Is it possible nowadays to build an airplane on your own? Tver amateur aviators Yevgeny Ignatiev, Yuri Gulakov and Alexander Abramov answered this question in the affirmative by creating a winged one-seater aircraft, later named "Argo-02". The aircraft turned out to be successful: it successfully flew at all-Union competitions, was the first prize-winner of the regional competition of amateur flying vehicles in Yaroslavl. The secret of the increased popularity of "Argo" among amateur aviators is not in the design or technological sophistication of the designers, but rather in their tradition. The designers managed to achieve a successful combination of the methods of designing wooden cars of the 1920s and 1930s, worked out over many decades, and modern aerodynamic calculations of aircraft of this class. This, perhaps, is one of the main advantages of the aircraft: modern plastics and composites, rolled products from high-strength metals and synthetic fabrics are not required at all for its manufacture - only pine beams, a little plywood, linen and enamel are needed.
However, the simplest construction of common materials is just one of the components of the success of the machine. In order for all these pine slats and pieces of plywood to "fly", they must be "fit" into certain aerodynamic shapes. In this case, the authors of "Argo" - we must give them their due - have shown an enviable design flair. For their aircraft, they chose the aerodynamic design of a classic cantilever low-wing aircraft with a pulling propeller.
Nowadays, against the background of a wide variety of "ducks", "tandems" and other wonders of modern aerodynamics, the plane of the "Argo" looks even conservative. But this is precisely the wisdom of the aircraft designer: if you want to build a successfully flying plane, choose the classic scheme - it will never fail.
However, this is not all. In order for an aircraft to fly well, it is necessary to correctly determine the ratio of its mass, engine power and wing area. And here the parameters of "Argo" can be considered optimal for a device with a motor with a power of only 28 hp.
If someone wants to build such an aircraft, the parameters of the "Argo" can be taken as a model: this is their ratio that provides the best flight performance: speed, rate of climb, takeoff, run, etc.
At the same time, the stability and controllability of the aircraft is determined by the ratio of the wing area, empennage and rudders, as well as their mutual position. And in this area, as it turned out (which the designers of "Argo" understood perfectly well!), So far no one has invented anything better than the standard classical scheme. And for the "Argo" the parameters are taken directly from the textbook: the area of \u200b\u200bthe horizontal tail is 20% of the wing area, and the vertical - 10%; the empennage shoulder is equal to 2.5 of the aerodynamic chord of the wing, and so on, without any deviations from the classical design rules, which obviously makes no sense to depart from.
1 - propeller spinner (glued from fiberglass); 2 - propeller (pine re-glue); 3 - V-belt reducer; 4 - engine of RMZ-640 type; 5 - sub-engine frame (pipes made of steel 30HGSA); 6 - tachometer sensor; 7 - check valve; 8 - firewall; 9 - fuel tank filler flap; 10 - compensator; 11 - fuel tank (sheet aluminum); 12 - instruments (navigation and flight control and engine control); 13 - visor (plexiglass); 14-handle for throttle control of the engine carburetor (RUD); 15 - roll and pitch control stick; 16 - pilot's seat (glued from fiberglass with epoxy resin); 17 - chair back; 18 - block of rollers for wiring control cables; 19 - intermediate rocking chair of the elevator; 20 - rudder thrust; 21 - engine hood (glued from fiberglass with epoxy binder); 22 - fuel filter; 23 - motor mount mounting unit; 24 - suspended heading control pedals; 25 - spring chassis attachment unit; 26 - chassis wheel 300 × 125 mm; 27 - chassis spring (steel 65G); 28 - filler syringe; 29 - thrust for elevator control; 30 - fairing (gluing from fiberglass with epoxy resin); 31 - intermediate rocker for elevator control; 32 - block of rollers for rudder control cables; 33 - rudder control cable; 34 - thrust for elevator control; 35 - block of rollers for routing rudder control cables; 36 - rudder drive lever; 37 - tail support (crutch)
1– control knob; 2– handle for controlling the throttle valve of the engine carburetor (THR); 3 - THC; 4 - BP-10; 5 - EUP; 6 - US-250; 7 - VD-10; 8 - TE-45; 9 - shock absorber; 10-fuel tank; 11– fire hydrant; 12 - course control pedals
1 - roll and pitch control stick; 2 - handle for controlling the throttle valve of the engine carburetor (RUD); 3– rudder; 4– elevator; 5 - aileron; 6 - course control pedals
Although aerodynamic data allow the aircraft to perform aerobatics, aerial acrobatics is not only good aerodynamics, but also high structural strength. According to the calculations of the authors and the technical commission, the operational overload of the "Argo" was equal to 3, which is quite enough for flights in a circle and short routes. Aerobatics is categorically contraindicated for this device.
Amateur aircraft designers shouldn't have forgotten about this ... On August 18, 1990, when performing a demonstration flight at a holiday dedicated to the Day of the Air Force, Yuri Gulakov led the Argo into another coup. This time, the speed was slightly higher than usual, and the maximum operating overload, obviously, far exceeded the calculated "three". As a result, the wing of the "Argo" fell apart in the air, and the pilot died in front of the assembled spectators.
As a rule, such tragic cases, even with all the obviousness of the reasons that cause them, make us look for errors in the design of the aircraft and in the calculations. As for the "Argo-02", the car withstood exactly as long as it was designed for. That is why the technical and flight-methodical commissions for amateur-built aircraft of the Ministry of Aviation Industry at one time recommended "Argo-02" as a prototype for self-construction.
