Boat Meteor: technical characteristics. Passenger hydrofoils

"Meteor", project 342E- a series of river passenger hydrofoils developed by Rostislav Alekseev.

History

M / v "Meteor"

Produced from 1961 to 1991 at the Zelenodolsk Shipyard named after A. M. Gorky. In total, more than 400 motor ships of this series were built. The Rostislav Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod Hydrofoil Design Bureau developed a Meteor-2000 modification with imported engines and air conditioners, which was also supplied to China. By 2007, the Meteor production line was dismantled at the plant, and motor ships of the new A45-1 project were laid down.

Description

The motor ship Meteor of project 342E is a duralumin, diesel, single-deck, two-shaft hydrofoil motor ship designed for high-speed passenger transportation during daylight hours along navigable rivers, freshwater reservoirs and lakes in regions with a temperate climate. The remote control and monitoring system provides control of the ship directly from the wheelhouse.

Passengers are accommodated in three cabins equipped with soft seats: bow, middle and stern - for 26, 44 and 44 seats, respectively. The passage of passengers from the middle to the aft saloon is carried out on a roofed deck (visible as a "hump" in the photographs), from the deck doors lead to the toilet, engine room and utility room. There is a buffet in the middle salon.

The wing device consists of a bow and aft bearing wings and two flaps attached to the side and bottom racks of the bow wing.

Two diesel engines of the M-400 type (12ChNS18 / 20) of right and left rotation, twelve-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, water-cooled, reversible clutch, with a rated power of 1000 hp are installed as main engines on the ship. each at 1700 rpm, converted from aircraft M-40s. Propellers - two five-blade fixed-pitch propellers ø 710 mm. A combined diesel-generator-compressor-pump unit was installed to service the power plant and shipboard needs. The unit consists of a 12 hp diesel engine. at 1500 rpm with a starter and manual start, a 5.6 kW generator, a compressor and a vortex self-priming pump. The mechanical installation of the ship is controlled from the posts in the wheelhouse and in the engine room.

Sources of electricity

The main source of electricity in running mode are two running DC generators with a power of 1 kW each at a normal voltage of 27.5 V, installed on the main engines. There is an automatic generator for parallel operation of the generator and storage batteries. To power consumers of electricity in the parking lot, an auxiliary DC generator with a power of 5.6 kW and a nominal voltage of 28 V is installed.

"Meteor-236" on the Lena

• The famed pilot Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Devyatayev became the first captain of the Meteor SPK. During the Great Patriotic War he was able to escape from captivity by hijacking an enemy bomber.
• In the center of the Sormovsky district of Nizhny Novgorod, on the Burevestnik square, a Meteora model was installed. At this time, the model has been moved to the square in front of the Polytechnic College near Sormovsky Park.
• A Meteora model was installed near the Kazan River College.

Motor ship Meteor-86

VIP class vessel!
In 2011, the ship's saloon was completely renovated, the decoration and layout of the premises were changed (the bow and middle compartments were combined). Equipped with leather seats with folding wooden tables, there is a wardrobe and separate tables for negotiations.
Passenger capacity = 86 people
There is a bar on the ship, you can also organize meals on board by delivering snacks using special carts (like on an airplane). In addition, a well-equipped closet is available.
The windows are tinted, there is a built-in air conditioning system.
Due attention was also paid to the hold of the ship: new rivets, straightened flora, fresh paintwork. The hull of the ship also received the necessary care.
The motor ship is equipped with the latest O2.0 class radio navigation equipment. A separate cabin is equipped for special communications while escorting VIP flights.
In addition, the diesel power plant was updated: the company carried out a major overhaul of two M419 engines (2200 hp in total). Additionally, a 220 V Westerbeke generator is installed.

In contact with

The most beautiful and famous hydrofoil ship "Meteor", built in 1959 by the Gorky shipyard "Krasnoe Sormovo", is still used on the rivers of our country. "Meteor" is a high-speed motor ship carrying passengers on freshwater lakes and reservoirs and navigable rivers during daylight hours.

