A pedestrian crowd of tourists, a bright underwater world, mounted divers from all over the world - all this attracts travelers. The Russians rushed there, as on the second cottage: at least a week to rest from work and fry in the sun. We flew whole families until the airline crash in Egypt October 31, 2015 did not forced to shudder the whole country.
Tragic incident
Brish's tourist group was returned to the charter flight from Sharm El Sheikh to St. Petersburg. Despite the early morning (departure in 5.50 local time), passengers were in a great mood. They laid out the pictures of the retired holiday in social networks. It was Saturday, and on Monday, many had to plunge into someone waiting for work, someone - study.
Airbus A321-231 EI-ETJ airliner arrived from Samara, took on board 217 passengers. They and seven crew members for 12 o'clock in the afternoon were to be in the northern capital, where many were expected at the airport relatives and relatives. Differenceing in 23 minutes a given height of 9400 meters, at a speed of 520 km / h aircraft suddenly gone from radar. At 6.15 (7.15 of Moscow) the plane collapsed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Sinai Peninsula near El Arish airport - the hottest point of Egypt, where the Government troops opposed the Islamists al-Qaida.
Versions of tragedy
Meeting Flight 9268 at the Pulkovo airport with anxiously followed the scoreboard, on which the information was highlighted: "Arrival is delayed." And in the evening, the whole country knew that the wreckage of the missing aircraft was discovered by the Egyptian authorities. 13 kilometers scattered on the length, with a torn part, they were shown on television, which caused many versions of specialists about the possible causes of the catastrophe. Three were most reliable:
- Technical problems associated either with engine failure or with "fatigue" of metal. In the tail part, traces of the repair of the skin after the aircraft in 2001, when landing at Cairo airport, hurt the asphalt tail. The resulting microcrack could with a set of height cause the destruction of the aircraft.
- A plane crash in Egypt is a crew error.
- Terrorist act.
At the site of the tragedy, the Mc Commission, headed by the representative of Egypt Aiman \u200b\u200bAl-Mukkadam, began to work. It includes representatives of Russia, France, Germany, the USA and Ireland. After studying evidence and decryption, the two first versions were considered untenable.
Aircraft
A321 disasters over the Sinai Peninsula became the largest in the history of Egypt and modern Russia. The airbus belonged to Cogalymavia, which was thoroughly verified. It was found that after the emergency situation of 2001, the aircraft repair was carried out in France at the factory, after which all the necessary tests were carried out. For 18 years of operation, the liner flew less than 50% of its resource (57428 hours) and was in good condition. This is evidenced by weekly technical checks, the latter of which was carried out 26.10.2015. Side recorders did not find a failure in the work of systems. Until the 23rd minute, the flight passed quite ordinary.
Crew
Sorcellaneous crew commander Valery Nemov is a graduate Schaulevsh (Stavropol Military School). He is one of the few who in the difficult 90s reappeared on the "Airbus" from 2008, having 12 thousand hours of the bell, which indicates his colossal experience. The second pilot also came from military aviation, being a veteran of the Chechen campaign. After retirement, Sergey Trukhachyov reincursed to the A321, having passed the preparation in the Czech Republic. Flew on them for more than 2 years. The total tax amounted to 6 thousand hours. Both pilots were in a good invoice in their airline. Nova was even prematurely called from vacation to send to the infamous flight 9268.
Official version
Two weeks after the tragedy, the version of the terrorist attack officially announced the head of the FSB during a meeting with the President of the Russian Federation. In confirmation of their words, he led the following evidence:
- American satellites recorded a thermal outbreak over Sinai during a catastrophe, which speaks about the explosion happened on board the aircraft.
- The fragment of the fuselage has a hole with a diameter of about one meter. Her edges will be arched out. This indicates that the source of the explosion was inside.
- When deciphering the recorder fixing the negotiations, an extraneous noise of which can be heard before interrupting the recording, the character of which can be attributed to the explosive wave.
- A plane crash in Egypt caused a large public resonance. After a while not only recognized responsibility for committing a terrorist attack, but also on the pages of Dabig magazine posted a photo of the homemade explosive device (STU).
- Parts of the dead were detected injuries, testifying to the death of the explosion (burns, tissue breaks).