"Argo-02" is an ultra-light training cantilever low-plan classic wooden structure with a cantilever tail assembly. The aircraft has a spring-type landing gear with a tail support.
The power plant is a two-stroke 2-cylinder air-cooled engine RMZ-640, which drives a two-blade wooden monoblock propeller through a V-belt reducer. The aircraft control system is of the normal type. The cockpit is equipped with flight control instruments and engine control instruments.
The fuselage is made of wood, with a diagonal truss structure, with spars made of wooden slats with a section of 18 × 18 mm. Behind the cockpit, on top of the fuselage, is a light gargrot, which is based on foam diaphragms and stringers. There is also a gargrot in the front of the fuselage, in front of the cockpit it is made of wooden diaphragms and a skin of sheet duralumin 0.5 mm thick. The cockpit and the aft fuselage in the area of \u200b\u200bthe stabilizer attachment are sheathed with 2.5 mm plywood. All other surfaces of the fuselage are covered with linen.
The center section spars pass through the cockpit, to which are attached the pilot's seat molded of fiberglass and covered with artificial leather and the aircraft manual control post.
The sides of the cabin are covered with foam from the inside, and on top of it - with artificial leather. On the left side there is a throttle control - a handle for controlling the throttle valve of the engine carburetor.
The dashboard is knocked out of sheet duralumin and covered with hammer enamel. In the cockpit, it is attached to frame No. 3 with shock absorbers. On the board itself, devices are mounted: TGTs, US-250, VR-10, VD-10, EUP, TE and the ignition switch, under the board there is a fuel tap, on the front spar there is a filler. In the front part of the fuselage, under the gargrot, a fuel tank with a capacity of 15 liters is fixed.
In the lower part of the fuselage, in front of the front spar, chassis attachment points are installed. On the front frame, which is also a firewall, a lever-type pedal hinge unit and a roller fixation unit and foot control are mounted. On the other side of the firewall is a check valve, fuel filter and drain cock.
The engine mounts are installed at the joints of the side members with the front frame. The motor mount itself is welded from chrome-steel (steel 30GSA) pipes with a diameter of 22 × 1 mm. The engine is attached to the engine mount via rubber shock absorbers. The power plant is covered with upper and lower fiberglass hoods. The screw blank is glued from five pine sheets with epoxy resin and, after finishing, covered with fiberglass using an epoxy binder.
The basis of each wing is longitudinal and transverse sets. The first consists of two spars - the main and the auxiliary (wall), the frontal stringer and the flow rib. The main spar is two-shelf, the upper and lower shelves are made of pine slats of variable cross-section. So, the section of the upper flange: at the root of the wing - 30 × 40 mm, and at the end - 10 × 40 mm; bottom - 20 × 40 mm and 10 × 40 mm, respectively. Diaphragms are installed between the shelves in the region of the ribs. The spar is sheathed on both sides with 1 mm plywood; in the root part - with plywood 3 mm thick. Wooden bosses are fixed in the wing root and in the aileron rocker attachment area.
The joints of the wing consoles with the center section are mounted in the wing root on the front (main) spar. They are made of steel grade 30HGSA. There is a mooring knot at the end of the spar.
The frontal stringer of the wing frame is made of a wooden strip with a section of 10 × 16 mm, the tail stringer is made of a strip with a section of 10 × 30 mm.
From the nose to the front spar, the wing is sheathed with 1 mm plywood. A ladder is formed at the root of 4 mm plywood.
The transverse wing set includes normal and reinforced ribs. The latter (ribs No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3) have a beam structure and consist of shelves with a cross section of 5 × 10 mm, racks and a plywood wall 1 mm thick with relief holes. Normal ribs are truss. They are assembled from shelves and braces with a section of 5 × 8 mm using kerchiefs and knits. Wing tips - foam. After processing, they are pasted over with fiberglass on an epoxy binder.
Aileron - slotted type with a frame made of a spar with a section of 10 × 80 mm, ribs made of plates 5 mm thick, an attack rib and a streamline rib. The sock is sewn up with 1 mm plywood; Together with the spar, the lining forms a rigid closed profile resembling a semicircular pipe. The aileron hinge assemblies are mounted on the spar, and the reciprocal hinge brackets are mounted on the rear wing spar. All surfaces of the aileron and the wing itself are covered with canvas.
The horizontal tail of the Argo-02 aircraft consists of a stabilizer and elevators. The stabilizer is two-spar, with diagonally located ribs, which provides it with high torsional rigidity. The toe up to the front spar is sheathed with 1 mm plywood. The stabilizer can be used both in a cantilever and in a strut-braced version. The second option involves the installation of strut attachment points on the rear spar. The stabilizer attachment points to the fuselage are mounted on the front and rear spars. The elevator hinge assemblies are located on the rear stabilizer spar; their design is similar to that of the A-1 glider units. The ends of the stabilizer are made of foam plastic, covered with fiberglass, the central part is sheathed with plywood.
The elevator is of two parts, which to some extent duplicate each other. Each of the parts consists of a spar, diagonally placed ribs with socks and a flow rib. The nose of the rudder is sheathed with 1 mm plywood. The elevator control hog is fixed at the root.
The vertical tail of the aircraft is the keel and rudder. The keel is structurally made integral with the fuselage in a two-spar scheme. Its frontal part (up to the front spar) is sheathed with plywood. The rear spar is a development of the rear fuselage frame.
