Montenegro is located in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. The name of the state comes from the toponym Black Mountain. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe country's territory is 13.8 thousand square meters. km. The capital of Montenegro is Podgorica (formerly Titograd).
Montenegro is washed from the south by the Adriatic Sea. The state in the west borders on Croatia, in the north-west there are borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the north-east with Serbia, in the east with Kosovo and Albania in the south-east.
The total length of the state's land borders is 614 km. With the Republic of Croatia - 14 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km, with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo - 203 km, with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
Until June 2006, Montenegro was part of the confederal State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The country occupied 13.5% of its total area. Montenegro gained independence on June 3, 2006.
The country's territory conditionally consists of three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, as well as the mountain systems of the east of the country. In the central part of the country, there are two of its largest cities - Podgorica and Nikisic.
Montenegro's continental coastline stretches for almost 300 km. The state includes 14 sea islands. The coastline of these islands is 15.6 km. In the northwest of Montenegro there is a large bay called Boka Kotorska, which cuts into the land for 29.6 km. Its water surface area is 87.3 km².
The total length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km, the transparency of the sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
There are many rivers on the territory of Montenegro. About 52.2% of the country's rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% belong to the Adriatic Sea basin. The longest of them are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Cheotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Boyana (30 km).
Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) throughout their entire length flow through the country. The Boyana River used to be the only navigable river in the country. It is currently no longer shipping.
Almost all the rivers of the country are mountainous, they form rather deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon is considered the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. Its depth is about 1200 meters.
The famous Skadar Lake is the largest lake not only in the country, but also in the entire Balkan Peninsula. The total area of \u200b\u200bits water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the territory of this lake belongs to Montenegro, and one third belongs to Albania.
The second largest lake in Montenegro is Lake Shass, with an area of \u200b\u200b3.64 km². The lake is located near Ulcinj. There are also 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin in the country. Their total area is 3.89 km².
The territory of Montenegro is mountainous. The highest point of the country is Mount Bobotov-Kuk (Durmitor mountain range). Its height is 2522 m. The areas adjacent to the Adriatic coast are located in the zone of narrow coastal plains, which are interrupted by mountain spurs and rocky headlands.
Economic and geographical location
Montenegro is a small state in southeastern Europe, located on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. Montenegro also includes 14 islands.
Montenegro borders on:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (northwest),
- Croatia (west),
- Serbia (northeast),
- Republic of Kosovo (east),
- Albania (southeast).
The Adriatic Sea washes Montenegro from the southwest.
The total territory of the country is 13.812 thousand square meters. km. The capital of Montenegro is Podgorica.
On the territory of the country, there are: flat central regions, mountain ranges of the eastern part, the coast of the Adriatic Sea.
In the north-west of Montenegro there is Boka Kotorska Bay, where the largest ports and famous beaches of Montenegro are created. The main beaches are located on the Budva Riviera.
The highland region is located northeast of the Komarnitsa, Piva, Moraca rivers. In the highlands, the Dinari Highlands are distinguished, formed by the Durmitor, Vizitor, Komov, Belasitsa, Sinyavina and Prokletie mountains, or the Cursed Mountains. In the south there are the karst mountains Orien, Rumia, Lovcen.
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Mountain peaks (about 70) are over 2000 m high. The highest point is Bobotov Kuk peak (2522 m) in the Durmitor massif.
A karst plateau rises above the Adriatic coast. Plots of fertile land are found on individual small plains and in crater-like craters.
The plain occupies less than 20% of the country's territory. The plain area (Montenegrin plain) with a height difference of 350 m is made up of: the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlitskaya plain, the basin of the Skadar Lake, the Niksic field.
Remark 1
Enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy play an important role in the industry of Montenegro. The woodworking, machine-building, tobacco and food industries are developed. Agriculture is dominated by grain crops, viticulture, subtropical fruit growing, and mountain-pasture animal husbandry.
Climatic conditions
Climatic conditions in different regions of the country differ significantly:
- the central foothill regions of the country have a temperate continental climate, a lot of precipitation, mild winters and hot summers;
- adriatic coast - Mediterranean climate, short-term rains (winter and spring) are characteristic, precipitation is almost never in summer; winters are mild and summers are moderately hot;
- the mountain ranges have a subalpine climate, a harsh mountain climate, characterized by cold winters and moderately warm summers.
The Adriatic coast is dominated by dry and hot summers with rainy and mild winters. The average summer temperature is 25-26 ° C. In winter, the temperature does not drop below 7 ° C (Ulcinj) and 9 ° C (Herceg Novia). The total number of hours of sunshine per year is 2700. In summer, the sea water temperature is 25-28 ° C.
In the central plains, temperatures drop to 5 ° C in winter and 27 ° C in summer.
The mountainous regions are characterized by relatively cold winters (from -10 to + 5 ° C) and moderately warm summers (19-25 ° C).
Remark 2
The large amount of precipitation is due to the presence of mountainous terrain and the proximity of the sea. The average annual rainfall, depending on the area, is from 500 to 1500 mm. In some parts, the annual precipitation can reach 3000 mm. In the mountains, the height of the snow cover is 1-3 m, the snow here lays up to 5 months a year.
Natural resources
Water resources... The country's rivers belong to the Danube and Adriatic Sea basins. The largest and most significant rivers include the following rivers: Tara, Lim, Cheotina, Moraca, Zeta, Boyana. Most of the rivers are of mountainous origin, flowing in winding and deep canyons. The largest freshwater lake Skadarskoe (369.7 sq. Km) located in a karst depression and Shasskoe lake are the largest lakes in the country. Most mountain lakes are of glacial origin.
