Description of the L 410 aircraft. How it is made, how it works, how it works

- a short-haul aircraft for regional airlines, produced in the Czech Republic since 1969.

The Let L-410 Turbolet was developed in the mid-1960s, specifically for airlines with a length of 500-800 km, which needed a spacious, economical and unpretentious aircraft. In general, in terms of takeoff and landing capabilities, the aircraft was required to have characteristics similar to those of the AN-2.

The Let L-410 Turbolet made its first flight in April 1969.

The safety factor that the designers invested in the aircraft allowed the Let L-410 to take off and land on unprepared airfields and unpaved sites.

The Let L-410 interior is spacious and equipped with large round portholes and acceptable sound insulation. Passenger seats are arranged in a 2+1 configuration.

The liner is capable of carrying up to 19 passengers over a distance of 990 to 1,500 km.

Over the years of production, the aircraft was constantly modernized in accordance with the requirements of the time. Today the aircraft continues to be produced.

Let L-410 Turbolet interior diagram:

Specifications:

ICAO code: L410
Crew: 2 people
Length: 14.42 m
Wingspan: 19.48 m
Maximum capacity: 19 passengers
Maximum take-off weight: 6,400 kg
Cruising speed: 365 km/h
Range of flight: 1,500 km

L-410 UVP-E20 is a universal twin-engine aircraft of Czech production for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation on unprepared dirt, grass, snow areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an aircraft in the “off-road” category. The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation around the world.

Production site of Aircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic.
The Aircraft Industries plant, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces aircraft through a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design bureau and an airport.

L-410 fuselage parts production workshop. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing production - light green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year.
About 80% of aircraft are supplied to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.

Production of parts on a CNC milling center from the French company Creneau.

Cleaning parts before molding

Forming a part on a press

Punching press

Design documentation - interceptor drawing

Manufacturing of the wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center.
The production uses Russian duralumin produced by OJSC Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.

Wing panel production

Assembly of the front wing

Checking the quality of riveting on an airplane wing

One L-410 aircraft uses about 185,000 rivets of different types and sizes

Riveting work in the middle part of the fuselage

Installation of floor panels

Production of the rear fuselage

Production of engine air intake parts

Production of air intake parts for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787 aircraft.

Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610.
In one half of the building there are two production lines for new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a service workshop for aircraft coming out of service.

There are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop at the same time. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop.
At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing for delivery to customers.
Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1,150 aircraft of the L-410 family.
More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.

The process of finishing the luggage compartment of an aircraft in the nose after completing the installation of electrical equipment

Emergency exit door assembly

The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible.
The forward luggage compartment doors are open.

Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally include devices from Russian manufacturers

Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin

Installing Wiring Harnesses

Installation of electrical wires on an aircraft wing in the area of the engine nacelle

Five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with a GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. It has been installed on all new aircraft since January 2013 and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR MAK.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of its own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant.
The average age of the company's employees is 44 years.

Work on the GE H-80 engine, carried out by a representative of GE Aviation Czech, Prague (former Walter plant).

The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of production, as within its framework, engines, landing gear and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand Euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight testing takes just under a year.

Cockpit of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flights and has an advanced ground proximity warning system (EGPWS) and TCAS II. The L 410 is designed in the metric system (rather than inches), which is an exception in Western aviation.

This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation aircraft for pilot training in Sasovsky flight school civil aviation(Ryazan region).

Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarz is the chief test pilot of the plant.

Under the wing of an airplane, a view of the river. Morava and the town of Uhersky Ostrog

Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana.
Airplanes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable colors.

Leaving with a turn
Practical ceiling - 8000 meters

Approaching the runway.
The L-410 aircraft can land both on a paved runway and on grass, soil and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation “Shortened Takeoff and Landing,” which also recalls the Russian roots of the aircraft.

Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkowice.

The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (13th century) is located 10 km from Kunowice.
Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia – the south-eastern region of the Czech Republic.

Velegrad Monastery (XIII century) is one of the main pilgrimage churches in Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866 Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in the city of Velegrad.

A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staroe Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city.

For any questions regarding the use of photographs, please email.

Let's L-410 Turbolet – twin-engine turboprop aircraft for local airlines. Produced by the Czech company LET since 1971.

Story

Within the framework of CMEA - the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, which existed from 1949 to 1991, Czechoslovakia, as one of the founders of the organization, had the prerogative of creating small aircraft and air taxis. Having serious industrial potential, it produced several types of small aircraft and supplied them to dozens of countries both inside and outside the socialist camp (including the USA). But, by the mid-1960s, the decision was made to create a small regional aircraft, much larger in comparison with the rest of the line.

