Everyone knows that it is simply impossible to build roads, build bridges, build houses without special equipment. There are a myriad of machines that make these tasks much easier and faster. One of them - called the T-330 tractor - will be discussed in this article.
Place of production and creators
This bulldozer was developed by engineers in Chelyabinsk and is produced in the city of Cheboksary at a tractor plant. This machine is one of a kind, as it combines the most standardized and unified units and parts. The T-330 tractor was the first of its kind in the USSR to have a front cab. Such an engineering move was fully justified, because in this case the driver had a better view of the road and the work area.
Exploitation
The active use of the bulldozer began in the 1980s, and before that, for several years the machine was under constant revision, after which it received a recommendation for use in industry.
The T-330 tractor, as has been shown by many years of practice, may well be used as an alternative to expensive Western counterparts. The bulldozer is not only endowed with the highest power, but also has a tremendous margin of safety and ease of maintenance and repair. It is also important that the T-330 tractor is much lower than its imported "colleagues".
Disadvantage and its elimination
The main negative quality of the entire industrial bulldozer of the tractor-ripper is its insufficient motor resource. Initially, the engine performance was only three years. At the same time, overhaul did not bring the desired result and did not always bring the motor to the required initial technical indicators. In this regard, a number of tractors of this series were equipped with specially adapted engines from foreign manufacturers.
After the modernization, which was largely facilitated by the many years of experience in operating the bulldozer, the survivability of the machine components was increased. The final result of these measures was the production of a slightly more powerful motor, the cooling mode of which can be carried out both with the help of liquid and air. This engine turned out to be more adaptable and is able to work for a long time both in severe frost and in searing heat.
Main purpose
The bulldozer is actively used to perform repair, construction, assembly and reclamation operations. The instruction manual for the T-330 tractor states that the ambient temperature range for normal operation of the machine can be in the range from -50 to +50 degrees Celsius. The tractor can be used as efficiently as possible for various large projects, which will result in the desired ratio of work performed to the cost of machine maintenance.
Features:
Effective operation of the tractor on frozen ground is due to the ability to remove exhaust gases directly under the dump. This removal of the hot gas mixture avoids freezing of the soil conglomerate, due to which the degree of mobility of the bucket is significantly reduced, as well as the mass of the material being moved decreases.
An efficiently implemented cooling system allows the engine to be started at low enough temperatures at which other similar equipment may be out of work. In extreme heat, the engine is also cooled very efficiently, which completely eliminates the possibility of overheating during intensive machine operation.
Design
Let's consider in detail the elements of the T-330 bulldozer. The 38 tractors were originally powered by an air-cooled eight-cylinder engine. The cylinder layout is V-shaped. It allows you to make the most of all the available possibilities of the diesel installation.
Modern models are already equipped which are produced at the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. The main advantage of such motors is higher power, which in turn increases productivity.
The main components and parameters of the bulldozer include:
- The cabin, which is two-seater and has a system of forced ventilation and heating. A modern air conditioner is also available. The glazing of the cabin is double-layered, which increases thermal protection in any weather and prevents freezing. In addition, the cab is equipped with ergonomic seats, thoughtful controls and additional shock absorption.
- Hydrodynamic transmission. It includes a three-speed reversible gearbox, which transmits torque separately to each of the sides. The braking system also functions separately, thanks to which, in conjunction with the reverse, the bulldozer's excellent maneuverability in a confined space is guaranteed (it is quite capable of turning on the spot).
- Hydraulic transformer. Its impellers have a diameter of 480 mm and an efficiency of 0.906. corresponds to the standard.
- The undercarriage of the bulldozer consists of two crawler units and is itself semi-rigid. In order to increase the smoothness of the ride and minimize the dynamic loads, the torsion-type roller suspension is used. The grease in these units is not renewed for the entire period of operation.
- (the manual for its use is described in detail in its data sheet) is controlled completely remotely, since all its main nodes are not directly connected to the control elements. Quite an impressive part of the operations is fully automated and is carried out using auxiliary hydraulic drives.
Technical data
The T-330 tractor, the technical characteristics of which will be given below, is capable of operating for a long period of time due to its capabilities, provided by the following parameters and units.
Engine:
- It has 12 cylinders, each of which is 22.3 mm in diameter.