The rudder is similar in design to an elevator or aileron. It also consists of a spar, straight and diagonal ribs and a wrapping rib. The front part of the steering wheel is sewn with plywood to the side member. The hinge units are fork bolts. The control lever is fixed at the bottom of the side member. The strut attachment assembly is also mounted there. The entire plumage is covered with linen.
The main landing gear of the aircraft is a two-wheeled, spring type. The spring is bent from steel 65G; wheels with dimensions of 300 × 125 mm are attached to its ends. The spring is attached to the fuselage by a steel plate and a pair of bolts on each side, with which the spring is clamped and thereby fixed relative to the fuselage.
The tail support is a 65G steel strip attached by two bolts to the fuselage, to which a support cup is screwed from below.
1 - carburetor; 2 - check valve; 3 - fuel filter; 4 - consumable capacity; 5 - tank plug with drainage; 6 - fuel tank; 7 - fire hydrant; 8 - supply connection; 9 - drain fitting; 10 - drain valve; 11 - filler syringe
1– static pressure distributor; 2– dyurite hose; 3 - aluminum pipeline; 4 - air pressure receiver (APS)
The elevator is firmly controlled with a handle (from the Yak-50 aircraft), duralumin rods and intermediate rockers. The aileron controls are also tight. Steering wheel drive - cable, using suspended lever pedals, steel cables with a diameter
3mm and textolite rollers with a diameter of 70 mm. To exclude the ingress of foreign objects into the control units, the floor and the track of the rods and cables are covered with a decorative screen.
The power plant of the aircraft is based on an engine of the RMZ-640 type, mounted on an engine mount in an inverted position - with cylinders down. On top of the engine is the upper pulley of the V-belt gearbox with a belt tensioning mechanism. Fiberglass hoods are screwed to self-locking anchor nuts on the fuselage and connecting ring.
The propeller is glued with epoxy resin from pine plates, and then processed according to templates, covered with fiberglass and painted. Several such propellers with different diameters and pitches were used on "Argo-02". One of the most acceptable in its aerodynamic qualities has the following characteristics: diameter - 1450 mm, pitch - 850 mm, chord - 100 mm, static thrust - 85 kgf. The screw head is glued from fiberglass on an epoxy resin and set on a duralumin ring. Fastening the spinner to the propeller with screws.
The aircraft fuel system includes a 14 liter fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, check valve, fire cock, drain cock, tee and piping system.
The fuel tank is welded from 1.8 mm thick aluminum sheet. In the lower part there is a supply container into which the supply and drain fittings are welded, in the upper part there is a filler neck with drainage, inside there are communicating partitions to prevent foaming of the fuel. The tank is secured to two beams using fastening straps with felt pads.
The system of air pressure receivers (APS) consists of an APS tube (from the Yak-18 aircraft) installed on the left wing plane, dynamic and static pressure tubes, connecting rubber hoses, a distributor and devices.
Aircraft performance data
Length, m …………………………………………… 4.55
Height, m \u200b\u200b…………………………………………… 1.8
Wingspan, m ………………………………… ..6,3
Wing area, m2 ……………………………… 6,3
Tapering of the wing ……………………………………… 0
Terminal chord of the wing, m …………………… ..1,0
MAR, m ……………………………………………… .1,0
Wing mounting angle, degrees ………………… ..4
Angle V, degrees ………………………………………… ..4
Sweep angle, degrees …………………… .0
Wing profile ……………………… .Р-Ш 15.5%
Aileron area, m2 ……………………… ..0,375
Aileron span, m ……………………………… ..1,5
Aileron deflection angles, degrees:
up ………………………………………………… ..25
down …………………………………………………… .16
RV span, m …………………………………… ..1.86
GO area, m2 ………………………………… ..1,2
Installation angle of HE, degrees ……………………… ..0
RV area, m2 ……………………………… .0.642
VO area, m2 ………………………………… 0.66
VO height, m \u200b\u200b……………………………………… 1.0
Area PH, m2 ………………………………… 0.38
Angle of deflection PH, degrees ………………… - 25
RV deflection angle, degrees ………………… .- 25
Fuselage width along the cockpit, m ... ... ... ... 0.55
Fuselage height in the cockpit, m ………… .0.85
Chassis base, m ……………………………………… 2.9
Chassis track, m …………………………………… 1.3
Engine:
type …………………………………………… RMZ-640
power, hp …………………………………… ..28
max. rotation frequency, rpm ... ... ... 5500
Reducer:
type ……………………………… .. V-belt,
four-strand
gear ratio …………………………… .0,5
belts, type …………………………………… .А-710
Fuel ……………………………… .. gasoline А-76
Oil ………………………………………… ..MS-20
Screw diameter, m ………………………………… 1.5
Screw pitch, m …………………………………… ..0.95
Static thrust, kgf …………………………… 95
Weight of the empty apparatus, kg ………………… 145
Maximum takeoff weight, kg ... ... ... 7235
Fuel capacity, l …………………………………… 15
Range
flight balance,% MAR ... ... ... ... 24. ..27
Stall speed, km / h …………………… 72
Max. speed
horizontal flight, km / h ……………. 160
Maximum
piloting speed, km / h …………… .190
Cruising speed, km / h ………………… 120
Tear off speed, km / h ………………………… .80
Landing speed, km / h …………………… 70
Climb rate at sea level, m / s ……………… 2
Take-off run, m ………………………………………… .100
Mileage, m …………………………………………… ..80
Range
operational overloads ……. +3 ..- 1.5
A. ABRAMOV, Tver
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Svetlana
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Mikhail and Olga
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Svetlana
For my husband and I, it was important to hold the wedding outdoors, since the number of invited guests was about 35 people. H ...