Development of the aircraft began in 1966. The first prototype aircraft, equipped with the Pratt & Whitney RT6A-27 turboprop engine (2 x 715 hp), began flight testing in 1969. Regular operation of L-410A aircraft at the end of 1971 was first opened by the Czechoslovak airline Slov Air from Bratislava, serving local airlines - by the beginning of 1974 it received 12 aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. Five L410A aircraft with RT 6A-27 engines, built by the end of 1972 under the designation L-410AC, were transferred to the USSR the following year.

In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft, equipped with Czech Walter M 601A theater engines, began. L-410M became the second serial modification of the Turbolet. In total, by the end of 1978, 100 L-410 aircraft of the M/MU version were received for the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation.

LET L-410 Turbolet - a workhorse regional aviation. Skyships channel video

In 1979, production of an improved modification L-410UVP began, which became the main production model. The fuselage, wing and empennage were modernized, and improved Walter M 601 B engines (2 x 730 hp) were installed. This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was put into operation.

A further development was the L-410UVP-E variant with more powerful M 601 E turboprop engines. It has improved takeoff and landing characteristics and reduced noise levels in the cabin. In March 1986 it was certified in the USSR.

Exploitation

From the start of operation in 1971 until 2009, about 1,130 L-410s were produced, most of who went to the USSR. In Russia in 1992, there were 750 aircraft of this type on the wing. As of 2006, more than 300 L-410 aircraft remain in operation around the world.

Used in civilian and military flight schools for preliminary training of future long-range aviation and military transport aviation pilots.

With the collapse of the CMEA and the USSR, the production volume of L-410 dropped significantly, however, the aircraft continue to be produced. On this moment Let is owned by the Russian UMMC (OJSC Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company).

The all-metal high-wing aircraft L 410, produced in series, is equipped with two GE H80-200 turboprop engines and is designed for the transport of 19 passengers, cargo or for specific purposes. Aircraft of the L 410 family are operated in more than 50 countries on five continents, and most of them were delivered to Russia, also to Africa, Southeast Asia, South America and Europe. To date, more than 1,300 aircraft have been produced. The L 410 UVP E20 model is currently being produced, which is the most advanced version of the previous L 410 series of aircraft, known for its outstanding properties and has a number of advantages:

Lowest operating and maintenance costs in its category
Unsurpassed endurance and proven reliability in extreme conditions
Reliable operation on short unpaved runways (STOL) and in extreme weather conditions
Unique engine traction properties at high temperatures and low pressure
Versatility and passenger comfort
Equipment variability with installation of special options
Superior Security Options
Large luggage compartment
Has the most spacious cabin for passengers in its category

Main characteristics of the aircraft after engine remotorization on GE H80-200:

Increased flight range by 1,520 km (820 NM)
Increased power when operating in extreme conditions and high mountain areas, maximum power will remain up to 36°C
Reduced fuel consumption
Reducing take-off distance by 503 m
Increased flight duration to 5.1 hours.

L 410 aircraft have been in production for over 40 years and their safety is truly excellent. Owners and operators from various regions of Europe, Asia, Africa and America appreciate our aircraft's excellent thrust performance at high temperatures and low air pressure, as well as exceptional short take-off and landing (STOL) capabilities.

Their massive and durable design and ability to operate in extreme climatic conditions in the temperature range from -50°C to +50°C are especially appreciated. The aircraft's robust fuselage and unique design provide ample opportunities for its operation both in the scorching heat of the deserts of Africa and Latin America, and in the coldest areas of the world.

L 410 aircraft feel at home both when operating in the Sahara Desert and in the Siberian tundra. The aircraft have already proven operational reliability over an exceptionally wide range climatic conditions, from the dusty and dry African savannahs to the rainforests of Latin America, as well as when taking off from sea level or hot alpine areas. The aircraft are already successfully operated in many countries and regions around the world.

With its unique landing gear, the aircraft can be operated anywhere, and only needs a few meters of strip with a minimum strength of 6 kg/cm2 (85 lb/in2), i.e. it can also land and take off from wet short grass runways.

The L 410 UVP-E20 is certified under FAR 23 (Amendment 41) in its category and has received type approvals in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Cuba and Chile. After the establishment of the European Agency aviation security (EASA) the aircraft received a full type certificate EASA and FAA(US Federal Aviation Administration). The aircraft has also been approved for operation in many other countries such as Algeria, South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunisia, Colombia, Venezuela, South Korea, India, etc.

The L 420, an FAA certified variant of the L 410 UVP-E20, is certified to FAR 23 (Amendment 41) and has received type approvals in the Czech Republic, USA, Australia and Indonesia, as well as a full EASA type approval.

