Story

First mention of the castle Markburch dates back to 1164. Marburg became the center of a small county in the Drava valley, which later became part of the Duchy of Styria. In 1254, Maribor received city rights. After the establishment of the Habsburg dynasty in Styria (1278), the city began to develop rapidly and became one of the most important trading centers in the region. In 1532 and 1683 Maribor successfully withstood the sieges of the Turks, who raided the Styrian lands.

Initially, the city was ecclesiastically subordinate to the bishops of Shekau, however, in 1859 the Bishopric of Lavant was transferred to Maribor, which since 1962 has received the name of the Bishopric of Maribor. In 2006, Pope Benedict XVI granted Maribor the status of an archbishopric.

After the annexation of Maribor to Yugoslavia, many Germans left the city, emigrating to Austria. German schools and organizations were closed. In response to the policy of Germanization of the Slavic population in Austria, the Yugoslav authorities attempted to culturally assimilate the German-speaking minority. However, back in the 1930s. The share of the German population of Maribor was 25%.

In November 2012, the city hosted the World Youth Chess Championship.

Maribor was recognized as the winner of the international competition “Youth Capital of Europe 2013”.

Population

Population dynamics

Attractions

The main tourist attractions of Maribor are the Gothic Cathedral of John the Baptist (12th century), the town hall built in the Renaissance style and the 15th century Maribor Castle. The city is home to the University of Maribor, founded in 1961. The oldest vineyards in Europe are also located here. Stara trta dating back more than 400 years. The local history museum is located in the historical building of the former Maribor synagogue of the 15th century.

In winter, skiing is popular on Mount Pohorje, where international slalom and giant slalom tracks have been created. In 2000, Maribor received the status Alpine city. The city has the second largest airport in Slovenia.

Climate

Twin Cities

• Saint-Petersburg, Russia ()
• Graz, Austria
• Kraljevo, Serbia
• Marburg, Germany
• Osijek, Croatia
• Pétange, Luxembourg
• Pueblo, USA
• Szombathely, Hungary
• Udine, Italy

