is listed in the International Red Book
Slide 10
SPOKEN DEER (Cervus nipon) slender, light build, summer fur is spotted at all ages. In winter, spotting is weak or absent at all. The “mirror” is very small and does not go to the croup above the root of the tail. The body length of adult males is 173-180 cm, females - 162-174 cm; height at the withers of males - 109-112 cm, females - 94-98 cm; the weight of males is 117-131 kg, females - 73-84 kg (in nurseries up to 148 and 86 kg, respectively). The length of the horns of adults is 65-79 cm (up to 93 cm).
The species SPOTTED DEER is listed in the Red Book of Russia
Slide 11
The muskrat (Desmana moschata) is relatively large: its body length is 18-22 cm, weight up to 520 g. The scaly tail, equal to the length of the body and flattened on the sides, has a keel on the upper ridge of thick and long hair. The hair of the muskrat is very thick, even, soft, silky, and in healthy animals it does not get wet; brownish-brown above, silver below.
The most protected species of mammals:
The muskrat species is listed in the Red Book of Russia and in the International Red Book
Slide 12
RED VECHERNITA (Nyctalus noctula) is one of the common inhabitants of deciduous forests and parks in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It has become an important object in the study of seasonal migrations, thermoregulation, nutrition, echolocation and other features of biology.
Slide 13
ERMINA (Mustela erminea) is generally similar to the weasel, but larger and clearly distinguished by the black tip of its tail. Body length ranges from 16 to 38 cm, tail from 6 to 12 cm, weight up to 260 g, but usually less. Like the weasel, the ermine turns white in winter and only the tip of the tail remains black.
TWO-COLORED SKIN (Vespertilio murinus) - This is a small animal (forearm 41-48 mm), covered with thick blackish or reddish fur with white tips. Distributed from Western Europe to the mouth of the Ussuri.
Slide 14
The EUROPEAN MINK species is listed in the International Red Book
EUROPEAN MINK (Mustela lutreola)By appearance the mink resembles a weasel and a ferret, but its body is even more squat, its head is flattened, its ears are smaller, its fur is much denser, with a very thick underfur. The color is uniform, dark brown, more reddish in the European species. He also has a white spot on both lips.
The length of its body is 32-43 cm, tail - 12-19 cm, weight - 550-800 g,
Slide 15
The species BLACK STORK is listed in the Red Book of Russia
- BLACK STORK (Ciconia nigra)
- Its wing length is on average 54 cm, weight is about 3 kg.
- The plumage of this bird is predominantly black with a greenish and copper-red metallic tint, the ventral side of the body is white.
- The beak, legs, throat, unfeathered patch on the bridle and near the eyes are bright red.
- The most protected bird species:
Slide 16
GREEN WOODPECKER (Picus virdis)
Its dorsal side and wings are yellowish-olive, the rump is shiny yellow, the flight feathers are brown, the tail is brownish-black with grayish transverse stripes.
The top of the head, the back of the head and the stripe running from the lower jaw to the neck are carmine red, the forehead, the area around the eyes and the cheeks are black. The ears, throat and crop are whitish, the rest of the ventral side of the body is pale green with dark streaks.
The length of the green woodpecker is 35-37 cm, weight up to 250 g.
Slide 17
THRUSH WILLER (Acrocephalus arundinaceus)
- The length of its body exceeds 200 mm, weight is about 30 g.
- The dorsal side is olive-brown with a slight reddish tint.
- Above the eye is a pale buffy eyebrow.
- The belly is off-white with a lighter throat and front of the neck.
Slide 18
Falco vespertinus
- The falcon has a short and relatively weak beak, and short fingers.
- Total length 29-33 cm, wingspan 70-77 cm, wing length 23-25 cm.
- Male falcons are bluish-brown with a blackish head and blackish tails; the back of the belly, the undertail and the plumage of the lower leg are rufous.
- Female falcons are gray with dark brownish-gray transverse stripes on the dorsal side; crown red with dark longitudinal spots; the ventral side is buffy or red, sometimes with a longitudinal dark narrow pattern; flight feathers are gray with a white transverse pattern on the inner webs; the tail is grayish with buffy transverse stripes.
Slide 19
GREEN TOAD (Bufo viridis) is colored on top in light gray-olive tones with large dark green spots trimmed with a narrow black border. The skin is tuberous, on the sides of the head there are two large clusters of poisonous glands - parotids.
The most protected species of amphibians
Slide 20
The NEWT species is listed in the Red Book of Russia
NEWT (Triturus vulgaris)
- Its total length reaches 11 cm, usually about 8 cm, of which about half is the tail.
- The skin is smooth or fine-grained. The color of the upper side of the body is olive-brown, the lower side is yellowish with small dark spots.
- There are longitudinal dark stripes on the head, of which the stripe passing through the eye is always noticeable.
