Odysseus sent some of his friends to the dwelling of the nymph to take the body of Elpenor from there. The others, meanwhile, were chopping wood for the fire, and when the body was brought, they burned it along with the armor, erected a high grave mound over it, and, at the request of the deceased, hoisted an oar on that hill. As soon as Circe learned that Odysseus and his friends had returned from the world of shadows, she came to the ship and brought bread, wine and meat to the guests. “All day,” she said to them, “enjoy your food and drink, set off tomorrow at dawn. I will show you the way and announce everything that can happen to you, so as not to suffer through your foolishness new troubles at sea. or on land. " They feasted all day, and the next morning they hit the road. The beautiful-haired goddess sent them a fair wind, and the ship sailed calmly, obeying the helm and the wind. Odysseus told his companions about everything that Circe had predicted to him.
Odysseus at the island of sirens. Attic vase, approx. 480-470 BC
First of all, they had to sail past the island of mellifluous sirens. These nymphs, with their wonderful songs, enchant anyone who approaches their shore on a high-speed ship; they will make everyone forget about their sweet homeland, about their wife and children; enchanted, the swimmer hurries to moor to the island of sirens, where his certain death awaits and the smoldering bones of unfortunate sailors, carried away by crafty maidens, lie in heaps. And Odysseus and his companions must avoid the sirens and keep away from the flowery shores of their island. Only Odyssey alone, Circe said, can listen to singers.
Odysseus and the sirens. Painting by J.W. Waterhouse, 1891
And when the ship was approaching the island of sirens, Odysseus, remembering the advice of Circe, covered his ears with wax and ordered him to tie himself to the mast so that he could not rush into the sea and swim to the fateful coast. The favorable wind instantly subsided and a wide, unshakably smooth sea spread out in front of the Achaeans. Then the sails of the Odysseus satellites took off and took up the oars. At the same time, the sirens on the island sang their wondrous song:
To us, God-equal Odysseus, great glory of the Achaeans,
Come to us with the ship, enjoy the sweet sirens:
Here not a single sailor passes with his ship.
Without listening to the heart of sweet singing in our meadow;
Whoever heard us returns to the house. Having learned a lot.
We know everything that happened in the Trojan land and what
The fate of the immortals befell the Trojans and the Achaeans.
We know everything that is going on in the bosom of the rich earth.
Fascinated by the wondrous sounds of the song of the sirens, Odysseus did not want to sail further. He rushed to the sirens on the island and begged his comrades with signs to free him. But, obeying the command previously given to them, they tied Odysseus even more tightly to the mast, hit the oars and rowed even harder, until the island of sirens was left far behind.
Odysseus and the sirens. Painting by G. Draper, c. 1909
The proposed site of action is the Galli Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea. As the travelers departed from the island of Eya, Circe warned of the danger awaiting the heroes near the island of sirens. These creatures fascinate mortals with their wonderful singing, and they remain forever in their power. Sailing to the island, Odysseus ordered his companions to plug their ears with wax, and tied himself to the mast. As soon as he heard the singing of the sirens, Odysseus tried to free himself, but the companions did not allow him to do this. The ship safely passed the dangerous island.
Homer was the first to mention the sirens. But in the "Odyssey" it is said about them only that the sailors should beware of the singing of the "wonder-voices", otherwise they will not return to their homeland. This barely outlined image inflamed the imagination of the audience of the poem. In ancient Greece, the myth of the sirens was overgrown with more and more details. First, they have a pedigree. The siren's voice was inherited from the mother-muse and at first was no different from ordinary women. But the aunt-muses, fearing for their position on Parnassus, disfigured the newly-minted singers, turning them into a hybrid of man and bird.