Minerals. The country is not rich in mineral resources. Only coal is present in sufficient quantities as a strategic energy source. Deposits of aluminum ore, zinc (Shuplja-Stena, Brskovo, Moykovats), lead, bauxite (Niksich) have been developed in the country. Oil and natural gas are imported from other countries.
Natural and recreational resources. The cleanest Adriatic Sea, mountainous landscapes, mild climate make the area attractive for recreation and health improvement. The mountain ranges are attractive for hiking, mountaineering and skiing (in winter). The water in the lakes is crystal clear. For its transparent greenish-blue color, the lake is often called "mountain eyes". The presence of national parks and reserves provides favorable conditions for ecological tourism. On the Adriatic coast, the holiday season lasts from April to October.
Flora and fauna
Forests cover more than 40% of the country's territory. Mainly coniferous and mixed forests.
On the territory of the Adriatic coast there are numerous palms, various cacti (some up to 5 meters high), oleanders and magnolia.
Bananas grow in Herceg Novi. Fruit plants include pomegranates, kiwis, peaches, grapes, tangerines and oranges.
Many flowering, rare plants, in particular - edelweiss, grow in high-mountain meadows.
Skadar Lake is famous for water lilies, lilies and lotuses.
Large animals live in Montenegro: deer, moose, bears, fallow deer, wild boars, wolves, lynxes. There are martens and turtles.
The coast is rich in various types of fish, trout and carp. There are many octopuses and squids here. Mussels and oysters are grown in the Bay of Kotor.
The avifauna is represented by various species of birds: pelicans, cormorants, herons, swans, black ibises. You can meet the golden eagle.
Almost 10% of the territory of Montenegro is occupied by nature reserves and national parks:
- Durmitor. UNESCO heritage. Huge species diversity of flora and fauna. On the territory of the park there are natural monuments: the canyon of the Tara River, the Black Lake, the Ice Cave, the invisible canyon.
- Biogradskaya Gora. Virgin forests, including unique ecosystems, a huge variety of plants.
- Lovcen. The park is represented by various forms of relief.
- Skadar lake. The largest wading bird reserve in Europe. There are many ancient fortresses and monasteries in the park.
Montenegro is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. Montenegro is mountains and plains, dense forests, crystal-clear waters of the Adriatic, mountain rivers and picturesque lakes, piercingly clean air, as well as beautiful ancient cities where different styles and cultures are so harmoniously combined, thereby creating a unique flavor and atmosphere of comfort. The stunning natural wealth of this beautiful country, the wonderful climate, the abundance of historical, architectural and cultural attractions combined with affordable prices attract more and more tourists to this little paradise.
Lord George Byron wrote about Montenegro:
"At the moment of the birth of our planet, the most beautiful meeting of land and sea took place in Montenegro ... When the pearls of nature were sown, a whole handful fell on this land ..."
The Republic of Montenegro covers the southwestern, coastal part of the Balkan Peninsula. In the west, Montenegro borders on Croatia, in the north-west - with Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the north, north-east and east - with Serbia, in the south-east - with Albania. The population of Montenegro is about 650,000 people. The Montenegrin coast has a coastal part with a length of 293 km. Along the coast there are 14 islands with 15.6 km. coastline. 
Budva is a city in Montenegro, located in the central part of the Adriatic coast of the country. The city is the center of the municipal district of the same name. Budva was founded 2500 years ago and is one of the most ancient settlements on the shores of the Adriatic Sea. 
Budva and its surroundings form the Budva Riviera, the largest tourist center in Montenegro, famous for its sandy beaches, nightlife and fine examples of Mediterranean architecture. 
Most of the historical monuments are concentrated in the Old Town of Budva. Located on a peninsula that juts out sharply into the sea, it is a corner of typical Venetian and Mediterranean architecture. Despite the devastating effects of the 1979 earthquake, by 1987 the Old Town was completely rebuilt. The old town is surrounded by a powerful fortress wall and is cut through by narrow winding streets that lead to the city citadel, where the museum is now located. There are three old churches near the citadel. 
The beautiful and graceful sculpture of the dancer, located on a rocky stone near the Mogren beach, has become the unofficial symbol of the city. This is the most famous and photographed landmark of Budva. This monument, according to legend, is associated with a romantic legend, and has become a symbol of true love, near which romantically inclined natures love to be photographed and make wishes. 
Fortress walls 
Fortress walls of Budva from the sea 
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (founded in the 7th century), with a bell tower - the architectural dominant of the old city. 
The Church of the Holy Trinity (built in 1804) is an Orthodox church built in a typical Byzantine style. A characteristic feature is the spinning-wheel bell tower with three bells. The facade of the church above the western gate is decorated with a rosette. A Greek icon painter painted the iconostasis partition of this church in the 19th century, and it has exceptional artistic value. 
Citadel Budva (city fortress Kastel), built on a hill on the southern side of the city. Here the city walls begin and end. The fortress was first mentioned in 1425. 
Old town Budva 
Not far from Budva, within line of sight, is the island of St. Nikola, one of the few islands off the coast of Montenegro. 
Marina for yachts and boats near the Old Town of Budva 
Budva is surrounded by beaches, most of which are either coarse sand or small pebble. 
Ostrog Monastery is one of the most amazing and wonderful places in Montenegro. This is recognized by everyone who has visited it at least once. Carved into a cliff at an altitude of 900 meters above sea level, the monastery is the embodiment of purity, fortitude and true faith, for which nothing is impossible. Due to its unique architecture and location, Ostrog, like a guiding star in the dark sky, is always clearly visible from afar both day and night. Looking at him, sometimes it begins to seem that the construction of such a temple cannot be the work of human hands, but is the result of divine providence. 