Hydrofoil development history

For the first time, a small hydrofoil vessel (SPK) was tested in France on the Seine River in 1897 by a Russian citizen Charles de Lambert. However, the power of the steam engine used was not enough to lift the ship's hull above the water. At the same time, the Italian inventor E. Forlanini accelerated an experimental vessel on multi-tiered wings to 68 km / h. At the beginning of the last century, tests of SPK models were carried out by inventors from the USA, Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Canada, Italy. In 1919, Frederick Baldwin's vessel HD-4, approved by the US Navy, set a world record on two engines, developing a speed of 114 km / h on water. The one-winged models of the British shipbuilder D.I. Thornicroft were about 7 meters long and developed a speed of about 64 km / h.

In the 40s, the German design bureau under the direction of Hans von Schertel built a cruise ship, developing a speed of up to 74 km / h with a load of 20 tons on board. In the 1950s, Schertel founded the Supramar company in Switzerland and built a wooden ship with partially submerged wings, which was the first in the world to commercially transport 32 passengers between the cities of Italy and Switzerland. In 1956, under the Supramara license, Rodriguez began mass production of RT-20 hydrofoil vessels for use at sea. RT-20, having a displacement of 32 tons, transported 72 passengers through the Messinsky Strait, developing a speed of about 62 km / h. For 20 years "Supramar" has developed a series of models on partially submerged hydrofoils and under its license more than 200 vessels have been built in Italy and Japan.

In the United States in the 60s, Boeing took part in the development of military patrol and missile-carrying boats. The Pegasus-class fast armed ships served in the US Navy from 1977 to 1993. Since 1974, Boeing has produced about 20 offshore civilian ships, Jetfoil, carrying 167 to 400 passengers on board. Today Jetfoils are being built under license by the Japanese company Kawasaki.

In the 60s and 70s of the last century, the Canadian and Italian navies were armed with high-speed armed hydrofoils.

The appearance of "Meteor"

In the USSR, most of the SEC was constructed under the leadership of the talented engineer Rostislav Evgenievich Alekseev. In 1941, in his diploma work "Glisser on hydrofoils", R.E. Alekseev. described the principle of operation of a low-submerged hydrofoil. The examination committee of the Gorky Polytechnic Institute learned about the ship, which has no analogues in the history of shipbuilding.

In the early 50s, military torpedo boats with bow hydrofoils were built in the Soviet Union. During 1963-1967, 16 patrol and 12 border hydrofoil boats were built according to the Antares project and 2 anti-submarine ships Sokol.

In the 60s, several individual experimental SPKs "Strela-1,2 and 3", "Chaika", "Burevestnik", "Sputnik", "Whirlwind", "Typhoon" were built. In the service of ship supervision and at rescue stations, Volga hydrofoil boats were used. The Soviet Union exported passenger SPKs to dozens of countries around the world.

The experimental motor ship "Meteor" during the tests in November 1959 passed its first journey - from Gorky to Feodosia. After wintering in May 1960, the Meteor returned to Gorky. The successful test voyage of the vessel allowed the passenger motor ship "Meteor" to be exhibited at the exhibition of the river fleet in Moscow for presentation to the leadership of the Soviet Union. Demonstration of the first motor ship "Meteor" to the head of the USSR NS Khrushchev was held under the joint management of R.E. Alekseev and the famous aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev.

Serial production of the motor ship "Meteor"

The river fleet of the Soviet Union had the largest fleet of winged ships. More than 1000 high-speed boats and hydrofoils were used on the rivers and lakes of our Motherland. Winged riverboats increased speed and became an attractive means of transport for local passenger traffic and fast travel between cities. River travel attracted Soviet residents with its comfort, speed, and economy.

