WHOSE CITY IS YURYEV?

Chronicle references to the campaign of Yaroslav the Wise to Tartu in the 1030s

In the chronicle “The Tale of Bygone Years” it is written that around 1030 of our time, Grand Duke Yaroslav Vladimirovich defeated the Chud and built the city of Yuryev. This is the date of the first mention of Tartu in written sources.
I would like to draw attention to the fact that, as follows from the text of the chronicle itself, 1030 does not correspond to the correct dating of Yaroslav’s campaign against Tartu (Kuzmin, 1977, p. 73; Vahtre, 1980, pp. 516-517). But when did this campaign take place? The chronicles say that Yaroslav began a campaign against Tartu from Novgorod (Pskov Chronicle), and after this campaign, he returned (Sofia First Chronicle). When we look at the map, we will see that Yaroslav could make a campaign to Tartu only when he already ruled in the Pskov land. Prince Yaroslav began to rule over all ancient Russian lands only when he removed the Pskov prince Sudislav Vladimirovich, who was his brother, from the road. But this event, according to the Tale of Bygone Years, happened in 1034-1036.
The chronicle does not mention whether Yaroslav’s campaign in Pskov is connected with this event, but it would probably be naive to believe that Sudislav voluntarily renounced power. We must agree with Sergei Vasilyevich Beletsky, who argued that the events in the 1030s in Pskov and Tartu are completely identical in the archaeological sense (Beletsky, 1996, p. 85). Or we can even assume that the conquest of Pskov by Novgorod and the founding of the city of Yuryev in Tartu occurred within the framework of one campaign of Yaroslav.

Traces of Yuriev in the cultural layer of the city of Tartu

Archaeological excavations in the old town of Tartu began in 1956 under the direction of Vilma Trummal (Trummal, 1964). To date, excavations have already been carried out on an area of more than 19,000 square meters in the center of Tartu. m. Thanks to many years of excavations in Tartu, general ideas about its cultural layer and ancient history cities (Tvauri, 2001).
The historical core of the city of Tartu is the fortification (Fig. 1). Archaeological excavations have made it possible to clarify that the ancient settlement covers an area of about 7000-7500 square meters. m. The site of the settlement rises a maximum of 24 m above the level of the surrounding water meadow of the river. Omovzha.
In the 13th century On the site of the ancient settlement, a stone castle of the Bishop of Tartu was built. Therefore, there are few traces of the ancient settlement left in the cultural layer. But we can say that the first fortification was built in this place in the 8th or 9th century. Most finds from this period date back to the 10th century. Immediately outside the fort, between the fort and the Omovzha River, there was a settlement. Finds from this complex (molded ceramics, jewelry, fragments of crucibles, foundry molds and other tools) are typical of the so-called Rõuge culture.
At the site, in the layer of the so-called Rõuge culture, there was a layer containing a lot of pottery of the Novgorod and Pskov types (Fig. 2). In addition, a slate whorl was also found there. Slate spindle whorls are typical finds for ancient Russian cities; in Estonia such spindle whorls are very rare finds. Particularly important finds are two arrowheads of the Scandinavian type (Fig. 2), which can be
presumably attributed to the warriors of Yaroslav the Wise. These are unique finds in the context of Estonian archaeological material.
Near the settlement, on a fairly spacious area (Fig. 1), there is a layer containing ceramics of the Novgorod and Pskov types. The thickness of this layer is 10-20 cm, in some places it reaches 70 cm. Unfortunately, there are almost no remains of houses left in this layer. But from this layer come objects typical of ancient Russian cities. For example, four slate spindle whorls and a stone cross made from Ov-Ruch slate. Two fragments of Easter eggs and a fragment of a bronze hatchet amulet were also found. In Estonia, such finds, typical of ancient Russian monuments of the 11th century, are known only in Tartu.
Thus, there are archaeological traces in Tartu that prove that in the territory of the center of Tartu there was a fortified settlement called Yuryev and a settlement next to it. The ceramics from this complex mostly correspond to Pskov ceramics of the 11th century. It can be assumed that in Yuryev the population mainly came from Pskov, and Yuryev, located on the current site of the city of Tartu, had direct contacts with Pskov.

Events of the 1060s

But you also need to pay attention to historical events, which are discussed in Russian historical literature rarely mentioned, although the founding of Yuriev in 1030 is often discussed. Yaroslav Vladimirovich died in 1054. Before his death, he divided Rus' between his three eldest sons. Kyiv and Novgorod were received by Izyaslav, who appointed Ostromir as mayor in Novgorod. Chronicles claim that around 1054 Ostromir went on a campaign against Chud, but was killed, and many Novgorodians also died in the battle. In revenge, Izyaslav himself led a campaign against the Chud and took Osek Kedipiv (First Sofia Chronicle).
50 km south of Tallinn is the village of Keava, which is mentioned in medieval sources as Kedempe (Johansen, 1951, p. 70). Archaeological research in Keava, begun in 2000, by the Department of Archeology of the University of Tartu showed that in addition to two ancient fortifications, there was a settlement there on approximately 9 hectares from the 8th-11th centuries. Thus, it was one of the largest centers of the 11th century. on the territory of Estonia. IN
middle of the 11th century this settlement was destroyed or abandoned, and a new settlement was built in a different place (Konsa, Lang, Lainemurd, Vaab, 2002). It can be assumed that this is connected with Izyaslav’s campaign.
Chronicles date Ostromir's death to 1054. But this has long been proven wrong. In 1056-1057 Ostromir wrote the famous gospel. This means that he was still alive then (Karamzin, 1816, pp. 376-377, ref. 114). Thus, the year of Izyaslav’s campaign in the chronicles to Osek Kedipiv is unlikely. Apparently, this was around 1060 (Nasonov, 1951, p. 81). Associated with this year is the mention of the event that Izyaslav made a campaign against the Sosols and forced them to pay a tribute of 2000 hryvnia. The Sosols did not pay tribute, but in the spring of 1061 they destroyed the city and settlement of Yuryev and made a campaign to Pskov (Sofia First Chronicle).
Keava was in the 11th century. one of the largest centers in northeastern Estonia. In all likelihood, the Sosols were residents of this region. Chronicles claim that Izyaslav had interests in northeastern Estonia. But the inhabitants of this region did not want to pay tribute to Izyaslav and destroyed Yuryev, Izyaslav’s stronghold in the Peipsi lands.

From Yuryev to Tartu

Archaeological material from Tartu shows that after 1061 Yuryev was not rebuilt. There are no finds at the site or settlement that can be dated to the end of the 11th or 12th centuries. On the Old Russian layer of Yuryev Posad lie layers of German medieval city, which was founded here after 1223. In all likelihood, in the 11th century. There was some kind of fortified Estonian point located on the Tartu settlement. This can be determined by the fact that the Novgorodians made a series of campaigns against Tartu in 1134 and 1191/1192. But there are no archaeological traces of the settlement of Tartu in this period.
In the 12th century. Otepää was the political and populated center of the south-eastern part of Estonia. This can be asserted based on archaeological finds from the Otepää settlement, as well as on a written source - Henry’s chronicle, written in 1225-1227. Henry wrote that the Tartu fortress was abandoned until the early 1220s, when the Germans built their fortress there.
Tartu was not a political center in the 12th century. and at the beginning of the 13th century, but still it was a very important strategic point. A road connecting north-eastern and south-eastern Estonia passed through Tartu. There were good ones in Tartu natural conditions for crossing the Omovzhuy River. This river connected Tartu with Pskov, and on the other side also with central Estonia. This location of the area in Tartu explains why the Novgorodians, and then the Germans, wanted to rule here.

During the campaign of the noble prince Yaroslav the Wise against the Estonians, a fortress was erected on the floodplain of the Emajõgi River around which fortified settlements appeared, one of which was Yuryev. These settlements were located on trade routes and were of great strategic importance.

The answer is Tartu.

This city was founded on the Omzha River. Then it received the name Yuriev, and before that the ancient Estonians settled there and the settlement was called Tarbatu. Therefore, in our time this city belongs to Estonia and is called Tartu.

The correct answer to the question is number four. This city Tartu.

The only thing is that it was renamed more than once. At first it was Yuoev, then Dorpat (Drpt), and now it is called Tartu.

Many cities had several names. The city was built and given one name, and centuries later it was renamed as a result of capture or for another reason. In Estonia, some cities also changed their names. This is how Tallinn was called Kolyvan, Revel and Lindanise. The city of Tartu changed its name twice: Tarbatu - Yuryev - Tartu. Yuryev received its name after a fortress built by Yaroslav the Wise appeared on the site of the Tarbatu settlement.

The answer is Tartu (fourth option).

Currently it is the Estonian city of Tartu. Also bore the name Dorpat. It belonged at various times to Kievan Rus, Novgorod, Denmark, Livonians, Rzeczpospolita, Germans, Russia, the USSR and now Estonia. Famous for its university, founded by the Swedes, which will be 400 years old in 2032.

Of the proposed answer options, the city of Yuryev is now called Tartu. However, under Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century, at least one more city was called Yuriev (also named after the prince, since the Orthodox name Yaroslav is Yuri) - Bila Tserkva. Thus, the cities that were built by Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century are now known as: Tartu (Estonia), Bila Tserkva (Ukraine).

Nowadays, the city in question in the question bears the name Tartu. It is worth noting that the city has undergone a name change more than once. This city was also called Yuryev, and also bore the name Dorpat, but has now become Tartu.

The city, which at first bore the name Tarbatu, was captured by Yaroslav the Wise in 1030. Naturally, he wanted to give the city a new name. In a modest decision, he named the city Yuryev (based on his own Christian name).

Until 1919, the city bore the name given to it during the capture, but Estonia was able to knock out the Red Army and returned the city a name similar to the original - Tartu. This is what the city is called nowadays.

The city of Yuryev was founded by Yaroslav the Wise in 1030. The name of the city is given in honor of the Christian name Yaroslav. The city bore this name from its foundation until 1224, then it was renamed Dorpat. Since 1993, the city has returned to its old name - Yuryev. But since 1918 it has had a name that has survived to this day - Tartu. The city is the second most populous in Estonia after Tallinn.

This city was founded in 1030 by the Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise. And they called it Yuryev (Gyurgev), because that’s what Yaroslav would be in a Christian way. Why is this city compared to modern Tartu, because it was in Tartu that excavations took place already in our time in the 20th century in 1956 and the ancient settlement of Yuriev was found. Tartu was not a political center, but it was an important strategic one.

The correct answer to the question will be exactly number four - Tartu(Estonia).

In 1030, Yaroslav the Wise founded a new city, which was named the city of Yuryev. But nowadays this city is called Tartu. This city is located in Estonia. So the correct answer is option number 4.