Today Ostrog is an active Serbian Orthodox monastery in Montenegro, located in the mountains 15 km from the city of Danilovgrad, at an altitude of about 900 m above sea level. Founded in the 17th century. The monastery houses the relics of its founder, Saint Basil of Ostrog, one of the most revered saints of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The imperishable relics of St. Basil of Ostrog are still kept in one of the monastery churches, becoming one of the main Montenegrin relics. It is believed that these relics have miraculous healing powers. 
It is believed to be the third most visited place of Orthodox pilgrimage in the world, after the tomb of Christ and the holy mountain in Jerusalem. Ostrog is the only active Orthodox monastery, where not only Christians, but also followers of other religions come for pilgrimage purposes. 
Old Austrian fortress Kosmach. This fortress is perfectly visible from the Budva-Cetinje highway. The Kosmach Fortress was built by the Austrians as a defensive structure on the border with Montenegro, then a semi-autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire, in 1841-50. Located on the top of the Kosmach hill (hence its name). The fortress was a key one in the chain of border fortresses of Austria-Hungary. 
Sveti Stefan is a resort in Montenegro, located on the Adriatic coast, on the Budva Riviera, 5 kilometers southeast of Budva. It is located on a small island, a natural isthmus between the land and the island, appeared as a result of alluvial gravel layers. A very rare natural phenomenon. The island is closed to non-hotel guests. The village of the same name adjacent to the island has a tourist infrastructure, and the prices for apartments, although higher than the average in Montenegro, are much more affordable than in a hotel on the island. 
For the first time the fortress was mentioned in the annals of 1442, when the inhabitants of the local village of Petrovichi met the Ottomans who were trying to capture Kotor. After the victory, it was decided to erect a church and a fortress in honor of St. Stephen. Sveti Stefan was an important trade center and transport hub during the times of the Venetian Republic. Sveti Stefan was inhabited in the 15th century and for a long time was a simple fishing village. Due to the economic crisis, the city began to decline. In the 1950s, 20 residents were resettled to the mainland, and Sveti Stefan became a luxury hotel city. During the reconstruction, the appearance of the buildings, of which there are about 80, did not suffer. Holidays in Sveti Stefan were popular among many celebrities: at one time the guests of the resort were Elizabeth Taylor, Sophia Loren, Claudia Schiffer, Carlo Ponti, Kirk Douglas, Bobby Fischer, Sylvester Stallone other. 
Sveti Stefan Island is one of the most expensive resorts in Montenegro. There are 58 luxury apartments, including 8 in the world famous Milocer Villa. The beaches on the island have a total length of about 2 kilometers and consist of beautiful pink sand. The island is connected to the land by a small isthmus of reclaimed gravel layers, which is a unique phenomenon in itself - the isthmus is of natural, not artificial origin. 
Here is the cleanest sea in all of Europe and beaches with dark gray sand or the smallest pebbles. 
Boka Kotorska Bay is considered one of the most beautiful bays in the world and confidently ranks first among the most beautiful bays in Europe. Previously, it was even believed that the Bay of Kotor is the southernmost fjord in Europe. In fact, this is not the case, but the landscapes are really very similar. 
Kotor is a city in Montenegro, the administrative center of the Kotor Municipality. Located on the shores of the Bay of Kotor, the Adriatic Sea. Historically, Kotor and the surrounding lands belong to the Dalmatia region. The old part of the city is under the protection of UNESCO. Kotor is the administrative, cultural, religious, educational and economic center of Boka Kotorska. Throughout the history of Kotor and the Bay of Kotor, the main occupation of local residents was navigation and overseas trade. Therefore, Kotor has become one of the most important trade centers in this part of the Adriatic coast. 
The Cathedral of St. Tryphon in Kotor is the cathedral of the Catholic Diocese of Kotor. The Cathedral of St. Tryphon has become the center of the spiritual life of local Croats, historically constituting a significant part of the population of Kotor. This is one of two Catholic cathedrals in Montenegro, along with the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, located in the city of Bar. The Cathedral of Saint Tryphon, despite numerous reconstructions, is an outstanding example of Romanesque architecture. The building of the cathedral was consecrated on July 19, 1166 in the name of St. Tryphon, who is considered the patron saint of Kotor. The building has faced many challenges; one of the most difficult moments in the history of the temple was the catastrophic earthquake of 1667. Its consequences were the destruction of part of the building, as a result of which both bell towers of the cathedral had to be rebuilt. Built of stone from the now Croatian island of Korcula, they acquired some of the characteristic baroque features. They were connected to each other by a wide arch dividing the facade of the building horizontally. On the upper part of the facade there is a fairly large rosette window; the arch forms a portico located directly above the entrance to the cathedral. St. Tryphon Cathedral is part of the World Heritage Site "Natural and Cultural-Historical Region of Kotor". 
In the northern part of the old Kotor there is another building that attracts the attention of not only ordinary tourists, but also those who are interested in the history of Orthodoxy - this is the Church of St. Nicholas. The construction of the church began in 1902 on the foundations of a burnt-out building; construction was completed in 1909 - the date of completion of construction is imprinted on the facade of the building. The famous architect Chorill Ivekovic worked on the project of the temple. Built in the Byzantine style, with one nave, with two bell towers on the main facade, the church is remarkably visible from the city wall, which is adjacent to it. The Church of St. Nicholas is the only Orthodox church in Kotor where services are held daily. 