The young man and I approached the organization of the wedding with all responsibility. We wanted an unusual celebration to pleasantly surprise our guests ...
A wedding on a ship is exactly what I have dreamed of all my life. And recently this dream has come true. Everything was like a fairy tale. Ribbons, balls, various bows on chairs and linen napkins on tables. It seemed as if a secular reception was taking place here. Everything was combined with each other perfectly. The decorators and designers have done a great job. Most memorable was the cake from the chef. I didn't expect this. The whole trip I was in seventh heaven with happiness. Thanks to everyone who helped me organize an event of this magnitude!
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We decided to arrange for the 10-year-old daughter and her friends a celebration of the first anniversary on the ship. Thanks to the organizers. You need to have talent to cope with a crowd of children, and also to interest them in contests and games. I liked the menu very much, there is plenty to choose from for both children and adults. Delicious desserts! The chef on the motor ship Argo-2 really knows how to cook so that the food just melts in your mouth !!!
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Mikhail and Olga
As you know, people get married once and for life. This means that the celebration of such an important event should take place on a grand scale. We had quite a lot of guests. But somehow everyone sat stiffly. As soon as the host appeared, we immediately forgot all our fears and experiences. He easily defused the atmosphere with his jokes and toasts. The dishes were brought out one by one and we could only admire the work of the cook. I strongly advise those who want the wedding to remain in the memory of the most positive moment!
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The young man and I approached the organization of the wedding with all responsibility. We wanted an unusual celebration to pleasantly surprise our guests. The problem was that there were a lot of guests, 70 people, so it was rather difficult to accommodate them. Therefore, when they learned about this motor ship Argo-2, we immediately decided to hold the wedding there. The manager completely took over the design of the ship for the celebration. The host thought through the program to the smallest detail, having previously agreed it with us. The chef is truly a magician, the dishes he performs are simply wonderful!
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Description of the ship "Argo-2"
Motor ship "Argo-2" perfect for those who value comfort, quality and coziness and for everyone who wants to spend an unforgettable holiday on board a comfortable liner, enjoying the lapping waves of the Moscow River and stunning views of the capital. Renting the motor ship Argo-2 is suitable for weddings, birthdays and corporate events.
Technical characteristics of the motor ship "Argo-2"
- Project: 81080 "Moscow"
- Place of construction: Moscow shipbuilding and ship repair yard
- Year Built: 1989
- Renovated in 2009
- Width, m: 6
- Length, m: 33
- Board height, m: 2.6
- Displacement, t: 167.88
- Draft, m: 1.31
- Passenger capacity: 70 people
- Post: Moscow
The layout of the ship "Argo-2"
- Hall-restaurant;
- upper deck (tent and open);
- veranda in the bow;
- 4 cabins, one of them is guest;
- galley.
Interiors of the motor ship "Argo-2"
The banquet hall of the ship is made in stylish interior solutions, decorated with wood and other natural materials. Laminate flooring. The staircase leading from the banquet hall to the hold of the motor ship is fenced off with a carved rim. But a special charm to the interior is given by details, of which there are a huge number: figures, models, panels and much more. In general, everything is simple and very nice.
The restaurant is connected by a passage to the bow deck, where there is a soft area with wicker sofas and armchairs. The upper deck has a summer veranda with appropriate deck furniture. The protective awning provides a comfortable rest in all weather conditions. The deck floor is covered with a non-slip coating.
Equipment of the ship "Argo-2"
- audio and video equipment;
- conditioners;
- plasma panel;
- TV / DVD;
- karaoke;
- microphones.
Meals on board the motor ship "Argo-2"
Argo-2 employs its own professional chef, whose skills have already been appreciated by many, including the stars of domestic show business. There are several menu options: banquet, buffet, picnic. The author's cuisine is based on culinary traditions of European, Russian, Caucasian cuisine.
Advantages of the motor ship "Argo-2":
- original layout of the ship;
- modern interior design that fits any event format;
- equipment with modern audio and video equipment;
- powerful air conditioners in the banquet hall.
Is it possible in our time, which is called the period of total shortage, to build an airplane independently? Tver amateur aviators Yevgeny Ignatiev, Yuri Gulakov and Alexander Abramov answered this question in the affirmative by creating a winged one-seater aircraft, later named "Argo-02".
The aircraft turned out to be successful: it successfully flew at the All-Union ALS competitions in 1987 and 1989, and was the first prize-winner of the regional review-competition of amateur aircraft in Yaroslavl. It aroused an increased interest among amateur aircraft designers - both the Argo developers and the editorial staff of the Modelist-Constructor magazine received many letters with requests to tell more about this aircraft on the pages of MK.
The secret of the increased popularity of "Argo" is not in the design or technological sophistication of the designers, but rather in the traditional design and technological methods used to create the aircraft. The developers managed to achieve a successful combination of the methods of designing wooden machines of the 20s and 30s, worked out over many decades, and modern aerodynamic ideas about aircraft of this class. This, perhaps, is one of the main advantages of the aircraft: modern plastics and composites, rolled products from high-strength metals and synthetic fabrics are not required for its manufacture at all - only pine timber, a little plywood, linen and enamel are needed.
