We rested from August 23 to September 7.
Hello everybody! I spent my 15 Black Sea days with my daughters (1.3 and 3.5 years old) and my mother in the village Kacha, 30 km north of Sevastopol, next to the village. Orlovka.
My husband and I first came to Kutch in 2011, when we were traveling by car and accidentally drove there. We arrived at an apartment complex and decided to stay there. We liked it there then, so on this trip with two children I decided not to experiment and chose what was already known.
Kacha- an urban-type settlement, founded in 1912, in connection with the move to this place of the first aviation school for military pilots in Russia. Kacha is steeped in aviation; residents are proud of their history; its 100th anniversary was celebrated in 2012. What I managed to learn from the history of this place:
The Sevastopol Aviation Officer School was founded in 1910 on the initiative of Grand Duke Alexander Romanov with funds from voluntary donations. The first graduation of 24 pilots took place on October 26, 1911 in the presence of Nicholas II. In the summer of 1911, the Chairman of the State Duma Guchkov visited it, after which the government allocated 1.5 million rubles to the aviation school to purchase land for an airfield. These funds were used to purchase a plot of suitable land measuring 658 acres (7.1 square kilometers) near the Kacha River, 20 kilometers from Sevastopol. In the summer of 1912, the school made its first move to the new airfield and the adjacent village of Alexandro-Mikhailovka. The development of the school's infrastructure gave impetus to the development of the village of Kacha, into which the former farm was renamed. Until 1917, the school trained 609 military pilots, whose knowledge and skills were useful to the Russian army in the First World War. After the victory of the Red Army, it continued training military pilots as the 1st Aviation School of the Red Army.
In 1941, she was evacuated to the city of Krasny Kut, Saratov region. In 1945, the school was renamed College and transferred to Stalingrad (Volgograd).
The Kachin Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots in the village of Kacha was disbanded in November 1998. The successor of the Kachinsky school is the 783rd training aviation Order of Lenin Red Banner flight training center in the city of Armavir, where the Battle Banner of the Kachinsky VVAUL is kept and its Historical Record is maintained.
Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich, Kravchenko Grigory Panteleevich, Stalin Vasily Iosifovich and others became students of the Kachinsky school.
After the Great Patriotic War, from 1947 to 1960, the 4th Fighter Aviation Division was based on Kutch. In May 1960, the 872nd Aviation Regiment was relocated to Kacha from the Khersones airfield. And since the fall of 1960, a separate transport regiment has been based here, on Kutch. These two main aviation units, as well as support units, are based at the Kacha airfield at the present time.
Transfer in Crimea
From home I ordered a Mega Crimea taxi. 1400 rub., travel time 1 hour. 20 minutes. We really liked the driver, a young man, and we took his phone number so that he could take us back to the airport at the end of our vacation. Lives in Sevastopol, works according to a schedule in a car delivering bread, and on free days he transports vacationers. He said that there are a lot of vacationers, sometimes it’s not even possible to immediately find free guest houses if you haven’t booked in advance. If anyone needs a taxi number, write and I’ll send it to you.
Apartments in Crimea
Our "Sail". We rested in this six-story complex of apartments that fortify the shore, located on the embankment of the active garrison. Ground floor - restaurants (two), spa, children's entertainment center, gym, mini-market. The remaining five floors are apartments. We lived on the last, sixth floor with a separate entrance. Our room, which I found on the Internet, was a one-room apartment of 40 square meters. m, fully equipped with everything necessary. All rooms in this complex have balconies overlooking the sea.
Very beautiful embankment. In the evening, everyone is walking leisurely on the embankment, a lot of children are riding on cars, having fun in the children's center, and there is music in restaurants. At the exit from this complex there is a small park, which also has children's entertainment: labyrinths, trampolines, cars, etc. The cost of the apartment is 3000 rubles. August, 2500 September. And it was in our apartment that we came across the concept of Crimean service. Everything in the room was done great, good repair, expensive furniture and equipment. But, for example, towels, linen, small things like dryers, mops, etc. - the girls, the owners, apparently took everything that was not needed from the house. Old and sometimes broken! There was a feeling of unreality - everything around is so cool, and here you are - the iron comes from the 60s, well, maybe not on coals. Or the oilcloth on the kitchen table, all torn and glued together with tape. We saw the owners once upon check-in - a married couple under 60 years old, residents of Sevastopol. Since we were leaving at 6 am, we left the key with security.
I really liked Parus, exactly what you need for a vacation. It was very convenient to run for a swim while the children were sleeping - you took the elevator down and right away was the embankment.
Top floor apartment with parking. Here are the entrances to the entrances and separate entrances for the rooms on this floor.
Based on the difference in the surrounding environment, the “atmosphere”, I divided the whole of Kacha into three places: a village (private sector), a garrison in which two- and five-story houses are located, and the “Our Sail” apartments with its embankment, which is located, as it were, in at the end of Kachi, behind it, behind the fence, is an already active garrison.
Garrison. Previously, there was a checkpoint between the village and the garrison, but after the collapse of the USSR, the fence was moved deeper into the territory - as local residents explained, in order to pay less rent to Ukraine. Thus, part of the garrison in Kutch consists of free territory, and part of it consists of the closed garrison of the aviation troops of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. We really liked the atmosphere of the garrison, it felt like we were back in the Soviet Union - a leisurely life, laundry on the lines, neighbors gathering in the courtyards and playing volleyball, open, kind people. Here, in the former building of the aviation school, there is the House of Officers. Nearby is the Park of Heroes of the Soviet Union with pedestals of 26 hero pilots and a monument to 16 pilots who carried out air rams during the Second World War. Opposite the house with lions is the former headquarters of the flight school, on the second floor of which there was a ballroom and personal apartments for the Emperor’s brother Alexander Mikhailovich, but he never stayed in them (according to a resident of this house). Later this building was given over to apartments. In the garrison, everything is imbued with aviation, military exploits, there is a memorial to the Kachin people who died during the Second World War. There is a lot of space between houses, many small park areas. The garrison has sewage treatment plants that serve the entire Kacha, which is a definite plus for a holiday in this place.
Village Kacha
The situation in the village does not make any special impression - an ordinary village, in my opinion. But we couldn’t walk much with the children, so we didn’t go around everything. Where we walked, there is a good playground originally from the USSR, but everything works and is painted. There is an interesting park with a fountain. It’s quite dirty behind the houses along the shore; there are some abandoned, overgrown, littered areas, because of which they didn’t even dare to approach the shore. There is a lot of housing for rent in the village for vacationers - and in the houses themselves for 300 rubles. per day per person, and there are separate buildings for tourists. The village has all the necessary infrastructure: pharmacies, many shops, a food and clothing market, a bus station, a cafe, a canteen.