The old town of Kotor is considered to be one of the best-preserved medieval urban centers on the Adriatic, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. From 1420 to 1797, Kotor and its environs were under the rule of the Venetian Republic and Venetian influence remained dominant in the architecture of the city. The city walls were continuously built and rebuilt from the 9th to the 19th century. The walls surround the old town and rise to a rocky hill, on the slope of which is Kotor. Their length is 4.5 kilometers, their height reaches 20 meters, and their thickness is 16 meters. On the top of a hill at an altitude of 260 meters above sea level - the fortress of St. John 
The Kotor Fortress is one of the unique attractions. The construction of the citadel was started by the Romans, destroying the foundation and walls, which had been erected here by the Illyrians. The next to capture this strategically important bay were the Byzantines: they destroyed the already dilapidated citadel and built a new one in its place. Further, the citadel of Kotor was influenced by many different invaders. The Byzantines in the middle of the 9th century were replaced by Arabs, followed by Bulgarians, Venetians and Serbs. During the Venetian rule (15-17 centuries) the Ottomans tried to besiege the fortress. In the 18th century. fortifications went to the Habsburgs, and at the beginning of the 19th century. - The French Empire. True, France did not have time to add something of its own to the appearance of the fortress: in 1814 the fortress was occupied by the British. By the decision of the Vienna Congress, Kotor returned to the bosom of the Austrian Empire. In 1979 the fortress was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
Fortress walls protect the old city from the north and southwest. Their length is 4.5 km, their thickness is from 2 to 16 m, and their height is 20 m. Amazing power! But the main reason why most of the tourists want to get here is 1460! steps (someone counted). To climb to the top of the mountain, directly to the fortress itself, you need to overcome them. And the path is thorny and long: the first part is the green path (easy), the second is yellow (medium difficulty), the third is red (the most difficult and dangerous). Some steps are destroyed, in some places the road goes directly over the cliff. 
View of the city walls from the river. 
Perast is an ancient city in Montenegro. Located on the shores of the Bay of Kotor, the Adriatic Sea, a few kilometers northwest of Kotor. Perast lies at the foot of St. Elijah's Hill (873 m), on a promontory that separates the Risan Bay from the Bay of Kotor (which, in turn, are part of the Bay of Kotor), directly opposite the Verige Strait, the narrowest part of Boka. 
The name of the city is believed to be derived from the name of the Illyrian Pirust tribe. Traces of a Neolithic culture (circa 3500 BC) were found in the Spila Cave above Perast. Various archaeological evidence of the Illyrian, Roman and early Christian periods have also been found here. Founded by the Illyrians. Despite its small size, Perast is immensely popular among tourists as it is one of the most beautiful examples of Baroque architecture on the shores of the Adriatic. Each house in the city, and there are not so few of them, is like a real museum, and the surrounding beauty of the bay gives Perast even more charm. According to the 2003 census, the city has 349 inhabitants 
There are two small islands near Perast: St. George Island and Gospa od Shkrpela Island 
One of the islands is called the island of St. George, on which stands a picturesque Benedictine abbey, which was first mentioned in 1166 as the property of the city of Kotor. Examination of the few surviving fragments of the original architectural decoration led to the conclusion that the abbey existed at least as early as the 9th century. The island remained Kotor's possession until 1634, when the Venetian Senate passed the patronage over it. The island was constantly threatened by invasions and earthquakes. In 1535, the townspeople of Perast killed Abbot Pascal, who was elected by the city council of Kotor (as a sign of repentance, the people of Perast rebuilt and expanded the church on a neighboring island). In 1571, the Turkish pirate Caradoz burned both the abbey and the entire Perast (restoration began only in 1603). During the Great Earthquake on April 6, 1667, the Abbey on St. George Island was destroyed again. In 1812, the abbey was captured by the French, who were later expelled by the townspeople of Perast. In 1814 the abbey was taken over by the Austrians. The abbey houses the works of the 15th century by Lovro Marinov Dobrichevich, a famous artist from Kotor. 
Another island is called "Gospa od Skrpela" (Italian Madonna dello Scarpello, which means "Madonna on the Reef" or "Mother of God on the Rock" (from the Latin "scropulus" - "reef"). Gospa od Skrpela is perhaps the only man-made the island of the Adriatic and is located 115 meters north-west of the island of St. George.It was built on top of the reef after in 1452 two sailors from Perast, the Mortesici brothers, found on it an icon of the Mother of God, which healed one of them from illness After that, the icon immediately became venerated.Initially the reef was only slightly above the surface of the water, but the townspeople for 200 years flooded the captured pirate and their old ships next to it (in addition, a law was passed according to which every ship passing by the reef had to to throw a stone on the bottom here.) Thus, a plateau was created, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 3030 m2. 
The Church of the Mother of God was built on the island (it took its modern form after the reconstruction undertaken after the Great Earthquake on April 6, 1667). The church was built in the Byzantine style and is 11 meters high. It is believed that the inhabitants of Perast built the church not only because they wanted to see the Virgin Mary as the patroness of their sailors, but also to secure their power over the man-made island, as opposed to Kotor's power over the island of St. George. At the end of the 17th century, Perast reached the peak of economic and cultural development, which helped to decorate the Church of the Mother of God on the Rock with many works of art. So, Andriya Zmaevich invited Tripo Kokol to decorate it, who spent about 10 years to complete the painting of the church. For centuries, the church received gifts from wealthy townspeople and ship captains and is now not only a temple, but also a treasury and an art gallery. There are 68 oil paintings here. On the walls of the church, you can see 2500 gold and silver "vow" plates, which the inhabitants of Boka Kotorska donated to the church "in fulfillment of this vow" for deliverance from various disasters. 
The canyons of the Tara and Moraca rivers are the most amazing corner of Montenegro. In our opinion, this particular excursion is considered the most interesting in Montenegro. For almost fourteen hours we traveled by bus along the winding Montenegrin serpentines. To fly to Montenegro and not go to see the canyons is almost the same as never going to the beach. In the photo - Moraca River Canyon. 