The Argo is an airplane with a single-spar wing: its frame consists of a box-shaped spar and a set of pine truss ribs. The wing skin is made of linen, and only the wing tip, which receives the torque, is sheathed with plywood. The fuselage is a pine truss with the same linen sheathing in the rear and plywood in the bow. The plumage is a light openwork tray truss covered with canvas. The chassis is quite modern design - it is a fairly simple steel spring. The engine was originally a four-stroke engine from a heavy Ural motorcycle, then a lighter two-stroke RMZ-640 equipped with a gearbox. Such a motor, even today, can still be "obtained" in the store.
However, the simplest construction of the simplest materials is just one of the components of the success of the machine. In order for all these pine slats and pieces of plywood to fly in, they must be "fit" into well-defined aerodynamic shapes. In this case, the authors of "Argo" - we must pay tribute to them - have shown an enviable design wisdom. For their aircraft, they chose the aerodynamic design of a classic cantilever monoplane with a low wing and a pulling propeller. Nowadays, against the background of a wide variety of "ducks", "tandems" and other wonders of modern aerodynamics - the plane of the "Argo" looks even conservative. But this is precisely the design wisdom: if you want to build an original plane, do the duck, but if you want to build a flying plane, choose the classic scheme: it will never fail.
However, this is not all. For an aircraft to fly well, it is necessary to correctly determine the ratio of its mass, engine power and wing area. It is difficult to say whether the authors were helped by an accurate calculation, design intuition or a good knowledge of the statistical data of such aircraft, but the parameters of "Argo" can be considered optimal for an apparatus with an engine power of 28 liters. from. The parameters of the "Argo" can be taken as a reference if someone wants to build such an aircraft. It is these ratios of parameters that provide the best flight performance: speed, rate of climb, takeoff run, mileage, etc.
At the same time, stability and controllability are determined by the ratio of the wing area, empennage and rudders, as well as their relative position. And in this area, as it turned out (which the designers of "Argo" understood perfectly well!), So far no one has invented anything better than the standard classical scheme, and on the "Argo" the parameters are taken directly from the textbook: the area of \u200b\u200bthe horizontal tail is 20% of the wing area , and vertical - 10%, the empennage shoulder is 2.5 aerodynamic chord of the wing, and so on, without any deviations from the classical design rules, which obviously makes no sense.
The aerodynamic data of the aircraft even made it possible to perform aerobatics on it. But aerobatics is not only good aerodynamics, but also high structural strength. According to the calculations of the authors and the technical commission, "Argo" could withstand an operational overload of no more than 3, which is quite enough for flights in a circle and on short routes without complex evolution in the air. In short, aerobatics was categorically contraindicated for this aircraft.
But, apparently, successful and calm flights "pancake on the horizon" soon bored the authors-pilots of "Argo". The fact that the strength of the aircraft is insufficient for aerobatics has been forgotten. Bends were replaced by deep bends, then by barrels, coups ... On August 18, 1990, during a demonstration flight at a holiday dedicated to the Day of the Air Force, Yuri Gulakov led the Argo into another coup. This time the speed was slightly higher than usual, and the maximum operational overload, obviously, was much higher than the calculated "three". As a result, the wing of the "Argo" collapsed in the air, and the pilot died in front of the assembled spectators.
Here one could “read the moral” about the need to comply with flight rules, about flight discipline and other important things. However, experience shows that such instructions are of no use until the pilot himself understands that there is no place for discipline in aviation. It's a shame that sometimes it comes too late.
As a rule, such tragic incidents, even with all the obviousness of the reasons causing them, force us to look for errors in the design and in the calculations of the aircraft. However, in relation to the design of the Argo-02 aircraft, this is not required: the aircraft withstood exactly what it was designed for.
That is why the technical and flight-methodical commissions for amateur-built aircraft of the USSR Ministry of Aviation Industry recommend the Argo-02 aircraft as a prototype for self-construction in amateur conditions.
V. KONDRATIEV,
vice-chairman
technical and flight methodological commissions
Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSRAIRCRAFT FLIGHT DATA
- Length, m ........ 4.55
- Height, m \u200b\u200b........ 1.8
- Wingspan, m ..... 6,3
- Wing area, m 2 .... 6.3
- Tapering of the wing ...... 0
- Terminal chord of the wing, m ... 1.0 MAR, m ......... 1.0
- Wing mounting angle, deg. ... ... 4
- Angle V, deg. ....... 4
- Sweep angle, deg. ... ... 0
- Wing profile. ... P-III — 15.5%
- Aileron area, m 2. ... ... 0.375
- The scope of the aileron, m. ... ... ... 1.5
- Angles of deflection of the aileron, deg .:
- ..up ........ 25
- .. down ........ 16
- The scope of GO, m. ... ... ,. 1.86
- GO area, m 2 ...... 1.2
- Installation angle of HE, deg. ... 0
- RV area, m 2. ... ... ... ... 0.642
- VO area, m 2 ..... 0.66
- VO height, m. ...... 1.0
- RN area, m 2. ... ... ... ... 0.38
- RN deflection angle, deg. ... ± 25
- RV deflection angle, deg. , ± 25
- The width of the fuselage in the cockpit, m. ... ... 0.55
- Fuselage height in the cockpit, m ...... 0.85
- Wheel chassis base, m. ... 2.9 Track of chassis, m ...... 1.3Power plant - RMZ-640 engine with a silencer, air cooling
- Power, l. from. ...... 28
- Max, speed,
- 1 / min ........ 5500
- Reducer. ... ... V-belt, four-strand, belts A-710
- Gear ratio .... 0.5
- Fuel ..... gasoline A-76
- Oil ........ MS-20
- Screw diameter, m. ... ... ... 1.5
- Screw pitch, m ...... 0.95
- Static thrust, kgf .... 95Empty apparatus weight, kg ... 145
- Maximum takeoff weight, kg. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 235
- Fuel capacity, l ...... 15
- Range of flight balance, MAR ........ 24 ... 27
- Stall speed, km / h. ... 72
- Max, level flight speed, km / h ..... 160
- Max, piloting speed, km / h ......... 190
- Cruising speed, km / h ... 120
- Tear-off speed, km / h ... 80
- Landing speed, km / h. ... 70
- Rate of climb at the ground, m / s .......... 2
- Takeoff run, m ........ 100
- Mileage, m ........ 80
- Range of operational overloads. ...... + З ...- 1,5
- Dimensions during transportation, m ....... 5X2,3X1,8CONSTRUCTION, TECHNOLOGY, CALCULATIONS
"Argo-02" is an ultralight training cantilever monoplane of a classical wooden structure with a lower wing position and a cantilever tail assembly. The aircraft has a spring-type landing gear with a tail support.The power plant of the aircraft is a two-stroke two-cylinder air-cooled engine of the RMZ-640 type, which drives a two-blade wooden monoblock propeller through a V-belt reducer.