- In fragments of fragments, baggage and on the body of the victims found traces of explosives - TNT molecules.
The power of the explosion was estimated at 1 kilogram of the presumptuous location of the airfield - the tail of the aircraft. For the explosive wave moved forward, but the felt of the fuselage prevented its further advancement.
A plane crash in Egypt: Who is to blame?
After the emergence of the Russian version it became known that 17 employees were detained at Egypt's airport. The main question was one thing: "How did the light be on the side of the liner?" The FSB began studying the biographies of 34 passengers (11 men and 23 women), on the body of which turned out to be the molecules of TNT. But official Egypt soon stated that there is no evidence for an unequivocal statement about the terrorist attack on board the aircraft. None of the employees were really arrested. Russian authorities announced a remuneration of $ 50 million for any information about terrorists.
Only in February 2016, official recognition of the terrorist attack sounded from President Egypt. It was found that the bomb was made of a plastic used to create combat shells. It is powered by a clock mechanism. A plane crash in Egypt October 31, 2015 showed that the security system at the airport does not meet international standards. I could get on board with a firm supplying products, through employees who have access to the runway, as well as through manual jack During luggage check. The latest data is such that was in the cabin in close proximity to the site 31a. All these facts led to a ban on selling tours to rest in Egypt.
Passengers of the flight
EI-ETJ - the last digits of the airbus number. According to them, aviators called Bort Juliet, gentle - "Julka". In the tragic morning, she broke three aviation marriage and destroyed a young steward, who came to replace instead of a colleague from a terrible sleep. And she took the lives of 217 passengers with him, 25 of whom are children. The died in a plane crash in Egypt are whole families, dozens of destroyed love stories, babies who are never destined to become adults. This flight with parents flew ten-month Darina Gromov. Her mother's photo laid out in social network Before departure. Girl stands at the airport face to bullet band, and below signature: "Main passenger". This picture has become a symbol of a tragic flight, from which no one managed to return.
Almost all passengers are Russians, 4 people - citizens of Ukraine, 1 - Belarus. Most are residents of St. Petersburg, although there are representatives of other areas: Pskov, Novgorod, Ulyanovsk. Died in a plane crash in Egypt - people of different professions. As long as relatives were identified by the bodies, no-indulgered people formed a collective portrait of passengers, collecting information about them. A remarkable gallery was created, where there were many good words about each.
Almost a year later
On July 31, Moscow and St. Petersburg held a campaign in memory of those killed over Sinai. 9 months passed: many relatives received compensation, identified and buried their loved ones, but did not subsaf. 5.08.2016 It was a message that forty-five militants led by Abu Dua Al-Anseari, on whose fault there was a plane crash in Egypt, destroyed during a combat operation near El Arish. So I want to believe that this will never happen again!
. "The study of personal belongings and elements of the aircraft, as well as the examination revealed traces of explosive at A321," said the head of the FSB.
"According to our specialists, on board the aircraft in flight worked homemade explosive device With a capacity of up to 1 kg in a TNT equivalent, as a result of which the "rupture" of the aircraft in the air occurred, which explains the scatter of the aircraft fuselage parts at a high distance, "said Bortnikov.
On the terrorist attack, the head of the FSB reported to the President of Russia Vladimiru. The head of the country promised to find at any point of the planet and to shift the terrorists who blown up the Russian airliner A321.
Speaking at the meeting on the results of the investigation of the causes of the aircraft crash in the sky over Sinai, Putin said that it expects the assistance of other countries in the search and punishment of intruders. According to the president, should appeal for this help.
Putin also promised that all accomplices of terrorists will be brought to the answer. "All who try to assist criminals should be aware that the consequences of attempts to such acer will lie completely on their shoulders," Putin said. "I ask all our special services to focus on this work."
Two suspects are already detained, reports with reference to sources in the law enforcement agencies of Egypt. It is indicated that these are two employees of Charm El Sheikh Airport. According to preliminary data, they are suspected of helping terrorists who laid a bomb on board the aircraft.
Against the background of confirmation of the data on the terrorist attack on board the A321 aircraft, Russia will increase strikes on the militants in Syria.