Around each turn, truly amazing mountain landscapes and fantastic views of the rivers running somewhere far below opened up. Well, what can we say - the nature in Montenegro is simply amazing. 
Lake Biogradsko is often called the heart of the Biogradska Gora National Park - it really is its central part and the most attractive destination for tourists visiting the region. This unique nature reserve, one of the most beautiful lakes of the entire Balkan Peninsula, is able to give a lot of pleasant impressions from the dense forests surrounding it, clean mountain air and clear blue water, which have remained unchanged for several centuries. 
Lake Biogradskoe is located in an intermountain basin of glacial origin at an altitude of 1,094 m above sea level. It is the largest of the 6 lakes scattered throughout the Biogradska Gora National Park. The surface area is 228,500 m², the average depth is 4.5 m, and the maximum depth is 12.1 m. The Lavel stream and the Biogradskaya river flow into the lake. From Lake Biogradskoe flows the Jezerstica River, which is a tributary of the Tara. 
Montenegro is famous for its many beautiful places. One of them is the Tara River Canyon, the deepest in Europe and the second in the world after the Grand Canyon! All around are beautiful mountains, gorges and waterfalls. The length of this miracle of nature is 82 km, in some places the height of the walls reaches more than 1300 meters. 
Huge massive mountains seem to hang over your head. 
One of the most beautiful places in the Tara canyon is the river bend. At this point, it bends in the form of a huge horseshoe. 
The canyon is located between the Sinjaevina and Durmitor mountains on one side, and Lyubishnya and Zlatni Bor on the other, being part of the Durmitor national park. The territory of the canyon with the Durmitor park is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
It is simply impossible to tell about the number of amazing landscapes that we managed to see. Not a single photo in any way conveys the fantastic beauty of this place, in any description it seems faded in comparison with reality. 
The Djurjevic Bridge is a concrete arched bridge across the Tara River in northern Montenegro. Located at the crossroads between the towns of Mojkovac, Zabljak and Pljevlja. The Djurdzhevich Bridge got its name from the name of the owner of the farm, which is located nearby. The Djurdjevic Bridge was designed by Miyat Troyanovich. It was built between 1937 and 1940 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The chief project engineer is Isaac Russo. The 5-arch bridge is 365 meters long, the longest span is 116 meters. The height of the roadway of the bridge from the Tara River is 172 meters. At the time of completion, it was the largest road concrete arch bridge in Europe. The bridge has become the country's trademark. 
Yugoslav partisans in 1942, with the help of one of the bridge construction engineers - Lazar Yaukovich - blew up the central arch, and preserved the rest of the spans. The explosion of the longest span destroyed the only crossing of the Tara River canyon in the area, which led to a halt in the Italian offensive in this part of Montenegro. The Italians got so angry that they specifically looked for Lazar Yaukovich, and in the end he was captured and shot. A monument to the engineer stands at the entrance to the bridge. These events were depicted in the 1969 Yugoslav film The Bridge and the British film Hurricane from Navarone. The bridge was rebuilt in 1946. Excursion buses constantly come to it. For everyone on the Djurdjevic Bridge there is a camping with a parking lot, a shop, a hostel and a gas station. 
A magnificent view opens from the Djurdjevic Bridge. Feeling like you're floating in the air. There is a huge abyss under your feet and somewhere far below the waves of Tara are seething. 
Around the mountains, cliffs, forest, clean air ... joy in the soul from this extraordinary beauty! 
Durmitor National Park is a real miracle of nature in Montenegro. Ancient forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and alpine meadows are spread over a vast area. Somewhere here are lost small villages, people in which live almost the same way as many hundreds of years ago, without changing the centuries-old way of life. Durmitor is confidently included in the list of the most interesting sights of Montenegro. The Durmitor National Park, established in 1952, includes the Durmitor mountain range, the canyons of the Tara, Sushitsa and Draga rivers, as well as the upper part of the Komarnitsa plateau. The total area is 390 km². In 1980 it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
Some believe that the word "durmitor" comes from the Celtic language and means - "mountains in which there are many waters", others - that from Latin this word means "sleeping, immersed in eternal sleep." During the Ice Age, everything here was covered with ice, and with the arrival of the thaw, many beautiful mountain lakes were formed. There are about 18 of them; the most famous of them is the Black Lake ("Crno Jezero"), which the locals call "black eyes", because a large lake flows into a small lake across the isthmus and forms a semblance of eyes. 
In addition to lakes, Durmitor is famous for its mountain peaks, some of which are covered with snow even in summer. The highest point of the mountain range is Bobotov Kuk; its height is 2523 m. This Peak has a strange but euphonious name and is said to be the highest mountain peak in the Republic of Montenegro. It is one of 48 peaks with heights of over 2000 meters, located on the territory of the Durmitor mountain range. 
Black Lake is comfortably located at the foot of the Bobotov Kuk Mountain at an altitude of 1416 m. Its area is 516 m². The water in the lake is of high purity and transparency, you can drink it without fear. The water in the lake is so clear that it can be seen at a depth of 9 meters. In fact, it consists of two small bodies of water - the Big and the Small, connected by a narrow strait. Among other things, Black Lake is also very beautiful - a dense coniferous forest is reflected in its calm waters, which gives the reservoir a rich blue-green color. 
Durmitor is the embodiment of a real fairy tale. There are ice lakes, and spacious meadows covered with a variety of flowers, and thickets of dense coniferous forest, where you can always hear the singing of birds and see squirrels jumping along the branches. 