Yuryev-Polsky/Gergev Grad

Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky

The city of Yuryev-Polsky was founded in 1152 by the Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky on the banks of the Koloksha River.
The present road from Moscow to Vladimir is a later one, and now even runs through large forests, which previously, in all likelihood, were impassable; Moreover, not a single village reminds us that in the old days there was a dwelling here. Moscow, which was originally in the possession of the Princes of Suzdal, should have had a direct path to it. On this route, the prince founded the city of Yuryev-Polsky. From Suzdal itself to Yuryev and further along the road, the so-called Stromynka ( Stromynskaya road), numerous mounds and fortifications stretch at a close distance from each other, proving the population of this region. The Stromynskaya road from Yuryev-Polsky passed through Kirzhach, Chernogolovka, the village of Aristovskoye (Aristov Pogost), Pehra-Pokrovskoye and reached the Moscow River, which was the southern border of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. This route from Suzdal to Moscow remained the main one until the 18th century, as can be seen from the acts. Thus, from the expense lists of the monastic servants of the Suzdal Intercession Monastery who went to Moscow with hay money in 1690, it is clear that when traveling to Moscow, they stopped in Yuryev Polsky, in the village. Ilyinsky (Kolchuginsky district) we spent the night, in the village of Zheldybine (Kirzhachsky district) we fed, in the village of Stromyn we spent the night, on Klyazma we fed, in the village of Pekhre we drank kvass in passing, and then we arrived in Moscow. Two days later, we drove from Moscow back to Suzdal, fed in the village of Pekhre, spent the night in Klyazma, fed in the village of Stromyn, spent the night in the village of Khrapkov, bought bread while passing in the village of Kirzhach, fed in the village of Lodygine and arrived in Suzdal.

The Koloksha River and the fortress rampart of the 12th century.

In the chronicles, the city was originally called Gyurgev or Gergev - after the name of its founder Georgy (Yuri) Dolgoruky. The second part of the name - from the word “field”, the city stands on the Suzdal Opolye - appeared to clarify the location, due to the existence of other cities during this period:
The name of the city speaks for the fact that Yuri Dolgoruky, it seems, built it as his own residence. However, his other brainchild - Pereslavl Zalessky - turned out to be more successful. Dolgoruky didn’t really manage to live in Yuryev. Dolgoruky was captivated by the beauty of the place. He needed a stronghold among the rebellious Mary.

Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Yuryev-Polsky

See Foundation of Yuriev-Polsky.

On June 27, 1177, near the Gza River, Vsevolod Georgievich, because of the grand-ducal throne, fought with the Rostovites, led by Mstislav Rostislavich.
In 1177, Mstislav Rostislavich, uniting with the Ryazan prince Gleb, again attacked Vsevolod on the Koloksha River.
In 1177, the battle of Koloksha near Pruskova Mountain took place here. According to S. Sheremetev, on the old route from Vladimir to Yuryev, the village of Stavrovo stands near the Koloksha River, 27 versts from the city. 6 versts from Stavrov there is the owner’s village of Turino, the Volochka River flows through it, flowing into the Koloksha River on the right. Nearby is the Kakovinsky Forest tract, and near the village there is Babaeva Mountain, still called Pruskova, and near the village of Turin there is Prussian Field.
In 1211, Vsevolod III the Big Nest, on the day of Yuri II’s wedding, granted Yuri’s young wife Agafia the city of Yuryev on the Kze and Koloksha rivers for life.
After the death of Vsevolod III, the Big Nest Yuryev became the center of a small appanage principality that belonged to the grandson of Yuri Dolgoruky, Prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich. The future Prince of Yuryev Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich is at the court of his brother and Prince of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich, but then runs to the court of his opponent Konstantin, Prince of Rostov and the eldest of Vsevolod’s sons. In winter, Vladimir Vsevolodovich, not wanting to reign in Yuryev, fled to Volok and went over to the side of Konstantin, with whose support he later became the prince of Moscow.
Yuri gave Yuryev to his brother Svyatoslav. The grandson of Dolgoruky, the son of Vsevolod (and the Czech princess Mary), Prince Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich in 1212 received the city of Yuryev as an inheritance (1212 - 1238 and 1248 - 1253).
OK. 1212 - formation of the Yuryev Principality (ca. 1212 - 1345). Capital Yuriev-Polsky.
During the reign of Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich, the princely St. Michael the Archangel Monastery was founded in the city fortress.
In the fortress newly built by Yuri Dolgoruky, the white stone Church of St. George was built in 1152. The son of Vsevolod III, Svyatoslav, having become the ruler of Yuryev and its region, destroyed his grandfather’s building in 1230, since, according to the chronicle, it “had become dilapidated and broken.” In its place, by 1234, a new stone church had already been built, which the prince decorated more magnificently than other churches, for, as the chronicler says, the saints “wonderful velmi” were carved from stone outside the entire church. The Trinity chapel of the cathedral was also decorated with carved stone.

See St. George's Cathedral in Yuriev Polsky

In 1238, 1382 and 1408. Yuryev was ruined by the Tatar-Mongols.
In 1344, the Yuriev Principality became part of the Great Moscow Principality.
In 1350, Nikon of Radonezh (1350-1426), the future abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, a disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh, was born in Yuryev-Polsky.
In 1352, Yuryev suffered from a severe pestilence.
In 1382, Yuriev was taken by troops of Khan Tokhtamysh.
In 1408, Yuriev was ruined by the de facto ruler of the Golden Horde, Beklyari-bek Edigei.
1408 - Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich gave Yuryev, along with Vladimir, Pereslavl and other cities, as an appanage to the Lithuanian prince Svidrigailo Olgerdovich, who owned the appanage for about 5 months, and then left for Lithuania again.
1408 - The Yuryev-Polsky district was engulfed by a pestilence - the plague. Sources report this: “The living buried the dead in order to take their place tomorrow. People hid, the city froze. Quiet and alarming, like before a thunderstorm.”
1422 - there was a famine in Yuryev. Residents ate horses, dogs and cats. Many townspeople died.
In 1445, Prince Vasily the Dark with the Moscow army and Nizhny Novgorod governors marched through Yuryev against the Tatar leader Makhmet with his sons Memutek and Yakuba, but near Suzdal on July 6, 1445 they were defeated by the Tatars.
1445 - the approximate time of the collapse of the stone St. George's Cathedral.
In 1471, Vasily Dmitrievich Ermolin restored St. George's Cathedral. “In the city of Yuryev in Polski there was a stone church of St. George... and everything was carved into stone, and everything fell apart to the ground; By order of the Great Prince, Vasily Dmitriev assembled that church all over again and erected it, as before” (Ermolin Chronicle).
In 1477, the Moscow architect Vasily Ermolin sent a wooden sculpture of St. George as a gift to St. George's Cathedral and in memory of its restoration. Now it is on display at the City Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.
1490 - governor in Yuryev - Prince Daniil Vasilyevich Shchenya.
1493 - governor in Yuryev - Semyon Karpovich Karpov.
In 1508, Grand Duke Vasily III gave Yuryev to feed the former Kazan king Abdul-Letif (Abdul-Latif).
1519 – governor in Yuryev – Fyodor Ivanovich Karpov.
1535 - a new wooden cathedral church with a chapel of the Prophet Elijah was erected, “at the expense of Grand Duke Vasily Ioannovich.”
1550 - governor in Yuryev - Astrakhan prince Kaibula.
1548 - governor of the guard regiment in Yuryev - boyar Prince Yuri Mikhailovich Bulgakov.
In 1555, through the zeal of M.I. Kubensky, near the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Monastery, a stone fence of 40 fathoms was erected and “three large towers were built on it, with a tent top.”
1584 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Evstafievich Pushkin.
1606 - the first written mention of the Galician chety, under whose jurisdiction Yuriev-Polsky was also a member. The Galician quarter was in charge of the following cities: Belev, Galich, Karachev, Kashin, Kologriv, Kolomna, Kashira, Mtsensk, Meshchovsk, Novosil, Parfenyev, Rostov, Sol-Galitskaya, Sudai, Suzdal, Unzha, Chukhloma, Shuya, Yuryev-Zapolsky.
1608 - October 8 (18) Vladimir voivode and supporter of Vasily Shuisky T.F. Seitov set out on a campaign from Vladimir at the head of the Vladimir and Murom militias to counter the Tushino detachments. He passed through Yuryev, joined the detachment of Shuisky’s supporters, but due to the capture of Pereyaslavl by the Tushins, he left for Rostov. In Yuryev, supporters of False Dmitry II prevailed.
1608 - October 12 (22) Yuryev's embassy arrived in Tushino and took the oath to False Dmitry. False Dmitry appoints Fyodor Bolotnikov, an elected nobleman from Suzdal, as governor of Yuryev.
1608 - October 15 (25), Seitov’s detachment, which apparently included Yuryevites, was defeated near Rostov by Tushins from Pereyaslavl. The Tushins captured Rostov.
1608 - Yuryev and Pereslavl in the era of impostors - a collection point for the children of the boyars who were sent to serve.
1608/09 - in winter, Yuryevsky nobles take part in the actions of supporters of False Dmitry against supporters of Shuisky in Zamoskovye and Pomorie.
1609 - at the beginning of the year, the Administration of False Dmitry managed to curb the detachments of beaters, but the Tushino regiments of J. Mikulinsky and J. Stravinsky arrived in Yuryevsky district to collect taxes. Their people dismantled the palace volosts of Simskaya, Turabevskaya, Nekomornskaya, Skomovskaya and Lychevskaya into bailiffs and are opposing the attempts of their own king False Dmitry to distribute possessions in the district to other people.
1609 - March False Dmitry granted the son of the Kasimov king Uraz-Magmet Magmed-Murat “Yuryev-Polsky settlement, and tamga, and kobaki and all sorts of dakhods that had previously happened to Tsarevich Kaibula.” Stravinsky refused to comply with the order.
1609 - March 27 (April 6), the people of Vladimir, having received help from Nizhny Novgorod and Murom, rose up against the Tushino people.
1609 - in May, the Yuryevsky governor Bolotnikov wrote to Sapega, the military leader of False Dmitry, about the transfer of part of the Yuryevsky nobles to the side of Shuisky’s supporters who rebelled in Vladimir, and asked for help. In the same time most of residents of the district preferred to wait for the decisive victories of government troops over the Tushins.
1609 - in December, the impostor fled from Tushino. The Tushino camp collapsed.
1610 - in August Moscow swore allegiance to the Polish prince Vladislav. In response, many cities went over to the side of False Dmitry II, who settled in Kaluga, including those that had previously stubbornly fought against him, because at that time, the impostor turned out to be the only banner around which the anti-Polish movement could rally.
August 19 (29), 1610 Yuriev-Polsky again swears allegiance to False Dmitry.
1611 - governor in Yuryev - Prince Ivan Semenovich Kurakin, a native of a decaying aristocratic family, who made a career under False Dmitry I and Vasily Shuisky. Since the autumn of 1610, he was a member of the Seven Boyars, the pro-Polish government in Moscow, and belonged to that part of it that actively collaborated with the Poles.
1611, February - Prince Ivan Kurakin, governor of Yuryev-Polsky and a supporter of the Poles, learned about the gathering of anti-Polish forces in Vladimir. Together with Prince Ivan Borisovich Cherkassky, he moved to Vladimir. The leader of the rebels in Suzdal, Prosovetsky, found out about this, and sent his Cossacks to help the people of Vladimir. On February 11, in the battle of Vladimir, Kurakin was defeated, Cherkassky was captured, and his surviving people fled.
1611, March - a detachment of anti-Polish militias (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Romanov), led by Fyodor Volkonsky, Ivan Ivanovich Volynsky, Vasily Pronsky, arrived in Pereyaslavl, where they were joined by Pereyaslav militias. The combined detachment moved to join the Vladimir people. Kurakin, the governor of Yuriev-Polsky, who was stationed in Kirzhach, sent a detachment against them. In the battle near Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, the anti-Polish militia won and captured many of Kurakin’s people. Kurakin leaves for Moscow. Yuryev-Polsky was burned in 1612.
1613 - for the first time the Yuryev Kozmodemyansk Church is mentioned in documents.
1616 - in June, the governor, Prince D.P., was sent to Suzdal against the Cossacks operating in Opole. Lopata-Pozharsky. He was given 476 boyar children, among whom were military men from Yuryev-Polsky. There were no major clashes with the Cossacks, because There is no information about this either in the discharge books or in the book of seunches of 1613-1619.
1621 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Metelkin.
1622 - governor in Yuryev - Sava Mikhailovich Pestrovo.
1625 - the two-story Znamenskaya Refectory Church was built, in 1792 a chapel of the Holy Prophet Elijah was built on its right side, moved here from the abolished church, and in 1814 a chapel in the name of the Kazan Most Holy Theotokos was added.
1625 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Elizarovich Bormosov.
1630 - a new cell church appears in the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Monastery, consecrated in honor of the Prophet Elijah.
1630 - the warm Pyatnitskaya Church was rebuilt on the northern border of Yuryevsky Posad.
1631 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Ivanovich Kosagov.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Kosachev.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Elizarovich Bormosov.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Vasilyevich Miloslavsky.
1635 - until 1636, the governor in Yuryev was Vladimir Ivanovich Kozlovsky.
1646 - governor in Yuryev - Karp Panteleevich Kazimirov.
1646 - in the census book for the city of Yuryev it is written: “In total, in Yuryev-Polsky there are 192 households in the settlement of townspeople and all kinds of artisans. There are 284 people in them.” In addition, church properties on the town's land are described (including the Vvedenskaya and Assumption churches). Separately, the Kremlin: “In total, in Yuryev-Polsky, on the settlement in the Kremlin City on monastic land, there are two courtyards of servants, 37 households of Bobylsky and 70 people in them (source: census book of the city of Yuryev-Polsky 1646 (RGADA, F. 1209 op. 1)).
From 1647 to 1649, the governor in Yuryev was Taras Stepanovich Suvorov.
From 1649 to 1652 incl. governor in Yuryev - Sila Ivanovich Ogarev.
1652 - a new wooden Church of the Resurrection of Christ was built in Yuryev-Polsky Posad. The previous one, standing in the same place, has been known since the first floor. XVII century
1653 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Mikhailovich Sekirin.
1654, December 1-6 - pestilence in Yuryev Polsky, 1148 people died, 409 survived (source: Additions to the Historical Acts, collected and published by the Archaeographic Commission. Volume 3. St. Petersburg, 1848).
1664 - governor in Yuryev - Semyon Nashchokin.
1665 - governor in Yuryev - Prokofy Semenovich Mertvago.