- Power ranges from 368 to 500 horsepower.
- The shaft rotates at an angular speed of 2100 rpm.
- The maximum torque reaches 1815 Nm.
- The minimum fuel consumption reaches 208 g / h per power unit.
- Weight 1.79 tons
Caterpillars:
- The number of shoes - 42 pcs.
- Shoe width - 650 mm.
- Link pitch - 250 mm.
- Contact area with the underlying surface - 7.86 m2
- Gear pumps with a capacity of 430 l / min at 1700 rpm.
- Ripper, blade and blade tilt relief valve pressures up to 160 bar.
- The hydraulic cylinder for lifting / lowering the blade has a diameter of 160 mm, the tilt of the blade is 220 mm, and the lifting of the ripper is 220 mm.
Running parameters
- Bulldozer length - 9330 mm, width - 4230 mm, height - 4762 mm.
- The working volume of the fuel tank is 670 liters.
- Forward speed - up to 17 km / h, back - up to 14 km / h.
- The total weight is 54800 kg.
- The ground clearance is 0.57 m.
Bulldozer cost
There is a modern T-330 tractor, the operating manual of which must be studied before starting work, within 5 million rubles. Earlier models and, of course, more worn ones will cost less, but their maintenance costs can significantly increase the price and almost bring them to the level of an already modern machine. As for the reviews about this tractor, most of them are extremely positive.
The inflatable motor floating vehicle Cayman-330 is produced by the St. Petersburg company "MNEV and Co". This and similar models are designed for comfortable outdoor recreation, including fishing. The product is easy to store and transport, it can be moved on the water using a motor or oars.
Due to the minimum weight of the inflatable boat, fuel consumption is reduced, which allows the Cayman-330 to be equated to an economical mode of transport. Let's take a closer look at its advantages and disadvantages.
About the brand
All Cayman boat models are made of fiberglass. And thanks to the low draft, the boat can pass and stop in shallow water. In addition to the high side, there is an additional one. It will prevent water from entering the vessel.
The sides contain buoyancy tanks that will help prevent flooding. Moreover, you should not already pump up the cylinders every time before launching. In case the boat is flooded, it is able to stay on the surface, protecting passengers.
The goal of the manufacturers was to make a boat that is suitable for fishing, walking and underwater sports. To do this, they made the boat stable so that you can climb into it through the side, and not exclusively from land, which is found in most models of motor boats.
Driving the boat is not so difficult, even a small child can steer it, since the driver is close to the engine. In case he cannot control it, he can switch to control with the tiller.
The vessel can be equipped with a motor of any size. The maximum speed of a motor boat is 35 km / h, and if there are 4 people in it, the speed is 20 km / h.
Technical features
The characteristics of the Cayman-330 meet the basic requirements for inflatable motor boats:
- length - 330 cm
- width - 152 cm
- cockpit length - 236 cm
- cockpit width - 67 cm
- balloon diameter - 42 cm
- maximum number of passengers - 4
- product weight - 52 kg
- permissible engine power - 18 HP (10 recommended)
The bottom of the boat is a solid flooring, there are 3 main compartments and 1 additional one. Polyvinyl chloride with a density of 850 g / m2 is used as the main material. The cylinder has a welded seam.
Completeness
The main product is supplied with floorboards and stringer, as well as:
- 2 paddles;
- 1 pump;
- 1 boat and 1 paillette bag;
- 2 banks;
- technical certificate;
- repair kit.
The keel of an inflatable boat.
As for the design, the creators tried to give their brainchild as streamlined contours as possible, designed to quickly cut through the waves.
Features of inflatable motor boat
The most important thing is the presence of the transom. The transom is the flat part of the stern where the motor is mounted. There is a mounted type (in this case, it is attached to the stern with screws or ties) or stationary (then the engine is mounted in a plywood structure, fastened with side slots).
The motor can be installed on the Cayman-330 using a payol. This gives the product the confidence to glide through the water. The cylinders protrude significantly beyond the transom, thereby protecting the motor and increasing lift.
It is worth noting a few more features of the model:
- A fender is fixed along the entire perimeter, including along the end switches of the cylinders.
- There are handrails on each side.
- The seats are installed on cylinders using the likpaz-lyktros technology, so that their position can be changed.