According to another version, the sirens became friends with Persephone, whom Hades dragged into the kingdom of the dead. The friends did not suspect this and begged the gods to give them the opportunity to look for the missing on earth, in the sky and under water. So the sirens were divided into half birds and half fish. The next string of myths explained why sirens are dangerous to humans. The mortals refused to help them search for Persephone, and then the sirens decided to take revenge. The fish-maidens dragged sailors into the depths of the sea with their singing. The winged maidens sucked the blood of those who stopped to listen to them.
With this, the plot suggested by Homer was exhausted. And then the myth of the death of the sirens was born. Odysseus was declared the savior from this scourge. He was the only one who did not moor to the island, the songstress blundered for the first time. In despair, the bird-maidens rushed into the sea and turned into rocks. At first, the fish-maidens were forgotten, but in the Middle Ages, the peoples of Europe borrowed this image in the legends of insidious mermaids and Undines. The bird sirens were also resurrected, turning, for example, into characters of Slavic legends - the birds Sirin and Phoenix.
Where did the events that gave rise to the siren myths take place? You can, of course, look for their "graves" in the Mediterranean Sea - rocks, lonely sticking out of the water. But much more interesting is the version that Homer could have considered the sounds associated with the natural features of a certain place on the coast as the singing of sirens. For example, in the Gulf of Salerno there is the Galli archipelago. The configuration of the coastal rocks here is such that they amplify the sounds going towards the sea. The screams of the seals who have chosen the islands, passing through this horn, may well be mistaken for the sounds of a human voice ...
Homer did not specify how many sirens there were on the island. The Greeks usually depicted three. The myth has it that they drowned themselves after failing with Odysseus. The body of one of them washed ashore where Naples is now.
As soon as Odysseus passed the ominous island of sirens, troubles began again. It was necessary to swim between the rocks, where the bloodthirsty monster Scylla with six dog's heads and the goddess Charybdis, who draws in and then spews out sea waters, lived. The ancient Greeks believed that these creatures lie in wait for sailors on both sides of the Strait of Messina: Scylla off the coast of the Apennine Peninsula, Charybdis off the island of Sicily.
The proposed site of action is the Galli Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea. As the travelers departed from the island of Eya, Circe warned of the danger awaiting the heroes near the island of sirens. These creatures fascinate mortals with their wonderful singing, and they remain forever in their power. Sailing to the island, Odysseus ordered his companions to plug their ears with wax, and tied himself to the mast. As soon as he heard the singing of the sirens, Odysseus tried to free himself, but the companions did not allow him to do this. The ship safely passed the dangerous island.
Homer was the first to mention the sirens. But in the "Odyssey" it is said about them only that the sailors should beware of the singing of the "wonder-voices", otherwise they will not return to their homeland. This barely outlined image inflamed the imagination of the audience of the poem. In ancient Greece, the myth of the sirens was overgrown with more and more details. First, they have a pedigree. The siren's voice was inherited from the mother-muse and at first was no different from ordinary women. But the aunt-muses, fearing for their position on Parnassus, disfigured the newly-minted singers, turning them into a hybrid of man and bird.
According to another version, the sirens became friends with Persephone, whom Hades dragged into the kingdom of the dead. The friends did not suspect this and begged the gods to give them the opportunity to look for the missing on earth, in the sky and under water. So the sirens were divided into half birds and half fish. The next string of myths explained why sirens are dangerous to humans. The mortals refused to help them search for Persephone, and then the sirens decided to take revenge. The fish-maidens dragged sailors into the depths of the sea with their singing. The winged maidens sucked the blood of those who stopped to listen to them.
With this, the plot suggested by Homer was exhausted. And then the myth of the death of the sirens was born. Odysseus was declared the savior from this scourge. He was the only one who did not moor to the island, the songstress blundered for the first time. In despair, the bird-maidens rushed into the sea and turned into rocks. At first, the fish-maidens were forgotten, but in the Middle Ages, the peoples of Europe borrowed this image in the legends of insidious mermaids and Undines. The bird sirens were also resurrected, turning, for example, into characters of Slavic legends - the birds Sirin and Phoenix.