- The color of males during the mating season becomes brighter and a scalloped crest grows from the back of the head to the end of the tail, usually with an orange border and a blue stripe with a pearlescent sheen. This fin fold is not interrupted at the base of the tail. Lobed edges are formed on the hind toes,
- The female does not have breeding colors or a dorsal crest, but the color becomes brighter. The crest of the male newt is an additional respiratory organ and is especially rich in capillary vessels
There are no large rivers or reservoirs in or near the national park. But its territory is crossed by a rather dense network of small rivers, streams and hollows. This is where the sources of the river are located. The Yauza and its tributaries Ichka, Budaika, Los, Nekhlyudov sleeve, Bogorodsky and Bannyi streams and the river. Pekhorka (tributary of the Moscow River) with a number of small tributaries. In the eastern part, the park is crossed by a water canal built in the pre-war years, supplying Volga water to the capital. Water from this canal also flows to the Yauza and Pekhorka. There are several ponds in the park: Alekseevsky, Golyanovsky, Kazenny, Yegersky, etc. All these ponds are located in the recreational area of the park. In the depths of the forest, many barrels have been preserved, created in the last century for fire prevention purposes. Now they are extremely important for animals as watering places and breeding grounds for amphibians. The swamps in the park occupy a fairly large area. The Verkhne-Yauza wetland complex with an area of about 1 thousand hectares is of particular value. In addition to the vast massif, there is a number of swamps of different sizes and origins (lowland, transitional, upland) and areas with constant and periodic waterlogging.
Losiny Ostrov National Park is the first in Russia, created in 1983 on the territory that since ancient times served as jealously protected hunting grounds of great princes and tsars. The first forest management was carried out here in 1842, and the idea of creating a national park was expressed back in 1909.
The park is located in the Moscow region and Moscow. The area is more than 12 thousand hectares, including 3 thousand hectares within the administrative boundaries of the city.
Geographically, the park is confined to the junction of the Meshcherskaya lowland and the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, which is the watershed of the Moscow and Klyazma rivers. The terrain of the territory is a slightly undulating plain. Absolute altitudes areas range from 146 (floodplain of the Yauza River) to 175 m above sea level (squares 45 and 54 of the Yauza Forest Park). In the central part of the park there are gentle moraine ridges.
The history of this place is known from documents of the 14th century, in particular, from the spiritual letters of Russian princes - Ivan Kalita, Dimitry Donskoy, Vladimir Andreevich Serpukhovsky and their descendants. They mention arable lands, forests, and borders located on the territory of the current national park. Later, this area becomes a place for royal hunts, and the lands of the future “Elk Island” come under protection. During the Time of Troubles, economic activity in these places is sharply reduced, and former arable lands are again overgrown with forest. The heyday of Losiny Island as a hunting ground is associated with the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.
With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the territory of “Losiny Island” loses its significance as royal hunting grounds, but as state property it is protected by imperial decrees. Around the same time, the name “Losiny Ostrov” or “Pogonny Elk Island” was finally assigned to the territory. In 1934, Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer forest park belt of Moscow.
In 1979, by a joint decision of the Moscow city and regional councils of people's deputies, it was organized natural Park"Losiny Island", and in 1983, by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a national park was formed.
"Losiny Ostrov" is unique territory. Its uniqueness lies not in the fact that there are any special “super-remarkable” objects like the Grand Canyon or a free herd of elephants, but in the fact that on its territory, near a city with a population of millions, the nature of Central Russia in all its diversity has been preserved in its natural form: coniferous, birch and broad-leaved forests, areas of meadows and raised bogs, the sources of the Yauza with lakes and floodplains. Ten kilometers from the Kremlin live beavers, wild boars and moose, many birds of prey, and plants rare in the Moscow region grow.
The “island” is also interesting for its historical and cultural attractions. Archaeological research has revealed to us the burial mounds of the Vyatichi people (XI-XII centuries), ancient settlements. The excavations in Alekseevskaya Grove were sensational, where the remains of a palace building from the late 17th century were discovered. And the history of the Mytishchi pumping station is closely connected with the construction of the first gravity water supply system in Russia during the time of Catherine II. Once upon a time in these parts there was a chapel on the famous Thunder Spring, the most abundant source of water for the capital city. And the Belokamennaya station on the first Moscow district railway- a rare monument of industrial architecture. On Yaroslavskoe Highway (former road to Trinity), park visitors will be pointed out Poklonnaya Gora- a holy place for pilgrims.
The forests of Losiny Ostrov stretch for almost 10 km from south to north and 20 km from west to east. They occupy more than 80% of the park's area. Birch forests took a dominant position, and the number of linden and aspen forests increased. From the 19th century only a few old pine trees remained. Hazel, rowan, euonymus, honeysuckle, and buckthorn grow in the undergrowth. Among the abundant herbaceous vegetation you can see anemone, lungwort, chistak, goose onion, corydalis... There are also rare species that are subject to special protection.