The control system of the Argo-02 aircraft is of a normal type. The cockpit is equipped with flight instruments and engine control instruments.
The aircraft fuselage is made of wood, with a diagonal truss structure. The fuselage spars are wooden slats with a section of 18X18 mm.
Behind the cockpit, on top of the fuselage, a light gargrot is installed, the basis of which is made up of foam diaphragms and stringers. There is also a gargrot in the front of the fuselage, in front of the cockpit - it is made of wooden diaphragms and sheathing of sheet duralumin 0.5 mm thick.
The cockpit is sheathed with 2.5 mm plywood. The tail section of the fuselage in the area of \u200b\u200bthe stabilizer attachment is sheathed with the same plywood. All other surfaces of the fuselage are covered with linen.
The center section spars pass through the cockpit, which are used to attach the pilot's seat to them, as well as the aircraft manual control post. The armchair is molded of fiberglass and covered with artificial leather.
The sides of the cabin are covered with foam from the inside, and on top of it - with artificial leather. On the left side of the cockpit there is a throttle control - a handle for controlling the throttle valve of the engine carburetor.
The instrument panel of the aircraft is knocked out of sheet duralumin and covered with the so-called hammer enamel. In the cockpit, it is attached to frame No. 3 with shock absorbers. The following devices are mounted on the dashboard: TGTs, US-250, VR-10, VD-10, EUP, TE and an ignition switch. There is a fuel cock under the board, and a filler syringe on the front spar.
In the front part of the fuselage, under the grotto, a fuel tank with a capacity of 15 liters is fixed.
In the lower part of the fuselage, in front of the front spar, chassis attachment points are installed. On the front frame, which is also a firewall, a lever-type pedal mounting unit and a foot control roller fixing unit are attached. On the other side of the firewall, a check valve, a fuel filter and a drain cock are mounted.
The attachment points of the engine mount are installed at the points of joining the side members with the front frame. The motor mount itself is welded from chrome-steel (steel 30HGSA) pipes dia. 22X1 mm. Rubber shock absorbers are provided at the points of attachment of the engine to the engine mount. The engine is covered by upper and lower bonnets molded from fiberglass. The screw blank is glued from five pine sheets with epoxy glue and, after finishing, is covered with fiberglass using an epoxy binder.
Wing. The base of each wing is a longitudinal and transverse set. The longitudinal one consists of a main spar, an auxiliary (wall), a frontal stringer and a streamline rib. The main spar is two-shelf; it consists of upper and lower flanges made of pine laths of variable cross-section: at the root of the wing, the upper flange is 30X40 mm, in the end section - 10X40 mm; the bottom shelf is 20X40 mm and 10X40 mm, respectively. Diaphragms are installed between the shelves in the region of the ribs. The spar is sheathed on both sides with 1 mm plywood; in the root part - with plywood 3 mm thick. Wooden lugs are installed in the wing root and in the aileron rocker attachment area.
The joints of the wing consoles with the center section are mounted in the wing root on the front (main) spar. Docking units are made of steel grade 30HGSA.
A mooring unit is mounted at the end of the spar.
The frontal stringer of the wing frame is made of a wooden lath with a section of 10X16 mm, the tail stringer is made of a lath with a section of 10X30 mm. From the nose to the front spar, the wing is sheathed with 1 mm plywood. A ladder is formed at the root of the wing made of 4 mm plywood.
The transverse wing set consists of normal and reinforced ribs. Reinforced (ribs No. 1, 2 and 3) have a beam structure and consist of shelves with a section of 5X 10 mm, posts and a plywood wall 1 mm thick with relief holes.
Normal ribs are truss. They are assembled from shelves and braces with a cross section of 5X8 mm, assembled using scarves and knits.
Wing tips - foam. After processing, they are pasted over with fiberglass on an epoxy binder.
Aileron - slot type. Its frame consists of a spar with a section of 10X80 mm, ribs cut from 5 mm thick plates, an attack rib and a streamline rib. The toe of the aileron is sewn up with 1 mm plywood, and together with the spar, the suturing forms a rigid closed profile resembling a semicircular pipe. The aileron hinge assemblies are mounted on the spar. The aileron response brackets are attached to the rear wing spar. All surfaces of both the aileron and the wing itself are covered with canvas.