1666 - in memory of the Monk Nikon, the miracle worker of Radonezh, the residents of Yuryev erected the Nikon Church.
1666 - the wooden church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was abolished.

1667 - by decree of the Moscow Cathedral, Yuriev Polsky was assigned to the Suzdal diocese.
In 1670, a five-domed Theological Church was built over the holy gates of the Archangel Michael Monastery.
In 1671 and 1672, the governor in Yuryev was Roman Matov.
In 1675 and 1676, the governor in Yuryev was Leonty Ivanovich Kiselev.
In 1677 and 1678, the governor in Yuryev was Grigory Afanasyevich Tregubov.
1677 - in the scribe book for the township of the city of Yuryev-Polsky it is written: “There are 192 townspeople’s yards in total, and the yard of the landowners, and the soldier’s yard, and the empty yard. There are 195 households in both. There are 594 people in them (meaning men)... Yes, in Yuryev-Polsky in the last 189 (?) year (1670), peasant children from the villages of Smerdovo, Gorodishchi and Sorogoshino came from the palace volosts... And all in Yuryev-Polsky on settlement of merchants and all sorts of residential craft people and incomers 197 households. There are 614 people in them.”
1685 - Princess Sophia and the Russian Tsars Ivan V and Peter I attended a pilgrimage in the Yuryev-Polsky Michael-Arkhangelsk Monastery.
1686 - governor in Yuryev - Grigory Afanasyevich Tregubov.
1687 - governor and governor in Yuryev - Duma nobleman Nikita Ivanovich Akinfov.
1693 - governor in Yuryev - Vasily Antipyevich Konoplin.
1700 - governor in Yuryev - Afanasy Naryshkin.
1705 - on the site of the Assumption and Nikitskaya churches, located next to the Michael-Arkhangelsk Monastery, the Church of the Annunciation was built, which existed throughout the 18th century.

In 1708 the city was assigned to Moscow province.

Plan of the city of Yuryev-Polsky, beginning. XVIII century

1708 - governor in Yuryev - Pyotr Ogarev.
1710 - On September 15, there was a big fire in Yuryev, the Nikonovsky Monastery burned down (the stone Nikonovskaya and wooden Nikolskaya churches burned down) and Gostiny Dvor.

The beginning of secular school education in Russia was made Peter I. In 1714, digital schools began to be created, into which the children of nobles, clerks, servicemen and townspeople were recruited. They had to learn “tsifiri” (i.e. arithmetic) and some part of geometry.
1716 - teachers were sent to the provinces of Russia. In the Vladimir Territory, only in Yuryev-Polsky a digital school was created, where 18 children “from the nobility” studied. The townspeople asked the Senate not to force their children to study, since they should help their parents at home.

In 1719, the vast Moscow province was newly divided into 9 provinces. These were: Vladimir, Moscow, Pereslavl-Ryazan, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yuryev-Polsk, Pereslavl-Zalessk, Tula and Kaluga provinces.
Yuryev-Polsky appointed as a provincial town Yuryev-Polish province Moscow province. The province included the cities of Shuya and Lukh.

1722 - nuns from the Intercession Monastery were transferred to the Nikolo-Vvedensky Monastery.

1727 - Yuryev becomes the center of the Yuryev-Polsky province of the Moscow province.
1730 (c.) - Bishop Athanasius of Suzdal and Yuryevsk (Paisios Kondoidi, d. 1737) annexed the Assumption and Annunciation city churches to the St. George Cathedral.
1735, on October 10, the shopping arcade burned down for the second time, and in 1856 it was rebuilt.
1736 - “under the rector, Archimandrite Leonty, the entire fence was built of stone and there were four small towers along it” (previously, see 1555).
1763 - construction of the Vvedensky Church began (finished in 1766).
1763 - St. George's Church and the archimandrite building were erected on the territory of the Archangel Michael Monastery.
1763 - Catherine II gave the Decree to the Commission on Stone Construction to develop new regular plans for all cities. A similar plan was drawn up for Yuryev.
In 1767, the head of the city of Yuryev-Polsky was Dmitry Bakhmetev. See Order from the merchants of the city of Yuryev-Polsky in 1767
1780 - the Ascension Cemetery Church was built at the expense of the residents of Yuryev.

Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky

The coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky was approved along with the rest of the coats of arms of the Vladimir governorship on August 16, 1781.

Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky

Description of the coat of arms:
in the upper part is the coat of arms of Vladimir; in the lower part “in a silver field of natural color there are two boxes filled with cherries, which this city abounds in.”
Materials from an article by O. Revo in the journal “Science and Life” No. 12, 1987 were used.

In the second half. XIX century a draft coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky was drawn up according to the rules developed by B. Kene. In a silver field there are three cherry berries with cuttings and leaves. In the free part is the coat of arms of the Vladimir province. The coat of arms was not officially approved.
The image of the coat of arms was reconstructed from the badge issued by the Moscow ETPK.

1781 - in Yuryev-Polsky, a high four-tier bell tower in the classicist style was added to the western porch of St. George's Cathedral, replacing the old hipped one.
1785 - The Holy Vvedensky Yuryevsky Monastery was surrounded on three sides by a stone fence at the expense of the Yuryev merchant Peter Kartsev.
1789 - April 16, the Church of the Intercession was flooded during the flood of the Koloksha River.
1792 - construction of the St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral began (finished in 1806).
1792 - cold stone church on the former. Kosmodemyansky Lane (now Avangardsky Lane) was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of Christ. The side chapels, also cold, were consecrated in the name of St. Martyrs Paraskeva and St. unmercenaries Kozma and Damian.
1792 - construction of the warm Boris and Gleb Church began next to the cold Church of the Nativity of Christ (construction was completed in 1808).
1792 - the first gymnasium was opened in Yuryev-Polsky.
1794 - Yuryev merchant Dmitry Mikhailov Kurbatov and other citizens were allowed to renew the Peter and Paul Church without violating the throne.
1796 - in May, the restoration of the Yuryev merchant D.M. was consecrated in Yuryev. Kurbatov old wooden church of Peter and Paul.
1796 - a single-altar church was built next to the Church of the Intercession in honor of the martyr Nikita.

Yuriev Vicariate

The Yuriev Vicariate of the Vladimir Diocese was established in 1907.
On November 23, 1907, Emperor Nicholas II approved the report of the Holy Synod “On the establishment in the Vladimir diocese at local funds of the department of the second vicar bishop, with the naming of him Muromsky and with the renaming of the first vicar Bishop of Yuryevsky and on the existence of the rector of the Tver Theological Seminary, Archimandrite Eugene, as bishop Muromsky."
- Alexander (Trapitsyn) (November 23, 1907 - May 29, 1912).
- Evgeny (Mertsalov) (June 14, 1912 - November 17, 1919).
- Boris (Sokolov) (November 21 - December 9, 1919)
- Hierotheus (Pomerantsev) (January 8 - July 3, 1920)
On July 3, 1920, Bishop Ierofey (Pomerantsev) of Yuryevsk was transferred to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk diocese, after which he became known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Yuryevsky, which meant the abolition of the vicariate.
Revived in 1930
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (January 13, 1931 - April 14, 1932)
- Pavel (Chistyakov) (April 14 - June 23, 1932)
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (June 23, 1932 - August 1935)
- Alexander (Toropov) (August 26 - September 8, 1935)
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (September 1935 - March 30, 1937)
After 1937 it was not replaced.
See Diocese of Alexander. In 1837, after moving from the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky, the heir, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, arrived on May 12 in Yuryev-Polsky at 12 o'clock at night. The Kiev Hussar Regiment, located here, took up a guard of honor at the Tsarevich’s apartment. Early in the morning of May 12, the Sovereign Heir prayed in the ancient St. George Cathedral, built in the 13th century, examined its ancient (13th century) stone cross with the crucifixion of the Lord and received the local district leader of the nobility A.I. Pushkevich, with nobles and other district officials. I examined the sights of the city - the Kremlin, fenced by an ancient earthen rampart in which the cathedral and the Arkhangelsk Monastery are located. looking at the Lipetsk field and the banks of the Kzy (Gza) river, which were in the 12th and 13th centuries. the site of the great battle between the Suzdalians and the Novgorodians with their princes, at 7 o’clock in the morning he deigned to set off on his further journey through Gavrilovsky Posad (Suzdal district) to Suzdal.
In 1854, the Yuryevsk Society of Agriculture was established.
The Yuryevsk Society of Agriculture, according to its charter, annually, at its annual meeting, organized private exhibitions of rural works and agricultural industry in the meeting places of this regular meeting: the district mountain. Yuryev-Polsky; the village of Veski, the patrimony of the president of the society, Privy Councilor V.V. Kalachova; village of Ratislovo, estate of the vice-president of the company N.N. Tsvileneva; village of Zavalina (Pokrovsky district), estate of an honorary member of the society, senator, lieutenant general N.I. Kruzenshtern. At these exhibitions, tests of agricultural machines and agricultural tools were carried out, competitions for plowmen and the distribution of awards to hardworking and sober workers.
In 1854, an exhibition of rural and urban works was held in the city of Yuryev-Polsky - on the occasion of the opening of the Yuryev Agriculture Society.
In 1861, an exhibition of rural works and industry was held in the province. Vladimir, organized by the Yuryevsky Society of Agriculture.