Since September 1961, the serial production of motor ships "Meteor" was carried out in Tatarstan by the Zelenodolsk Shipyard named after A. M. Gorky. For 30 years more than 400 motor ships of the Meteor series have been launched. The increase in passenger traffic required new, more spacious and comfortable motor ships. And in May 1962, the Meteor-2 left the water area of ​​the plant, taking 115 people aboard with a bar and cafe.

Nizhny Novgorod Design Bureau for SPK im. R.E. Alekseeva developed a modification of the Metor-2000 motor ship, equipped with imported engines and a comfortable air-conditioned cabin. Since 2007, the line that produced Meteora has been reconstructed for the production of new motor ships of the A45-1 series.

Description SPK "Meteor"

The single-deck duralumin river motor ship on hydrofoils "Meteor" is equipped with a diesel engine. In autonomous mode, without refueling, the motor ship delivers passengers to a distance of no more than 600 km along navigable rivers and freshwater lakes of Russia. Tourist excursions or business trips on the motor ship "Meteor" are carried out only during daylight hours. Remote control over the movement of the vessel from the wheelhouse is carried out by a team of 3 people.

Three passenger cabins for 124 people, located in the bow, stern and middle parts of the ship, are equipped with soft comfortable seats and a single audio system for transmitting information to passengers. In the middle saloon there is a bar, and in the bow saloon the picturesque surroundings float behind huge panoramic windows. Through the deck of the ship, there is a passage between the passenger saloons, to the toilet, to the utility room and the engine room.

Technical characteristics of the motor ship "Meteor"

The motor ship "Meteor" is operated at a speed of 60-65 km / h, although it can accelerate in open space up to 77 km / h. With a vessel length of 34.6 m and a width with a wingspan of 9.5 m, the empty motor ship has a displacement of 36.4 tons, and when fully loaded - 53.4 tons. During anchorage, the height of the vessel is 5.63 m, and the draft is 2.35 m. During movement on the wings, it “grows” up to 6.78 m and sags by 1.2 m.

The high fuel consumption of the motor ship "Meteor" is a significant drawback of the winged ship. The first models of the ship consumed about 225 liters of diesel fuel per hour. The use of new modern motors reduces this figure to 50 liters per hour.

Engine "Meteora"

The main engines on the ship are 2 twelve-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines of the M-400 type, with turbocharging, reversing clutch and water cooling. The rated power of each engine at 1,700 rpm is 1,000 horsepower. The auxiliary propellers are a pair of 5-blade propellers 710 mm in diameter. The ship's needs are handled by a unit consisting of:

• Diesel engine with 12 horsepower at 1500 rpm.
• Generator (5.6 kW).
• Compressor.
• Self-priming vortex pump.

The wing device includes in its design load-bearing (bow and stern) steel wings and two flaps made of magnesium-aluminum alloy, mounted on the struts of the bow wing.

Electric power in running mode is supplied by two DC generators installed on the main engines with a power of 1 kW each. During the stop, an auxiliary generator is used, and the ship is equipped with an automatic generator for parallel operation with batteries.

Safety on board the ship

All devices and mechanisms of the ship are controlled by the ship's control system. Smooth movement and reliable operation of the engines is guaranteed by regular thorough maintenance of passenger ships. The deck and passenger saloons are protected from the weather by a solid roof. Comfortable armchairs and safety on the motor ship "Meteor" are conducive to exciting travels and river walks with family or friends.

Weekdays "Meteora" today

Despite the fact that Meteor hydrofoils are no longer produced, these ships are still used for passenger transportation in Russia, the CIS countries and far abroad. In the difficult 90s, many river shipping, left without work, were forced to sell "Meteora" to travel companies in Greece, China and Vietnam. In Italy, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia to this day the motor ships "Meteor" and other hydrofoils produced in the USSR are used.