"Our combat work of aviation in Syria should not be just continued. It must be strengthened in such a way that the criminals understand that retribution is inevitable, "Putin said, emphasizing that it would personally" check how work goes. "
Russian authorities also promised $ 50 million for information on terrorists involved in the terrorist attack on board the crashed A321 aircraft. "The Federal Security Service addresses the Russian and international community for assistance in establishing terrorists. The provision of information contributing to the detention of criminals will be paid a remuneration of $ 50 million, "the FSB said.
"The federal security service and measures are taken to find persons involved in this crime," added to the department.
For experts, confirmation of the version of the terrorist attack on the A321 plane did not become a surprise. According to the pilot, the hero of Russia Anatoly Knyshev, immediately after the bombing, the plane collapsed into parts: the crew and passengers died for 1-2 seconds: "An explosive decompression occurred - instant destruction, all those who were on board died. That is why there was no report of the dispatching service about an emergency, "Knyshev shared in a conversation with" newspaper.ru ".
"One kilogram of TNT is a very powerful charge, the plane was practically broken into pieces," said the pilot of the test pilot, who participated in the investigations of the military aircraft. - That is why the heat outbreak was separated from the satellite, which the Americans said about. The bomb exploded on board the aircraft was also testified by the nature and analysis of debris in a large area.
According to Gusev, Putin's statements and heads of the FSB followed only today not only due to the political situation, but also due to the investigation, which Russian counterpeople led: "Most likely, the names of the customers of the terrorist attack are already known, therefore the reward is declared for their capture" .
In addition, the expert believes that the results of the examinations did not want to voice the G20 summit before the end.
Literally on the eve of the version of the terrorist attack on board A321 confirmed the United Kingdom, and last week the media reported that the timer installed for two hours was located in the plane. In London, it is assumed that the organizer of the explosion could be Abu Osama Al Masri - the leader of the group "Vilayat Sinai", which is considered (the organization is prohibited in Russia).
Earlier, in the Kremlin, it was not hurried to officially call the terrorist attack, calling for "carefully filter" all the data on the investigation of the causes of the A321 crash in Egypt and not respond to the anonymous "strokes". Prime Minister stated that as one of the possible causes of crash russian aircraft The version of the terrorist attack is considered. Prior to this, the Russian authorities are the likelihood of the terrorist attack on board the liner rejected.
The collapse of the A321 airliner in Egypt was the largest among the victims of the terrorist attack against Russian citizens since 2004, when the school was seized in Beslan. As a result of the crash of an aircraft flying from Sharm el-Sheikh to St. Petersburg, 224 people died. When capturing the terrorists of the Beslan school in 2004, 334 people were killed.
In addition, the collapse of the Russian aircraft was the largest terrorist attack associated with aviation, starting from September 11, 2001, when, as a result of the actions of terrorists in the United States, about 3 thousand people were killed.
The largest in the history of the Russian and soviet aviation A plane crash occurred in the morning of October 31 in the Sinai Peninsula. The Kogalymavia plane, followed from Sharm el-Sheikh to St. Petersburg, crashed after 23 minutes after departure. All 224 people who were on board were killed.
Responsibility for the collapse of A321 twice took over the terrorist and prohibited organization of the organization "Islamic state". However, first in the Ministry of Transport, this information was called unreliable. Egyptian authorities also refused to recognize the terrorist attack.
For the first time that the terrorist attack could occur on board the A321, soon after the aircraft crash began to report Western media. The version of the terrorist attack was considered the "very likely" power of the United States and the UK, referring to these intelligence data.Bible - With reference to their sources reported that the bomb could bring on board the aircraft immediately before his departure. The Sunday Times even called an explosion. According to the publication, they could be Abu Osama Al Masri - the leader of the local terrorist organization "Sinai Province", which swore "Islamic state".
Flights to Egypt, after three days after the aircraft crash, forbade a number of countries and airlines, but Moscow adopted such a decision only on November 6.First, in the Kremlin, the ban on flights to Egypt so that the priority version of the crash A321 is a terrorist attack. However, later, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev said that the version of the terrorist attack is still.
On November 8, the A321 crash investigation participant reported Reuters that investigators are 90% confident that the sound recorded by the recorder in last seconds flight ,. The next day, the US intelligence stated that Russian officials, but still Moscow did not call any priority version.