Beach in Kutch
Kutch has a very high coast (the height of a 5-story building), and the beach line stretches along the entire coast. On the garrison embankment, the shore is reinforced with apartment structures on one side of the descent and seaside dacha buildings on the other. Sea dachas, or boathouses, are small towns one above the other next to the sea, at the height of the shore. They are very actively rented out to vacationers. There are three rows of such dachas with a sign “VIP housing for rent”, which are built up with blocks in the same style for hotels. The Elings have their own descents to the sea. Where the seaside dachas end, the shore in some places overhangs the beach, and sometimes landslides occur. There were always free places on our embankment, we felt comfortable there. Sun loungers cost 100 rubles. for a day. The beach is unorganized. There are no cabins, showers, or lifeguards, but it is very clean. There is a toilet in the apartment building, but we didn't notice it right away. The first days of our vacation, the beach and bottom were purely sandy, fine sand, and then after the storm a lot of pebbles appeared! Both on the beach and at the bottom. The entry is not immediately deep, children have room to run and swim, but not so shallow. During our vacation, due to storms, the sea “stepped in” and the beach became smaller than it was before. As a result, the already narrow beach became narrow! So narrow that during big waves, when swimming is dangerous, but sitting on the shore is very cool, there is no place to sit down - all the sand is wet. On such a day we went to the beach in Orlovka, 10 minutes from Kachi.
Sea in Kutch
The sea in Kutch in the sun is turquoise. If there is no storm, then the water is clean and transparent, all the pitfalls are visible from the balcony. In the mornings the sea was always calm and clear. By lunchtime there were small waves, and after lunch it became really stormy. It was like this for almost the entire vacation. If the waves are very strong, the water mixes with the sand near the shore. There are no jellyfish.
Food in Kutch
On the territory of the garrison part of Kachi, a few minutes’ walk from us, we found the most magnificent cafe-bar-dining room “Lotus” with a beautiful outdoor area and an awesome children’s playground. When I saw all this, I couldn’t believe my eyes! They have a huge selection of ready-made dishes: about 20 meats, 10 side dishes, salads, belyashi, fried and baked pies, buns, omelettes, casseroles, pilaf from a cauldron. We haven't had time to try everything in all our days. The food is very tasty. You can take it with you, there are containers and bags. We spent from 500 to 800 rubles if we took it with us for dinner. On the way to the market in the village there is a cheburek shop, they have delicious chebureks (60-70 rubles). In the pavilion at the market there are fresh homemade dairy products, meat, eggs, poultry, various homemade cheeses - also delicious! In two stores we found honey baklava in boxes, produced in Sevastopol - it melts in your mouth. You can buy fruits and vegetables both at the market and in the garrison. We bought grapes for 100 rubles, melons at first for 40, then in September for 20-30 rubles, figs for 350 in August and 200 rubles. in September. For breakfast we cooked porridge in the room, had lunch in the dining room, took it with us for dinner, and sometimes had lunch and dinner in restaurants on the embankment. Both restaurants serve pizza. Everything we tried there was great. I would also like to mention the samosas that were worn on the beach. It's divinely delicious. The guy who sells them tells a million rhymes about them: “samosas are made in heaven, I only sell them”, “if the price bothers you, may you be rewarded in full”, “even the biggest boss eats samosas in the morning”, etc. etc. They cost 150 rubles here. Dining area with children's playground.
Our health
On the third and fourth days, my daughters developed snot, the eldest had a fever of up to 38 for one day. The youngest’s runny nose lasted for 5 days, the eldest’s went away quickly. I didn’t bathe them for three days, just at that time it was very stormy, and it even rained a couple of times. I chalked it up to acclimatization.
To summarize, I will say that we had a great time; Kutch has everything you need for a calm, measured holiday with small children. Therefore, there are a lot of families with children here, it seems that everyone is with children))) We did not go anywhere except neighboring Orlovka once. I disconnected from the whole routine and simply lived, enjoying the unusual nature, new surroundings, sea and sun. We were close to the sea all the time, it was with us in our French window of the room, how many different tunes it sang to us! And when there was a storm, it seemed that the waves would wash me off the couch))) We fell asleep and woke up to the sound of the sea, how cool it was!!! And how many different sunsets we saw while sitting on our balcony or walking along the embankment! I also like the nature of Kachi, this high orange-yellow shore! When you are standing at the top, and there is an endless blue sea ahead, and seagulls are flying at eye level or even lower, the wind, scorched grass of all shades of yellow mixed with fresh green... Such a combination of colors, and a feeling of flight and freedom. The Kachin people are wonderful people, open and sincere. Everyone, young and old, smiled at our children, treated them to sweets, and showed them pet parrots (in the house with the lions). St. George's ribbons were seen on many cars and even baby carriages. At one seaside dacha there is a Russian flag! We spent 41,500 on accommodation, 43,000 on tickets, 40,000 on all expenses there. They didn’t deny themselves anything. We tried three types of champagne from the Zolotaya Balka producer, and I especially want to mention the Balaklava champagne.
The village of Kacha is located 23 km from Sevastopol on the coast between Sevastopol and Nikolaevka.
Kacha (Crimean-Tat. - “dam”) is a river, 69 km long, originating at the foot of the Roman-Kosh mountain.
In 1910, the first military pilot school in Russia was opened in Sevastopol.
The airfield was located on the Kulikovo Field not far from the Panorama “Defense of Sevastopol”.
Then the aviation school was transferred to the area of the river. Kacha.
Many famous pilots studied at the Kachin Aviation School.
Currently, the Kachin Village Council administratively includes the following settlements: Vishnevoe, Osipenko, Polyushko, Orlovka, the villages of Solnechny and Andreevka.
Kacha is a small village located on the Black Sea coast.
The coastline is steep. You can go down to the sea along stone stairs or along nature trails.
Water in Kutch from artesian wells is inferior in quality only to mountain water.
The beaches are excellent, unlimited in length and for all tastes: sand,
and pebbles, and for snorkeling, for children and adults.
The width of the Kachin beach is approximately 20-30 meters, and it is many kilometers long both to the left and to the right. In some places, streams of cold drinking water burst out right from their cliffs.
There are no problems with housing in Kutch. Boarding houses, mini-hotels, seaside cottages, the private sector, housing is rented in almost every house.
On the territory of the village of Kacha there is a Cardinal supermarket, branches of Privatbank and Oschadbank with ATMs, three markets, shops, pharmacies, bars, cafes, a travel agency, slot machines, and billiard rooms.
Three kilometers from Kachi is the Star Coast, where a youth festival is held.
Kacha consists of two parts. One part is private houses, and the other is a Russian military garrison.
Kacha is the birthplace of Russian naval aviation. Nowadays it is a Russian military town. Entrance to the territory is free. It is easy to get to Sevastopol, Simferopol, Evpatoria and Saki. Nearby are Bakhchisarai and the cave cities of the Crimean Mountains, the Grand Canyon, the “bath of youth.”
You can easily get from Kachi to Sevastopol and back in twenty minutes by minibuses that run every 15 minutes
In 1910, Russia's first military pilot school was opened in Sevastopol. In 1912, it was transferred to the area of the Kacha River, where an urban-type settlement grew up on the site of the farm. On November 8 (21), in the presence of His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, the foundation stone and consecration of the permanent buildings of the aviation officer school were carried out. In one of the premises the house church of St. Archangel Michael. Three times Hero of the Soviet Union A. Pokryshkin, the famous polar pilot Hero of the Soviet Union G. Baidukov, Hero of the Soviet Union P. Osipenko, who in 1938 made a non-stop flight Sevastopol - Ochakov and Sevastopol - Arkhangelsk, the son of I. Stalin - Vasily, studied at the Kachin Aviation School . At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a fighter aviation regiment was formed from pilot instructors from the aviation school. The aviation school itself was relocated beyond the Volga.