In Russia, regular flights operate during the navigation period on the Irkutsk - Bratsk routes along the Angara, from Petrozavodsk to Shaly, Kizhi and Velikaya Guba along Lake Onega, along Ladoga to Valaam from Sortavala. Between the cities of the navigable rivers Volga, Don, Lena, Amur and Kama, passengers enjoy using motor ships rather than commuter trains and trains.

The boat "Meteor" is a river passenger motor ship. It is a hydrofoil vessel. It was developed by the domestic shipbuilder Rostislav Alekseev.

History of "Meteor"

The boat "Meteor" dates back to 1959. It was then that the first such experimental vessel was launched. Sea trials took almost three weeks. Within their framework, the very first boat "Meteor" covered the distance from Gorky to Feodosia. The vessel was built at a plant called Krasnoe Sormovo.

In Feodosia "Meteor" overwintered. He set off on his return journey only in the spring of 1960. This time it took him five days to swim from Feodosia to Gorky. The tests were recognized as successful by all participants.

Mass production

Everyone was satisfied, so already in 1961 it was put into mass production. It was established in the name of Gorky, who was located in Zelenodolsk. For 30 years, more than 400 motor ships of this series have been produced here.

At the same time, the design bureau did not stand still. New, improved versions were constantly developed. So, Nizhny Novgorod designers have proposed to make "Meteor" on hydrofoils. At the same time, imported engines and air conditioners were used. The history of this vessel ended only in 2007, when the line was finally dismantled, rebuilding it for a new class of motor ships.

Inventor of "Meteor"

By right, the shipbuilder Rostislav Alekseev is considered the creator of the Meteor boat. In addition to aircraft on air wings, his merit is the appearance in our country of ekranoplanes (high-speed vehicles flying in the area of ​​action of an aerodynamic screen) and ekranoplans (using a ground effect for flights).

Alekseev was born in the Chernigov province back in 1916. In 1933 he moved with his family to Gorky, where his successful working career took shape. He graduated from an industrial institute, defended his thesis on hydrofoil speedboats. Started working as a shipbuilding engineer.

During the Great Patriotic War, resources and people were allocated to him to create combat hydrofoils. The leadership of the Soviet Navy believed in his idea. True, their creation was delayed, so they did not have time to take part directly in hostilities. But the models obtained have convinced skeptics of the possibility of implementing this project.

Work on "Meteor"

A group of scientists began to develop "Meteor" on hydrofoils under the leadership of Alekseev. Initially, it received the symbolic name "Rocket".

The world community became aware of this project in 1957. The ship was presented at the international festival of youth and students, which took place in Moscow. After that, active shipbuilding began. In addition to the Meteor boat, whose technical characteristics turned out to be impressive, projects were created under the names Burevestnik, Volga, Voskhod, Sputnik and Kometa.

In the 60s, Alekseev created an ekranoplan for the navy and a separate project for the airborne troops. If the flight altitude of the first was only a few meters, then the second could rise to a height comparable to aircraft - up to seven and a half kilometers.

In the 70s, Alekseev received an order for an Eaglet landing craft. In 1979, the ship-ekranolet for the first time in the world was adopted by the navy, as an official combat unit. Alekseev himself regularly tested his vehicles. In January 1980, while running in a new model of a passenger civilian ekranolet, which was supposed to be completed for the Moscow Olympics, it crashed. Alekseev survived, but received numerous injuries. He was urgently hospitalized. Doctors fought for his life, two operations were performed. But on February 9, he still died. He was 63 years old.

Hydrofoil

Hydrofoil Meteor is a prime example of this class of vessels. It has hydrofoils under the hull.

Among the advantages of such aircraft are high speed of movement, low resistance when moving on the wings, insensitivity to rolling and high cross-country ability.

At the same time, they also have significant disadvantages. Their main disadvantage is low efficiency, especially in comparison with low-speed displacement vessels, while at the same time they start having problems with waves on the water. In addition, they are not adapted to unequipped parking lots, and to move they need both powerful and compact engines.