More than 48 species of mammals live in the lands of Losiny Ostrov: moose, sika deer, wild boars, foxes, hares, minks, stoats... On the reservoirs you can see beaver dams and muskrat lodges.
Almost 200 species of birds nest in the park or are observed on migration routes. Very rarely, but still, the black stork flies to Losiny Ostrov - a species listed in the Red Books of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Bean geese, gray and white-fronted geese and even whooper swan stop to rest. And thousands of ducks of different species, flocks of herons, and colonies of seagulls have become commonplace here.
"Losiny Ostrov" is the only nesting place in the Moscow region for a feathered predator - the falcon. Goshawk, hobby hawk, buzzard, black kite, and kestrel live freely here. In the meadows and swamps you can hear the voices of crakes, bitterns, and corncrakes. The tawny owl nests in linden hollows, and the long-eared owl nests in small forests.
The sources of the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers are located in the park. The climate of the region is moderate continental. Fluctuations in the average annual temperature are 3-4.80. The coldest month is January ( average temperature-90 - 110), the warmest is July (average temperature +190 +200). The prevailing winds are western and southwestern directions.
The wildlife preserved inside the metropolis amazes our guests. One of them, an employee of the Pyrenees National Park D. Tribault-Laspierre (France), even wrote a letter to the President of Russia: “I expected to see something like a large public garden, adapted for the needs of citizens, in which you can admire the trees and lawns. However, in fact, this is a real protected area where wildlife, a real national park... None Big City France and, as far as I know, all of Europe, and who knows, the whole world, cannot boast of such a contrast."
However, the value of Losiny Ostrov is not limited to its natural advantages. Ancient land has its own deep historical and cultural roots. In 1989, by order of the national park, the first archaeological expedition was organized, as a result of which ancient burials of the Vyatichi Slavs of the 9th-12th centuries were discovered. Historical and landscape studies, now carried out annually, have revealed burial mounds, settlements, and ancient roads.
Archaeological excavations in Alekseevskaya Grove became sensational. Grove - most beautiful place in the park: ship pines, mighty spruce trees, ponds, the Pekhorka River. Thousands of Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region love to relax here. On ancient maps, next to the ponds, a place called Alekseevsky Palace was marked. And indeed, under a layer of soil, archaeologists found the remains of a palace building from the mid-17th century. - white stone masonry, stove tiles, unique tiles. There was an assumption that one of the travel palaces of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was located in Alekseevskaya Grove. Now it is planned to create a museum complex "Tsar's Hunt in Rus'" on this site.
Slide 1
Slide 2
1)Losiny Ostrov national park location and history
Slide 3
- “Losiny Island” was founded in 1983 on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region with the aim of preserving natural complexes, optimizing environmental management, developing national culture and creating conditions for organized recreation.
Slide 4
- It is located northeast of Moscow, while a third of it is located within the administrative boundaries of the city, and its forests begin just 8 km from the Kremlin.
Slide 5
- Forest lands occupy 85% of the park’s lands, including forested lands - 9.6 thousand hectares (81%). The composition of non-forest lands includes swamps - 5%, water - 1%
Slide 6
Slide 7
Over the past 30 years, just under 280 species of vertebrate animals have been found in the park. Of these, 45 species are mammals, about 200 species are birds, of which the fact of nesting has been established for 139 species. Reptiles are represented by 4 species, amphibians - 8, fish - at least 19 species.
Slide 8
ELK (Alces alces) is the largest modern deer. Adult males have a body length of up to 300 cm, a height at the withers of up to 235 cm and a weight of up to 580-600 kg. Very large, wide and mobile ears. Under the throat hangs down a soft leathery outgrowth - an “earring”, reaching 25-40 cm. The color of the elk is brownish-black. The legs from the middle of the shin and forearm down are light gray, almost white.