Plumage. The horizontal tail of the Argo-02 aircraft consists of a stabilizer and elevators. The stabilizer has a two-spar design with diagonally placed ribs - this provides the stabilizer with high torsional rigidity. The toe of the stabilizer up to the front spar is sheathed with 1 mm plywood. The stabilizer can be used both in a cantilever and in a strut-braced version. To implement the second option, struts attachment points are installed on the rear spar. The stabilizer attachment points to the fuselage are mounted on the front and rear spars. The elevator hinge assemblies are located on the rear stabilizer spar; their design is similar to the arrangement of the A-1 airframe units. The stabilizer ends are made of foam, covered with fiberglass.
The center part of the stabilizer is covered with plywood.
The elevator consists of two parts, which to some extent duplicate each other. Each of the parts consists of a spar, diagonally placed ribs, rib socks and a wrapping rib. The nose of the rudder is sheathed with 1 mm plywood. The elevator control hog is attached to the root of the rudder.
The vertical tail consists of a keel and rudder. The keel is structurally made integral with the fuselage in a two-spar scheme. The front part of the keel (up to the front spar) is sheathed with plywood. The rear spar is developed from the rear fuselage frame.
The rudder design differs little from the elevator and ailerons. It also consists of a spar, straight and diagonal ribs and a wrapping rib. The front part of the handlebar is sewn with plywood to the side member. The rudder hinge assemblies are fork bolts. The steering lever is attached to the bottom of the side member. The strut attachment assembly is also mounted on the steering spar. All plumage is covered with linen.
Chassis. The aircraft landing gear consists of a main landing gear and a tail support. The main chassis is a two-wheeled, spring type. The spring is bent from 65G steel; the wheels are attached to the ends of the spring. The size of the wheel is 300X125 mm. Fastening the spring to the fuselage using a steel plate and two bolts on each side - the spring is clamped with their help and thereby fixed relative to the fuselage.
The tail support is a strip bent from 65G steel, to which a support cup is screwed from below. This strip is attached to the fuselage with two bolts.
The elevator controls are firm. It is carried out with the help of a control knob (a handle from the Yak-50 is used), duralumin rods and intermediate rockers.
The aileron controls are also tight. The rudder drive is cable. It is controlled by suspended lever pedals, steel cables with a diameter of 3 mm and textolite rollers with a diameter of 70 mm. To prevent the ingress of foreign objects into the control units, the floor and control route are covered with a decorative screen.
Power point. The basis of the power plant is an engine of the RMZ-640 type. It is installed on the engine mount in an inverted position - down by cylinders. On top of the engine is the upper pulley of the V-belt reducer with a belt tensioning mechanism.
Fiberglass hoods are screwed to self-locking anchor nuts on the fuselage and connecting ring.
The screw head is set on a duralumin ring and secured with screws. The spinner is made by gluing from fiberglass on an epoxy binder.
Fuel system. The fuel system includes a 14L fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, check valve, fire cock, drain cock, tee and piping.
The fuel tank is welded from food grade aluminum sheet 1.8 mm thick. In the lower part of the tank there is a supply container, into which the supply and drain fittings are welded.
In the upper part of the tank there is a filler neck with a drain. Interconnecting baffles are located inside the tank to prevent foaming of the fuel. The tank is secured to two beams using tensioning straps with felt pads.
Air pressure receiver system. The LDPE system consists of a LDPE tube (from the Yak-18 aircraft) installed on the left wing plane, dynamic and static pressure tubes, connecting rubber hoses, a distributor and instruments.
Air propeller. The propeller of the Argo-02 aircraft is glued from pine plates on epoxy resin, and then processed according to templates, pasted over with fiberglass and painted. The aircraft used several screws of this design with different diameters and pitches. One of the most suitable for its aerodynamic qualities has the following characteristics: diameter - 1450 mm, pitch - 850 mm, chord - 100 mm, static thrust - 85 kgf.
Russia10 marks "useful review"
8,0
Very good
- ... Recreation
- ... Couple
The room lacked a bit of tiles to prepare minimal meals (as we had a reservation without meals).
A simple but friendly hotel. My husband and I had a 3-bed room overlooking the courtyard and pool buildings (the plus was that it was not the sunny side, so the room was not heated). The decor is super simple, but we did not expect lukhari in chorus, we had a car, we left in the morning and only returned to spend the night (even the hostess noted our "invisibility" and "problem-free"). The staff speaks Russian. The room has a kettle, tea, coffee, drinking water. The staff are very polite and friendly. Beach within walking distance, min 10.
Russia5 marks "useful review"
8,8
Very good
- ... Recreation
- ... Group
- ... Accommodation for 6 nights
- ... Sent from phone
There were not enough hooks for towels in the bathroom and shelves for clothes. Upon arrival, there was a misunderstanding about the paid air conditioner (for those who book through booking), but the issue was quickly resolved.
Convenient location - near the beach and bus stops, supermarket a minute from the hotel. The room is small, but everything we needed was there. On the balcony of the room there is a rope and clothespins for drying things. Decent breakfast (5 € if not included in the room price).
Stay time: September 2019
Russia9 marks "useful review"
Sumptuously
- ... Recreation
- ... Couple
- ... Accommodation for 19 nights
- ... Sent from phone
Small pillows. Those who are used to sleeping on high ones are not very comfortable.