Description of "Meteora"

"Meteor" is a hydrofoil motor ship, which is designed for high-speed transportation of passengers. It runs on diesel and is itself single-deck. It is used exclusively during daylight hours on navigable rivers. It is also possible to move it through fresh water reservoirs and lakes, but only in areas with a predominantly temperate climate. It is controlled remotely, its movement is monitored directly from the wheelhouse.

Passengers are in three cabins with comfortable and soft seats. They are located in the bow, middle and stern of the vessel. A total of 114 passengers can be accommodated. Moving between parts of the ship is through the deck, from which doors lead to the toilet, utility rooms and the engine room. The middle salon even has a buffet for those wishing to eat.

The wing device includes wing wings and flaps. They are fixed on the sides and bottom racks.

The main engines are two diesel ones. At the same time, to service the power plant, a combined unit is required, consisting of a diesel engine with a capacity of up to 12 horsepower. The mechanical unit is controlled from the wheelhouse and engine room.

Power supply of the ship

"Meteor" is a motor ship for which two running DC generators are considered the main source of electricity. Their power is one kilowatt at stable and normal voltage.

There is also an automatic machine for the simultaneous operation of batteries and a generator. There is also an auxiliary generator that is used directly to power consumers.

Specifications

Passenger motor ship "Meteor" has enviable technical characteristics. The empty displacement is 36.4 tons, and the total displacement is 53.4 tons.

The length of the vessel is 34.6 meters, width is nine and a half meters with a span of the structure with hydrofoils. The height when parked is 5.63 meters, when flying on the wings - 6.78 meters.

Draft also differs when parked and while on the wings. In the first case, 2.35 meters, in the second - 1.2 meters. Power ranges from 1,800 to 2,200 horsepower. "Meteor" can reach a maximum of 77 kilometers per hour, as a rule, it is operated at a speed of 60-65 kilometers per hour. The vessel can sail about 600 kilometers autonomously.

One of the disadvantages of "Meteor" is fuel consumption. Initially, it was about 225 liters per hour, but thanks to the use of new modern engines, it is now possible to significantly reduce it - by about 50 liters of fuel per hour.

The crew is small - only three people.

Countries of distribution of "Meteora"

At present, the serial production of Meteors has been discontinued, so new vessels of this type do not appear any more. But their exploitation continues today. In particular, they are used by the river fleet of the Russian Federation, they are also common in other countries.

They can still be seen in Hungary, Greece, Vietnam, Italy, Egypt, China, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

These river hydrofoils were actively used in Bulgaria until about 1990, in Latvia until 1988, in Ukraine until 2000, in the Netherlands until 2004, and in Germany until 2008. Now in these countries they have been replaced by more modern vehicles.

Safe travel

Fascinating river trips and walks are organized today using the "Meteor". Safety on the ship for passengers is guaranteed by a special control system and regular thorough maintenance of all devices and mechanisms. Therefore, we can say with confidence that, going on a voyage on "Meteor", you risk nothing.

You can ride this river boat in different parts of the country. For example, excursions from St. Petersburg to Peterhof and back are very popular today. The motor ship sets off along the picturesque places of the Neva, tourists can enjoy the amazing beauty of Northern Palmyra. And everything is done for the convenience of people, it is not even necessary to spend time in line at the box office, it is enough to buy a ticket online.

This high-speed river motor ship will delight you with a smooth ride, which is provided by powerful and reliable modern engines. On board each vessel there are systems for radio navigation control, communication and, of course, air conditioning.

In three comfortable cabins, passengers are protected from any whims of nature. In soft armchairs that take the form of a tourist, they can fully relax, have a snack, using the folding wooden tables hidden in the armrests.

Round tables made of natural wood, which are much larger, are also installed between the chairs. They will come in handy if you are traveling in a friendly company on the way.

Service for tourists

It should be noted that today these vehicles are mainly used for tourism purposes. Therefore, they organize the most comfortable pastime. Great attention is paid to the service.

