Korea on the world map
From the 16th to the 19th century, Korea followed a policy of self-isolation, so we can't say much about Korea at that time. It is known that in those territories there were several states that fought with each other, constantly defending their territorial, economic and cultural interests. Ultimately, the state of Goryeo was formed at the end of the 10th century. And in 1392, Goryeo was replaced by the state of Joseon. Well, then came the period of that same self-isolation, right up to the 19th century.
Korea on the world map
At the end of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan established a protectorate over Korea. And soon, namely on August 22, 1910, an agreement was signed on the annexation of Korea to Japan and the transition to the authority of the Japanese government. And for several decades Korea became a colony of Japan.
And after a while, in 1945, when Japan was defeated in World War II, the treaty became invalid and was officially annulled by representatives of both sides, this happened in 1965. Thus, South Korea was in the zone of responsibility of the United States, and North Korea was in the zone of responsibility of the USSR.
Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea.
And in the window below you can make virtual walk around the city of Seoul - the capital South Korea.
Use the navigation arrows in the upper left corner of the image. You can change the viewing angle using the arrows on the keyboard. To move around the image, you can click in the image area. Arrows on city streets show routes. You can change your position on the city map by dragging the yellow man in the lower right corner of the image with your mouse:
Streets of Seoul
Panoramas of Seoul
Detailed map of North and South Korea
The map can be zoomed in and out
The landscape of the Korean land is predominantly mountainous; there are plains, but they occupy a small area. The climate is influenced by the monsoons, with summers being quite hot and humid and winters being drier and colder.
Meanwhile, Korea boasts an ancient and rich culture. Ancient monuments of Korean architecture, such as Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul, arouse the admiration of tourists. The palace complex contains the memory of history, ancient rulers, their way of life and household items - the Korean government scrupulously preserves its own history and traditions.
And of course, many people know Korean cuisine. The abundance of spices, pungency, and red pepper gives Korean dishes flavor and recognition among dishes from other countries. Many people know Kimchi (Chimchi) - a spicy salad containing sauerkraut, radishes and many different spices.
The martial art of taekwondo can also be added to culture and philosophy. It has become widespread throughout the world.
Korean cinema has also achieved relative fame, in particular the classic Korean cinema director Kim Ki-duk with his philosophical films.
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South Korea is located in East Asia in the south of the Korean Peninsula. It has common border from the DPRK, washed Sea of Japan, Coe Strait and the Yellow Sea. Territory - 99,720 sq. km, population - more than 51 million people, capital - Seoul.
The peninsula stretches from north to south for about 1,000 km. Not far from the peninsula there are 3.5 thousand islands, mostly uninhabited. In the north of the peninsula, the Tumangan and Yalu Rivers separate the territories from the Chinese provinces. Most of the peninsula is covered by low mountain ranges. The most high point- Hallasan volcano (1,950 meters) on Jeju Island.
The largest river in South Korea - the Naktong - is 521 km long, in addition to it there are shallow Hangan (514 km), Kumgan (401 km), Imjdingan, Pukhangan and Somjingan. The vegetation is varied: oak and broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests grow along the lower belt of the mountains. The country is dominated by a monsoon climate, with air masses coming from Asia. Winters are dry, cold (up to −5 °C) and long, summers are short and hot (+23–26 °C). The bulk of precipitation falls during the rainy season from June to September.
In just a few decades of the last century, South Korea has transformed from economically backward, unknown to anyone, into one of the most highly developed countries in the world. Its products are exported and are in great demand in the world market. And Korean pop music and TV series are becoming increasingly popular. However, Korea still remains a mystery to us.
If you do happen to visit the “land of morning freshness,” then you will have the opportunity to come into contact with this unusual oriental culture. Amazingly beautiful mountains, city streets constantly seething with life at night, ultra-modern buildings and ancient Buddhist temples... At the same time, you can feel the how much care Koreans take towards their history and their native land. And it is not surprising, because this is manifested in literally everything: in food, in home improvement, and, especially, in their attitude towards nature and traditions.
A state with a five-thousand-year history
According to the legend of Tangun, the first ancestor of the Korean nation, the first mention of the state on the territory of modern Koreadated back to 2333 BC. After the decline of Ancient Joseon, as it was then called, the period of three states began. These were the states of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, created by various tribes and waging wars among themselves for supremacy on the peninsula.