In 1873-1877. Trading rows (Gostiny Dvor) were built on retail space on the site of the burnt building of the Gostiny Dvor from Catherine's times. There is no courtyard in the Trade Rows. Along the rows there is a wooden gallery with carved columns.
See Yuryev-Polsky shopping arcades

1874 - in July, the Vvedensky Convent was officially transferred to the Peter and Paul Church and renamed Peter and Paul.
1874 - the position of a police supervisor was established in Yuryev.
1877 - construction of stone shopping arcades was completed.
1877 - June 17 - Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Avdulina received permission from the governor to open a photo workshop.
1877 – in July, recruitment of militia warriors.
1877 - September 21 - Nikolai Petrovich Burdaev received a certificate for the right to practice photography.
1877 - several dozen captured Turkish soldiers who were captured during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877 - 1878 settled in Yuryev-Polsky for six months.
1879 - in Yuryev, in a house purchased specially for this purpose, a public school was opened (Naberezhnaya St.).
Since 1912, city schools were renamed higher primary schools. Higher primary schools consisted of 4 classes with a one-year course in each. They accepted children who had completed primary school.
Exhibition of rural works and industry on August 9, 1879 in the village of Ratislav (Yuryevsky district) - on the occasion of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Yuryevsky Society of Agriculture.
1879 – October 17, a telegraph line was opened in Yuryev.
1880 - On November 13, the Yuryev 3-grade City School was opened.
1880 - Moscow merchant Kosma Prokhorov of the 1st guild founded a dyeing and finishing production in Yuryev-Polsky. Transferred to Tver province in 1891.
1881 - On January 27, the Committee of Ministers in St. Petersburg approved the “Partnership of the Yuryev-Polish Manufactory”, established by K. Prokhorov and his sons.
1881 – at the end of October, the construction of the stone building in which the warping room was located was completed.
1881 - On November 6, the charter of the Yuryev-Polish Manufactory Partnership was approved.
1881 – the Avangard weaving and finishing factory was founded in Yuryev. Before 1917 - three small scattered factories. They were merged into one enterprise in 1918 after nationalization. In 1981 she was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
1882 - in the spring, construction began on a house across the river for the city three-year school on the lands of the former. Borodulin and Pashkov.
1882 - by the beginning of the school year, the public school moved to a new building.
1883 - the famous Ivanovo poet Alexander Nikolaevich Blagov was born. In 1915 - 1916 lived in Yuryev-Polsky, where he worked at the textile factory of the Ovsyannikovs and Ganshin. At this time, he wrote one of his interesting works, “10 Letters to a Friend,” in which he vividly showed the life of provincial Yuriev at that time.
1883 - in September the construction of the City Social Club in the City Garden was completed.
1884 - On May 5, the foundation stone of the Nikolo-Nikonovskaya Church took place in the city of Yuryev, under Archimandrite Modest, Archpriest Uspensky and parish priest Alexander Minevrin.
1885 - an independent parish was established at the cemetery Church of the Ascension. Until this time, services were performed by city parish priests on alternate weeks. Services were very rare and the temple was in a very poor position.
1885 - On October 27, the Nikolsky chapel in the Nikolo-Nikonovsky Church in the city of Yuryev was consecrated with a huge crowd of people...
1885 - the first strike of factory workers of the Yuryev-Polskaya Manufactory Partnership occurred, caused by a decrease in prices and an excessive increase in the number of fines.
1885 - to supply his weaving enterprise with cheaper fuel than firewood, merchant K. Prokhorov began to develop and extract peat in the Nenashevsky swamp.
1886 - with the assistance of a peasant from the village. Petrovskoye, Yuryevsky district, Grigory Lavrentievich Karzov, inside the Peter and Paul Monastery, on the eastern side, a wooden building intended for a dormitory was built. Later, a parochial school was opened in it. (source: "Church Gazette" dated November 28, 1892)
1886 – October 13, 14, the warm cemetery church was consecrated in the name of St. Apostle. Peter and Paul and Sergius of Radonezh.
1886 - On October 17, the establishment of the Partnership “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1896 - The Ganshins erected a building for 250 machines, which for a long time bore the name “raspberry plant”.
1887 - On January 23, the Factory and Trade Partnership “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1887 - in September Yuriev visited the circus of the peasant of the Ekaterinoslav province D.O. Kamchatny.
1887 - in October, the Ganshins bought a dyeing factory from the Pashkov sisters on the Gze River in Yuryev.
1887 - a special commission, formed at the request of the Imperial Archaeological Commission at the Imperial Academy of Arts, recognized the need to make a thorough inspection of the condition of St. George's Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky. Academician V.V. was entrusted with this task. Suslov. Based on the results of the commission’s activities, a project for the restoration of the cathedral was drawn up.
1888 - in Yuryev-Polsky, the first printing press in the city was opened by official A. Nartsisov. At first it was located in Zaryadye, on the lower floor of the owner's house (now it is house number 12 on Sovetskaya Square). The establishment was very small, and they were mainly engaged in performing petty work: printing advertisements, tickets, cards, addresses and forms, and occasionally printing one-day anniversary newspapers.
1888 - a dyeing factory was built on the Gze River.
1889 - The Ganshins bought an old, neglected dyeing establishment on the banks of the Gza River.
1889 – under Petropavlovsk convent opened a school for 37 girls with money donated by Paraskeva Karzova, a peasant woman from the village of Petrovskoye. On September 24, the parish school at the Ascension Church in Yuryev was consecrated.
1889 - a strike broke out among factory workers of the Yuryev-Polskaya Manufactory Partnership, associated with low prices and unfair fines.
1891 - at the Central Asian exhibition the company A.M. Ganshina received a gold medal.
1891 - in September, an artesian well was built at the dyeing factory of the Partnership.
1891 - famine! There is a crop failure in almost all of Russia...
1892 - severe cholera throughout Russia...
1892 - a weavers' strike took place at the Prokhorov manufactory of Yuryev-Polsky.
1892 - an amateur choir was formed at the Church of the Intercession of Yuryev-Polsky, consisting of people from different occupations. It was headed by veterinarian N.I. Lyubimov.
1892 - On September 25, a women's parochial school was opened at the Peter and Paul Monastery.
1892 - the Belkovo - Yuryev-Polsky railway line was built.
1892 - construction of a bell tower about 60 meters high began in the Peter and Paul Convent (finished in 1902).
1892 - in Yuryev-Polsky, the city Regulations on elections to the Yuryev City Duma were adopted. According to it, the voters were nobles, landowners, kulaks, merchants, and high-ranking officials. Workers, peasants, artisans, artisans, and townspeople did not have the right to vote or be elected. Persons under 25 years of age and women did not have the right to vote. If the latter owned anything, they voted through men by proxy. Some officials, clergy, prosecutorial supervision, police, defendants, those removed from office, declared insolvent, deprived of clergy or civil rank, supervised (political), tavern keepers, and persons with a history of tax arrears did not take part in the elections.
1892 – a society of banner bearers was established in the city of Yuryev.
1892 - in April there was a weavers' strike at the Prokhorovskaya manufactory.
1893 - On May 18, the Voluntary Firefighting Society arose in the city.
1893 - On October 11, at 1 o’clock on Monday, a memorandum was submitted ... in St. Petersburg to His Excellency Mr. Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte on a petition to conduct railway to Yuryev.
1894 - On June 1, the highest permission was given to approve the construction of a railway to the city of Yuryev.
1895 – On August 6, the foundation stone of a railway station in the city of Yuryev took place.
1895 - on the site of an old dyeing establishment on the banks of the Gzy River, the Ganshins built a wooden building designed for 80 machines with a steam engine.
1895 - the future Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel General of Artillery Nikolai Sergeevich Fomin, was born in Yuryev-Polsky. He died in 1987. He was buried at the Troekurovskoye cemetery in Moscow. One of the streets of Yuryev-Polsky bears his name.
1896 - a railway line was opened from Aleksandrov to Yuryev-Polsky.
1896 - products of Yuryev-Polsky enterprises took part in the All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod.
1896 - in November there was a fire at the dyeing and finishing factory of the Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S.
1896 - On December 17, the mechanical weaving factory of the T-va “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1896 – On December 21, passenger traffic was opened along the Yuryev-Polskaya branch of the railway to the city of Yuryev.
1897 – construction of a three-story stone building was completed, the first floor of which was intended to house weaving machines, the second floor for winding machines, and the top floor for warping and sizing machines.
1897 – the first general population census of the Russian Empire was carried out. According to it, the county had 92,629 inhabitants (41,230 men and 51,399 women). For 1 sq. per verst there are 35.1 inhabitants (in the Vladimir province - 35.4 inhabitants). 43% of men and 10% of women were literate.
1898 - in May, the foundation stone of the bell tower took place in the Peter and Paul Nunnery in the city of Yuryev.
1898 - in June the house of V.V.’s heirs burned down. Ganshina.
1898 - an almshouse was founded at the Peter and Paul Convent, where 7 women received shelter.
1898 - On March 9, in St. Petersburg, a personal highest decree of Emperor Nicholas II was issued to the Minister of Railways, allowing the Moscow-Yaroslavl-Akhangelsk Railway Company to connect the Teikovo station and the Yuryev-Polsky station with a continuous rail track.
1898 - On October 22, the section of the railway connecting Yuryev-Polsky with the Belkovo station was put into operation.
1898 - Yuryev merchant Pyotr Ivanovich Abrosimov was elected mayor of Yuryev.
1899 - On November 27, a train departed from Yuryev-Polsky for the first time to the city of Teykovo.

City Men's School:
Honorary trustee – merchant. Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin.
Inspector-teacher – super. owls Igor Mikhailovich Kirillov. Teacher of the law - Rev. Alexander Egorovich Znamensky. Teachers: Vasily Aleksandrovich Albitsky; Mikhail Ivanovich Rakhmanov; arts - Nikolai Pavlovich Kostyukov; crafts - Vasily Vasilievich Khrameev.