Gallery

Maribor Grad 20070107.jpg

Maribor Castle

FranciscanChurch Maribor.jpg

Franciscan Church

Kužno znamenje Maribor.jpg

Plague Pillar

Maribor-TownHall.jpg

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• “This was probably done by Vines,” said Pierre, naming the famous miniaturist, bending over to the table to pick up a snuffbox, and listening to the conversation at another table.
  He stood up, wanting to go around, but the aunt handed the snuff box right across Helen, behind her. Helen leaned forward to make room and looked back, smiling. She was, as always at evenings, in a dress that was very open in front and back, according to the fashion of that time. Her bust, which always seemed marble to Pierre, was at such a close distance from his eyes that with his myopic eyes he involuntarily discerned the living beauty of her shoulders and neck, and so close to his lips that he had to bend down a little to touch her. He heard the warmth of her body, the smell of perfume and the creak of her corset as she moved. He did not see her marble beauty, which was one with her dress, he saw and felt all the charm of her body, which was covered only by clothes. And, once he saw this, he could not see otherwise, just as we cannot return to a deception once explained.
  “So you haven’t noticed how beautiful I am until now? – Helen seemed to say. “Have you noticed that I’m a woman?” Yes, I am a woman who can belong to anyone and you too,” said her look. And at that very moment Pierre felt that Helen not only could, but had to be his wife, that it could not be otherwise.
  He knew it at that moment as surely as he would have known it standing under the aisle with her. As it will be? and when? he did not know; he didn’t even know whether it would be good (he even felt that it was not good for some reason), but he knew that it would be.
  Pierre lowered his eyes, raised them again and again wanted to see her as such a distant, alien beauty as he had seen her every day before; but he could no longer do this. He could not, just as a person who had previously looked in the fog at a blade of weeds and saw a tree in it, cannot, after seeing the blade of grass, again see a tree in it. She was terribly close to him. She already had power over him. And between him and her there were no longer any barriers, except for the barriers of his own will.
  - Bon, je vous laisse dans votre petit coin. Je vois, que vous y etes tres bien, [Okay, I'll leave you in your corner. I see you feel good there,” said Anna Pavlovna’s voice.
  And Pierre, with fear remembering whether he had done something reprehensible, blushing, looked around him. It seemed to him that everyone knew, just like him, about what happened to him.
  After a while, when he approached the large circle, Anna Pavlovna said to him:
  – On dit que vous embellissez votre maison de Petersbourg. [They say you are decorating your St. Petersburg house.]
  (It was true: the architect said that he needed it, and Pierre, without knowing why, was decorating his huge house in St. Petersburg.)
  “C"est bien, mais ne demenagez pas de chez le prince Vasile. Il est bon d"avoir un ami comme le prince,” she said, smiling at Prince Vasily. - J"en sais quelque chose. N"est ce pas? [That's good, but don't move away from Prince Vasily. It's good to have such a friend. I know something about this. Isn't that right?] And you are still so young. You need advice. Don't be angry with me for taking advantage of old women's rights. “She fell silent, as women always remain silent, expecting something after they say about their years. – If you get married, then it’s a different matter. – And she combined them into one look. Pierre did not look at Helen, and she did not look at him. But she was still terribly close to him. He mumbled something and blushed.
  Returning home, Pierre could not fall asleep for a long time, thinking about what happened to him. What happened to him? Nothing. He just realized that the woman he knew as a child, about whom he absentmindedly said: “Yes, she’s good,” when they told him that Helen was beautiful, he realized that this woman could belong to him.
  “But she’s stupid, I said myself that she’s stupid,” he thought. “There is something nasty in the feeling that she aroused in me, something forbidden.” They told me that her brother Anatole was in love with her, and she was in love with him, that there was a whole story, and that Anatole was sent away from this. Her brother is Hippolytus... Her father is Prince Vasily... This is not good,” he thought; and at the same time as he reasoned like this (these reasonings still remained unfinished), he found himself smiling and realized that another series of reasoning was emerging from behind the first, that at the same time he was thinking about her insignificance and dreaming about how she will be his wife, how she can love him, how she can be completely different, and how everything that he thought and heard about her may not be true. And again he saw her not as some daughter of Prince Vasily, but saw her whole body, only covered with a gray dress. “But no, why didn’t this thought occur to me before?” And again he told himself that this was impossible; that something disgusting, unnatural, as it seemed to him, would be dishonest in this marriage. He remembered her previous words, looks, and the words and looks of those who saw them together. He remembered the words and looks of Anna Pavlovna when she told him about the house, he remembered thousands of such hints from Prince Vasily and others, and horror came over him, whether he had already tied himself in some way in carrying out such a task, which was obviously not good and which he should not do. But at the same time, as he expressed this decision to himself, from the other side of his soul her image emerged with all its feminine beauty.