The terrain of Montenegro is not conducive to the appearance of wide, flat autobahns - most of the country is covered with mountains and hills, along which narrow serpentines and mountain roads are laid. These very roads in Montenegro, in the mountainous terrain, are a real test for the driver and passengers - a lot of extreme impressions from the trip are guaranteed! 
Skadar Lake is one of the main attractions of Montenegro. Skadar Lake or Shkoder is the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula. Located on the territory of the two states Montenegro and Albania, 2/3 of the lake belongs to Montenegro. In 1983, Lake Skadar became a national park, this place is very beautiful, rich in fish and a huge number of birds, and there are numerous small villages on the coast. This is the largest natural freshwater body of water in the entire Balkan Peninsula - its average area is 475 square kilometers! 
Lake reeds, southern reeds and narrow-leaved cattails, white water lilies, yellow pods and chilim grow on the lake. The lake is rich in fish and waterfowl. Bleaks, carp, podust, freshwater eels, noble salmon, roach, shad, pachychilons, mullet and rudd are widespread. Birds are represented by no less than 26 species. In winter, more than 200 thousand birds live on the lake. 
The lake's water surface is about 390 km², but it can increase to 530 km² in winter floods. The average area is 475 km². The total length of the coast is 168 km: 110.5 km in Montenegro and 57.5 km in Albania. The maximum depth of the lake is over 60 meters, the average is 6 meters. 
The climate in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lake is Mediterranean, with mild and rainy winters. The average January temperature is 7.3 ° C. Summers are dry and hot, the air is heated above 40 ° C, the water is above 27 ° C 
Skadar Lake has a rich history and culture, as evidenced by numerous archaeological finds, medieval monasteries and churches, fortresses and local architecture (fishing villages, bridges, mills and wells). On the lake islands, of which there are only 55, and on the shore, by the lake, there are many interesting historical sights and monuments, including old churches and operating monasteries (Vranina, Starchevo, Beshka, Morachnik and others). 
The lake has been a protected National Park since 1983 and in 1996 was included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance by the 1971 Ramsar Convention. 
Cetinje Monastery is an Orthodox monastery of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the historical and spiritual capital of Montenegro, the city of Cetinje. The monastery was built in 1484. The main shrine kept in the monastery is the imperishable right hand of St. John the Baptist. This is one of the most revered shrines of the Christian world, since according to the Bible, John the Baptist laid his right hand on the head of Jesus Christ during Baptism. 
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin on Chipur. 
The village of Njegushi is a quiet, peaceful place, which is located on the slope of Mount Lovcen at an altitude of 900 m above sea level in the municipality of Cetinje. Now the village has turned into a real tourist town, in which there are no more than 50 houses and about 200 people. This settlement is known for producing the famous throughout Montenegro Negus prosciutto (dried pork ham), as well as famous homemade cheeses and natural mountain honey. Here you can also see how this meat is made, buy it as a souvenir or try prosciutto in local konoba. The fact is that it is here that nature itself has created ideal conditions for making prosciutto - a cool climate and mountain air that mixes with the sea. This is what gives the unique flavor to prosciutto from Njegusi. 
Montenegro is very rich in the most amazing sights. Here you can see not only magnificent natural landscapes, but also ancient churches, temples, fortresses. Even the most successful photographs in no way convey the beauty that we will remember for a lifetime. No wonder Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky wrote: "One birth is not enough for me, I would grow from two roots, It's a pity that Montenegro did not become my second homeland ..."
Montenegro is renowned for its diverse natural landscapes, especially inland. However, tourists are mostly interested in the main coast of Montenegro. We will talk about him in this article.
The length of the coast of Montenegro is 293 km. It consists of two separate parts: Boka Kotorska in the north (Bay of Kotor, a series of four basins connected by straits and surrounded by hills) and the "usual" coast in the south.
On the northern and eastern edge of the Bay of Kotor, the mountains rise almost vertically from the sea to the peaks Oriyen (1895 m) and Lovcen (1749 m). Warm air from the sea rises over the rocks, cools quickly and causes rain. Due to the abundant rainfall, the entire coast of the bay remains very green even during the warmest summer months. The vicinity of the Bay of Kotor is one of the regions in Europe with the highest rainfall.
The rest of the coastline is open to the sea. There are many long and relatively wide beaches. The region is dominated by Mediterranean vegetation with dense evergreen bushes and many aromatic plants. Tall cypresses, sea pines and olive groves are also common on the southern coast of Montenegro.
As for the weather on this coast, the summer is long and hot, and the winters are mild and rainy.
Montenegro coast map
Unfortunately, we could not find a good map of the Montenegrin coast in Russian, but we did find several detailed maps showing all the important cities and resorts of Montenegro on the Adriatic coast. We recommend that you enlarge the map to see it in more detail. To enlarge, click on the map itself, and then on the "Zoom" icon.
Cities and resorts of Montenegro on the coast
Almost the entire city of Montenegro on the seaside are resorts. Only some of the most famous cities in Montenegro are not on the coastline (Podgorica, Cetinje, Zabljak). What cities and resorts in Montenegro are located on the seashore? These are such famous cities as (from north to south): Herceg Novi, Kotor, Tivat, Budva, Becici, Petrovac, Sutomore, Bar and Ulcinj. Of course, these are not all resorts. We talked about all these cities in separate articles, and some of them even dedicated entire sections on our website.Montenegro (Montenegrin Crna Gora, Crna Gora) - a state in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. It is a small country in the heart of the world with unique clean nature and eventful ancient history. Many great states have fought for this piece of paradise on the Adriatic coast, sheltered by mountains and hills, surrounded by forests and fertile lands.