On November 7-9, 1910, by rail under the command of Lieutenant Colonel S.I. Odintsov (captain of the second rank Vogel did not want to go to Crimea), the entire assigned staff of the flight school and aircraft arrived in Sevastopol. It is necessary to clarify that the state school was formed in Petrograd-Gatchina, and the flights began in Sevastopol. The school management did not have aviation training, which affected further work. A dirt site was chosen for the airfield 3 km north of Sevastopol on the territory of the camp of the 13th Infantry Division, on the so-called Kulikovo field, which was small in size, located in a narrow ravine crossed by the Balaklava highway, closed by houses and telegraph wires on high poles on one side , on the other, it rested on a large ridge of coastal hills. There were buildings approaching it from three sides, and a deep ravine from the fourth, which hindered the air approaches.
Later it was confirmed that the location of the airfield was chosen extremely poorly. This was the first airfield of the Black Sea Fleet, from which the only land airplane, “Antoinette,” took off, controlled by a certified pilot, the head of the fleet’s aeronautical fleet, Lieutenant S. F. Dorozhinsky. At the airfield, soldiers and sailors hastily built temporary buildings: hangars made of boards for 6 aircraft and frame-canvas, two masts for determining wind direction and signaling with pilots, a collapsible school meeting building, and one aircraft box was adapted into an officer's canteen.
At a meeting of the Air Fleet Department on November 18, 1910, Lieutenant Colonel Makutin reported on the readiness of the airfield base for flights. The grand opening of the school took place on November 24, 1910, after which regular flights began and the development of the airfield continued. Only temporary premises were built, made of wood, hoping to return to Gatchina. To provide personnel, maintenance, repair and storage of aircraft, separate wooden workshop buildings were built: carpentry, assembly, forging, engine, a car repair hangar, a storeroom, a concrete cellar for storing gasoline, etc. - a total of 19 structures, wooden fencing airfield. The flight officers were housed in the outbuilding of a local landowner, and the soldiers and sailors were housed in an adapted summer illusion cinema. Before the First World War, the training programs for Russian pilots expanded and became more complex, the number of training units and aircraft with improved combat and takeoff and landing qualities increased, requiring a better airfield. The weather and climatic conditions of Crimea and the increase in the number of aircraft (more than 40) ensured pilot training under expanded programs. A special commission headed by Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and the participation of the Russian ace, chief pilot of the school M. Efimov, selected a flat plot of land suitable for an airfield, taking into account the development of flight work in the future, 20 versts north of Sevastopol, six versts from the small Crimean river Kacha , near the Tatar village of Mamasai, on the Black Sea coast. The Grand Duke approved and approved this choice. At the same time, the Chairman of the Third State Duma, industrialist A.P. Guchkov, visited the Sevastopol school. Having flown on the school's airplane, although with an emergency landing, he gave a lunch in honor of the military pilots of the Russian Air Fleet. He left for St. Petersburg, where he convinced his Duma colleagues and the Duma allocated 1,050,000 rubles for the construction of the first flight school.
With money allocated by the Duma. Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich bought the above-mentioned plot of land with an area of 657 dessiatinas 550 sazhens with sides of an almost regular square of 1200 - 1500 sazhens, on which the Alexander Mikhailovsky camp was formed (named in honor of the chief of Russian aviation, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich). Twenty dessiatines were donated to the school by a wealthy neighbor - a landowner, after which the airfield had a total area of 677 dessiatines 550 fathoms. The new head of the school, Lieutenant Colonel Muruzi, without waiting for the construction of permanent buildings at the new airfield to begin, ordered to set up a camp, put up camp tents for people, frame-collapsible canvas hangars for aircraft, and from March 1, 1912, begin theoretical and flight training, according to the agreement, with a special course — 27 students for naval aviation.
To ensure flight safety, by his order, the airfield is marked: a white circle and straight start (take-off and landing) lines are drawn in the center, a wooden fence is built around the airfield, passage and passage are allowed only through a barrier. During the flights, medical support was provided by a paramedic in a ambulance gig, fire-fighting support was provided by firefighters with a hand pump and fire extinguishers mounted on an adapted carriage, and later, on special vehicles purchased abroad.
The flight participants were transported by two foreign-made trucks with a capacity of 11 people each. To restore the health of the students after intensive flights at the start of the airfield, school logistics workers equipped short-term rest areas between flights, provided with tables, wooden benches - sofas on cast beautiful metal legs, water for drinking, etc. The senior doctor of the school, military medic Soloviev, paid constant attention to the rest and preservation of the health of the students and all personnel participating in intense training flights immediately at the start. At the Kulikovo Pole airfield, temporary wooden buildings and frame-collapsible canvas hangars were dismantled, transported and installed in the camp without stopping flights. These works were supervised and performed well by the efficient, enterprising junior officer of the sapper battalion, Viktor Sokolov, a future graduate of the school in 1912.
In 1911, pilot instructors of the Sevastopol flight and Gatchina aeronautical schools, as part of a consolidated aviation squadron, participated in maneuvers of the Petrograd, Warsaw and Kiev military districts, where they practiced in the field: the selection and preparation of field airfields (sites) and the placement of aircraft installed in the field in collapsible hangars and without them, provision of ammunition and repair material, repair and preparation for flights outside capital workshops, transportation of disassembled aircraft on special trailers - carts, cars and horses, and on railway platforms, methods of their safe fastening, placement and organization life and food of the pilots and all personnel of the combined detachment.
Participation in the maneuvers was assessed by the command as brilliant. On the day of the second anniversary of the school - November 21, 1912, the planned foundations of permanent capital buildings, approved by Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, were solemnly consecrated. By the fall of 1913, the company of Chamberlain Gordinsky built the building from brick and stone-shell blocks. There is no need to talk about quality; undamaged by the war, they still serve aviators today. The collection “Russian Sea and Air Fleet”, published in 1913, shows the buildings constructed. In the airfield area: 10 hangars for aircraft, two gasoline warehouses, a workshop, a biological station, signal masts. In the barracks-living area, on the seashore, there were built: a garage, a workshop, a fire train, a fuel shed, a bathhouse-laundry, two kitchens - dining rooms, three two-story barracks for soldiers, a room for variable personnel (accounts), a glacier, an office, an area, a power plant with two units, a pumping station, a water tower, a rest room for officers - a billiard room. There was a staircase leading down to the sea, and on the steep seashore there was a beautiful gazebo. An ornamental fruit garden has been planted in this area, with alleys covered with hard shells and flower beds where flowers were grown. Inside the town there are roads and sidewalks with concrete-asphalt and tiled surfaces and electric lighting. Later, a major two-story main building with a tower and a medical unit was built.
To train pilots in accordance with the requirements of the World War in 1915. the school is expanding and being reorganized into three departments based on permanent unpaved airfields: - first - mixed fighters and bombers at the main airfield on the river. Kache; - the second - at the Belbek airfield (eight kilometers south of Kachi, halfway to Sevastopol) in the valley of the Crimean river Belbek.
The airfield, after the completion of preparatory work by the airfield team, had smooth, good soil, good air access, vegetation with a stable root system corresponded to the safety of flights on light Moran airplanes; - the third - five kilometers south of Simferopol on the left side near the Simferopol-Sevastopol railway. The airfield was a long and wide strip, without any permanent structures on the left eastern side - obstacles or landmarks.