  In November 1805, Prince Vasily was supposed to go to an audit in four provinces. He arranged this appointment for himself in order to visit his ruined estates at the same time, and taking with him (at the location of his regiment) his son Anatoly, he and him would go to Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky in order to marry his son to the daughter of this rich man old man. But before leaving and these new affairs, Prince Vasily needed to resolve matters with Pierre, who, however, had recently been spending whole days at home, that is, with Prince Vasily, with whom he lived, he was funny, excited and stupid (as he should to be in love) in the presence of Helen, but still did not propose.
  “Tout ca est bel et bon, mais il faut que ca finisse,” [All this is good, but we must end it] - Prince Vasily said to himself one morning with a sigh of sadness, realizing that Pierre, who owed him so much (well, yes Christ be with him!), is not doing very well in this matter. “Youth... frivolity... well, God bless him,” thought Prince Vasily, feeling his kindness with pleasure: “mais il faut, que ca finisse.” After Lelya’s name day tomorrow, I will call someone, and if he does not understand what he must do, then it will be my business. Yes, it's my business. I am the father!
  Pierre, a month and a half after Anna Pavlovna's evening and the sleepless, excited night that followed, in which he decided that marrying Helen would be a misfortune, and that he needed to avoid her and leave, Pierre, after this decision, did not move from Prince Vasily and was horrified felt that every day he was more and more connected with her in the eyes of people, that he could not in any way return to his previous view of her, that he could not tear himself away from her, that it would be terrible, but that he would have to connect with her destiny. Perhaps he could have abstained, but not a day passed when Prince Vasily (who rarely had a reception) did not have an evening at which Pierre should have been, if he did not want to upset the general pleasure and deceive everyone’s expectations. Prince Vasily, in those rare moments when he was at home, passing by Pierre, pulled him down by the hand, absentmindedly offered him a shaved, wrinkled cheek for a kiss and said either “see you tomorrow” or “by dinner, otherwise I won’t see you.” , or “I’m staying for you,” etc. But despite the fact that when Prince Vasily stayed for Pierre (as he said), he did not say two words to him, Pierre did not feel able to deceive his expectations . Every day he kept telling himself the same thing: “We must finally understand her and give ourselves an account: who is she? Have I been wrong before or am I wrong now? No, she's not stupid; no, she's a wonderful girl! - he said to himself sometimes. “She’s never wrong about anything, she’s never said anything stupid.” She doesn't say much, but what she says is always simple and clear. So she's not stupid. She has never been embarrassed and is not embarrassed. So she’s not a bad woman!” Often he happened to start reasoning with her, thinking out loud, and every time she answered him with either a short, but appropriately spoken remark, showing that she was not interested in this, or with a silent smile and glance, which most palpably showed Pierre her superiority. She was right in recognizing all reasoning as nonsense compared to that smile.
  She always turned to him with a joyful, trusting smile that was directed towards him alone, in which there was something more significant than what was in the general smile that always adorned her face. Pierre knew that everyone was only waiting for him to finally say one word, to step over a certain line, and he knew that sooner or later he would step over it; but some kind of incomprehensible horror seized him at the mere thought of this terrible step. A thousand times during this month and a half, during which he felt himself drawn further and further into that abyss that frightened him, Pierre said to himself: “What is this? It takes determination! Don’t I have it?”

In the photo, Saint Florian is the patron saint of the city of Maribor. It protects it from fire, epidemics and floods. The city suffered from these troubles more than once, and therefore the inhabitants of Maribor in the 17th century. They installed his statue in the square. And now Saint Florian carefully looks at everyone who passes through the carved gates of Maribor Castle.

Capital of Lower Styria

The city of Maribor is the capital of the Slovenian Podravska region - part of the historical region of Lower Styria (Štaerska). It is the second major city in Slovenia after the country's capital, Ljubljana, and is an economic, financial, administrative, cultural, university, commercial and tourist city. Maribor is the capital of a large agricultural region, and this area of ​​the country has always been known as one of the most favorable areas in Europe for the production of fruit and high-quality white wines. It is also a popular European resort - a winter sports center.

The city of Maribor stands at the foot of Mount Pohorje, on both banks of the deep Drava, where the river emerges from a mountain gorge onto the plain. Maribor is located at the crossroads of the main European routes along the Drava. The city has a very advantageous historical and geographical position: it is located halfway between the Austrian capital of Vienna and the Italian port of Trieste, and it is also an important transport hub on the railway line -. The economic development of the city is greatly facilitated by the fact that a large cascade of hydroelectric power stations on the Drava was built very close by.

Within the city, in the riverbed of the Drava, there is the island of Maribor, on which there are old public baths, and also a long canal, Zlatolichie, along the riverbed. Above the city, surrounded by vineyards that are more than 400 years old, rise two hills - Kalvari and Pyramid, on which the ruins of an 11th century castle are preserved. and a 19th century chapel.

City `s history

The oldest building in the city and its main attraction is the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, built in the first half of the 12th century. in Romanesque style. In the XII-XV centuries. The temple was expanded and rebuilt several times, and Gothic fragments appeared in its architecture. At the end of the 18th century. on the site of the bell tower destroyed by lightning, a new one grew - 57 m high. In 1857, the temple received the status of a cathedral.