Explosives with a capacity of up to 1 kg in Trotil equivalent more than enough to lead to a plane crash, RBC said the director of the Scientific Center for Economic Monitoring, Analysis and Forecasting of FSUE "State Research Institute civil aviation"Alexander Friedland. According to him, the design of the aircraft is a set of power elements and shells. If you break the tightness of these elements, the plane literally breaks, because in the cabin liner pressure as on earth and discharged overboard. "That is, the plane explodes like a ball," said Fridlyand. In his opinion, the explosive could be located in the tail part of the aircraft, probably in the luggage compartment, since this part of the A321 landed separately from the other debris.
In the whole history of domestic aviation, at least five cases of bomb explosion on board passenger airliners were recorded. Three of them occurred in the USSR, two - in the post-Soviet period in Russia
1971. Explosion on board Tu-104 in the area of \u200b\u200bVnukovo Airport
On October 10, 1971, the Tu-104 Borispolsky aircraft service of the Ukrainian Civil Air Fleet aircraft was to fulfill two flights along the route Simferopol - Moscow - Simferopol. At 19:02, the plane fully completed the flight to Moscow, landing at Vnukovo airport.
Immediately after planting the crew began prepared for the reverse flight to Simferopol.
At 20:16, the flight 773 with 18 passengers and 7 crew members climbed into the air. However, just a minute later Tu-104 stopped responding to dispatcher calls. At 20:17, the plane collapsed to the ground near the village of Baranovo Naro-Fominsky district of the Moscow region, 10 kilometers of south-west Vnukovo. All 25 people per capita died.
Tu-104B Aeroflot's company, similar to the broken. Photo: Wikipedia
The investigation found that after a second second, an explosion occurred on board after takeoff. Destroyed the left side of the fuselage and the bearing elements of the left wing, interrupted the thrust of the height and direction steering. A luggage compartment has crashed the height of the liner, a part of passenger seats threw out of the salon. After a few seconds, Tu-104 collapsed to the ground.
Survey of fragments showed the presence of signs of burning and particles of TNT. The Commission found that the bomb weighing 400-800 grams of trotyl was hidden between the rack of the seating and the wall.
The investigation could not establish who exactly was the organizer and the performer of the terrorist attack.
1973. Burst Tu-104 in Pulkovo
On April 23, 1973, the Tu-104 aircraft of the 1st Leningrad airline of the Northern Territorial Office of the Civil Air Fleet fulfilled the flight 2450 on the route Leningrad - Moscow. At 14:25 Moscow time liner with 51 passenger and 6 members of the crew flew from Pulkovo Airport.
After 9 minutes of flight 47-year-old passenger Ivan Bidyuk Pered the stewardess letter for pilots. The main thing in the ended text on four sheets was the requirement to change the course and landing in Stockholm. Otherwise, Bidyuk promised to blow up the plane.
Commander Tu-104 Vyacheslav Yanechenko Signed a disaster signal and decided to return to Pulkovo. Bortmethnica Vincent Mudnov, I received a passable weapon from the commander to neutralize the criminal, however it turned out that the bomb that the gangster kept in his hands, had a reverse action mechanism, that is, it was triggered when the button is released. Therefore, Mudnov tried to calm the criminal, convincing him that Tu-104 was already on the way to Stockholm. At the same time, the bornemaker did not give the biduka to penetrate the crew cockpit.
Tu-104 immediately after landing. Photo: Wikipedia
The deception of terrorist managed to updely before the plane went to land in Pulkovo. Realizing that he was foolished, the bidukh led the explosive device. As a result of the explosion, the terrorist and borcemaker of the dirties were killed, the heights and hydraulic systems were damaged. The front desk of the chassis was not fixed and was found when landed, so the fuselage after the land touch the nose fell on the strip and rolled along concrete. It caused fire, which was rapidly liquidated ground services. Thanks to this, there were no more dead.
A closed decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 6, 1973 for the manifestation of the courage and heroism of the Tu-104 commander Vyacheslav Yanchenko and the deceased bornemukhnika Vikenty Mudnov were awarded the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union". The remaining crew members were awarded the orders of the Red Banner and Red Star.