The preparation of unpaved runways was carried out by the school's airfield team, and the safety of flights on the Farman heavy airplane was ensured. At both airfields, personnel lived in camp tents. Temporary wooden buildings and prefabricated frame-canvas hangars were built for services and aircraft. The logistics department of the school at these airfields contained special teams for providing living conditions and airfield technical support for flights. At this time, the school had about 120 foreign aircraft of 16 different types and models, including new ones: Spud, Bleriot, Moran-Parasal, Sopwith, Farman-XX and others.
During the war, permanent buildings were built at the school at the Kachin airfield: a garage, a medical unit, and a house for apartments. From the day of development of the airfield near the Kacha River until the Great October Revolution in the residential and airfield zones, 19 temporary buildings and 48 permanent brick-and-stone objects were transported from the Kulikovo Field airfield and rebuilt.
In 1916 the school comprehensively ensured the graduation of 228 pilots who actively defended their homeland - Russia - from the enemy, using machine guns mounted on aircraft in air combat, engaged in bombing of enemy targets and began to use a new type of weapon against cavalry and infantry - steel arrows (metal rods, pointed on one side, on the other - dissected crosswise, 10 cm long, weighing 16 g). Such arrows were used by the French and British.
Our pilots used arrows (lead flying bullets and bullets for pneumatics) designed by engineer V. A. Slesarev, drop-shaped with a tin stabilizer four times larger than a normal bullet (weight 30 g), capable of piercing a block of wood 150 mm thick, and hitting the rider's head, it could hit his horse right through, since it had better aerodynamic properties and greater penetrating ability. Bullet arrows were packed in cardboard and wooden boxes of 500-1000 pieces, loaded two onto the plane, and at the right moment the pilot poured them out in the air onto the column.
The further development of the school was hindered by the First World War. The condition of the school was negatively affected by its relocation by order of General Denikin to Ust-Labinsk, Kuban. The remaining capital and real estate base of the school, unattended, was again subjected to three months of plunder by Red partisans and marauders. In Ust-Labinsk, the school is organized into a rifle company and participates in repelling Red Army raids in Kuban. When Crimea was again occupied by the Volunteer Army troops, the school returned to Kacha.
General Wrangel, who took command of the White Army, and the leadership of White Aviation were unable to organize the training of pilots for their units. In the pre-revolutionary period, the school mastered flights, material and airfield technical support for flight work, repair and restoration of 10 main types (28 modifications) of foreign aircraft: Farman, Bleriot, Nieuport, Moran, Sapvich, Sommer, Antoinette, Spud, Avro -504. etc. A large number of wood-fabric types and modifications of foreign aircraft required supply authorities to promptly purchase and always have a supply of repair materials, and repair authorities to use them purposefully.
More than 15 varieties and names were used to repair airplanes in the workshops of the school of special wood: pine, ash, spruce, poplar, birch, beech, oak, walnut, American spruce, octopus tulip tree, etc. - without knots and all kinds of delaminations. Birch veneer and 3-5 ply plywood are used for sheathing. The propeller blades were made from boards no more than 30 mm thick without warping, knots, or delamination from walnut, maple, and American spruce. Low carbon steel was used; sheets, pipes, rods, regular and piano wire, heat-treated springs. Sheets, rods, tubes of non-ferrous metals were used: aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, duralumin for the manufacture of tanks and pipelines of the gasoline oil system, and for coating ferrous metals - tin, zinc, nickel. Fabrics were widely used: cotton, linen, more percale, unbleached linen, canvas No. 1 - 8, silk, which when wet up to 30% lost strength due to which it was necessary to make coatings in 4 - 5 layers, increasing the weight of the aircraft; rubberized fabrics are very heavy, forming unevenness during flight (VOISIN aircraft) as well as parchment paper, coated with alcohol copal varnish (“BLERIO-VITI, IX”).
For gluing fabrics, glue was used: carpentry glue, casein glue, Kostovich glue-cement, which did not dissolve in hot and cold water and other liquids. To protect against dampness, the fabric surfaces glued to the airplane were covered with: starch (paste), varnishes - copal, cellon (a mixture of celluloid in acetone and amyl acetate salt), enamel. The following materials were used to repair airplane seats: felt, braid, silk tow, and leather. The restoration of protective visors was carried out using: mirror glass, celluloid, glass triplex and many other materials. The school's workshops have been replenished with new progressive equipment: lathe drilling machines, electric scissors, hand-held electric drills with a voltage of 220 V, spray guns | for painting wood, metal and fabrics, electric arc and | resistance (butt and spot), acetylene-oxygen welding, certain devices and templates. On November 15, 1920, the Bolsheviks took Crimea. Part of the school’s personnel left with Wrangel, the rest began to revive the school, on the basis of which a training school for the Southern Front was created. In May 1921, the Sevastopol flight school was reorganized into a department of flight school No. 1, which is based in the city of Zaraysk, Ryazan region.
In March 1922, Sevastopol (department of flight school No. 1) and Gatchina (school No. 1) merged into one school. Flight school No. 1 moved to Kacha in Crimea within three months using 15 railway trains and transports. The Sevastopol school had 57 different types of foreign aircraft and 74 records.
Later, in March 1932, the Kiev District Pilot School joined the Kachin Flight School with all its personnel and material resources. Small, but an addition to the expansion of Kachi.
The restoration of war-damaged buildings and systems began. The work was carried out especially intensively and extensively in 1923 - 1936, when 26 capital projects were built. In the barracks-residential area: 14 houses with stove heating for 28 apartments, three houses with central heating for 144 apartments, two dormitories (barracks) for ordinary personnel with 200 beds, two dormitories for cadets with 250 beds, the Red Army House with 825 beds , garage for 8 boxes (24 cars). In the airfield area: airfield control building with 36 rooms, hangars No. 8 and 9. Much attention was paid to landscaping and landscaping, maintaining buildings, growing flowers, and maintaining cleanliness and order all year round.
Continuing the training of pilots in Soviet times on new foreign aircraft Moran-Parasol, Avro - 504, De-Hovelant, Martinside - the school in 1926 began to receive wood-percale, wood-metal-percale, all-metal (light alloys) domestic ones aircraft: R-1sp, U-2, DN-9, and since 1941 R-5, I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, I-15 twin, I-15 bis, I -16.I-153, M-2, M-5, U-1 Avro, MIG-1, UT-2. Also mastered were aircraft designed and built by the Kachin people: Dybovsky - the streamlined Dolphin monoplane, Pisarevsky - the single-engine PIS-1, Gribovsky - the G-9 glider. Preparation for airfield flights consisted of leveling the soil of the airfield, mowing and harvesting grass, eliminating mole and gopher holes, filling aircraft tanks with fuel and aviation oil from a bucket through a funnel with a suede filter, charging with compressed air from an airfield cylinder through a hose, laying a belt with cartridges ( shells) into the aircraft ammunition magazine. There were no mechanized means of refueling and charging aircraft yet.