City parish boys' school:
Trustee – purchaser Nikolai Aleksevich Ganshin. Teacher of the law - priest. Ivan Dmitrievich Kosatkin.

City Primary School:
Trustee – Nikolai Alekseevich Bulygin. Teacher of the law - priest. Alexey Alekseevich Belyaev. Teacher - Dmitry Mikhailovich Lushnikov.

City Primary Girls' School:
Trustee - Plageya Pavlovna Ganshina. Teacher of the law - Rev. Ivan Grigorievich Dobrokhotov. Teachers: Vera Afanasyevna Yakovlevskaya; Anna Aleksandrovna Gromova; Antonina Fedorovna Elnykina.

Peter and Paul Women's Parish School:
The guardian is Abbess Claudia. Teacher of the law - priest. Alexander Nikolaevich Likharev. The teacher is Maria Ivanovna Yuditskaya.
Ascension parochial school:
Trustee – purchaser Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin. Teacher of the law - priest. Sergei Ivanovich Izvolsky. The teacher is a deacon. Fedor Grigorievich Dobrokhotov.

District School Council:
The chairman is the district chairman of the nobility. Members: district police officer; teacher-inspector of a city school; prot. Alexander Egorovich Znamensky; above owls Pyotr Porfirievich Kosatsky; purchase Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin; purchase Petr Ivanovich Abrosimov.
Inspector people. schools - stat. owls Dmitry Semenovich Ilyenkov.

Medical staff:
City doctor - nadv. owls Alexey Alekseevich Uspensky.
City midwife - Alexandra Aleksandrovna Goryainova. District doctor - count. owls Yuri Nikolaevich Novikov.
Zemstvo doctors: 1 school. – Pyotr Dmitrievich Sukhov; 2 lessons – Vasily Irinarkhovich Soloviev; 3 lessons – Dmitry Nikolaevich Zbritsky; 4 lessons – Vasily Kuzmich Krechetov; 5 lessons - Vladimir Ivanovich Alexandrovsky.
Midwives: 1 school. – Anna Petrovna Gloziorova; 2 lessons – Lyudmila Ardalionovna Veselovskaya; 3 lessons – Ekaterina Pavlovna Tikhomirova; 4 lessons Sofya Florentievna Voznesenskaya; 5 lessons Evdokia Alekseevna Troitskaya.

Zemsky hospital:
Doctor - Nikolai Petrovich Gloriozov. Midwife - Anna Petrovna Gloriozova. Paramedic: Ivan Davidovich Gubanov; Egor Vasilievich Nikolaichev; Pavel Nikolaevich Orlov; Mikhail Stepanovich Makarevich.
Pharmacist - pharmacist Sergei Ivanovich Shchelokov.
County veterinarian- Daniil Borisovich Kulik.

Yuryevskaya postal and telegraph office: Chief – supervising. owls Vladimir Ilyich Lebedev. Assistant is a title. owls Nikolai Alexandrovich Albitsky.

1900 - a factory of agricultural implements was built in Yuryev. Its owner was a peasant from the village. Volstvinovo Ksenophon Dmitrievich Kornoukhov.
1900 - On November 29, the first strike of Ganshin workers broke out (137 people went on strike for three days).
1901 - opening of the Yuryev-Polish brick factory.
1902 - January 1, the famous Yuryev industrialist and mayor N.A. Ganshin was awarded a gold medal on the St. Andrew's ribbon for his active participation in charity events.
1902 - Pyotr Ivanovich Abrosimov was re-elected mayor of Yuryev.
1903 - Yuryev-Polsky was visited by the world famous artist N.K. Roerich. Here he painted 4 sketches with views of St. George's Cathedral.
1903 - member of the bureau of the Northern Committee of the RSDLP, professional revolutionary Andrei Andreev (Stepan) established connections with workers' organizations in many cities of the Vladimir province, including Yuryev-Polsky, and distributed a significant number of illegal publications in the area of his activity.
1903 - a Social Democratic circle arose in Yuryev.
1904 - in December there was a strike of workers at the Yuryev-Polskaya manufactory factory.
1904 - the almshouse building was built. Gennady Ivanovich and Evgeny Ivanovich Meshcherin. Hereditary honorary citizen G.I. Meshcherin donated capital to establish an almshouse for 80 people in need.
06/22/1904 - “The residents of Yuryev warmly saw off their fellow countrymen to the war. The report of the Yuryev district police officer to the governor noted that on June 22, 1904, after a prayer service in St. George’s Cathedral, the reserves were sent to the Military Presence for examination, and then they were offered lunch from the Yuryev voluntary fireman society. In the evening, the soldiers began to leave in batches for Moscow, and order was not violated anywhere."
1905 - April a district zemstvo library was opened in Yuryev.
1905 – On August 25, construction began on the warm three-altar Trinity Cathedral Church.
1905 - During October, two rallies were held in the city.
1906 - a strike broke out at the Ganshin weaving factory.
1906 - On the evening of June 4, a demonstration took place with a red banner and the singing of revolutionary songs.
1906 - a building with overhead lighting for 108 machines was built at the Ganshin factory.
1906 - On September 15, the zemstvo library began operating in Yuryev, opened on the initiative of the veterinarian Dianin.
1906 - opening of a private women's gymnasium in Yuryev by Serafima Ivanovna Blagonravova.
1906 - Yuryevsky manufacturer N.A. Ganshin was elected Chairman of the City Duma.
1907 - elections to the III State Duma took place. The rector of St. George's Cathedral in St. George's Cathedral, priest Alexander Znamensky, was elected one of the deputies from the Vladimir province.
1907 - in August, Serafima Ivanovna Blagonravova opened a private women's gymnasium in Yuryev (one-story building, Naberezhnaya Street). 40 students entered the first two classes. Subsequently, with the support of the zemstvo and the City Duma, the founder opened another gymnasium class every year.
1907 – On September 2, the foundation stone of the Trinity Cathedral took place in Yuryev. Work began back in 1905.
1907 - appearances for secret meetings of revolutionaries appear in Yuryev-Polsky.
1908 - the Yuryev-Polish printing house was sold to the Ganshin family by its former owner, official A. Nartsissov.
1909 - city for 5500 rubles. purchased for the gymnasium, whose trustee was N.A.’s wife. Ganshina, Pashkova's house.
1909 - On January 6, the Yuryev-Polsky Society of Performing Art Lovers was founded. Its founders were I.M. and P.D. Bulygins, I.D. Agrikov, A.P. Puzyrevskaya, O.V. Koritskaya, S.N. Ganshin, V.V. Gridnev.
1909 – in October, the Church of the Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated after repairs.
1909 - Russian architect and restorer Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, examining the decoration of St. George's Cathedral, was the first to suggest that in ancient times the cathedral was a single “iconographic whole.” He noticed that the disparate figures were parts of a once unified composition. He was the first to “collect” one of these compositions, “Transfiguration,” which included seven different roots scattered along the southern façade of the cathedral.
1910 - a fire destroyed the Tushnins' weaving factory. The remaining walls and land were bought by manufacturer N. Ganshin, the namesake of a famous merchant in the city. There was a well-furnished club there with a cinema, billiards and an equipped stage.
1910 - On September 21, a 3rd grade school was opened in Yuryev with a real school course, preparatory and 1st grade, and a year later a full real school was opened.
1910 – December 20, an orphanage was opened in the city of Yuryev-Polsky. It was located in a two-story house donated by merchant N.A. Kraskovsky.
1910 - on the swampy outskirts of the city, the Yuriev-Polish merchants Kurbatovs erected the first one-story building of their weaving factory for 400 looms.
In M. N. Baryshnikov’s reference book “Business World of Russia” it is written as follows: “In 1910, the heir, Alexei Ivanovich Kurbatov, and his companion, Vasily Ivanovich Terentyev, opened a weaving factory with 360 mechanical looms.”
1910 - they did not work for three days in the weaving buildings of the Ganshin factory (three hundred weavers and apprentices demanded an increase in wages).
1910 - N.A. Ganshin was re-elected chairman of the Yuryev City Duma.
1911 - in February, the City Duma petitioned the Vladimir governor for a loan to install a water supply system.
1911 - in May, the City Duma received money transfers for the installation of a water supply system.
1911 - On May 23, a prayer service was held in Ilyinsky, dedicated to the start of work on the water supply system in Yuryev.
1911 – water booths appeared in Yuryev, popularly called “pools”; There was an employee at each booth.
1911 – the 6th grade of a private girls’ gymnasium was opened.
1912 - On January 1, the water supply system in Yuryev was blessed with a large crowd of people.
1912 - On July 30, the foundation stone of the Yuryev-Polsky real school named after V.E. was completed. Kraskovsky.
1912 – there were 199 students in the private girls’ gymnasium.
1912 – the public school was transformed into a higher elementary school.
1912 - On November 2, the 1st cinema session (electric theater) took place in Yuryev at the Yuryev club, in the former house of Tushnin.

1912 - the Yuryev Vicariate was established under the administration of the Vladimir diocese. The duties of suffragan bishops included providing assistance to the bishop. In the XIX - early XX century in the Vladimir diocese there were 3 vicariates: Murom (established in 1868), Yuryevsk and Suzdal (established in 1916).