Silla, increasing its military and cultural potential, and having managed to unite with the Chinese army, defeated its rivals Goguryeo and Baekje. The era of Unified Silla (668-935) began, when a single state was created on the peninsula for the first time. It was a time of magnificent flowering of culture with state patronage of Buddhism.
After the decline of Silla, a new dynasty came to power - Goryeo (918 - 1392). It is noteworthy that at the beginning of the second millennium, Europeans and Arabs learned about the Korean state, and the word “Koryo” became firmly entrenched in their pronunciation of the name of the country. This is where it came from modern name Korea.
A distinctive feature of the last ruling Joseon dynasty (1392 - 1910) was that although the ruler was a monarch, he had a political counterweight in the form of Confucian-educated officials and scholars. During this period, both culture and technology developed widely, as exemplified by the creation of the Korean alphabet and various inventions (for example, the rain gauge).
Between 1910 and 1945, Korea came under the colonial rule of its neighbors, Japan. At that time, the policy pursued by the Japanese aimed at the complete assimilation of Koreans, depriving them of their national roots. It was forbidden to pronounce your first and last names in Korean, speak Korean, or even use the Korean alphabet. With graduation in 1945. World War II, the Japanese army was expelled from the country, and the colonial phase ended.
After liberation in 1945, American troops were stationed in the southern part of the country, and Soviet troops in the northern part. Each of these two zones had its own military administration, and this became the first seed of the further division of the country. North Korea's attack on the South began the Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953. As a result of the intervention of the allied UN forces and the Chinese army in the conflict, it ended with the final division of the country in 1953. The country was divided into the Communist-dominated Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the North and the democratic Republic of Korea in the South.
In the late 80s, political democratization was carried out in South Korea (direct presidential elections were introduced). Along with this, in relations with the North there was a departure from the attitudes of the times " cold war", both countries focused their efforts on resuming political relations and peaceful cooperation.
Economy - “a miracle on the Han River”
Due to its high economic growth rates, Korea, along with Singapore and Taiwan, is called the Asian Tiger in fiction. If in the 60s. gross national product (per capita income) was approximately $100 (which is comparable to similar indicators in underdeveloped countries of Africa and Asia), today it reaches more than $30 thousand.
Rapid economic growth was caused primarily by the new policies of the government that came to power in 1962. President Park Chung Hee. They aimed to support a close relationship between government and business, which helped limit imports to protect the economy, encourage investment in consumption and import of raw materials, and borrow technology. Since the announcement of the First Five-Year Plan, the Korean economy has grown at a rapid rate for 30 years, and the structure of the economy has changed significantly. If earlier it relied mainly on agriculture and light industry, then in the 70s and 80s it shifted towards heavy industry. Currently, the service sector (insurance companies, hotels, sports and entertainment institutions, restaurants, etc.) has become dominant in the economy, accounting for two-thirds of the country's GDP.
Now the largest industries are: electronics manufacturing, shipbuilding, automotive, construction and textiles. South Korea is the world's fifth largest manufacturer of automobiles and the world's second largest manufacturer of boats and ships. The largest enterprises producing automobile products are Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors, GM Daewoo Auto & Technology.
In addition, South Korea is one of the world's leading producers of consumer electronics. Among the main electronics manufacturers - LG, Samsung and Daewoo Electronics - produce almost the entire range of electrical products - video, audio equipment and household appliances, which are mainly exported.
About Korean culture and traditions
Despite its relatively small area, the country is home to about 50 million people. The main religions are Christianity (26% of the population) and Buddhism (23%), approximately 45% of the population do not identify themselves with any religion.
Respect for elders and hard work are the two main principles on which Korean culture is based. From early childhood, children are taught to address elders using special forms of respect. You cannot address an older family member by name, much less say “you” to him. It is not surprising that among the first questions asked when meeting an interlocutor will be about his age and social status. And they ask about this not out of idle interest, but in order to determine their position in relation to the person.
The rooms in the house where Koreans live are multifunctional. Depending on the circumstances, they can be used both as a bedroom and as a dining room. Most Koreans eat and sleep right on the floor, making a bed or setting up a table for meals. Since ancient times, it was customary in Korea to heat a room using hot air, which was pumped directly under the floor. This traditional heating method is called “ondol”, which means hot stone. Now, instead, in modern apartments and houses, hot water circulates under the floor, and the floor itself is usually covered with linoleum.