In 1924, the school received domestic trucks: AMO-F-15, YA-3, YAG-4, later: AMO-3, GAZ-AA, ZIS-5, from 1933 - all-terrain vehicles: GAZ-AAA, ZIS-6. Since 1936, domestic wheeled tractors have been supplied: KhTZ, STZ, ChTZ; after 1937, crawler tractors: SKhTZ-NATI, S-65 with a 75 hp engine. Since 1930, the school has been receiving small water-oil warmers designed by engineer Goncharov - “goncharkas”, catalytic furnaces - motor heaters, water and oil fillers (VMZ) and petrol fillers (BZ) mounted on cars with a pump for pumping oil, water, fuel with a filter for separating mechanical impurities and water, an autostarter for starting aircraft engines, oxygen charging stations (AKZS-15), compressor stations (AKS-2), manual oxygen pumps, etc. The new staff provided for the school to have: command staff - 391 people, junior command staff - 357 people , fighters - 410 and 267 different aircraft.
New units are being introduced into the school's logistics department: searchlight operators, ZPU-4 anti-aircraft machine gun units, and airfield operations units.
Since January 1936, the report cards for the school staff determined to have cars: cars - 9, trucks - 45, special - 56, motorcycles - 4, tractors - 13, horses - 50, carts, paired and single - 20. The pace of pilot training, Especially during the approach of the Second World War, there was a demand for expansion of the school's airfield network. The school command, not far from the main airfield on Kutch (No. 1), selects unpaved sites on which flight support was carried out by teams specially allocated from the school's logistics department with material and airfield technical means, arriving in advance to prepare the airfield, deploy launch equipment, and square equipment. Such airfield sites were: No. 2 - in the Mamashayskaya Valley, 12 km from the main airfield, a site measuring 1500x900 m, where U-2, UT-2 flew, and performed parachute jumps. No. 3 - eastern from the main airfield measuring 800X800m, where in the summer they flew on U-2, UT-2 aircraft and performed parachute jumps. No. 4 - Alma-Tomak on the bank of the river with the same name, 22 km north of Kachi, size 1500x900m, calm soil, stable vegetation, but dust formed in hot and windy weather.
We flew U-2, I-16. No. 5 - Nikolaevka site, 23 km north of Kachi, where they flew U-2, I-16. The soil is dense, level, the vegetation cover is stable, the size of the site is 1000x1000m. All camp temporary airfield sites had good air access, roads that were passable in dry weather and difficult to pass in rain. At the camp airfields, signal towers and wooden shelter classrooms were equipped for conducting classes during breaks between shifts and flights. With the receipt of new domestic aircraft, the volume of work on preparing airfields increased. Based on the takeoff and landing characteristics of our aircraft, it was necessary to lengthen the runway and the adjacent territory so that if the aircraft rolled off the runway, the aircraft would not suffer damage on uneven ground. Areas for training in aircraft taxiing on the ground were expanded. Also, previously performed work remained: leveling and compacting the resulting unevenness from the driving of cars and carts after rain, removing foreign objects, mowing and removing grass, destroying mole and gopher holes, etc.
In the spring of 1941, test flights of the newest Soviet fighter MIG-1 were successfully carried out at the main airfield under the leadership of aircraft designer A.I. Mikoyan. The personnel showed high level of training in the operation of the new equipment being tested and the implementation of airfield technical and material support for flights. In 1940, the results of the school’s work were summed up twice.
On August 17, on the occasion of the 8th anniversary of Aviation Day, there were 39 people on the presidium of the meeting, leaders, guests, excellent students in combat and political training, and among them the chef of the flight cadet canteen - Isaev Matvey Yakovlevich. Celebrating the 30th anniversary of the school, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko, by order No. 406 of November 11, 1940. rewarded the head of the logistics department, Lieutenant Colonel Vasily Petrovich Gorinov, with a gold watch, the quartermaster of the 2nd rank, Stepan Fedorovich Prikhodko, with a valuable gift, the head cook of the school, Matvey Yakovlevich Isaev, the head laundress, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Efanova, and the watchman of the aircraft workshops, Fedor Fedorovich Khalturin, with a monthly salary.
Over the 30 years of activity of the school in Crimea, it mastered during the training of pilots and comprehensive material and aerodrome technical support for aircraft and repair of 11 types (31 modifications) of foreign aircraft, 12 types (13 models) of domestic aircraft and two aircraft designed by Kachinites, manufactured in the school’s aircraft workshops , a total of 25 types (44 models) and one glider.
These aircraft provided training for 609 pilots (376 officers and 233 soldiers) between 1911 and 1916. Between 1921 and 1940, mainly 5,694 fighter pilots were trained on domestic aircraft with improved tactical flight and take-off and landing qualities, and a total of 6,303 pilots were trained in Crimea. During the period of two revolutions, foreign intervention and the White Army (1917-1920), essentially, the pilot training school did not operate.
Pilot training was carried out only at unpaved airfields, conditionally dividing them: four permanent (Kulikovo Field, Kachinsky No. 1, Simferopol, Belbek) and four temporary (camp) ones: No. 2 in the Mamashayskaya Valley, No. 3 - eastern site, No. 4 - Alma -Tomak, No. 5 - Nikolaevka. There were no airfields with an artificial runway, and Kulikovo Field, No. 3 and No. 5 were completely unpromising for expanding the future airfield network of the school. Preparation of runways, training areas for taxiing aircraft, parking areas, preparation of aircraft for flights and their repair, provision of pre-flight preparation and flights, household services, taking into account the specific location, were carried out by sufficiently trained specialists of the authorities during flights on foreign and domestic piston aircraft supply and repair of school equipment.
The number of specialists and specialties increased significantly after the transition to providing flights on domestic aircraft, which were more complex in design and operation, requiring complex and reliable ground-based servicing special vehicles. Calculations and practical activities have shown that for the competent use of special vehicles that ensure the preparation and flight of domestic aircraft, it was required that drivers knew and were able to use at least 16 types of special vehicles (AKZS, BZ, VMZ, autostarter, etc.), tractor drivers - more than three types of tractors .
To carry out repairs and routine maintenance, specialists are required: auto mechanic, tractor mechanic, auto and tractor electrician, turner, battery operator, vulcanizer operator, electric gas welder, etc., a total of 28 specialties. In the airfield service: specialists in trailed airfield equipment (rollers, smooth and spiked), smoothers, draggers, cones, plows, toothed harrows, haymowers and horse-drawn and tractor rakes, a framer, a carpenter, an electric and gas welder, etc. - a total of 25 specialists . Services providing direct flights: fuel and lubricants laboratory technician, firefighter, compressor operator, oxygen charging station mechanic, battery charging station mechanic, weather observer, searchlight operator, radio operator of the launch radio station, paramedic (medical nurse), in total at least 9 specialties.
The number of specialties in household services is also increasing; when a residential building is put into operation, service personnel and relevant specialists are immediately required. They constantly need to be prepared, trained and trained. On the Crimean soil, the Kachin aviation school was the leading one in the country in organizing flight training, everyday life, material and airfield technical support for flights, and military management. However, the Nazi invasion on June 22, 1941 negatively affected and slowed down on many issues the activities of the school, which was transferred to harsh material and climatic conditions at the Krasnokutsk air hub in the Saratov region.
It owes its appearance to the founding of the first aviation school in Tsarist Russia. The entire history of the village is connected with the history of the development of domestic aviation.