In 1254, Maribor, which by that time had grown from a village at the castle into a large settlement, received city rights. Beginning in 1278, after the establishment of the Habsburg dynasty in Lower Styria, the city began to develop rapidly and became one of the most important trading centers in the region. The city's heyday occurred during the reign of Rudolf I of Habsburg (1218-1291), the king of Germany and the founder of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy.

At the end of the 13th century. active development of Maribor began. Many artists, scientists, and merchants came to the city. The city began to develop and grow richer even faster when Maribor received a monopoly on wine trade.

At the end of the 15th century. A castle appeared in the city, erected by Frederick III (1415-1493), the head of the Holy Roman Empire. The castle also underwent many reconstructions, as a result of which it inherited from previous eras the characteristic features of different architectural styles: Gothic, Renaissance, Rococo.

In 1532 and 1683 Maribor was besieged by the huge Turkish army of Sultan Suleiman II. Before this, the Turks were limited to raiding the surrounding Styrian lands. The city successfully repelled all the assaults (Maribor Castle played a significant role in this), and the Turks retreated.

In the 17th century the whole of Europe was engulfed in a terrible plague epidemic, about a third of the city's population died. In front of the 16th century town hall. there is a monument to the victims - the Plague Pillar. And Maribor Castle has been built since the beginning of the 17th century. lost its defensive significance, turning into the residence of influential townspeople.

Despite the rich history, very few monuments of medieval architecture have been preserved: most of the buildings were destroyed or rebuilt much later.

Before World War I, Lower Styria and Maribor were part of Austria-Hungary, and the city's population was 80% German and 20% Slovenian. The Germans dominated public life and city government.

During the war, many Slovenes from Lower Styria and Carinthia were declared enemies of the Austrian state and were denied access to government positions. At the same time, almost the entire rural population of the region was Slovenian.

In 1918, World War I ended and the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed. Austria immediately laid claim to all of Lower Styria, including Maribor. Simultaneously with the collapse of the empire, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed. Events developed quickly and took a bloody turn.

On January 27, 1919, the Maribor Germans, confident that the city would be Austrian, gathered in the city square and waited for the arrival of the mediating American delegation for peace negotiations, the outcome of which the Germans were already confident. The Germans, who did not expect resistance from the Slavs, were attacked by Slovenian troops of General Rudolf Meister (1874-1934). 200 officers and 4 thousand soldiers seized power in Maribor, 13 people were killed and more than 60 were wounded.

Without holding a referendum, Meister seized power in the city and declared it part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Since then, Rudolf Meister Day in Slovenia has been a national holiday.

The liberation of Maribor was of strategic importance in the formation of the territory of the modern Slovenian state, as it allowed not only to strengthen the northern borders, but also opened up opportunities for the further reconquest of Slovenian lands, in particular the cities of Ptuj, Celje, Lutomer, and also made it possible to reunite the historical region of Prekmurje with the new country.

In 1941, Nazi Germany annexed Lower Styria along with Maribor. The Fuhrer of the Third Reich, Adolf Hitler, attached special significance to this event: the Germans have always considered these lands to be theirs from the beginning. And in the same year, the Fuhrer personally visited Maribor, where he was given a pompous reception at the Maribor Castle. Speaking in the main hall of the castle, Hitler sealed the fate of the Slovenians by declaring: “I will make Germany out of this country.”

After the end of the war, those Germans who did not evacuate to Germany and Austria in advance, hoping for leniency from the Slovenes, were expelled from the country, German schools and organizations were closed.

After the liberation, Maribor began to develop at an accelerated pace.

This was greatly facilitated by its proximity to the Austrian border and the presence of a large number of skilled labor: during the war, the Germans assembled a large number of highly skilled Slovenian workers in their factories in Maribor.

Gradually, the city turned into the main transport, industrial and cultural center of the eastern part of Slovenia.