Slide 9
BABYROUSA (Babyrousa babyrussa) She has a relatively small head, short ears, a strongly arched back, high and thin legs. The tail is short without a brush at the end. The skin is wrinkled and covered with such sparse stubble that the body appears naked. The upper canines, especially in males, are very long (up to 30 cm). They penetrate the skin of the muzzle and bend back. In very old males, the canines curve so strongly that they form a complete ring and their ends grow into the upper jaw. The lower fangs are shorter than the upper ones, but also large, and their ends are directed upward and backward. The BABIRUSSA species is listed in the International Red Book
Slide 10
SPOTTED DEER (Cervus nipon) is slender, lightly built, with spotted summer fur at all ages. In winter, spotting is weak or absent at all. The “mirror” is very small and does not go to the croup above the root of the tail. The body length of adult males is 173-180 cm, females - 162-174 cm; height at the withers of males - 109-112 cm, females - 94-98 cm; the weight of males is 117-131 kg, females - 73-84 kg (in nurseries up to 148 and 86 kg, respectively). The length of the horns of adults is 65-79 cm (up to 93 cm). The species SPOTTED DEER is listed in the Red Book of Russia
Slide 11
The muskrat (Desmana moschata) is relatively large: its body length is 18-22 cm, weight up to 520 g. The scaly tail, equal to the length of the body and flattened on the sides, has a keel on the upper ridge of thick and long hair. The hair of the muskrat is very thick, even, soft, silky, and in healthy animals it does not get wet; brownish-brown above, silver below. The most protected species of mammals: The muskrat species is listed in the Red Book of Russia and in the international Red Book
Slide 12
RED VECHERNITA (Nyctalus noctula) is one of the common inhabitants of deciduous forests and parks in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It has become an important object in the study of seasonal migrations, thermoregulation, nutrition, echolocation and other features of biology.
Slide 13
ERMINA (Mustela erminea) is generally similar to the weasel, but larger and clearly distinguished by the black tip of its tail. Body length ranges from 16 to 38 cm, tail from 6 to 12 cm, weight up to 260 g, but usually less. Like the weasel, the ermine turns white in winter and only the tip of the tail remains black. TWO-COLORED SKIN (Vespertilio murinus) - This is a small animal (forearm 41-48 mm), covered with thick blackish or reddish fur with white tips. Distributed from Western Europe to the mouth of the Ussuri.
Slide 14
The species EUROPEAN MINK is listed in the International Red Book. EUROPEAN MINK (Mustela lutreola) In appearance, the mink resembles a weasel and a ferret, but its body is even more squat, the head is flattened, the ears are smaller, the fur is much denser, with a very thick underfur. The color is uniform, dark brown, more reddish in the European species. He also has a white spot on both lips. The length of its body is 32-43 cm, tail - 12-19 cm, weight - 550-800 g,
Slide 15
The species BLACK STORK is listed in the Red Book of Russia BLACK STORK (Ciconia nigra) Its wing length is on average 54 cm, weight is about 3 kg. The plumage of this bird is predominantly black with a greenish and copper-red metallic tint, the ventral side of the body is white. The beak, legs, throat, unfeathered patch on the bridle and near the eyes are bright red. The most protected bird species:
Slide 16
GREEN WOODPECKER (Picus virdis) The dorsal side and wings are yellowish-olive, the rump is shiny yellow, the flight feathers are brown, the tail is brownish-black with grayish transverse stripes. The top of the head, the back of the head and the stripe running from the lower jaw to the neck are carmine red, the forehead, the area around the eyes and the cheeks are black. The ears, throat and crop are whitish, the rest of the ventral side of the body is pale green with dark streaks. The length of the green woodpecker is 35-37 cm, weight up to 250 g.
Slide 17
THRUSH WILLER (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) Its body length exceeds 200 mm, weight about 30 g. The dorsal side is olive-brown with a slight reddish tint. Above the eye is a pale buffy eyebrow. The belly is off-white with a lighter throat and front of the neck.
Slide 18
Falconer (Falco vespertinus) The falcon has a short and relatively weak beak, and short fingers. Total length 29-33 cm, wingspan 70-77 cm, wing length 23-25 cm. Males of the falcon are bluish-brown with a blackish head and blackish tail feathers; the back of the belly, the undertail and the plumage of the lower leg are rufous. Female falcons are gray with dark brownish-gray transverse stripes on the dorsal side; crown red with dark longitudinal spots; the ventral side is buffy or red, sometimes with a longitudinal dark narrow pattern; flight feathers are gray with a white transverse pattern on the inner webs; the tail is grayish with buffy transverse stripes.
Slide 19
GREEN TOAD (Bufo viridis) is colored on top in light gray-olive tones with large dark green spots trimmed with a narrow black border. The skin is tuberous, on the sides of the head there are two large clusters of poisonous glands - parotids. The most protected species of amphibians
Slide 20
The NEWT species is listed in the Red Book of Russia. NEWT (Triturus vulgaris) Its total length reaches 11 cm, usually about 8 cm, of which about half is the tail. The skin is smooth or fine-grained. The color of the upper side of the body is olive-brown, the lower side is yellowish with small dark spots. There are longitudinal dark stripes on the head, of which the stripe passing through the eye is always noticeable. The color of males during the mating season becomes brighter and a scalloped crest grows from the back of the head to the end of the tail, usually with an orange border and a blue stripe with a pearlescent sheen. This fin fold is not interrupted at the base of the tail. Lobate edges form on the hind toes. The female has no breeding coloration or dorsal crest, but the color becomes brighter. The crest of the male newt is an additional respiratory organ and is especially rich in capillary vessels