In 1910, on the initiative of Grand Duke Alexander Romanov, the first military pilot school in the Russian Empire was opened using funds from voluntary donations from citizens. On November 24, 1910, it was opened at the Kulikovo Pole airfield near the city of Sevastopol. At that time, the school consisted of 8 aircraft: 2 Farman-IV biplanes, 3 Blériot-XI monoplanes, 1 Sommer biplane and 2 Antoinette monoplanes. Engine power ranged from 40 to 50 horsepower, and speed barely reached 70 km/hour.
Soon the airfield on the Kulikovo Field became cramped, and new planes appeared. A suitable field for a flight school was found 12 versts from Sevastopol near the Kacha River valley near the village of Mamasai (Orlovka). On November 21, 1912, the aviation school was transferred from Kulikovo Field to the mouth of the Kacha River, and the village of Kacha began to grow near the school on the site of the Aleksandro-Mikhailovsky farm. This date is considered the day the village was founded.
The only school at that time had aircraft workshops, brick hangars for 100 aircraft, and a large field airfield. The aviation school trained 150–200 pilots per year.
Facts testify to success in training domestic pilots. For example, graduates of the Kaczna Aviation School developed the world's first instructions on the combat use of aviation. They were the first to use airplanes for photographic reconnaissance, naval flights, and performed new aerobatic maneuvers - “corkscrew” and “loop.”
The flying school was located in the village until 1441. Many famous pilots emerged from its walls, including A. I. Pokryshkin, P. D. Osipenko, G. F. Baidukov, B. F. Safonov and many others. In June 1941, the Kachin school was evacuated to Krasny Kut, Saratov region. In 1945, it was renamed into a school with its location in the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd).
During the Great Patriotic War, the village was located in a zone of active hostilities. Black Sea aviators crushed the invaders in the skies of Crimea and Kuban, Romania and Czechoslovakia. Their names are among the Chelyuskin rescuers, defenders of Spain and Khalkhin Gol, conquerors of world records for flight range and altitude. From the first days of the war, the 8th Fighter Aviation Regiment was based on Kach, which since April 1942 has been called the 6th Guards. In 1944, this regiment was called the Guards Fighter Twice Red Banner Sevastopol Aviation Regiment.
After the Great Patriotic War, from 1947 to 1960, the 4th Fighter Aviation Division was based on Kutch. In May 1960, the 872nd Aviation Regiment was relocated to Kacha from the Khersones airfield. And since the fall of 1960, a separate transport regiment has been based here on Kach. These two main aviation units, as well as support units, are based at the Kacha airfield at the present time.
155 residents of Kachi fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, of which 115 were awarded orders and medals, 41 died a heroic death.
The instructors at the school were pilots M. Efimov, M. Komarov, E. Rudnev, M. Zelensky, G. Piotrovsky, well-known during the development of domestic aviation, the corkscrew conqueror K. Arneulov and others.
Kacha was visited in 1914 by the master of the “dead loop” Pyotr Nikolaevich Nesterov.
Among the graduates of the Kachin pilot school are air marshals and more than 170 generals. Heroes of the Soviet Union: three times - Alexander Pokryshkin, twice - 12 people and 284 - Heroes of the Soviet Union.
A residential town grew up next to the airfield. Headquarters, service dos (officers' houses), barracks and housing in the private sector appeared.
The names of the shady streets of the village contain a heroic chronicle of the birth and development of USSR aviation: the embankment named after Valeria Chkalov, the streets of Pyotr Nesterov, Nikolai Gastello, Marina Raskova. Valentina Grizodubova, Polina Osipenko, Ivan Kozhedub, Alexander Pokryshkin.
The names of aviators who dedicated themselves to the sky and gave their lives in the fight against enemies are immortalized in monuments and on the Alley of Heroes.
History of Crimean airfields
The first airfields in Crimea appeared before the First World War. And then these structures, mainly for military purposes, began to multiply like mushrooms. This was facilitated by the favorable weather conditions of Crimea and its geographical location. By the Great Patriotic War there were already several dozen of them; Crimea was even called an “unsinkable aircraft carrier.” After the war, the development of aviation required long concrete runways. This forced the number of airfields to be reduced, but their size to be increased. Passenger air transportation has become massive. Among the passengers were leaders of the USSR, which had a beneficial effect on the development of the airfield. Moreover, a spare landing strip for the Buran reusable spacecraft was built in Crimea. With the transition to the jurisdiction of Ukraine, the Crimean airspace was largely empty, and a number of “berths” were accordingly abandoned.
What is left now of its former splendor?
1. Belbek Airport.
2. Kacha airfield.
3. Yuzhny airfield on Chersonesus.
4. Nitka airfield.
5. Evpatoria airfield.
6. Donuzlav airfield.
7. Simferopol Airport.
8. Gvardeyskoye airfield.
9. Oktyabrskoye airfield.
10. Vesyoloye airfield.
11. Dzhankoy airfield.
12. Karagoz airfield.
13. Airfield "Severny" - Kirovskoye.
14. Bagerovo airfield.
15. Kerch Airport.
16. Aerodrome "Zavodskoe"
17. Heliports outside Primorsky.
There was also a large military airfield near Crimea in Genichesk. Now its runway has been dismantled into concrete slabs. In particular, the road from Genichesk to Strelkovoy on the territory geographically related to Crimea is made from them.
Note that the Russian Black Sea Fleet owns only two airfields, in Kach and Gvardeyskoye. And passenger transportation is carried out by the main Simferopol and sometimes Belbek.
Once upon a time there was a small airfield even on Ai-Petri in the “balls” area, from the 50s to the mid-70s. But now there’s definitely nothing flying there.
By the way, in Soviet times in Crimea there were unpaved civilian airfields for local transportation and agricultural aviation in Nizhnegorsk, Kerch, Lenino, Zolotoy Pole, Kirov, Sovetsky, Razdolny, Mezhvodny and even in Sudak. They were loudly called “airports”. Most of them flew on the AN-2 with passengers to Simferopol at the Zavodskoye airfield. A ticket for AN-2 (capacity 12 passengers) from Nizhnegorsk to Simferopol cost 3 rubles in the 80s. And to the deserted beach on the Arabat Spit - 2 rubles. The same amount as 5 liters of AI-93 gasoline, lunch in a cheap canteen and less than a quarter of vodka... They say there was even an airfield on the Tuzla Spit, from where passenger flights operated to Kerch. For a short time in the 60s there was a “helicopter taxi” from Simferopol to Yalta to the helipad. This site is clearly visible from the Yalta bypass and is still intact.
Oktyabrskoye airfieldThe name of the railway station is Elevatornaya; the airfield is 1st category, the runway and taxiway were overhauled in the late 70s, after which it became possible to accept aircraft of any type at this airfield without restrictions on the weight of the aircraft, up to the Buran.943 MRAP was part of the 2nd MRAD: the 3rd fraternal regiment of the division was based at the Gvardeyskoe ace - there was also the division's administration, a.s. Vesyoloye, a.s. Oktyabrskoe. 943 MRAP was the first in the USSR Navy Aviation to retrain and begin to operate the TU-22 M2.3. The last military pilot in the Soviet Union who was awarded the title “Honored Military Pilot of the USSR” was the commander of this regiment. The regiment was disbanded in 1996.