- There are handles at the stern and bow for comfortable carrying.
- Payol plywood (panel board), non-slip. Fixed with aluminum stringers and H-shaped profiles.
The average market value of goods in 2018 is 32,000 rubles. The model is available in gray and green colors.
I-330 is one of the main characters in the dystopian novel "We", female number, beloved D-503 from the conspiratorial organization. This is a "demonic" character who seduces the main character. Everything in her appearance indicates a predatory nature: stubbornly flexible as a whip, thin, sharp, with sharp, very white teeth, blood-red lips. She is the embodiment of passionate and painful love, "archaic" from the point of view of the new state. She even plays the long-lost instrument - the grand piano, and she invites D-503 on a date to the Ancient House, where the statue of Pushkin has been preserved. I-330 does not obey the laws of a totalitarian-utopian society. She smokes and drinks liquor, offers to stay with her D-503, without being recorded on it. All this is contrary to the rules of the One State.
Initially, the D-503 wanted to denounce her, but the denunciation for various reasons did not take place, moreover, he fell in love with the I-330. In his notes, he noted that he had an incurable disease - the presence of a soul. He began to seek meetings with her, was tormented if she did not appear for a long time, tried to understand her. But still, something in their relationship remained unsaid. On the Day of Unanimity, he realized that I-330 was in the opponents' team. She belonged to a group of conspirators who tried to overthrow the power in the One State, and D-503 himself was a law-abiding citizen before meeting her. He even began to wonder if it was because she was with him that he was the builder and tester of the Integral.
However, I-330 is from a different world, irrational. She helps D-503's ex-partner to cross the wall, saving her and the child from the Great Operation. She does not betray any of the other conspirators when she is tortured in the Gas Chamber. And when she saw D-503 there, she just smiles silently. She knows that she will be executed the next day and that perhaps it was D-503 who betrayed her and her companions from Mephi, but she says nothing.
Manufacturers of boats for fishing and hunting every year make improved reliable models for a comfortable and unforgettable vacation.
Our official boat store Rumpel Land is pleased to offer you the best quality hunting and fishing boats at affordable prices. They are very easy to use and transport, have high puncture resistance, strength and stability, and, most importantly, are inexpensive.
In our store you can choose from both rowing boats and motor boats, i.e. motor-rowing.
Our online store has the widest catalog of inexpensive but high-quality PVC boats from the following manufacturers:
| Aqua | Apaches | Gladiator | Corsair | Marlin | Mnev and K | Neptune | Our boats |
| Polar Bird | Poseidon | Profmarin | Regatta | Riviera | Reef | Sia-Pro | Solar |
| Arrow НН | Taimen | Phoenix | Flink | Fort | Frigate | Hunter | Stormline |
Inflatable boats Profmarine
Profmarine boats are distinguished by their practical design and great functionality. The developers decided to raise the nose high, but keep the standard balloon width along the entire length of the hull. Thus, the usable cockpit area increased, which increased the comfort from boating and fishing.
Advantages: low weight, due to the low density of PVC (from 750 g / m2 to 1200 g / m2); bottom, transom and cans are made of durable waterproof plywood; quickly goes to planing with the help of a modified stern; high controllability and smooth wave passage thanks to the rigid keel.
At the same time, the boat is large, so there will be space for additional things in the cockpit.
Inflatable boats Mnev and Cayman
If you want to buy a boat for fishing, then Mnev and Cayman are a good solution. This is a domestic manufacturer, so the cost of models is lower than that of imported counterparts. At the same time, the quality remains high, which enabled the company to gain high popularity.
Advantages: high reliability; good maneuverability in small waves; high water resistance; excellent seaworthiness, even in extreme situations.
Inflatable Poseidon Boats
Poseidon is boats for a wide variety of purposes. Some models are designed for a serene indoor water environment with calm waters, others for extreme use at sea.
Advantages: a number of models, each of which has its own purpose; high quality materials; the ability to carry a heavy load; the most practical and functional design.
Inflatable boats Gladiator
Gladiator is a series of Chinese boats designed for travel and water recreation. The models are lightweight, have sufficient strength and stability for use on rivers and reservoirs.