Location. The hotel is located between two highways on a quiet street. On the one hand, everything is close: shops and restaurants are literally around the corner, a couple of minutes walk to the bus stop in Rhodes. On the other hand, the hotel is quite quiet. The hotel is not the most luxurious, but the room has everything you need: a refrigerator, TV, air conditioning (albeit paid), hairdryer, electric kettle with cups, a small terrace (on the first floor) or a balcony (on the second). There is no safe in the room, but you can rent a safe at the reception. Wi-fi is stable. They did not have breakfast in the restaurant, they preferred to drink coffee in the room or had breakfast in a cafe on the way to the beach. There is a large supermarket behind the hotel. True, it's not very convenient to go there directly (especially in the dark), so we walked around the street (10 minutes on foot). Walk to the sea for 10-15 minutes without hurrying, the sea is clean, there are showers and changing cabins on the beach. Sun beds for 10 euros per day per pair. The money is collected from 10 am to 4 pm, so you can use the sun loungers for free in the morning before 9.30 and in the evening after 4.30 pm. It takes about 30 minutes by bus to get to Rhodes, buses run often (the last one is about 12 at night). To the airport about 20 minutes by taxi, it costs about 30 euros.
Stay time: September 2019
Russia3 marks "useful review"
7,5
"Hotel with excellent location for backpackers"
- ... Recreation
- ... Family with small children
- ... Accommodation for 5 nights
The beds are not bad, but the springs were felt. The pillows are too thin. The socket near the bathroom - flew out of the mount, we repaired it (put it back in), but it flew out again the next day. The refrigerator is small, working, but without a freezer and with such a fastening of shelves on the door that when you open it, what was on the door fell out. Bathroom - one small towel holder and nothing else to hang. A table on the balcony - one leg out of four was broken, the table was held only by the support against the wall. Cleaning is mediocre, hair remains in the corners on the floor, once the bed was made so that the sheet rolled all over at night. Towels were once hung on the cabinet door, and it was dusty. They save toilet paper).
The location is just great, two minutes from the bus stop from / to Rhodes, 5 minutes from the beach, 5 minutes from the center of Faliraki. At the same time, it is quiet and calm on the territory. (Our room was not overlooking the pool). The staff is extremely friendly, helpful and helpful. Fumigator - pre-installed in the socket. Shower - with a good pressure of water, in one room there was a bath, in the other a shower with a curtain (water, of course, floods the floor). In the bathroom - liquid hand soap and shower gel in dispensers. Kettle in the room - while at the reception you can take dishes to the room. Drinking water and tea / coffee. Then you can buy water in the supermarket (nearby). TV - with Russian channels. On the balcony there is a clothesline for drying clothes / swimsuits and clothespins. There are many hangers in the closet. Hair dryer available. Air conditioning was already included in the price, not blowing on the bed. There is a small magnifying mirror on the mirror). Breakfast - they didn't take it, but it looks very good (eggs, slices, pastries, jams / butter, tea / coffee, juices ...)
Stay time: September 2019
Russia9,2
"Not a bad hotel for the price"
- ... Recreation
- ... Couple
- ... Accommodation for 2 nights
- ... Sent from phone
Lack of pool towels
Picked up from another hotel by car for free, polite staff, location, supermarket very close, cozy surrounding area.
Stay time: September 2019
EstoniaSumptuously
- ... Recreation
- ... Family with small children
- ... Accommodation for 5 nights
- ... Sent from phone
Great service. Greek nights on Mondays. There are a lot of Russian guests. The staff speaks Russian. Nearby shop. 10 minutes and the sea. There is a bus station across the road to Rhodes and Lindos.
Stay time: September 2019
Russia2 marks "useful review"
"Good hotel, if I am going to Rhodes I will stay at this hotel."
- ... Recreation
- ... Couple
- ... Accommodation for 13 nights
All liked it.
Quiet, cozy hotel, although located in the city center next to the main street. Swimming pool on the territory. The territory is beautiful, well-groomed, next to a supermarket, cafes, shops. Close to the sea. The sea and the beach are super !!! Pleasantly. that the hotel staff speaks Russian. The staff are friendly and helpful. Enjoyed the Greek evening on Mondays with dancing. You can have dinner at the hotel at a reasonable price of 10 euros (hot dish, salad and dessert)
Stay time: September 2019
Russia3 marks "useful review"
9,2
Excellent
- ... Recreation
- ... Solo traveler
- ... Accommodation for 12 nights
This is my third time in this hotel. For me, this is an excellent value for money. I am very glad that the owner of the hotel Pavlos listens to the opinions of guests and tries to improve the service at the hotel. For me, Argo hotel is a second home, where I feel comfortable and cozy.
Time of stay: July 2019
Russia9,2
Excellent
- ... Recreation
- ... Family with small children
- ... Sent from phone
The bathroom is still comfortable, but there is no shower room with a terrible curtain sticking to the body! the shower itself is super-small ... I would also draw the attention of the owner to change the plumbing! An old, worn out hose is unpleasant and old taps. The cleaning was fine, but it is better to wash the toilet itself inside) The air conditioner was run for two days, then the problem was fixed.
The hotel is close to shops, restaurants and entertainment) Not far from the sea (7-8 min) Despite the fact that it is almost in the center and next to the main street, it is very quiet and comfortable to relax. The pool is good, our rooms overlooked it, on the 1st floor. In general, everything corresponds to the photo and the hotel has everything you need for life.
Time of stay: July 2019
- Russia
5 marks "useful review"
Sumptuously
- ... Recreation
- ... Travelers with friends
- ... Accommodation for 10 nights
- ... Sent from phone