1973. Burst Tu-104 under the cheat
On May 17, 1973, the Tu-104 plane of the Irkutsk airline train of the East Siberian Civil Air Fleet flew from Moscow Domodedovo Airport, performing a flight 109 Moscow - Chelyabinsk - Novosibirsk - Irkutsk - Chita. Departure from Moscow took place at 18:12. After intermediate landings in Chelyabinsk and Novosibirsk, the crew changed in Irkutsk. By the time of departure, there were 72 passengers on board on board (of which 4 children) and 9 crew members.
After some time, from the side of Tu-104, the danger signal was served, and then the ship commander reported that the requirement was received from the salon.
Following this, a coded hazard signal was reappeared from the liner. Then Tu-104 disappeared from radar screens.
Tu-104-First Soviet jet passenger plane. Photo: RIA Novosti
At 10:55 local time the Mi-8 helicopter discovered the aircraft wreckage in 97 kilometers west of chita scattered strictly along the track for 10 kilometers. All 9 crew members and 72 passengers died.
Witnesses showed that the plane was observed, which exploded in the air. After that, fragments and people began to fall on the ground.
During the investigation, it was found that an aircraft hijacking attempted 32-year-old Gengis Yunus-oglu Rzaev. A man rising on board in Irkutsk had an explosive device with a capacity of 5.5 - 6 kilograms of TNT. Rzayev demanded to change the course and landing in China.
Militian employee attempted to neutralize the terrorist Vladimir Ezhikov. The guard of the order shot in Rzayev, causing a fatal injury, but the dying criminal was acting an explosive device.
2004. Burst Tu-134 over the Tula region
On August 24, 2004 at 22:30 Moscow time, the Tu-134 aircraft Volga-Aviaxpress airlines flew from Domodedovo Airport, performing flight 1303 route Moscow - Volgograd. On board were 34 passengers and 9 crew members.
At 22:54 there was a strong explosion in the tail of the aircraft. The liner torn into two parts collapsed to the ground from a height of 9500 meters. Tu-134 debris fell 2 kilometers north settlement Pacchiki Kimovsky district of the Tula region. All 43 people who were on board were killed.
During the investigation, it was found that the explosion was carried out by a 30-year-old suicide Aminat Nagayeva.
2004. Burst Tu-154 over the Rostov region
August 24, 2004 at 21:35 Moscow time The airline Tu-154 Siberia airlines flew from Domodedovo Airport, performing a flight 1047 on the route Moscow - Sochi. On board the airliner were 38 passengers and 8 crew members.
At 22:53 there was a powerful explosion in the tail part. A hole was formed in the Tu-154, drives and guidelines were interrupted, the tail part was broken off. The plane lost control and began to fall. The crew struggled to the latter, however, at 22:55 liner collapsed in the village of the village of Deep Kamensky district of the Rostov region and completely collapsed. Everyone who was on board died. A part of the debris of Tu-154 fell on residential buildings, but no one was injured on Earth.
Side recorders of aircraft Tu-134 and Tu-154, victims of wreck August 24, 2004 Photo: RIA Novosti
During the investigation, it was found that the terrorist attack was carried out by a 37-year-old suicide. Satsita Jibirkhanova.
Persons were established, in the fault of which terrorists were able to hit the aircraft. Captain Militia Mikhail Artamonov It was sentenced to 7 years in prison, a ticket speculator Armen Arutyunyan and controller Nikolay Korenkov - By one and a half years in prison.
Exactly a year ago, October 31, 2015, there was the most massive in Russia in the number of victims of the aircraft crash. Then in the north of the Sinai Peninsula, the A321 airline of the Kogalymavia Airlines. On board were 217 passengers, including 24 children, and seven crew members. All of them died. Russian authorities recognized the terrorist attack that occurred, but the international investigation has not yet been completed.
October 31, the aircraft A321 of the Russian airline "Kogalymavia" performed chartered flight From Sharm El Sheikh to St. Petersburg. The liner flew at 5:50 in the morning and after 23 minutes disappeared with radar. On the same day, the search groups of the Egyptian government found wreckage of the destroyed aircraft near the city of Nekhel in the north of the Sinai Peninsula. All those who were on board 224 people died, among them 219 Russians, four citizens of Ukraine and one native of Belarus.
Causes of crash A321
An international investigation, which leads the Egyptian aviation authorities, is not yet completed. Representatives of Russia, France, Germany, Ireland and the United States take part in it.