Where did the events that gave rise to the siren myths take place? You can, of course, look for their "graves" in the Mediterranean Sea - rocks, lonely sticking out of the water. But much more interesting is the version that Homer could have considered the sounds associated with the natural features of a certain place on the coast as the singing of sirens. For example, in the Gulf of Salerno there is the Galli archipelago. The configuration of the coastal rocks here is such that they amplify the sounds going towards the sea. The screams of the seals who have chosen the islands, passing through this horn, may well be mistaken for the sounds of a human voice ...
Homer did not specify how many sirens there were on the island. The Greeks usually depicted three. The myth has it that they drowned themselves after failing with Odysseus. The body of one of them washed ashore where Naples is now.
As soon as Odysseus passed the ominous island of sirens, troubles began again. It was necessary to swim between the rocks, where the bloodthirsty monster Scylla with six dog's heads and the goddess Charybdis, who draws in and then spews out sea waters, lived. The ancient Greeks believed that these creatures lie in wait for sailors on both sides of the Strait of Messina: Scylla off the coast of the Apennine Peninsula, Charybdis off the island of Sicily.
She told me what further dangers lurk along the way:
First of all, you will meet the sirens who sing
Everyone is seduced by people, no matter who meets them.
Who, unknowingly approaching them, will hear their voice,
He will never return home. Neither spouse nor children
They will never run to meet him with a joyful cry.
The sirens will enchant him with their ringing song,
Sitting on a soft meadow. Around the same huge smolder
Piles of human bones covered in wrinkled skin.
Drive your ship past. Cover your comrades' ears
The wax softens honey-sweet so that no one can hear them
Satellite. And if you yourself wish, you can listen.
Let only comrades, hands and feet binding you tightly,
While standing, they will tie you to the base of the mast,
So that you can enjoy, both listening to the sirens.
If you begin to ask and you will order yourself to be untied,
Let them wind more straps around you.
(Homer "Odyssey", Canto 12)
In ancient Greek mythology, sirens are demonic creatures born by the river Aheloy and one of the muses (the sirens inherited a divine voice from their mother). The sirens were half-birds, half-women (or half-fish, half-women). The first ship that sailed safely past the island of sirens was "Argo" with the Argonauts, among whom was Laertes, Odysseus's father. The Argonauts were saved by Orpheus, who sailed with them, who drowned out the singing of the sirens with his singing and playing the lyre.
To save himself from death, Odysseus did as Circe advised: he covered the ears of his companions with wax, and he ordered himself to be tied to the mast. Odysseus heard this siren song:
To us, Odysseus, the great one, the great pride of the Achaeans!
Stop your ship to listen to our singing.
For no one in his ship will pass us by without that,
So as not to hear from the lips of our pouring sweet songs
And not to return home admired and learned a lot.
We all know the works that are extensive in Troy
By the will of the gods, the Argives suffered, as well as the Trojans.
We also know what is happening on the whole earth of life.
Odysseus ordered to untie himself, but his companions only tied him more tightly. After that, Odysseus's ship sailed safely from the island of sirens.
After the island of sirens, there was a new danger on the path of Odysseus - Scylla and Charybdis, about which Circe also warned:
Two on the road the second has cliffs. One reaches
Sharp top of the sky, clouds are crowding around it
Black. They never go away, at the top
The air is never transparent there either in summer or in autumn.
A mortal could not climb the cliff or descend back.
Even when I would have owned twenty hands and legs, -
So this cliff is smooth, as if hewn by someone.
There is a gloomy cave in the middle of the cliff.
It is turned by the entrance to the darkness, to the west, to Erebus.
Direct your ship past her, noble Odysseus.
Even the strongest shooter, aiming from the ship with a bow,
The hollow cave could not reach with his arrow.
Scary growling Scylla dwells in the cave of the rock.