1912 - July 17, 420 strikers at the Ganshin factory demanded an increase and regulation of wages.
1912 - On January 2, the city water supply system, funded by the city, manufacturers and donors, was consecrated and opened.
1913 - the enterprises of the company of the Ovsyannikov brothers and A. Ganshin and their sons reached full bloom.
1913 - the post office moved to Vladimirskaya Street, where the postal department acquired and added a second floor to the Abrosimovs’ house (see also 1860).
1913 - On January 18, the City Duma issued a “Mandatory resolution on the construction and maintenance of sidewalks in Yuryev.” We were talking about three streets of the city - Bolshaya (1 May), Spasskaya (Shibankova St.) and Voskresenskaya (Shkolnaya St.).
1913 - The City Duma came to the conclusion that the city needed electric lighting. The installation of electric lighting in the city was carried out by Joint-Stock Company Russian electrical engineering plants Siemens and Halske.
1913 - the first passenger car appeared in Yuryev-Polsky. It was brought from Germany by Sergei Nikolaevich Ganshin, one of the sons of local manufacturer N.A. Ganshin.
1913 - a common meal was organized in the Peter and Paul convent building.
1913 - On September 7 there were maneuvers near Yuryev, troops passed through the city.
1913 - health insurance funds were organized at Yuryev factories.
1914 - On January 7, training began in the new building of the real school.
1914 - On January 7, the City Public N.A. was opened. Ganshina Bank in Yuryev.
1914 - in February, the first lighting of city streets with electricity took place.
1914 – the second floor of a private women’s gymnasium was built (Naberezhnaya St.).
1914 – construction of the Trinity Cathedral was completed.
1914 - trustee of the Yuryev-Polsky orphanage N.A. Kraskovsky was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 3rd degree.
1914 - On December 7, the women's school named after P.P. was consecrated. Ganshin in his house, donated to the city on the Koloksha River Embankment.
1915 – in January the consecration of the Trinity Cathedral took place.
1915 - November 1, a new hospital with 100 beds was opened in Yuryev-Polsky.
1916 - a big strike took place at the Ganshin factory, initiated by women.
1917 - On February 28, the first message about the overthrow of the autocracy was received through railway telegraph operators in Yuryev-Polsky. Workers of city enterprises greeted this news with a procession with revolutionary songs to the central square of Yuryev.
1917 – the women's pro-gymnasium was transformed into a gymnasium.
1917 - On August 5, the district Council of Peasant Deputies was organized in Yuryev-Polsky.
1917 - On September 12, a special committee of 12 people was created in Yuryev-Polsky. to protect the city.
1917 - the private women's gymnasium was transferred to the jurisdiction of the city government.
1917 - in September, at the Ganshin factory, a new composition of the factory committee was elected by secret ballot, headed by the Bolshevik I.Ya. Zhuravlev. The organization of a trade union among workers began.
1917 - in November the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd. Yuryevpol residents also took part in this armed uprising. One of them is a native of the village. Kumino Alexey Antonovich Dorogov, who served on the cruiser Aurora.
1917 - in Yuryev-Polsky in a building built under the leadership of engineer V.V. Gridnev on the bank of Koloksha, a three-year men's public school was opened, now better known as a “basic school”.
1918 – St. Michael the Archangel Monastery in Yuryev was closed (Newspaper “Vestnik Opolya” dated March 20, 2012).
1918 – On February 25, the new chapel of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated in the city of Yuryev.
1918 - On April 14, the second chapel in the Church of the Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated in the name of St. George the Victorious.
1918 - the factory committee insisted that the Ganshins and Ovsyannikovs vacate the houses and apartments they occupied to accommodate working families and factory organizations.
1918 - a central library was created on the basis of the district library, later renamed the district library.
1918 - in December the factory of the Ovsyannikovs and Ganshin was nationalized.
1918 - at the end of the year in Yuryev, the first current station was installed in the premises of a former church. A gas generating unit with a 43 kW dynamo was installed there. A gas-generating engine with a coal fire, confiscated from the manufacturer Ganshin, was brought from the village of Dunaevki. The old oil engine was also moved there.
On July 11, 1919, government institutions of the city were looted by a gang of the staff captain of the tsarist army, Efim Skorodumov (Yushka).
In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum was founded.

Worship cross in honor of the 850th anniversary of the city of Yuryev-Polsky at the wall of the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery. 2002

Until 2010, Yuryev-Polsky had the status of a historical settlement, however, by Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2010 N 418/339, the city was deprived of this status.

On October 15, 1956, air travel was opened passenger service on the route Yuryev-Polsky - Vladimir.
1967 - in Yuryev-Polsky and some surrounding villages, episodes of the feature film “The Golden Calf” based on the work of the same name by I. Ilf and E. Petrov (directed by M. Schweitzer) were filmed. Yuryev-Polsky appeared in the film as the town of Arbatov.

Archaeological monuments of the Yuryev-Polsky region

Archaeological monuments of the Yuryev-Polsky region.
Yuriev Principality
- City of Mstislavl, 7-10, 11-13 centuries.
- Seminskoye settlement, 11-13, 14-17 centuries.
- Old Russian settlement in Turabyevo
Stromynskaya road.

Culture

In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum (Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery) was founded.
- Exhibition “Golden Calf” - the history of the local weaving factory and the tradition of artistic embroidery.
- Exhibition “Peasantry and Agriculture of Vladimir Opole”.
- Exhibition “Artistic Wood Carving” (located in the building of the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael before its transfer to the Church) – wooden sculptures of the 15th–19th centuries.
- St. George's Cathedral - interior of the cathedral: stones not used in the reconstruction of the building, graves of princes and paintings of the 17th century.
- Observation deck and exhibition “Monastic Cell” (in the belfry building). The exhibition consists of several narrow halls with uninteresting exhibits, and observation deck There is a good view of the city and surrounding fields.
- Art Gallery(in the building of the Church of St. John the Evangelist) – Russian art of the 16th–19th centuries.
- Exposition dedicated to the life of P.I. Bagration - a museum of the famous commander of the Patriotic War of 1812.

History of Yuryev-Polsky

Foundation of the city and the Middle Ages.
The city of Yuryev-Polskaya was founded on the Koloksha River and the Gze River flowing into it in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and received its name in honor of the prince and his heavenly patron - St. Georgy (Egoriya, Yuriy). To distinguish the new city from the old Yuryev in the Dnieper region, it received the prefix “Polish”, that is, standing in the fields - in Opole. The city was surrounded by earthen ramparts with wooden walls. At the same time, the white-stone St. George Church was founded in the center of the new princely fortress city.
In the XII-XIII centuries, the role of Yuryev-Polsky was insignificant. Not far from the city in 1177, a battle took place between the Vladimir people and the Rostov people, which ended in the victory of the Vladimir prince Vsevolod III Yuryevich (Big Nest). The second major battle - the Battle of Lipitsa - took place in 1216; this time the Rostov troops won. In 1212, Yuryev became the center of a small appanage principality, the son of Vsevolod III Svyatoslav ruled here. Under him, a new St. George's Cathedral was laid on the old foundation (it has come down to us in a rebuilt form) and the Archangel Michael Monastery was founded.
Even Yuryev did not escape the Tatar-Mongol yoke: in 1238, 1382 and 1408 it was devastated by the Horde. During the strengthening of the Moscow Principality small town came under the patronage of Moscow and was more than once handed over “to feed” the princely vassals. It is known that in the 15th century it was the patrimony of the Lithuanian prince Svidrigailo, and in the 16th century - the Kazan Khan Abdul-Letif and after him - the Astrakhan prince Kaibula.

XVII-XIX centuries.
Yuryev accepted the rule of Moscow calmly. But when, during the Time of Troubles in 1609, the city was taken by Polish-Lithuanian troops and False Dmitry II intended to give it also “to feed” the Kasimov prince Magomed Murat, the Yuryevites, led by Fyodor the Red, rebelled.
After the Polish-Lithuanian devastation, Yuryev-Polskoy began to live the life of a quiet provincial town. Since 1708, it became part of the Moscow province. The status of a city was officially assigned to it already under Catherine II - in 1778; then it became the center of the Vladimir governorate district. In the county town in the middle of Opole, life was leisurely, but it left many traces on its streets and alleys. Actually, even now Yuriev attracts both tourists and filmmakers precisely because of the preservation of its ancient flavor.

There was trade in the district town - trade routes to Suzdal - the Great Stromynskaya Road - went through it. The military lived here, there were merchants and small industrialists, and the production of fabrics and yarn developed. Through the efforts of the 1st Artillery Grenadier Brigade, which was stationed here, a city park was laid out near the eastern part of the ramparts, of which now almost nothing remains except a small square with a pond and a new monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.
The War of 1812 did not leave the residents of Yuryev indifferent - the local militia was commanded by Prince B.A. Golitsyn, owner of the village of Sima, where Bagration later died from a wound received on the Borodino field.
In 1871, the city suffered a heavy blow - a severe fire that destroyed many buildings in the central part of the city - residential buildings, all the shopping arcades, and the Vvedensky Monastery. After the fire, the shopping arcades were rebuilt in stone, and in 1893 a Voluntary Firefighting Society was founded in the city with a fire station, where amateur performances and dances were held.

20th century and modern times.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Yuryev-Polskoy had up to 6 thousand inhabitants, and 13 weaving factories operated here. A women's gymnasium, a real school, and a higher elementary school were opened. In 1904, an almshouse opened. In 1913, electricity was supplied to the city; it was planned to install 80 lamps. Celebrations took place in the city garden accompanied by a firemen's orchestra. In 1906, the local intelligentsia organized the Society of Performing Arts Lovers. The political events of the country passed by the city, almost without affecting it; Only a few revolutionary protests took place in the city during this time.
Little is known about the Soviet period of Yuryev-Polsky’s life - in essence, little has changed in the lives of ordinary people. Monasteries and churches were closed, a sculpture of Lenin was installed in the city park (later it was moved to another place), collective and state farms appeared around the city, factories were nationalized and management changed. Otherwise, Yuryev has retained its appearance as a district town with shopping arcades, merchant and bourgeois houses and - what is important - with unique monuments antiquities. In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Museum of Local Lore was founded; later turned into a historical, architectural and artistic building. From 1974 to 1989 The museum was a branch of the Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve. Since 1989, it acquired the status of an independent museum.

In 1967, the film crew of the film “The Golden Calf” arrived in the city. Yuryev-Polsky had to play the role of the city of Arbatov, which he did brilliantly, and now in the frames of the popular film it is easy to recognize the streets of the city.
Now Yuryev-Polskoy attracts more and more tourists with its antiquity, silence, and the combination of natural beauty with the discreet beauty of an ancient county town with unique monuments. Earthen ramparts ancient city have been preserved even now - only they do not have a high, strong tyn on them, massive gates do not block the entrance to the Kremlin, and you can walk freely along the once strong defensive fortifications, admiring the magnificent cathedral, views of the monastery and the entire city.

Yuryev-Polsky, a city with more than 850 years of history, attracts tourists all year round. Yuryev-Polsky is part of the so-called Golden Ring of Russia, which means there is something to see here and you can recharge yourself with new impressions. So what attractions should you include on your trip?
When arriving in Yuryev-Polsky, tourists first of all strive to visit St. George's Cathedral. And they do this for a reason, since the temple, without exaggeration, is a real treasure of the city. The stone walls of St. George's Cathedral are decorated with unique carvings: ancient sculptors depicted famous biblical scenes and many Orthodox saints.

Once in Yuryev-Polsky, do not forget to visit the monument to the founder of the city - Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
Second place in the list of the most visited attractions in Yuryev-Polsky is occupied by the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery. The monastery is located on the territory of the surviving Kremlin, adjacent to three more existing churches in the city.

You can continue the tour to such attractions as the Church of the Nativity and Nikitsky Church. These Orthodox sites also have a rich history and are not inferior in beauty to other shrines.

Leaving Yuryev-Polsky, stop by the village of Sima (it is located 20 kilometers from the city). There is an equally famous attraction here - the estate of the princes Golitsyn.

Of course, you shouldn’t expect a luxurious mansion to appear before you (after all, it’s over 200 years old), but it will be interesting to get acquainted with the estate of the Golitsyn family and the museum that operates there.

Holy Intercession Church

GENERAL INFORMATION
Yuryev-Polsky (Yuryev-Polskoy) is a city (since 1152) in Russia, the administrative center of the Yuryev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region.
Population - 18,737 people. (2016).
The city is located on the Koloksha River (a tributary of the Klyazma), 68 km northwest of Vladimir and 180 km northeast of Moscow.