Gvardeyskoye airfield - Sarabuz
Sarabuz is a small railway station - a junction 18 km from Simferopol. One branch of the road leads directly to the north, to Dzhankoy and further to Perekop, and the second - to Saki and Yevpatoria, the largest medical center in Crimea. Almost at the very fork, on a large hill, there were two villages - Spat and Shunuk. One was inhabited by German Mennonites who moved here under Catherine, and the other was inhabited mainly by Russians. On the outskirts, on the rocky slopes, Tatar houses cling. Very close by is a large airfield, where the roar of the engines of the then newest I-15, I-16 fighters and high-speed twin-engine SB bombers did not cease either day or night. They rushed over the houses with a deafening roar, as if they were trying to kill the nationalist passions seething in them. And they were serious......
By the end of 05/07/1942, Soviet aerial reconnaissance discovered up to one hundred enemy aircraft at the Sarabuz airfield. 103 Shap (15 UAG) was ordered to launch a bombing and assault strike on it. The task ahead was difficult: from your Bagerovo airfield you had to fly to the maximum radius of action of the “silts,” which did not allow any deviation from the course; most of the route passed over territory occupied by the enemy; half of the route was over the sea, and this made piloting and orientation very difficult. To catch everyone at the airport, you will have to take off in the dark.
Regiment commander P.I. Mironenko decided to lead this flight. Before dawn on May 8, 10 heavily loaded Il-2s took off. The deputy commander was A.P. Bukhanov, the second five was led by S. Popov. The commander walked the entire route at an extremely low altitude. Approaching the target, Mironenko “slide” gained altitude. At the start, the pilots saw about 80 bombers standing wing to wing with their engines running, ready for takeoff. But not one managed to get up.
Lieutenant G.D. Ugolnikov did not return from the mission; he was shot down right above the airfield. But his comrades paid back in full for his death: the next day, partisan intelligence reported that 38 bombers and 41 German pilots had been destroyed.
Yuzhny airfield
The Yuzhny airfield is located on Cape Khersones. A military and apparently secret facility, there is practically no information about it
Belbek airfield
Belbek International Airport serves the city of Sevastopol and other cities of Crimea. Created on the basis of the military airfield of the same name. The airport was named after the Belbek River, which flows in the southwest of Crimea. Located on the seashore, on the northern side of Sevastopol.
The airfield was founded in June 1941; after the start of the war, it housed a military fighter aviation regiment. Initially unpaved, after the war it received a concrete runway, but remained exclusively a military fighter airfield. In the second half of the 1980s, after M. S. Gorbachev came to power, the runway was significantly enlarged and improved, since he used the airfield when flying to the presidential dacha in Foros. This is what subsequently allowed the airfield to be used for civilian purposes.
In December 2002, the airport received a license for international air transportation.
From 2002 to 2007, about 4 thousand flights were carried out, about 50 thousand passengers were transported. In 2007, civil aircraft flights at the airfield were temporarily suspended due to the refusal of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine to extend the agreement on the joint use of the airfield.
In the spring of 2010, the Sevastopol city administration announced the resumption of airport operations. On May 30, 2010, the grand opening of Belbek took place.
Military use of the airfield continues to this day, with a fighter regiment based there. In the 1990s. Su-15TM aircraft have been replaced by Su-27, and currently MIG-29s are mainly used; it is also possible to rent a private plane.
Belbek Airport has a runway measuring 3007×48 m, class B, designed to receive aircraft of all types. The maximum take-off weight of an aircraft is unlimited. The classification number of the coating is 34/R/A/X/T. The magnetic landing course is 065/245. Lighting equipment - "Luch-2MU".
The airport is located 2.5 kilometers from the transport interchange "Simferopol - Sevastopol / Yalta - Belbek Airport", near the village of Fruktovoye, in the territorial community of the Nakhimovsky district. The distance to the southern part of Sevastopol is 25 kilometers, to Zakharov Square (the main square of the North side) - 9 kilometers, to Simferopol - 50 kilometers, to Yalta - 95 kilometers.
Kacha is rightfully considered the cradle of Russian aviation; it was here at the beginning of the 20th century that Russia’s first aviation school for pilots was located. The creation of the school has its own extraordinary history.
In 1905, Russia was defeated in the Russo-Japanese War, its fleet was destroyed, and funds were required to restore it. At the request of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, curator of the fleet, and with the approval of the Tsar, the collection of voluntary donations beganPeople responded and in a short time the required amount was collected. This is how the Russian Navy was restored.
With the remaining money, which is 900,000 gold rubles, by order of Nicholas 2, the first, best at that time, monoplanes and biplanes were ordered from France. It was there, at the schools of Farman, Bleriot and Antoinette, that the first Russian pilots were sent for training.
So at the beginningXXcentury, Sevastopol, a city by the sea, became a runway stretching into the sky. The school was located outside the city on Kulikovo Field, now there is General Ostryakov Avenue, where the memorial “Courage and heroism of the Black Sea aviators” is located, opened on March 28, 1981, where it is written in gold letters:"During the years of the Great Patriotic War16 Black Sea pilots carried out 18 air rams,61 pilots and navigators were awarded the rankHero of the Soviet Union"
On November 24, 1910, in Sevastopol on the Kulikovo Field, the first military pilot school in Russia was opened, in which there were only 10 aircraft: 4-Farmana-4, 3-Blériot,2-"Antoinette", 1-"Sommer".
Subsequently, the anniversary of the school began to be celebrated not on the official day of its opening, but on November 21st - on the patronal feast day of Archangel Michael, declared by the Russian Orthodox Church, the patron saint of aviation and Russian pilots.
Efimov Mikhail Nikiforovich - the first Russian pilot (1881-1919). From peasants. In 1910 he graduated from Farman's flying school with a diploma№ 31. Since 1910 - senior instructor at the Sevastopol Aviation School. Here, for the first time, he performed elements of aerobatics - a turn, a dive, a spiral, and gliding with the engines turned off. In 1911 he tested the world's first backpack parachute. During the First World War he was a fighter pilot. For heroism he was awarded 4 Crosses of St. George and the rank of ensign.
The first heads of the Sevastopol Aviation School were:
Kedrin V.N. captain 1st rank since 1910 to 1911
Odintsov S.I. Colonel of the General Staff since 1911 to 1912
Prince Muruzi A.A. Lieutenant Colonel of the General Staff since 1912 to 1916
On October 26, 1911, in the Livadia Palace, Nicholas 2 received the pilots of the first graduating class of the Sevastopol school, numbering 24 people, and presented them with diplomas of completion of the flight school. Together with Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, the Tsar congratulated each graduate.
Soon the airfield on the Kulikovo Field became cramped, and new planes appeared. A suitable field for a flight school was found 12 versts from Sevas-topol near the valley of the Kacha River near the village of Mamasai (Orlovka). The choice of location was approved by the highest ranks of the Russian military department.
In 1914, a plane piloted by a Russian pilot, the author of the “dead loop” - P.N. Nesterov, landed at the Kachin school airfield. During the First World War, pilots, developing the Nesterov school of figure flying, mastered the so-called “corkscrew”.
Between 1910 and 1917, 609 pilots were trained.