Benefits:
1. The Light series is the basic model for a relaxing holiday on closed reservoirs or calm rivers;
2. Asset - universal inflatable boats for fishermen or hunters with a reinforced bottom, equipped with a splash guard and protection of the stern from splashes when the engine is running;
3. Professional designed for use in extreme conditions (fast rivers or the sea).
Riviera inflatable boats
Riviera PVC boats are versatile models that have amazing driving performance with increased load capacity, thanks to increased cylinders and a slightly modified overall design. They are characterized by good handling and stability at high speeds.
Undoubted advantages: an inflatable keel, which improves maneuverability when planning; the breaker increases comfort and safety at sea in high waves; camouflage for stealthy movement, and black and white to reduce heat in the body under the sun.
Inflatable boats Hunter
The domestic manufacturer "Hunter" offers different types of inflatable boats. Each series has its own purpose and features. Some are highly resistant to high seas, while others are better suited for leisurely rides in quiet waters. But, in any case, each series is very reliable, durable and made of quality materials.
Advantages: relatively low weight of the deflated boat; durable PVC fabric, puncture and tear resistant; functional design.
Inflatable boats Frigate
The frigate has been developing boats for over 15 years, constantly improving its products. The models are suitable not only for a relaxing holiday, but also for hunting, and even for sports competitions. Therefore, it is not surprising that they regularly win prizes in competitions.
Advantages: high structural reliability; durable PVC fabric; high maneuverability and stability on the water.
It is not surprising that the Frigate received high marks during testing and certification of the Ministry of Emergencies. Rescuers appreciated the capabilities of such boats.
Inflatable boats Marlin (Marlin)
Marlin develops reliable boats with original looks and functionality. Each vessel is distinguished by its really light weight, affordability (the price is not high), and good driving performance.
Advantages: durable and lightweight aluminum bottom; well-defined keel, facilitating maneuvering at high speeds; movable wooden seats; separate bags for transporting the boat disassembled; reliable Italian air valves, sand and dirt resistant.
Moreover, each series has some additional features that make it more suitable for fishing, hunting or traveling in a large company.
Inflatable boats Corsair
Corsair - quality boats made of reliable and modern materials. With their help, you can make an unforgettable walk along the river or go out to sea for fishing.
Advantages: good seaworthiness; the presence of several cameras in cylinders to improve safety; stability on the water even with waves; the strength of the fabric to puncture in case of accidental collisions with debris or sharp stones.
Inflatable boats Neptune
Neptune offers modern boats that are easy to transport and store as they take up little space when deflated. In this case, the ships are quickly assembled even alone.
Benefits:
1. Modern and reliable type of joint "joint to joint", with the obligatory reinforcement of each side;
2. The cylinders have partitions dividing them into sections, which increases safety on the water in case of an accidental puncture or rupture (the boat will remain afloat, even after being damaged);
3. A computer with a laser machine is used for cutting, which improves the accuracy and quality of parts;
4. PVC fabric from global manufacturers.
In addition, the boats are able to serve even at very extreme temperatures - from "plus" 70 to "minus" 30 degrees Celsius.
Inflatable boats Solar
Boats from Solar have a number of features that distinguish them favorably from competitors. First and foremost, they are intended for use on the territory of Russia, so that they are most suitable for our conditions, including temperature extremes and severe winters. The manufacturer has developed several different series, each with its own characteristics of operation and use.
General advantages: low cost; high strength; good stability even in strong waves; excellent handling.
Solar is the best choice for the fisherman or hunter who prefers company.
Inflatable boats Sia-Pro (Sea-Pro)
Sea-Pro uses a special five-layer PVC, which makes boats more durable than their counterparts. The use of a slatted bottom gives a high strength to the bottom (it is easier to stand on it), plus it better withstands mechanical damage in case of accidental collisions with underwater obstacles.
Advantages: resistance to some aggressive chemical components; low draft (even shallow water can be easily traversed with a minimum load); no special storage conditions.
Inflatable boats Aqua
Boats from Aqua belong to the budget segment of the market and are really cheap. Outwardly, they are not particularly remarkable, but they are distinguished by reliability, durability, easy storage and quick assembly.
Advantages: several types of bottom (inflatable keel, flat bottom); durable floor covering made of moisture resistant plywood; the belt is equipped with a wave breaker running along the outer side of the cylinder, which makes it easier to navigate the sea in medium waves.