Name
In the chronicles, the city was originally called Gyurgev or Gergev - after its founder Yuri Dolgoruky. The second part of the name - from the word “field”, the city stands on the Suzdal opole - appeared to clarify the location, due to the existence of other cities with the same name during this period: until 1224 - Yuryev (Tartu), and from 1224 - Yuryev- Povolsky (Yuryevets), Yuryev in the Dnieper region, located in the southern patrimony of the Suzdal princes (now the city of Belaya Tserkov).

The parallelism of the names “Yuryev-Polskaya” and “Yuryev-Polsky” is recorded, in particular, in the form of two spelling options for the name of the city in the TSB. Currently, on all maps and in official documents the city is called Yuryev-Polsky.

Shopping arcades

Story
The city was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky. By his order, an almost circular fortress was built, which was surrounded by earthen ramparts up to 7 m high that have survived to this day, with wooden walls. In the center of the fortress, St. George's Cathedral was erected in 1234.

Since 1212, Yuryev-Polsky has been the center of an appanage principality, headed by Vsevolod’s son Svyatoslav the Big Nest. During his reign, the princely St. Michael the Archangel Monastery was founded in the city fortress.

In 1216, the famous Battle of Lipitsa took place near the city.

In 1238, 1382 and 1408 the city was devastated by the Mongol-Tatar invasion. In 1340 it became part of the great Moscow Principality.

During the unrest of the early 17th century, Yuryev-Polsky was burned by the Poles. From the middle of the 17th century, the economic growth of the city began, which was facilitated by its location on the Great Stromynskaya Road, which connected the Suzdal lands with Moscow.

In the 17th-18th centuries, the ensemble of the Archangel Michael Monastery was rebuilt, in which the gate Theological Church of 1670, located in the western part of the monastery fence, as well as the monumental hipped bell tower of the 17th century and the Znamenskaya Refectory Church stand out.

Since 1708 - as part of the Moscow province (county town since 1778), since 1796 - in the Vladimir province.

On July 11, 1919, government institutions of the city were looted by a gang of the staff captain of the tsarist army, Efim Skorodumov (Yushka).

In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum was founded.

Economy
Avangard weaving and finishing factory (produces terry fabrics, furniture and lightweight fabrics and products made from them)
Promsvyaz plant (produces electrical power equipment)
OJSC "Yuryev-Polsky Meat Processing Plant"
Distillery
OJSC "Yuryev-Polskiy Skimmed Milk Powder Plant"
Horse breeding (Vladimir heavy trucks) and meat and dairy farming are developed in the region.

The Northern Railway passes through the city.

Attractions
Yuryev-Polsky is part of the Golden Ring of Russia. The most famous architectural monuments cities:

Michael the Archangel Monastery (XVII century) with a cathedral (1792)

Znamenskaya Church (1625)
St. George's Cathedral (1230-1234, reconstruction of the 15th century).
Remains of the ramparts of the Yuryev-Polsky Kremlin of the 12th century.
Church of the Nativity of Christ from the 18th century.
Temple of Nikita the Martyr of the 18th century.
Nearby, in the village of Sima (known since the 14th century) is the former estate of the Golitsyn princes; here in September 1812, the hero of the Patriotic War, General P. I. Bagration, died.

Monument to the founder of the city Yuri Dolgoruky

Michael the Archangel Monastery

Twin Cities
Flag of Moldova Hincesti
Flag of the Czech Republic Litomerice
Flag of Georgia Sagarejo

Yuryev-Polsky in cinema
In the spring of 1968, the first episode of the film “The Golden Calf” was filmed in Yuryev-Polsky.
The city also hosted the filming of the films “The Seventh Day” (2006, directed by Kakha Kikabidze), “Yuriev’s Day” (2008, directed by Kirill Serebrennikov) and the TV series “Russian Chocolate” (2010, directed by Daria Poltoratskaya)

GEORGE'S CATHEDRAL

St. George's Cathedral is a white-stone cathedral located on the territory of an ancient detinets in the city of Yuryev-Polsky, Vladimir region. Built in 1230-1234 by Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich.
Front chronicle collection (Vol. 5, P. 309): “In the summer of 6742, the blessed Prince Svyatoslav Vsevoldovich built the church in the city of Yuryev of the Holy Great Martyr George and decorated more than any other churches, because from inside around the entire church, wonderfully great saints were carved into stone, like exists and still stands to this day"
Traditionally it was believed that the cathedral was built on the foundation of the white stone Church of St. George, which was built in 1152 when the city was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky. Archaeological research in recent years has shown that the temple of 1152 was located in a different place (where exactly is still unknown). Apparently, the original church differed little in type from the Vladimir church of the same name in the courtyard of Dolgoruky, Boris and Gleb in Kideksha near Suzdal, and the Church of the Savior in Pereslavl-Zalessky.
In 1230, the son of Vsevolod III the Big Nest, Svyatoslav, dismantled the church, which had “dilapidated and broken.” In its place, four years later, a “wonderful church was built, velmily decorated with carved stone from the base to the top.” According to the Tver Chronicle, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich “was a master himself,” that is, he acted as an architect and led a construction team. Modern researchers adhere to the same point of view.
No earlier than 1252 and no later than the end of the 14th century, the Trinity chapel was added to the north-eastern corner of the temple, where the burial of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich was moved.
In 1326-1327, the Assumption Cathedral was built in Moscow, following the model of St. George's Cathedral, which became the first stone church in Moscow.
In the 15th century, a significant part of the building collapsed. In 1471, by the efforts of Vasily Ermolin, the cathedral was restored, but lost its original proportions and became much more squat.
After restoration in 1471, the following from the cathedral of 1230-1234 were preserved: from the west - the first tier of the vestibule and the northern half of the wall to the top of the arched-columnar belt; from the east - the base of the apses; from the south - the vestibule and adjacent walls (closer to the corners they have survived only up to the base); from the north - the vestibule and the most significant part of the walls of the cathedral (an arcature-columnar belt has survived on the central and western sides).
The building restored by Ermolin was repeatedly subjected to new changes and additions. In 1781, a four-tier bell tower was added to the temple; in 1817, the Trinity Limit was expanded, which turned into a full-fledged temple; in 1827, a sacristy was added to the south side. The ancient temple was literally drowned in later additions. The sad state of the ancient monument of church architecture attracted the attention of cultural experts Ancient Rus'. In particular, Nikodim Kondakov wrote about this with contrition. For the first time he proposed to release ancient temple from the extensions of the 18th-19th centuries, Archpriest Alexander Znamensky, who was rector of the temple from 1889 to 1917. Instead of the hypertrophied Trinity chapel, a new Trinity Cathedral was built nearby (consecrated in 1915), but the dismantling of the extensions did not begin until the October Revolution of 1917.

In 1923 the temple was closed. In 1923-1936, the bell tower, sacristy and warm chapel were dismantled during restoration work, led by Pyotr Baranovsky and Igor Grabar. Subsequent restorations of the cathedral were carried out in 1957-1960 and 1980s.

George Wagner completely or partially reconstructed the compositions: “Trinity”, “Crucifixion”, “Seven Sleeping Youths of Ephesus”, “Daniel in the Lion’s Den”, “Three Youths in the Fiery Cave”, “Ascension of Alexander the Great”.

BATTLE OF LIPITSKAYA
The Battle of Lipitsa is a battle between the younger sons of Vsevolod the Big Nest and the Murom people, on the one hand, and the united army from the Smolensk and Novgorod lands, which supported the claims of the elder Vsevolodovich Konstantin to the Vladimir throne and led by Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny, on the other. The Smolensk-Novgorod coalition won, thus deciding the fate of the Vladimir inheritance in favor of Constantine. One of the most brutal and bloody internecine battles in Russian history. Occurred in 1216 near Yuryev-Polsky near the Gza River.

In 1215, Mstislav Udatny left Novgorod to the south, and the Novgorodians called Yaroslav Vsevolodovich from Pereyaslavl-Zalessky to reign. During his conflict with the Novgorodians, he captured Torzhok, blocked the supply of food to Novgorod from the “lower lands”, which, given the crop failure, led to the death of many Novgorodians from starvation. He took the Novgorod ambassadors prisoner. Under these conditions, the Novgorodians resorted to the help of Mstislav Udatny, supported by Vladimir Rurikovich of Smolensk and Vladimir Mstislavich of Pskov. Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev sent his son Vsevolod. The Allies invaded the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality along the Tver-Ksnyatin-Pereslavl-Zalessky route.

The allies were also favored by the fact that in the principality there was a struggle for the inheritance of Vsevolod the Big Nest. His eldest son Constantine did not receive a great reign from his father for the reason that he wanted to concentrate both main cities in his hands: old capital Rostov and the new one - Vladimir, and the next in order Vsevolodovich, Yuri, was offered Suzdal. Konstantin reigned in Rostov, Yuri - in Vladimir and Suzdal.

Yuri and his younger brothers sided with Yaroslav, he retreated from Torzhok to them. On April 9, Konstantin joined the Smolensk princes at the Settlement on Sarah, between Rostov and Pereyaslavl, from where they moved together to meet the younger Vsevolodovichs, who set out from Vladimir with Murom help. The Vsevolodovichs also set themselves not only defensive goals, as evidenced by the words of Yuri: “For me, brother, the land of Vladimir and Rostov, for you - Novgorod, Smolensk - to our brother Svyatoslav, give Kiev to the Chernigov princes, and Galich - to us.” Thus, the defeat of the coalition of the Smolensk princes, Novgorodians and Constantine could lead to a new large-scale redistribution of Russian lands. The fact that the clash was not a local event is indirectly indicated by the episode with the reign of Vladimir Vsevolodovich in Pereyaslavl. In 1213, he was sent there by his older brothers; in 1215, in a battle with the Polovtsians (allies of Mstislav of Galicia), he was captured, from which he was freed only in 1218.

monument to Yuri Dolgoruky

Before the battle, Konstantin positioned himself on the Lipitsa River, his allies near Yuryev, and the Suzdal forces on the Gze River, which flows from the north into Koloksha near Yuryev.

After the failure of peace negotiations, the battle was supposed to begin at Lipitsa, but the Suzdal residents retreated to Avdova Gora, thus hiding behind a ravine from the opponents located on Yuryeva Gora. Mstislav suggested that the Suzdal people either let him go to Avdova Mountain, or they themselves should go to Yuryev Mountain, for which he was ready to retreat back to Lipitsy, but they refused, trying to take advantage of the advantages of the defending side.

The battle took place on April 21. The formation of both sides was divided only along the front and consisted of three regiments. Yuri stood in the center against Mstislav, Vladimir of Pskov and Vsevolod, Yaroslav with supporters from Novgorod and Novotorzh - on the right flank against Vladimir of Smolensk, the younger Vsevolodovichs - on the left against Konstantin.

The Smolensk and Novgorodians attacked the enemy on foot through a ravine, and the Smolyans cut down Yaroslav's banner. Then the main forces struck through the pawns, Mstislav drove through the enemy regiments three times with an ax secured to his hand with a belt loop.

According to the chronicle, the squads of Yuri, Yaroslav and the younger Vsevolodovichs lost 9,233 people killed alone.

Yuri and Yaroslav, fleeing death and captivity, fled to Vladimir and Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, respectively, traveling about 60 km each, with the first driving three horses, and the second four. It helps to get an idea of the danger that threatened them that Yuri galloped to Vladimir in his underwear, despite the time of year (end of April).