Like a young puppy, her voice sounds. The very same -
Evil monster. There is no one who would, having seen her,
I felt joy in my heart - even if God faced it
Scylla has twelve legs, and they are all thin and liquid.
Six long twisting necks on the shoulders, and on the necks
On a terrifying head, in the mouth of each in three rows
Full of black death, abundant, frequent teeth.
In a den with a floor, she sits with half of her body,
Six heads protrude outward over a terrible abyss,
They rummage around on a smooth rock and grab fish under it.
There are dolphins, sea dogs; grabbing large
The monsters that Amphitrite grazes in abundance.
Of the sailors, no one could boast that by
He drove unharmed with the ship: grabbing for her husband
Each of them carries her head and into the cave.
There is another rock, Odysseus, you will see, lower,
Close to that one. It is only a bow shot away from her.
A fig tree with lush foliage grows wildly on the rock.
Directly below her from the Charybdis divine black waters
They are raging terribly. Three times she absorbs them a day
And spews out three times. Look: when it swallows -
Don't come close! The Farmer himself would not have saved you here!
Stay close to the Scillina rock and as soon as possible
Drive the fast ship past. It's incomparably better
Six people from the ship to lose than to lose them all.
Odysseus asked Circe if it was possible to repel Scylla's attack so as not to lose six comrades, to which he received the answer:
Know this: not a mortal evil, but the immortal Scylla. Ferocious,
Terribly strong and wild. Fighting her is impossible.
You can't take it here by force. Only one escape is in flight.
When Odysseus' ship was not far from Scylla and Charybdis, Odysseus told the helmsman to avoid the whirlpool generated by Charybdis, and ordered the rowers to row with all their might, while Odysseus hid the existence of Scylla from his comrades, fearing that, having learned the danger that awaited them, they would hide inside the ship and refuse row. When the ship sailed past Scylla's cave, the monster grabbed six sailors, but the ship with the rest escaped.
"The Little Prince Lesson" - A symbol of the fascist threat, a symbol of evil. Vanity. Completed by: Korobeinikova Victoria Popova Daria. What words seemed the most important to you too? Power. “Only the heart is sharp-sighted. "The little prince and the inhabitants of the asteroids." Are the Little Prince's commandments relevant in our 21st century? The Little Prince is a children's book for adults.
"Taras Shevchenko" - At the village of Mar "to the Ukrainian in the Poltava region, writing the poem" Heretik. "Winter on the island of Kos-Aral. Pishe virsh "I do not breathe, nіvroku", a series of portraits.
"Lesson Defoe Robinson Crusoe" - Lesson on literature in the 5th grade Daniel Defoe "Robinson Crusoe". Famina V.S., teacher of Russian language and literature
"Honoré de Balzac" - The childhood of the great French writer cannot be called cloudless. List of the most famous works. Balzac was a very loving man. Writer's charm. Born on May 8 (20), 1799 in Tours, and died on August 18, 1850. Women for lunch and dinner. Father. Writer's everyday life. Henri. Mother. Perhaps this is where the expression "a woman of Balzac's age" came from.
“Antoine de Saint-Exupery” - “A sad and mocking fairy tale, over which you will smile, and become sad, and most importantly, you will ponder ... La Moll Castle, where Antoine spent the first years of his life. Mother of Antoine Marie de Fonscolomb. Antoine's father Jean de Saint-Exupery. For me, flying and writing are the same thing. S.I. Ozhegov (Dictionary of the Russian language). The aviator and the writer merge: both know the world in equal measure.
"Blue Bird" - Tiltil - N.Yu. Pirogova, Light - L.D. Golubina, Mytil - M.M. Yanko. And the Soul of Light appeared ... Or in the Land of Memories? Bread. I watched 2 performances based on the book "The Blue Bird" by Maurice Maeterlinck. Perhaps in a magical forest? Tiltil - N.Yu. Pirogova, Dog - V.S. Shkurinsky. And suddenly ... A fairy appeared. Light - L.D. Golubin.
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