Inflatable boats Fort (FORT)
If you need high quality and reliable boats, FORT will be a good choice for fishermen or hunters. It is also suitable for lovers of boating. It should be borne in mind that a number of models are designed exclusively for one person, but some can comfortably accommodate two.
Advantages: high resistance to aggressive atmospheric factors; ease of use, storage and maintenance; insignificant draft, facilitating the passage of shallow water; the presence of a rigid can between the sides; high stability thanks to the 36 cm diameter balloon.
Inflatable boats Taimen
Taimen boats are the best for sailing or paddling in winding rivers with fast currents. The sides are protected from abrasion, the bottom is strong and withstands mechanical damage well in case of accidental contact with underwater obstacles.
Advantages: has an additional buoyancy margin, which increases safety on the water; fits freely in the trunk of a passenger car when deflated; quick assembly and disassembly (about 15 minutes, when working alone).
Inflatable boats Phoenix
Phoenix boats are new to the market. All boats are distinguished by their low price, high practicality and functionality. They are a good choice for fishermen or hunters who like to spend their free time in small companies. At the same time, thanks to the design features, a really light stroke on the oars is provided.
Advantages: Rigid plywood cans can be easily moved to provide more comfort; the cockpit is wider than that of similar models from other brands; the diameter of the cylinder is 36 cm, which increases the buoyancy and carrying capacity; when using it, there is no need to register with the State Inspection Service.
Inflatable boats Bullfinch (Polar Bird)
Practical boats Polar Bird or Bullfinch are high-quality and reliable models that can last a really long time. They are easy to use, can be used for transporting goods, hunting, fishing and just water walks.
Undoubted advantages:
1. Solid and reliable construction, capable of withstanding even strong sea waves, without loss of driving performance or stability;
2. The strength of the materials makes it easier to endure trips on fast rivers with strong currents and pitfalls;
3. Easily and quickly assembled without the need for a second person.
Inflatable boats produced by NPO Our Boats
NPO Our Boats offers quality products. The material undergoes additional processing, so that the models are resistant to ultraviolet radiation and are not very hot in direct sunlight, even in the hot summer sun. Therefore, they are loved by many fishermen who prefer leisurely fishing in quiet backwaters.
Benefits:
1. Five-layer material with reinforcement from the German company "Mehler Haku" and the Finnish "Skantarp";
2. Manual connection of seams, guaranteeing their reliability and quality;
3. Unique design of the cylinder (variable diameter, narrower at the bow and widening towards the stern), which allows you to get to planing faster.
Inflatable boats Flinc (Flink)
Flinc boats are appreciated by fishermen or hunters who need to get to the water for a long time by transport. They are really compact when folded, lightweight and easy to assemble.
Advantages: durable fabric from the famous German company HEYTEX; high quality components; easy rowing; excellent maneuverability and stability; carry backpack and practical foot pump.
Arrow NN (RIB folding)
Foldable RIB Arrow is a reliable boat that has a low cost, but meets strict European standards. The models are suitable for boating, fishing or hunting.
Pros: resistance to wear; durability provided by original design solutions; compact size and optimal weight of the boat; excellent level of maneuverability, practically independent of weather conditions.
Which boat to choose for fishing and hunting
First, find out for what purposes you need it, how much water you will be surfing on your new vessel, how many people you will transport, how the transportation will be carried out to the place of fishing or hunting and back.
For small bodies of water, a rowing boat is suitable. If you need to buy a unit for large lakes, rivers, or if you like to ride with the breeze, buy a motor-rowing boat.
The main parameters to adhere to when choosing an inflatable PVC boat:
Size and weight - you can buy an inflatable boat made of polyvinyl chloride of different weight categories and dimensions:
- weight - 7-125 kg. Please note that all technical specifications indicate the weight without taking into account the floor, oars, etc. Weight depends on the dimensions of the vessel and the materials from which it is made. It is a well-known fact that PVC boats (light and practical, color does not fade, have high resistance to ultraviolet light) are much lighter than rubber samples. When choosing heavy boats, do not forget to measure your strength when carrying the vessel;
Width (100-240 cm) and length (190-555 cm) - the longer the boat, the better the downforce and the faster the speedboat. Usually single boats have a length of up to 3 m. Even if the manufacturer indicates that such boats can accommodate up to 4 people, taking into account the equipment it will be comfortable for one fisherman. If manufacturers indicate that with a length of 3-4 meters it will fit 6 people, then in practice comfort is provided for 3 passengers. Inflatable boats over 4 meters are heavy and require the installation of outboard motors from 30 HP.