In order to ensure exceptional flight safety and maximum customer satisfaction, LET has always paid special attention to continuous development, product quality and after-sales product support.

All current customers are satisfied with the exceptional reliability with which the aircraft can be prepared for departure, the amazing passenger comfort and cost efficiency, and the manufacturer's ability to provide and provide full service support in a timely manner.

L 410 aircraft are used by airline and air taxi companies, as well as many government agencies around the world.

Wide oval fuselage with 17.9 m3 (632 cu ft) cabin volume provides highest level comfort for passengers in the standard small version passenger plane, and also ensures maximum versatility and application of the aircraft for a variety of other purposes and special missions. The aircraft can be produced in such versions as executive, cargo, ambulance, dispensary, landing, photogrammetric, maritime patrol and surveillance, etc.

The L 410 aircraft is the ideal technical and best economic solution for air transportation of passengers and cargo over short distances, as well as an ideal air base for many other special missions, such as the VIP version, air ambulance, patrol and surveillance, photogrammetry, landing, etc.

The L 410 aircraft represent the ideal combination of first-class technical parameters and economic operation for the transport of passengers and goods over short and medium-long distances.

Main operators CMEA countries Options L-410UVP

A universal aircraft for local airlines (AL), which replaced the An-2. The first foreign-made aircraft to fly onto domestic air routes. Other names: L-410, Let, Let L-410, Turbolet, Cheburashka.

Description

Development of the aircraft began in 1966. The first prototype aircraft, equipped with the Pratt-Whitney Canada RT6A-27 (2 x 715 hp) theater, began flight tests on April 16, 1969. Regular operation of the L-410A aircraft at the end of 1971 was the first The Czechoslovak airline Slov Air opened from Bratislava, serving local airlines - by the beginning of 1974 it received 12 aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. Five L-410A aircraft (production No. 720103-06 and No. 720201) with RT 6A-27 engines, built by the end of 1972 under the designation L-410AS, were transferred to the USSR the following year. The planes received Soviet registration numbers from USSR-67251 to USSR-67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield of the State Research Institute of Civil Aviation by Czech test pilot Frantisek Svinka. The people at the airport immediately called the handsome newcomer “Cheburashka.” In 1973, flight tests of the L-410M aircraft, equipped with Czech Walter M 601A theater engines, began. L-410M became the second serial modification of the Turbolet. In total, by the end of 1978, 100 L-410M/MU aircraft were received for the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation.

In 1979, production began of an improved modification L-410UVP, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from previous versions by its elongated fuselage, increased dimensions of the wing and vertical tail, the use of spoilers and the installation of a Walter M 601 V turboprop engine (2 x 730 hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was accepted into operation by Aeroflot. A further development was the L-410UVP-E variant with more powerful M 601 E theater engines. The first flight of this aircraft took place on December 30, 1984. It is distinguished by improved takeoff and landing characteristics and reduced noise levels in the cabin. In March 1986 it was certified in the USSR. A modification of the L-420 has been developed with more powerful M601 F turboprop engines (2 x 778 hp), increased take-off weight (6.8 tons) and improved flight characteristics(flight tests of the aircraft began in November 1993).

Since 1969, 1,104 L-410s of various modifications were built, 862 of which ended up in the Soviet Union. By the beginning of 1992, there were about 750 L-410 aircraft left in the USSR.

Modifications

L-410UVP Short-haul passenger aircraft, a modification of the L-410 aircraft, in which the takeoff and landing distance is reduced. The abbreviation "UVP" means "short take-off and landing". The first launch took place in 1976. Produced by the Czechoslovak company "Let". The aircraft is equipped with a conventional avionics complex of joint Soviet-Czechoslovak production. This aircraft differs from previous versions by an elongated fuselage, increased wing and vertical tail dimensions, the use of spoilers and a more powerful engine.

Specifications

Modification	L-410	L-410UVP
Wingspan, m	19,48	19,98
Aircraft length, m	14,424	14,42
Aircraft height, m	5,83	5,83
Wing area, m²	35,18	34,86
Empty aircraft weight, kg	3800	4180
Maximum take-off weight, kg	5800	6600
Internal fuel, l	1300	1290-1690 (can be increased by 400 l by installing fuel tanks at the ends of the wing)
engine's type	2× TVD Motorlet (Walter) M 601E
Power, hp	2 x 750
Diameter of five-blade propellers, m	2,3
Maximum speed, km/h	457	457
Cruising speed, km/h	380	380
Practical range, km	1380	680
Range, km	546
Practical ceiling, m	6320	6460
Crew, people	2	2
17-19 passengers or 18 paratroopers or 6 stretchers and 6 seated wounded with an accompanying person or 1615 kg of cargo	19 passengers or 1710 kg of cargo