The flight of Grand Duke George (Yuri) Vsevolodovich after the Battle of Lipitsa. Lithograph based on drawings by B. A. Chorikov. 1836
As a result of the Battle of Lipitsa, Yuri had to cede the Vladimir throne to his older brother Konstantin, and himself agree to the Gorodets inheritance. With this victory, the Smolensk princes got rid of their rivals, in particular Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, in the fight for Novgorod, but not for long. Already in 1217, Constantine gave Yuri Suzdal and guaranteed him a great reign after his death in exchange for an extensive Rostov inheritance for his sons, who were supposed to recognize Yuri instead of their father. Thus, the Battle of Lipitsa put an end to civil strife and the beginning of a new rise of the Vladimir Principality: already in 1219 it restored its influence in Ryazan, in 1221 - in Novgorod, replacing the Smolensk princes in active actions in the Baltic states against the Order of the Swordsmen, and achieved conditions from the Volga Bulgarians the world “as before, as it was under Yuri’s father and uncle” (S. M. Solovyov).

According to Doctor of Historical Sciences I. Ya. Froyanov, “the victory in the Battle of Lipetsk is the most important milestone in Novgorod history. It was a turning point in the relations of Novgorod with the princes of the Vladimir-Suzdal land. More than half a century of their onslaught was stopped. In a long and stubborn struggle, the Novgorodians defended the right of “freedom in the princes,” acquired by them as a result of the events of 1136, which ended the rule of Kyiv over Novgorod, and repelled attempts to transform the Novgorod reign into viceroyalty. All this was consolidated by the placement of Constantine on the Vladimir grand-ducal table... All this affected the evolution of the princely power itself in Novgorod itself: more favorable conditions arose for the connection of the local state organization with the princely power, which took shape in one of the institutions of the supreme power of the Novgorod Republic. Thanks to the Lipitsa victory, Novgorod not only defended its independence, but retained its position as the main city in the volost, while defending its territorial integrity.”

Helmet of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
In the summer of 1808, the peasant woman Larionova, “while in the bushes to pluck nuts, saw something glowing in a hummock near a walnut bush.” This “something” turned out to be an ancient gilded helmet, under which lay a rolled-up coat of chain mail. The provincial authorities took urgent measures, and the find was transferred to St. Petersburg, to the President of the Academy of Arts A. N. Olenin.

The helmet found by Larionova is displayed in a display case of ancient military armor in the Armory Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. In addition, its copy adorns the head of Alexander Nevsky - Cherkasov in Eisenstein's film. And although Alexander Nevsky was born already when the helmet was lying on the bank of Koloksha, the famous commander still has rights to it: after all, he was the son of the owner of this helmet, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich.

Warriors and epic characters
According to surviving chronicles, the battle was attended by the heroes Alexander Popovich, Dobrynya Zolotoy Belt (aka Timonya Rezanich) and Nefediy Dikun, as well as Yuryata and Ratibor, who fell at the hands of Popovich. The Nikon Chronicle also names certain “Iev Popovich and his servant Nestor, great brave men,” mourned by Mstislav Udatny. “This gave grounds to assert that Alexander Popovich had a heroic brother, Job or Ivan. However, there is clearly a distortion of the original text of the earlier Novgorod Chronicle, where “Ivanka Popovitsa” was also mentioned among the dead Novgorodians.”

Ascension Church

GOLITSYNH ESTATE
Golitsyn estate in Yuryev-Polsky
Once in Yuryev-Polsky, do not forget to visit the famous Golitsyn estate. The estate is not located in the city itself, but about 20 kilometers from it, in the village of Sima. The journey will take a little time, especially since you will have to drive on a straight and well-paved road.
In the Golitsyn estate after the Battle of Borodino, their last days conducted by General Pyotr Bagration.
But let's return to the history of the Golitsyn estate. The mansion was built here at the beginning of the 18th century, after the village, with the light hand of Emperor Peter I, was presented as a gift to the prince and commander in one person - Mikhail Golitsyn. In addition to the spacious two-story house with a balcony and outbuildings, a large beautiful park and an equally picturesque pond. Today, more than two centuries later, the Golitsyn estate in Yuryev-Polsky, of course, looks “old.” Little has been preserved of the former beauty and grandeur of the princely mansion; nevertheless, tourists will find it interesting here.
Firstly, the Golitsyn estate is famous not only for its owners. The notorious general Pyotr Bagration spent his last days here. The commander came to Sima on leave after the Battle of Borodino, but the wounds he received turned out to be so serious that the prince soon died. Bagration was buried at the local church. Now a monument has been erected on this site in his honor.
In addition, at the Golitsyn estate, tourists can visit a museum where the orders and weapons of the talented commander are displayed.

The museum is open every day, except Monday and Tuesday, from 10.00 to 17.00 (on Sunday - until 15.00).

The exhibition dedicated to the military leader occupies one hall of the mansion; the remaining rooms are given over to the activities of the folk art center and the rural library. This is how an architectural monument of federal significance - the Golitsyn estate - now serves for the benefit of art and education.

Finally, after a tour of the Golitsyn estate, you can visit the local operating temple - the Church of Dmitry of Thessalonica.

MICHAYLO-ARKHANGELSKY MONASTERY
The Archangel Michael Monastery, one might say, is the same age as the other main monastery of Yuryev-Polsky - St. George's Cathedral, also built in the 13th century. But unlike its “brother,” the monastery faced many trials. Michael the Archangel Monastery, as historians write, was destroyed four times. The first time it suffered at the hands of Batu Khan himself, in the 14th century the monastery was attacked by Tokhtamysh, in the next century it was destroyed by the Golden Horde Khan Edigei, and the monastery also suffered a lot during the Time of Troubles.

Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel

Along with the Archangel Michael Monastery, within the walls of the Kremlin there are the Znamenskaya Refectory Church, the Gate Church of St. John the Theologian and the St. George Church.
Despite this, today the Archangel Michael Monastery is in good condition and receives tourists all year round. The monastery is easy to find in the city; it stands on the territory of the former Kremlin. Since the Archangel Michael Monastery is active, services are held here, but there are no restrictions for tourists to visit (except for the operating hours of the museum complex).

Territory of the Archangel Michael Monastery
Along with the Archangel Michael Monastery, within the walls of the Kremlin there are the Znamenskaya Refectory Church, the Gate Church of St. John the Theologian and the St. George Church. You can visit these monasteries every day, except Tuesday, from 9.00 to 17.00. Cash register for purchase entrance tickets(there is a small fee for them) open until 16.00. On Friday, entry for tourists to the monastery territory is organized from 9.00 to 16.00.

St. George's Church and the Chapel above

Once here, don’t miss the moment and visit an interesting exhibition of carved frames by Yuryev-Polsky masters. Exhibits, as a rule, are displayed directly on the inside of the Kremlin walls.

In the summer, if time permits, take a final look at the apothecary garden of the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery. Of course, you shouldn’t pick flowers and plants, but admiring them and taking some beautiful pictures will be just right!

NIKITS CHURCH

The Church of Nikita the Martyr, or simply Nikitsky Church in Yuryev-Polsky was built at the end of the 18th century. Today the temple is not inferior in beauty, perhaps, to any Orthodox landmark in the city. Made in the style of classicism, the Nikitsky Church has an elegant structure, framed on several sides by snow-white columns.

You can get to the Nikitskaya Church from the central square by driving along Krasnooktyabrskaya Street.
Despite its modest size, the so-called drum with elongated windows rises above the temple, and a light blue dome rises above it. Nikitsky Church in Yuryev-Polsky is beautiful at any time of the year, and therefore it is visited along with St. George's Cathedral and St. Michael the Archangel Monastery - the main attractions of the city. If we return to history, during the Great Patriotic War the Nikita Church, like many Orthodox shrines, experienced difficult times.

So, in 1941, the temple was closed, and a repair shop, simply put, a car service station, was placed inside it.

In the early 90s, the revival of the Nikitsky Church began, and today it is a real decoration of Yuryev-Polsky. You can get to the Nikitskaya Church from the central square by driving along Krasnooktyabrskaya Street.

Address: Yuryev-Polsky, st. Embankment.

CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY OF CHRIST

There are many Orthodox attractions in Yuryev-Polsky, but the Church of the Nativity of Christ deserves special attention. The white stone temple with six domes was built in the 18th century. As written in historical documents, the church was built on the site of a former wooden church and consecrated in honor of the brothers Saints Cosmas and Damian.

Next to the Church of the Nativity of Christ there is another Orthodox site - Boris and Gleb Church.
The Church of the Nativity, since it was not heated, was called summer or cold. The temple in Yuryev-Polsky served for the benefit of believers until the beginning of the 20th century, but in the 30s it was closed and printing presses and equipment for a dairy plant were placed in it. Later, the decoration of the Church of the Nativity of Christ was completely plundered.

Today the temple has been restored and is open to the faithful during services. Tourists can also freely explore the Church of the Nativity.

Next to the Church of the Nativity of Christ there is another Orthodox site - Boris and Gleb Church. But, unfortunately, it is badly damaged and closed to visitors. Restoration of the shrine began not long ago, so perhaps the temple will soon live a new life.

Address: Yuryev-Polsky, Avangardsky lane, building 6.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Official website of the municipal administration of Yuryev-Polsky district
Article by Nikolai Chuksin “Yuryev-Polskaya and the surrounding area”
Voronin N. N. Vladimir. Bogolyubovo. Suzdal. Yuryev-Polskoy: A companion book to the ancient cities of the Vladimir land. 5th ed. - M.: Art, 1983. - (Architectural and artistic monuments of cities of the USSR).
http://boris-mavlyutov.livejournal.com/83411.html
Nevolin P.I. Yuriev, district town of Vladimir province // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Monuments of history and culture of the Vladimir region: Catalog / Compiled by: V. A. Kostkin and others. State. center for registration, use and restoration of historical and cultural monuments of the Vladimir region. - Vladimir: Publishing house "Pokrova", 1996. - 520, p. — 5,000 copies. — ISBN 5-87393-004-X..
G. P. Smolitskaya. Toponymic Dictionary of Central Russia. // Russian speech, No. 2, 1996
M. V. Gorbanevsky, V. Yu. Dukelsky. Through the cities and villages of the “Golden Ring” - M.: Mysl, 1983
Vladimir province. List of populated places according to information from 1859.
Voronin N.N. Vladimir, Bogolyubovo, Suzdal, Yuryev-Polskoy. A companion book to the ancient cities of the Vladimir land. - M.: Art, 1974. (Architectural and artistic monuments of cities of the USSR).
Vladimir Encyclopedia: biobibliographic dictionary / Administration of the Vladimir Region, Vladimir Cultural Foundation. - Vladimir, 2002. - 524 p.
Official website of the municipal administration of the Vladimir region

The name of the city of Yuryev. Foundation of the city of Yuryev by Prince Yaroslav the Wise

WHOSE CITY IS YURYEV?

WHOSE CITY IS YURYEV?

History of Yuryev-Polsky

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