Bottom type - in our store there is a large catalog of boats with "soft (inflatable)" and "hard" bottom.
The inflatable bottom - the main advantages: quick assembly (you can inflate it in 10 minutes), you can stand on it, easy to transport, and increases the speed of getting to the glider. Cons - a little soft, still prone to punctures with sharp objects.
- "hard" bottom - the main advantages: less "traumatic", strong, it is very convenient to stand on it, a vessel with such a bottom has rigidity in motion. Cons - bottom laying time - at least 30 minutes, greater weight and dimensions.
Passenger capacity - we sell PVC inflatable boats for one person and groups of people up to 10 people.
Maximum power of the outboard motor - in our official online store you can buy an inflatable boat with a maximum permissible engine power from 2.5 to 50 hp:
Length 2.0-2.7 m. - for 2.5-3.5-strong outboard motors
Length 2.7-3m - for 3.5-6hp outboard motors
Length 3 m and longer- for 5-40 hp outboard motors.
PVC boats have many parameters to choose from. Remember that the most important thing when choosing - safety - you must not allow the boat to be lifted onto the "cobra", and, as a result, the captain, passengers and outboard motor overboard.
It is most convenient to travel around Russia by airplane, especially to the remote outbacks, to which it is sometimes more than one day to travel by land transport. Historically, air freight traffic is highly developed in the Soviet Union, especially to remote corners of our homeland. At the same time, it was important to supply military forces with air vehicles, the landing party needed aircraft for various purposes in military-political operations.
In the late 50s, eleven hundred AN-12s, more than a thousand Il-76s and a couple of thousand other cargo air vehicles were produced in the Soviet Union. The versatile properties of these aircraft allow them to be used to date for the country's agriculture and in the air forces of the Russian Federation, the CIS, as well as in those countries where these ships were transported for export. Of course, now these cargo aircraft of Russia of the 50s and 70s. are considered obsolete (An-12, An-26, An-74, Il-76), not suitable for modern parameters, and their operational period is coming to an end, and some are no longer effective and not economical.
There are modern main-line passenger airliners produced both by Russia and purchased in the West in the aircraft fleet. But both of them do not meet the requirements for the transportation of bulky cargo and are also not suitable for use in military needs, for example, when landing equipment.
Design Bureau. Tupolev, which later became an aviation scientific and technical complex, devoted its entire "life" (and this is almost a hundred years, since the design bureau was created in 1922), devoted to the development of cargo air transport for the economic and military needs of the country.
The Tupolevites, choosing a project, always made several options at once, for civil and military use, for example, a bomber or a civilian liner, and each of them was presented in two versions - a cargo and a military transport. The vessels were structurally similar, but had different functions in operation.
- In the thirties, the TB-1 and TB-3 military aircraft acquired cargo "brothers".
- In the fifties, the Tu-4 bomber was modified into two transport options, for the Tu-4TD landing and the military needs of the Tu-75.
- At the same time, civilian Tu-114 and Tu-104 show their counterparts to the world - cargo and military transport aircraft in as many as three versions.
- In the seventies Tu-134 and Tu-154 received their cargo "relatives" for the civil air fleet.
Today, KB continues to pursue the same policy, without changing the established rules. Almost all long-haul aircraft have cargo counterparts.
ANTK them. Tupolev opened the program "Cargo Aircraft of the Russian Federation" to replace obsolete Soviet aircraft with new ones that meet modern requirements, transport ships, which contain all the innovations of scientific and technical aviation. A photo of the aircraft, which is the most advanced project in the program, is presented below.
Thanks to this program, the following advantages were achieved:
- fuel economy, at least 2 times;
- financial savings on freight transportation, approximately, also doubled;
- increase in the technical level of liners;
- increased safety in flight;
- competitive aircraft in the foreign economic market for aviation services;
- compliance with environmental standards;
- various modifications of one aircraft to solve various tasks.