After the Great October Revolution of 1917, the entire school staff went over to the side of Soviet power and successfully participated in the fight against the counter-revolution in Crimea. In 1917, the Bureau of the Commissariat of Aviation and Aeronautics was created under the Military Revolutionary Committee.
In 1921, the air detachments from which the Black Sea Fleet aviation was created took an active part in the defeat of the White Guards and foreign invaders.
Wonderful pilots emerged from the walls of the Kachinsky flight school: Stepanchenko V.A., Yumashev A.B., who in 1929 broke all world records for altitude, range and flight duration. In 1936, the crew of the ANT-25 aircraft, consisting of Chkalov V.P. and two students of the Kachinsky school, Baidukov G.F. and Belyakova A.V. made his unprecedented flight from Moscow to the island of Udd, spending more than 60 hours continuously in the air and flying more than 10,000 km without landing. And soon the same crew surprised the world with a new feat, completing a non-stop flight from Moscow to the USA in 63 hours.
All of humanity applauded the record of Soviet women - pupils of the Kachin school: P. Osipenko and V. Lomako, who, together with navigator N. Raskova, made a non-stop flight from Sevastopol to Arkhangelsk. The first Soviet military pilot, Zinaida Petrovna Kokorina, graduated from school in 1924 and worked as an instructor pilot and was the head of a flight school in the city of Khabarovsk.
And in September 1938, Polina Denisovna Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova and Maria Raskova made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the Far East on the Rodina plane. P.D. Osipenko graduated from school in the 30s, one of the first women to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The authority of the school at that time was so high that the leaders of the country, starting with I.V. Stalin,sent their sons for flight training to the Kachin aviation school. It was in Kach that the son of I.V. Stalin-Vasily, the 3 sons of A.A. Mikoyan, the sons of N.V. Frunze and others learned to fly.In 1935, the school was visited by S.M. Budyonny, who highly appreciated the Kachinsky flight school.
During the period of the creation of polar aviation, pilots and navigators were sent from the Black Sea Fleet Air Force, among them: Levanevsky, Lyapidevsky, Molokov, Doronin. On April 20, 1934, they were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as participants in the rescue of passengers and crew of the icebreaker "Chelyuskin".
In June 1941, the Kachin school was evacuated to Krasny Kut, Saratov region.
In 1945, it was renamed into a school with its location in the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd).
256 graduates of the school became Heroes of the Soviet Union, 150 - generals, 7 - marshals and 2 - chief marshals of aviation, 12 graduates - twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, and Pokryshkin A.I. three times Hero of the Soviet Union. He graduated from school in 1939. Flew 550 combat missions, shot down 59 enemy aircraft, air marshal.
Here, USSR pilot-cosmonauts V.A. Shatalov and V.F. Bykovsky received a ticket to the sky.
The Great Patriotic War was a difficult test for the Soviet people and their armed forces. From the first days of the war, the 8th Fighter Aviation Regiment was based on Kach, which since April 1942 has been called the 6th Guards. 2 famous aviation regiments are fighting in the battles for Crimea- 6th Guards Fighter Twice Red Banner Sevastopol Regiment and 11 Guards Fighter Twice Red Banner Nikolaev Regiment.
During the defense of Crimea and Sevastopol, the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet was commanded by Major General Nikolai Alekseevich Ostryakov. During the period of his command, over 400 enemy aircraft were destroyed. On April 24, 1942, during a German air raid, N.A. Ostryakov died in the line of duty. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and an avenue in Sevastopol was named after him.
Vladimir Ivanovich Voronov, an Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force, fighter pilot of the 6th Guards Twice Red Banner Sevastopol Air Regiment, retired Colonel General of Aviation, went through his military career from private to general. His entire life and service are connected with the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet. Here he went through a difficult path from lieutenant to colonel general, from an ordinary pilot to the Commander of Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet.
At the beginning of the war, the 11th Guards Nikolaevsky Regiment was commanded by Major N.Z. Pavlov, who died heroically in battle on September 23, 1942. At the beginning of the war, this regiment covered the main base - Sevastopol - from the Khersones airfield. The pilots of the 11th Fighter Aviation Regiment successfully accomplished their assigned combat missions. On August 8, 1941, they took part in the destruction of the Chernovodsk bridge over the Danube River, an important enemy target. Many of them were awarded the Order of Lenin for this operation.
Hero of the Soviet Union fighter pilot Ivan Stepanovich Lyubimov (later commander of the 11th air regiment, and then commander of the 4th IAD) fought fearlessly with the enemy. “Our second Maresyev,” that’s what his comrades called him. He flew and beat an enemy with a prosthetic left leg instead of a foot. Shot down 9 planes. The military garrison and the village of Lyubimovka are named after him.
A rare document from the time of the Great Patriotic War was presented to the Room of Military Glory of the Kacha garrison by the former Commander of Naval Aviation of the Navy, Colonel General Vladimir Grigorievich Deineka. This is the Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR dated August 8, 1941, signed by the People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin, in which he thanked the crews of the planes that bombed Berlin on the night of August 6-7.
A special place in the Room of Military Glory belongs to the pilots who committed air rams. 16 pilots - Heroes of the 6th Fighter Sevastopol Aviation Regiment and the 11th Fighter Nikolaev Aviation Regiment carried out air rams, and two of them - Ivanov Ya.N. and Borisov M.A. carried out 2 air rams. (Borisov M.A. made 2 air rams in one flight).
In the park on the Alley of Heroes there is a monument to the Heroes of the Soviet Union who committed aerial rams.
"Their names and exploits will shine for centuries."
The names of the Heroes are written in gold letters: Bereshvili I.S., Borisov M.A., Volovodov B.N., Grek V.F.. Zinoviev I.K., Ivanov Ya.M., Kalinin V.A., Karasev S. .S., Katrov A.I., Mukhin S.S., Ryzhov E.M., Savva N.I., Sevryukov L.I., Cherevko B.G., Chernopashchenko V.E., Shaposhnikov F.D. .
After the end of the Second World War, the regiments were disbanded.
At the beginning of 1947, the 11th Guards Twice Red Banner Nikolaev Fighter Regiment was relocated to Kacha. (until May 31, 1943, the former 32nd Air Regiment).
On October 20, 1947, by order of the Minister of the Navy, an aviation and technical base of military unit 49311 was created with a base in Kach.
The formation of military unit 45646 (helicopter regiment) began in 1958, but the anniversary date is considered to be November 1, 1954 - the day of the creation of a separate squadron of MI-4 helicopters. In May 1960, the helicopter regiment of military unit 45646 was relocated to Kacha from the Khersones airfield.
Since the fall of 1960, a separate transport regiment of military unit 87381 has been based on Kach.since 1996, reorganized into a separate mixed aviation regimentmilitary unit 49252.
In 1965, in honor of the 20th anniversary of the Victory, a park and Alley of Heroes were solemnly opened at the House of Officers, where busts of 26 Heroes of the Soviet Union Black Sea pilots were installed. The busts were made by chefs - students of the Kyiv Art Institute. On Victory Day - May 9, flowers are laid to the Heroes of the Soviet Union.
November 21, 2012 The Kachin garrison will celebrate the 100th anniversary of its formation.
The Kachinsky garrison is proud of the glorious combat traditions of the first aviation school of pilots, which is rightfully considered the cradle of Russian aviation!