The first is that the terrorist attack could occur on board the A321, shortly after the plane crash began to report Western media with reference to their sources in special services and officials. From these publications, it was necessary that the US and the UK authorities considered the version of the terrorist attack of the most likely. However, in Moscow for a long time publicly distanced himself from it, calling the version of the terrorist attack of premature and urge to wait for the official results of the investigation. And only on November 6, it was decided to suspend flights with Egypt to clarify the causes of the A321 crash and evacuate the Russians there.
Officially the FSB terrorist attack that happened over Sinai only after two and a half weeks after the catastrophe, November 17. According to the department, a homemade explosive device worked in flight. Vladimir Putin at a meeting of the Security Council to find the organizers of the crash "at any point of the planet" and destroy them.
However, the authorities of Egypt even after these statements continued to insist that the most likely cause of the catastrophe was a technical problem. And only in February 2016, the President of the country Abdel Fatay al-Sisi acknowledged that the terrorist attack occurred on board A321.
In September, the Kommersant newspaper with reference to the sources reported that the International Technical Commission set the exact explosion place in the aircraft. According to the publication, the experts determined that the terrorists mined the outbuilding luggage compartment in the tail part of the aircraft, hiding the explosive device between baby strollers and wicker furniture, which tourists were carried.
Russia and the CIA believe that the explosion on board organized "Villa Sinai" (until 2014 - Ansar Beit Al-McDis), the cell forbidden in Russia the Terrorist Organization "Islamic State" (ISIL). This grouping took responsibility for the collapse A321: November 18, 2015, the propaganda magazine of the Islamic state "Dabik" published a photo of a self-made explosive device made from Schweppes sickling bank. As stated in the article, this device was powered on board A321. In August 2016, the Egyptian military about the murder of the leader "Vilayat Sinai" Abu Duaa Al-Anseari, suspected of organizing a terrorist attack.
Scandalous
Relatives of those killed in the catastrophe repeatedly complained about the course of the investigation and the process of payment of compensation. In December, lawyer Igor Trunov on behalf of 35 relatives to the Basmanny Court of the complaint about the inaction of the Head of the Investigative Committee of Alexander Bastrykina. According to a lawyer, she expressed that SC ignored two conversion of relatives. In one of them, they asked to report the number of the criminal case, recognize them by victims and acquaint the investigation materials. Another complaint concerned Ingosstrakh. In appeal, it was stated that the company was fraudulently received from the relatives of the dead statements, limiting their right to appeal to the court in order to obtain compensation. In the "Ingosstrakh", these accusations categorically rejected. And the suit to Bastrykin was rejected.
Effects
After the collapse of the Kogalymavia aircraft, Russia suspended the flight with Egypt, and the tour operators were banned in this direction. All year, they were waiting for the renewal of communications with the country, which for many years was one of the main resort directions for Russians. According to the latest data, it can happen not before December-January.
To resume flights to the Egyptian side, it is necessary to carry out a number of security requirements for airport safety (their full list officially unveiled). During the year, Russia has repeatedly sent its specialists to Egypt for inspections at Cairo airports, Sharm-Eshech and Hurghada, but every time violations. According to the sources of the newspaper Al-Vathan, which the TASS quotes, "a number russian structures Refuses to discuss the issue of the resumption of flights with Egypt to the emergence of official investigation results. "
With the closure of flights, Egypt suffered significant losses. From the collapse of tourism - one of the key industries for the country (more than 11% of GDP until November 2015) - the budget of Egypt, as evaluating Reuters lasted more than three billion dollars.
The collapse of the Russian airbus and the subsequent cessation of flights to the Arab Republic led to the problems and for the Kogalymavia itself and the BRISCO tour operator associated with it, which was the customer of the flight 9268. Since the spring of 2015, the case of recognizing the carrier by bankrupt, the next meeting will take place on November 10th. In March, Rosaviatsius limited the certificate of the Kogalymavia operator and deprived its tolerances into 13 international destinations.
The BRISCO tour operator of the BRISCO tour operator has suspended the work until the debt is repaid to customers and agencies. As reported on the Brisco website, after closing flights to Egypt and Turkey, the company suffered "colossal financial and economic losses."