The main holidays in Korea are Chuseok (harvest and thanksgiving festival) and Seollal (Korean New Year), which are marked by lunar calendar. These days, it is customary for the whole family to get together and eat dishes specially prepared for this occasion (for example, tokguk - soup with rice dumplings). Also an important part of the holiday are rites of remembrance of ancestors. During celebrations, Koreans like to dress up in traditional Korean attire - hanbok. Just 30-40 years ago, hanbok was everyday wear, but now it can be seen mainly at celebrations, weddings and national holidays.
The national cuisine of Korea is famous for its variety of dishes and, especially, for the large number of vegetables and herbs used in it. Since ancient times, rice has been the main food product. According to tradition, a certain number of appetizers were served with the main course (from 3 types in poor families and up to 12 on the imperial table). Now also widely used different kinds meat, fish and all kinds of seafood. Korean cuisine is unthinkable without kimchi (traditional pickled cabbage). Moreover, every family has its own secret of making kimchi, which is passed down from generation to generation.
What to see in Korea?
If you want to see ultra-modern Korea, then you should first visit Seoul, the largest business, financial and shopping mall countries. Most notable are: Building 63 (the tallest in the city), Seoul Tower and various amusement parks (Lotte World, Seoul Land). Gyeongbokgung, the main of the five large royal palaces built during the Joseon Dynasty, is also located here. And Changdeokgung Palace is famous for its beautiful garden, which was previously a favorite vacation spot for kings.
Busan is the second largest city in the country, called the main maritime capital of Korea. Known for its skyscrapers, beautiful beaches and the giant Gwangnam Bridge connecting the two shores of the bay.
For lovers of ancient antiquity, we advise you to go to the city of Gyeongju, which was previously the center of the ancient state of Silla. There are many ancient fortresses, historical monuments, and museums. Since Buddhism is one of the main religions in the country, a huge number of Buddhist temples have been built here. Among them, those included in the list stand out world heritage UNESCO: Bulguksa Temple, as well as Haeinsa Temple in the Kayasan Mountains, where the famous Buddhist scripture Tripitaka is kept.
More than half of the country's surface is covered with mountains and hills. Most beautiful mountains- extinct Hallasan volcano on Jeju Island, Chirisan Mountains in the south (1915 meters), picturesque mountains Seoraksan (1709 meters) in the east and others. Almost anywhere in the vicinity large city you will find national mountain parks. Since there are special hiking trails in such mountains, you can go there without special equipment. All you need is comfortable shoes and a desire to admire the beauty from the heights of a mountain peak.
Ski lovers will also have a place to demonstrate their sports skills. To the east, Gangwon Province is home to the country's highest ski slopes: Yeongpyeong Resort is known as the "Mecca of Asia" winter sports"The Winter Olympics will be held here in 2018.
A large number of beautiful beaches, both on the Yellow Sea and on the East (Japanese) Sea, will appeal to those who like to sunbathe and swim. The pleasure of contact with the sea will be enhanced by a variety of resort infrastructure: various cafes, restaurants, equipment rental and much more. However, the swimming season does not last long: only from July to the end of August.
Separately, we should talk about Jeju Island, which is considered the main resort of South Korea. There is a mild subtropical climate, beautiful beaches, warm sea, mountains and waterfalls. Among the most interesting natural objects is Mount Hallasan - a once extinct volcano, which is interesting to climb at any time of the year. Manjangul Cave is famous for its mountain tunnels, through which streams of hot lava flowed during volcanic eruptions. In addition, new recreational places for tourists are open and constantly appearing on the island: various parks, botanical gardens, museums such as chocolate and teddy bears. This island is one of Koreans' favorite honeymoon destinations.
In conclusion, one cannot fail to mention the demilitarized zone, which stretches from west to east along the demarcation line (the border with the DPRK). A little over an hour's drive from Seoul there are facilities related to modern history Korea, namely with the Korean War of 1950-1953. Regular excursions are organized here. Thanks to this, you can visit the so-called Freedom House. This is the main tourist attraction of the DMZ, from where you can see North Korean lands with your own eyes (though through binoculars).
The official name of the country is the Republic of Korea. In most other countries, the South Korean version is common to distinguish it from its northern neighbor.
The Republic of Korea is located in East Asia, in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It is washed by seas on three sides: in the west – the Yellow Sea, in the east – the Japanese Sea, in the south – the East China Sea. There are many rivers in the territory.