The appearance of the Tu-330
Medium transport aircraft Tu-330 is designed to optimize cargo transport aircraft... The development of the aviation technical complex in this direction effectively solve a similar set of tasks related to the country's air transport. And also simultaneously solve the aviation tasks of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
The most promising project for cargo aircraft in the Russian Federation is the Tu-330 aircraft. It is very economical, designed with a wide fuselage, and was created as a modification of the new generation medium-range civil vessel Tu-204 and Tu-214. At the moment, the establishment of the serial production of the Tu-330 is given to the APO im. Gorbunov in Kazan, now renamed into production PJSC "Tupolev". The Tu-214 is also produced there, and since the Tu-330 is 75% similar to the Tu-204, all this will significantly reduce the time for setting up the serial production of the aircraft and its certification.
STS Tu-330 is intended to replace the outdated An-12 and Il-76TD in all respects. It has a number of advantages, which, for example, are not available for the An-70 and FLA.
- minimum risk in the implementation of the project;
- reducing the time of serial production by 2–3 times;
- easy mastering in the use of air traffic control systems, there will be no problems with the introduction of the vessel in the country's cargo flights;
- the cockpit reduced to the general system, as well as electronic communication and navigation systems to modern requirements, with the option of modifying and improving the existing complex and systems;
- it will be quite easy to commission the Tu-330 aircraft, because there is the same structure of technical and flight crews, as well as metrological control kits that are also available on our other liners.
When developing various variations of the Tu-330, the Tupolevites achieved many solutions to the specific goals that they faced. The plane can act both in the civil sphere and in solving popular problems, and can help the country's Ministry of Defense with its functions.
For example, An-70 and Tu-330 can peacefully exist in military-technical cooperation, where each of the aircraft is assigned a certain role. At the same time, in the fleet of military transport aviation, the ratio of Tu to An would be four to one, since the flight performance of the first is much higher than the An-70, besides, the aircraft is more productive and economical, adaptive in air traffic control, has the best speed and altitude.
Experts believe that the Russian Federation needs no more than a hundred such aircraft for the Civil Air Fleet, about thirty vessels for international flights, four dozen is enough for long-distance foreign flights and about fifteen to twenty-five for short flights. The Ministry of Defense will need two hundred Tu-330s and for other countries about seven eighty vehicles.
For the needs of the country, it is planned to produce different variations of the Tu-330:
- standard cargo version for GVF;
- Search and rescue both in water and on land, patrol of sea zones, reconnaissance of the environmental component, as well as aerial photography;
- A repeater that will increase the range of radio communication in the ultrashort wave range;
- firefighter - extinguishing forest fires;
- an administrative plane with a cabin, and transportation of two cars;
- refueller;
- vessel for instrumental reconnaissance, meteorological tasks, determination of coordinates of targets, creation of information materials.
- sanitary and evacuation;
- aircraft for military transport aviation. It is based on the classic Tu-330, but with a communications complex for the air force, as well as a place and the ability to load / unload military equipment, up to tanks;
- And also a tanker for transportation of liquid cargo, in this case liquefied natural gas with a power plant.
Design
Tu-330 is a high-wing aircraft with a swept tail and a wing with high aerodynamic qualities, the same as that of the Tu-204. The fuselage, of course, is wider and larger, made for specific purposes, the cargo compartment is sealed and its volume is 330 m 3. The high-wing aircraft has a complex of equipment for loading / unloading ground equipment and airborne troops. There is a boarding ladder in the hatch. Under the wing of a pair of engines - a PS-90A bypass turbojet engine.
The aircraft layout is easily modernized in various modifications and is adapted for transition and replacement to other engines, including foreign ones, but close to Russian characteristics. This will allow the aircraft to be exported.
The auxiliary power plant TA 12-60 is located in the tail of the fuselage. The chassis has 6 autonomous struts with two wheels each. The aircraft can even be used on an unpaved airstrip.
In the cockpit there are flat lights, there is no steering wheel, but there are central handles and fly-by-wire control.
Aircraft specifications:
- The crew consists of three people.
- Max. takeoff weight with PS-90 A engines - 102.5 tons.
- Max. takeoff weight with NK-93 engines - 112 tons.
- The weight of the equipped aircraft with the PS-90 A is 57 tons.
- The weight of the equipped aircraft with the NK-93 is 62 tons.