Companies organizing such river cruises provide a full range of services, providing everything that a vacationer may need. For example, travel services, which include not only the transportation and accommodation of passengers, but also the organization of full meals, exciting entertainment programs and educational excursions.

Using a convenient form for booking tickets for these river ships on the Internet, you will not only save time, but also fully enjoy an unforgettable journey along the great rivers of Russia.

Many fascinating and useful facts are devoted to the Meteor vessel, which will not only broaden your horizons, but also make your trip on this boat even more exciting.

Most of them are collected in a book called "Winged, which combines all the most interesting about this unusual type of water transport.

For example, one of the captains of the ship "Meteor", which moved on hydrofoils, was the famous Hero of the Soviet Union, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, Mikhail Devyatayev. Fighting against the German fascist invaders, he was captured, but managed to free himself and even hijack an enemy bomber.

A successful escape was carried out in February 1945 from a concentration camp located in Germany.

And in 1960, the new ship was demonstrated to the head of the Soviet Union Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. The famous aircraft designer Andrei Tupolev, who was present at the same time, was so impressed by what he saw that he even asked the chief developer, Alekseev, for permission to jointly control the ship.

Today the Meteor is replaced by the Lena passenger ship, which is also produced at the shipyard in Zelenodolsk. In the future, this project is being developed at a shipyard located in Khabarovsk. It is capable of covering a distance of 650 kilometers. At the same time, it develops an average speed of up to 70 kilometers per hour. It can accommodate 100 passengers or 50 for VIP accommodation. And the crew is only 5 people.

Meteor is a series of river passenger hydrofoils. They are reliable, economical, high-speed vessels. As of 2017, Russia is the only country in the world that has resumed serial hydrofoil vessels, preserving and improving the technology for the design and construction of ships.

Description:

Meteor is a series of river passenger hydrofoils developed by Rostislav Alekseev.

The first experimental "Meteor" was launched in 1959. Serial production of "Meteors" was established at the Zelenodolsk shipyard named after. A. M. Gorky. From 1961 to 1991, more than 400 motor ships of this series were built.

The history of the creation of these ships dates back to the early 1940s, when, while still a student, Alekseev became interested in the topic and in 1941 defended his thesis project on the topic "Glisser on hydrofoils".

Alekseev's project used the effect low-submerged hydrofoil (Alekseev effect). Alekseev's underwater wing consists of two main horizontal bearing planes - one in front and one behind. The dihedral angle at toe is either small or absent, the weight distribution is approximately equal between the front and rear planes. Submerged hydrofoil, rising to surface, gradually loses lift, and at a depth approximately equal to the length of the wing chord, lift approaches zero. It is due to this effect that a submerged wing is not able to fully surface. At the same time, a relatively small hydroplaning (sliding on the surface water) the wing liner is used to assist in the "exit to the wing", and also does not allow the vessel to return to the displacement mode... These wheel arch liners are located in close proximity to the A-pillars and are installed so that they touch the surface of the water on the go, while the main wings are submerged approximately equal to the length of their chord.

Due to the different flow velocities, in accordance with the Bernoulli equation, a vacuum is created on the upper surface of the hydrofoil, and increased pressure on the lower surface - this leads to the formation of a lift. As the depth decreases, the pressure on the upper surface of the wing increases, because in the border zone, fluid particles are slowed down, as a result, the lifting force decreases and the vessel is stabilized.

Advantages:

- reliable, economical, high-speed vessels,

– as of 2017, Russia is the only country in the world that has resumed the serial production of hydrofoil vessels, preserving and improving the design and construction technology ships.

Technical characteristics of the hydrofoil "Comet 120M" project 23160:

The new generation marine passenger hydrofoil vessel "Comet 120M" of project 23160 is designed for high-speed passenger transportation during daylight hours in cabins equipped with aviation-type seats.

Note: description of the technology on the example of the hydrofoil vessel "Comet 120M" of project 23160.

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