Montenegro - a country of amazing and unexpected combinations: here mountain air and sea air; here Orthodox churches coexist with mosques; here people live in medieval castles and houses, whose walls have seen those events that they remember, respect and pass from mouth to mouth. Every corner of the earth is steeped in history. There were endless wars on these lands, they were constantly captured and conquered, belonged to countless foreign rulers, but despite everything, the Montenegrin people preserved themselves, their culture, their language. These people absorbed the best from every culture that came to their land, passed through themselves, but did not lose their characteristics. They are not like anyone else. They are proud and distinctive.
Montenegro washed Adriatic Sea, has land borders with Croatia in the West, Bosnia and Herzegovina- in North-west, Serbia - in the northeast, partially recognized Republic of Kosovo - in the east and Albania southeast. Until June 2006, it was part of the Confederal State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, occupying 13.5% of its total territory.
Climate in Montenegro depending on the relief, it varies from alpine in the mountains to Mediterranean subtropical on the coast. Summer by the sea is hot, long and rather dry, winter is short and humid. The sea water temperature during the swimming season, which lasts from the end of April to the end of October, is + 20 + 26 ° С, the average air temperature in summer is + 28 ° С, in winter + 11.5 ° С. Precipitation falls mainly in the form of snow. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain, in the mountains near the sea coast in some places it falls over 3000 mm. In the northern regions of Montenegro, snow lasts up to 5 months a year. The number of hours of sunshine per year: in Igalo - 2386, in Ulcinj - 2700.
The capital and largest city of Montenegro is Podgorica. The historical and cultural capital is the city Cetinje.
Airports: Tivat, Podgorica
Flight: from Moscow to Tivat airport the flight duration is about 3 hours
Visa: Citizens of the Russian Federation are allowed to stay in the country without a visa for up to 30 days.
Time:time zone +1, 2 hours behind Moscow time
Daylight saving time starts on Sunday, March 25, 2012 02:00 local standard time
DST ends on Sunday, 28 October 2012 03:00 local daylight time
Local population: population - 650,000 people: Montenegrins, Serbs, Albanians, Croats, Bosnians
Square: 13 812 sq. km;
Language: Montenegrin (Jekov dialect of Serbian language)
Religion: Orthodoxy, but many Catholics and Muslims
Currency: Euro (EURO)
Kitchen: local cuisine consists of three directions: fish, Italian and original Serbian cuisine.Fish dishes are quite expensive, but very tasty, high quality and fresh. Serbian cuisine consists mainly of meat dishes and vegetables. Montenegro produces pretty good wine. The most famous brand is called "Vranac". The strong local drinks include Krunak, Rakia and Shlivovitsa.
The cost of dishes without seafood is 8-15 euros, with seafood - 20-25 euros. Please note that the Russian idea of \u200b\u200ba portion is significantly different from the Montenegrin one. The restaurants serve really huge portions. One serving should be enough for two people.
Infrastructure and entertainment: shops and supermarkets are open from 6:00 to 22:00, and some are open 24 hours a day. Nightlife in bars and nightclubs continues until about 2 am. Excursion programs in Montenegro, whose territory is rich in both places with amazingly beautiful nature, and historical and cultural monuments, deserve attention. The hotels and rooms have Russian satellite channels. Banks are open from 8.00 to 13.00 and from 17.00 to 20.00 on weekdays.
Transport: there is regular public transport between cities and within them. A very convenient means of transportation in Montenegro is a taxi. Compared to Moscow prices, Montenegrin taxi services are very cheap. It is possible to rent a car, but for this you need to be over 21 years old and have more than 2 years of driving experience. A deposit of 150-300 euros is usually left for the car. Daily rent from 35 euros per day.
Useful phones:
Code of the country:381
Consulate General of Russia in Montenegro (Podgorica): 272460; 272450
Police: 92
Emergency: 94
Fire protection: 93
Exact time: 95
Roadside assistance: 987
Post office reference service: 988
Russian name - Montenegro, international - Montenegro comes from the toponym Crna Gora (black mountain).
The country's territory can be roughly divided into three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, a relatively flat central part of the country, on which two of its largest cities are located: Podgorica and Niksic, and mountain ranges of the east of the country.
The continental coastline of Montenegro has a length of about 300 km. Montenegro has 14 sea islands, the total length of the coastline of which is 15.6 km. In the north-west of the country there is a large bay, Boka Kotorska, with a water surface area of \u200b\u200b87.3 km2 and cutting into the land for 29.6 km. The length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km. The sea water temperature for seven months ranges from + 12 to +26 ° C, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
The longest rivers in Montenegro: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Cheotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Boyana (30 km). Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) along their entire length flow through the territory of Montenegro. The Boyana River was previously the only navigable river in Montenegro; it is not currently shipping. Most of the Montenegrin rivers are mountainous and form deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon, about 1200 m deep, is the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. The largest lake in Montenegro and the entire Balkan Peninsula - Skadar. The total area of \u200b\u200bits water surface is 369.7 km2. Two thirds of the lake (by area) are located on the territory Montenegro, one third - on the territory Albania... The second largest lake in Montenegro - Shasskoe lake (3.64 km?), Located near Ulcinj. Also on the territory of Montenegro there are 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin (the so-called "Mountain eyes"), the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 3.89 km2.
More than 41% of the country's area is forests and woodlands, 39.58% - pastures. The flora of Montenegro is diverse. The Republic of Montenegro is an "environmentally friendly state", 8.1% of the territory is under various environmental regimes, including national reserves Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradskaya Gora, Skadar Lake and Prokletie.
Beach resorts
All resorts are located on the Adriatic coast. Most of the resort areas are concentrated in Budva Riviera.A little further west - Bay of Kotor, one of the most beautiful places in Montenegro.