The total area of the state is 9972 square meters. km. On detailed map South Korea shows that most of the country is occupied by mountains. The coast is heavily indented and surrounded by many small islands. Their total about 3000, and the length coastline 2413 km.
South Korea on the world map: geography, nature and climate
Those who want to find South Korea on the world map need to pay attention to the peninsula in the east of the Eurasian continent next to Japan. The only state with which there is a land border is the DPRK. Korea is separated from Japan by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (distance 200 km), and from China by the Yellow Sea (distance 190 km). In addition to the peninsula, the country includes the islands of the adjacent archipelago. Most of of which is uninhabited, largest island- Jeju. It also contains the most high mountain Korea - extinct volcano Hallasan (1950 m.). In its crater is Lake Pannoktam.
Relief
Almost ¾ of the territory is occupied by mountains and hills. Most of them are concentrated in the eastern and central parts of the country. Some mountain ranges form the East Korean mountain range. Seismic activity is low - although earthquakes do occur, they are rarely destructive.
Natural resources
Mineral resources are scarce in Korea. There are small deposits of iron ore, gold, silver, lead, zinc, tungsten, etc. The bulk of the resources are imported from other countries.
Reservoirs
The country has an extensive network of rivers originating in the mountains and flowing into the Yellow Sea. On the map of South Korea in Russian you can find the largest of them: Naktogang (521 km), Hangang (514 km), Kumgang (401 km). Most lakes are artificial (Andong, Jinyang, Anapzhi). Natural reservoirs are of volcanic or relict marine origin.
Flora and fauna
Previously, forests were actively cut down in the country, which caused soil erosion. Reforestation began in the mid-20th century, and trees now occupy a significant area (about 65%). The predominant coniferous species are spruce, thuja, fir, and cedar. Deciduous - oaks, chestnuts, lindens, hornbeams. In total, about 3,400 plants grow in natural conditions.
The forests are inhabited by wapiti, wild boars, foxes, deer, otters, and squirrels. Large predators - tigers, lynxes, leopards, bears - are less common. Birds live on the banks of rivers - herons, cranes, waders, ducks, guillemots, etc. Sea waters are rich in fish.
Climate of South Korea
The climate type is moderate monsoon. South of the country and about. Jeju is located in the subtropical monsoon zone. The influence of air masses coming from the mainland is stronger than those moving from the ocean. About 100 cm of precipitation falls per year, but it is distributed unevenly throughout the year.
Korea has four distinct seasons. In winter there is relatively little precipitation. The weather is sunny, average temperatures: +6°C in the south of the country, -4°C in the central part and -7°C in the mountains. Minimum temperatures reach -25°C. Spring begins in March-April, the average temperature is +15°C, +20°C, there is little rainfall.
Summer is the rainy season (mid-June - early August). The weather is hot, daytime temperatures reach +30°C, +35°C, average temperatures are about +26°C, humidity 80%. In the mountains the climate is slightly cooler and drier. By autumn, the rainy season ends and the heat subsides. average temperature October +13°C.
Map of South Korea with cities. Administrative division of the country
Basic principles of modern administrative division formed in 1896. The basic unit is the province (“before”). There are eight of them in the country. Provinces consist of cities and rural areas (counties). Cities, in turn, are divided into municipal districts (“gu”) and neighborhoods (“dong”), and counties into county towns (“Yb”), volosts (“men”) and villages (“ri”).
On the map of South Korea with cities in Russian, six largest metropolises stand out: Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon and Ulsan. They have a special status of “metropolises”. There is also a “city of special status” - Seoul and a “city with special autonomy” - Sejong.
Since before World War II the entire Korean peninsula belonged to one state, the territory of the DPRK is still considered part of the country according to the internal classification of South Korea.
Seoul
Seoul is the capital of the Republic of Korea. According to internal classification settlements is considered a “city of special status” - the only one of all administrative units. Located in the north-west of the country, on the banks of the Han River. The Yellow Sea is nearby (15 km in a straight line) and the border with the DPRK (24 km in a straight line).
Busan
Busan, the second largest city in Korea, has metropolitan status. Consists of 15 municipal districts. Located on the sea coast, Mount Geumjeongsan rises in the north of the city. The climate is humid, subtropical.
Daegu
Daegu, like Busan, has the status of a metropolis. Located in the southeastern part of the country, in a valley. Around the city low mountains, which protect it from cold winds in winter and retain moist hot air in summer. Two rivers flow through Busan - Geumhogang and Naktong.