In 1991, after the collapse of Yugoslavia and the declaration of independence of the Slovenian Republic, Maribor plunged into an economic crisis due to the loss of Yugoslav markets for heavy industrial products. During those difficult times, many able-bodied residents of Maribor were unemployed. To date, the economic situation has fundamentally improved thanks to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, including in the service sector.

In winter, skiing is popular on Mount Pohorje, where the famous resort of Maribor Pohorje is located, the venue for international alpine skiing competitions.

general information

Location : northeast Slovenia.

Administrative affiliation : municipal district of Maribor, province of Lower Styria, Podravsky region.

First mention : 1164

City: since 1254

Language: Slovenian.

Ethnic composition : Slovenes.

Religions: Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, Islam.

Currency unit : euro.

River: Drava.

Airport: them. Jože Pučnika, Ljubljana (international).

Numbers

Square: 40.98 km 2 .

Population: 94,876 people (2017).

Population density : 2315.2 people/km 2 .

Highest point : 269.5 m.

Remoteness: 104 km southeast of Ljubljana.

Climate and weather

Moderate, transitional from marine to continental.

Cool winter, warm summer.

Average January temperature : -0.2°C.

Average temperature in July : +21°С.

Average annual precipitation : 893 mm.

Average annual relative humidity : 75%.

Economy

Industry: hydroelectric power (hydroelectric power station cascade on the Drava), mechanical engineering (transport), chemical, electrical, aluminum, paper, light (textile and leather and footwear), winemaking.

Transport node.

Center of the agricultural region.

Services sector: tourist (including resort - winter sports center), transport, trade, educational, medical, telecommunications, financial.

Attractions

Historical

Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (first half of the 12th century)

Church of St. Madeleine (XIII century)

Remains of the fortress wall with the Vodianaya, Judicial, Cheligiy and Jewish towers (XIV-XVI centuries)

Main square (XIV century)

Betnava estate (XIV century)

Maribor Castle (Museum of Local Lore, late 15th century)

• Slomškova Square is named in memory of the Slovenian enlightener Bishop Anton Martin Slomšek (1800-1862), to whom Maribor owes its “Slovenian” appearance. It was he who in 1859 moved the administration of the Lavantine diocese from Andraz to Maribor. The bishop was buried in the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist.

  In the 12th century. the castle that stood on the site of the future city bore the German name Marpurkh (other options are Markhburkh, Marburkh and Marburk), which was associated with the German words “markh” - border and “burk” - fortress. Later, during the Austrian period of the city's history, it was called Marburg an der Drau, or Marburg an der Drau (to avoid confusion with the German city of Marburg in Hesse). The Slovenian name Maribor was coined in the second half of the 19th century. Stanko Vraz (1810-1851) or Lovro Toman (1827-1870) were Slovenian poets, figures of the Slovenian national revival, ideologists of the “Illyrist” movement, who adhered to the idea of ​​Greater Illyria: a country that occupied all Yugoslav territories. The Slovenians themselves call their city Marprk or Marprog.

  An old grapevine grows right in the city: its age is over 400 years. The vine continues to bear fruit annually, from which only a few dozen bottles of expensive wine are made.

  The Judicial Tower is one of the four defensive towers of the Maribor fortress wall that have survived to this day. In 1540, the tower was rebuilt into an independent fortress. Its name is associated with the trials that took place there. The tower featured in famous witch massacres.

  The Maribor water tower was built back in the 16th century, and it never provided the city with water. The purpose of creating this building in the Renaissance style was not so much to save the city residents from dehydration, but to give the impression of “caring” for the citizens. The tower miraculously survived: it was used as a warehouse and museum. It is the oldest of the city's four surviving towers.

  Town Hall Square is one of the smallest squares in Maribor, located behind the town hall. In the Middle Ages, executions were carried out there. And later, the Austrian rulers tried to turn it into a bullring, transferring this Spanish tradition to Lower Styria. The tradition did not take root due to lack of interest among the population.