The largest resorts are Budva, Kotor, Becici, Sveti Stefan, Petrovac. Budva is the capital of the administrative center of the same name. If you compare all the beach resorts in Montenegro, this city will be out of competition. The beaches are sandy and pebble. Have a blue flag to guarantee the quality of service. There are both paid and free beaches. Budva has its own architectural sights, but the city's nightlife is more remarkable. There are a lot of clubs, bars, restaurants here. Budva is more of a youth resort with a vibrant and beautiful nightlife. Club parties here are compared to the largest clubs in Europe. And all this has its own Slavic flavor.
Budva Riviera - this is the largest tourist center of Montenegro, famous primarily for its luxurious sandy beaches, amazing Mediterranean architecture and a rather lively nightlife. Concerts, discos, all kinds of shows are held in institutions not only in Budva, but also in all the surrounding towns of Budva, bars and restaurants receive guests almost all night, and the music does not stop almost all night.
Budva Riviera is one of the most popular resorts in Montenegro. This resort is located in the middle part of the Adriatic coast of Montenegro and consists of the city of Budva and its environs. The length of the Riviera about 35 km along the seashore, almost 15 of them are beaches, most of which are public. Along the entire coast of the Budva Riviera, there are hotels of different levels, various villas, apartments that are ready to receive tourists for any period of time. Many families come here for more than one year in a row. The most popular resorts of the Budva Riviera - Budva, Becici, Rafailovici, Przno, Milocer, Sveti Stefan, Petrovac, Sutomore and Bar.
Interesting for many island of St. Nicholas, uninhabited, but often visited by tourists (5 minutes by boat from Budva, Becici, or Sveti Stefan). Part of this beach is given over to nudists. The most prestigious villages this region are Sveti Stefan and Milocer, whose beaches were once part of the territory of the palace of the Serbian kings.
Beach vacation on the Budva Riviera you can diversify with interesting excursions inland and in neighboring cities, because Montenegro is a country with a rich history and immense cultural heritage. Traveling around the country from Budva and its environs is all the more attractive because from this part of the coast two main roads lead to Podgorica, Cetinje, Petrovac and to Lake Skadar - a unique natural object.
Kotor. A small town located on the coast of the Bay of Kotor. The nature here is striking in its majestic beauty. There are not so many beaches as in Budva, and they are all pebble. Kotor outshines all other resorts in terms of the richness of its excursion program and the number of architectural monuments. In addition, there are the most inexpensive hotels in Montenegro, which are mostly four stars. In general, Kotor is a place for a calm, contemplative rest.
Djenovici - a small town in the Bay of Kotor, not far from Herceg Novi. Here, far from the noisy discos and bustle of large cities, lovers of a quiet beach holiday will be able to fully enjoy the atmosphere of a measured resort life. Staying in a comfortable villa or apartment "Smokva" 4 *, you can watch how time slowly moves in the rhythm of solar cycles, and the waves roll over pebble beaches, obeying the eternal laws of ebb and flow. Along the coast there is an embankment with numerous cafes and restaurants, where you can taste dishes of national cuisine, or even just sit with a cup of coffee. Don't miss the opportunity to order a dessert: the traditional kolac will amaze you with a variety of fillings and a bright range of flavors.
Becici. Small town less than an hour's walk from Budva. Has excellent pebble beaches, awarded with a number of international awards. Becici is a fairly modern resort town. There are a lot of new hotels, restaurants, cafes. Most of the beaches are equipped with sports fields. Both amateur and professional beach sports competitions are held regularly.
Saint Stephen was originally a military fort, which served as a defense against pirate attacks. Now, Sveti Stefan is the most unusual hotel complex in Europe. The outer architecture remained intact, while the inner rooms were transformed into luxurious rooms. Here you can rent the most expensive apartments in Montenegro.
Petrovac - another pebble beach of the coast. The city is surrounded by a dense array of thickets of olive trees ... Petrovac is a calm, quiet resort. It is an ideal place for families with children. Like all hotels, Petrovac hotels are geared towards any tourist's wallet. You can move into a suite with four or five stars, or you can find an inexpensive but cozy hotel with two stars.
Ski resorts Kolashin - a trendy ski resort, which is located near the Biograd Biosphere Reserve, which guarantees the cleanest air and pristine nature. Kolashin is shrouded in an aura, almost home comfort. There is no place for youth fuss and drive. In the vicinity of Kolasin, you can rent the most comfortable apartments. The ski slopes of Kolasin are quite modern and comfortable. Both beginners and experienced skiers can ride here. The prices for equipment rental are the lowest in Europe. Zabljak is the center of winter tourism. In addition to traditional ski slopes, mountaineering and hiking are developed here, and rafting on the Tara River annually attracts thousands of extreme lovers from all over the world. Hotels here for every budget, from two to four stars. IN Zabljak, you can rent the most comfortable villas in Montenegro.
Montenegro hotels Most of the hotels are located near the beaches, which makes them so attractive to tourists. All Montenegrin hotels, even with two stars, offer a very decent service. Accommodation is very popular in villas and apartments. If you dream of daily sunbathing and evenings by the sea, your choice is, of course, a separate house or apartment, Montenegro offers you a wide variety of comfortable and luxurious accommodation. Travel company "Scarab" offers for clients affordable prices for the best apartments "Smokva" 4 * in Djenovici in Montenegro. The attitude of the Montenegrins towards Russians is expressed in a popular saying: "With Russians, we are 300 million ...".Our compatriots are loved and respected here. There are no language barriers and cannot be - Russian and Montenegrin have several thousand similar words, and in Russian, most of the staff speaks well.
