The Let L 410 "Turbolet" is a versatile nineteen-seat twin-engine aircraft for regional airlines. The aircraft with reduced take-off and landing properties (UVP in the name L410 UVPE20 means the Russian abbreviation "Shortened take-off and landing") was developed by the Let design bureau of the plant. It was intended for operation on grass, unpaved, unprepared snow sites, as well as at airports with short lanes. Manufactured to date at the Czech factory Let. Other names: Turbolet, Let, L410, Let L410, conversational names - Elka, Cheburashka.
History of production and creation
Aircraft design began in 1966. For the first time, an experimental aircraft equipped with a Pratt & Whitney PT6A27 (2x715hp) turbine engine passed flight tests on 04/16/1969. Regular use of L410A aircraft was opened by the first at the end of 1971, the Czechoslovakian aviation company Slov Air (Bratislava), which served the local aviation lines - by the beginning of 1974 it had acquired twelve aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. 5 aircraft (number 72010306 and number 720201) L410A with PT6A27 engines, built under the name L410AS by 1972, were transferred to the Soviet Union in 1973. The aircraft received registration Soviet numbers USSR67251 - USSR67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield by Frantisek Svinka, a Czech test pilot. The airfield people immediately called the pretty plane "Cheburashka".
In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft, equipped with the Czech theater of operations Walter M601A, began. The L410M became the second production version of the Turbolet. Until the end of 1978 for the Ministry civil aviation The Soviet Union received one hundred L410M / MU aircraft.
In 1979, the production of an improved modification L410UVP began, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from the previous versions by a longer fuselage, large vertical tail and wing sizes, the use of spoilers and the Walter M601V theater (2x730hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was taken into use by Aeroflot. A further development was the L410UVPE variant with more powerful TVDM601E. The first flight of such an aircraft took place on 12/30/1984. It has improved takeoff and landing characteristics and reduced noise levels in the cockpit. In 1986 he was certified in the Soviet Union. A modification of the L420 with powerful TVDM601 ° F (2x778hp), a larger take-off weight (6.8t) and improved flight properties was developed (flight tests of the aircraft started in 1993).
By the beginning of 1992, 750 L410 aircraft remained in the Soviet Union.
It is used in military and civilian flight schools for the preliminary training of future pilots of military transport and long-range aviation.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union and CMEA in the 1990s, the demand for L410 aircraft fell, and the rate of their production decreased by more than ten times (from 50 aircraft per year to two to five). The situation has improved significantly since 2008, when 51% of the shares of Let Kunovice (Aircraft Industries) were bought by the Russian company Uralskaya Mining and Metallurgical Company. The production rate in 2010-2012 was eight to ten aircraft per year. It is planned to increase the annual production rate to 16-18 aircraft.
In 2013, a modification of the L410 UVPE20 was produced, equipped with analog or digital avionics (optional), TCAS system, and autopilot. L410 UVPE20 is ARMAK type certified.
OJSC Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company in September 2013 acquired a 49 percent stake in LetKunovice (Aircraft Industries). Thus, UMMC became the sole owner of Aircraft Indistries, increasing its shareholding to 100 percent.
The aerodynamic configuration is a twin-engine turboprop high-wing aircraft with a single-fin tail.
L410 UVP-E20 Specifications:
Length: 14.487m.
Height: 5.83m.
Wingspan: 19.478m.
Wing area: 34.86sqm
Flight range: 1500 km.
Maximum speed: 395 km / h.
Ceiling: 8000m.
Number of passenger seats: 19 seats.
Crew: 2 people.
Motor type: 2 × TVD GEH80200
Takeoff power: 2 × 800hp
Propeller type: 2 × AVIA AV725.
Number of blades on the propeller: 5.
Propeller diameter: 2.3m.
Empty aircraft weight: 4050kg.
Maximum take-off weight: 6600kg.
Fuel mass in main tanks: 1000kg.
Fuel weight in end tanks: 300kg.
Is a short-haul aircraft for regional airlines, manufactured in the Czech Republic since 1969.
The Let L-410 Turbolet was developed in the mid-1960s specifically for 500-800 km airlines that needed a roomy, economical and unpretentious aircraft. In general, in terms of takeoff and landing capabilities, the aircraft required characteristics similar to the AN-2.
Let L-410 Turbolet made its maiden flight in April 1969.
The safety factor that the designers put into the aircraft allowed Let L-410 to take off and land on unprepared airfields and unpaved areas.
Salon Let L-410 is spacious and equipped with large round portholes and reasonable soundproofing. The passenger seats are arranged in a 2 + 1 configuration.
The liner is capable of carrying up to 19 passengers at a distance of 990 to 1,500 km.
Over the years of production, the aircraft has been constantly modernized in accordance with the requirements of the time. Today the aircraft continues to be produced.
Interior layout Let L-410 Turbolet:
Specifications:
ICAO code: L410
Crew: 2 persons
Length: 14.42 m
Wingspan: 19.48 m
Maximum occupancy: 19 passengers
Maximum takeoff weight: 6,400 kg
Cruising speed: 365 km / h
Range of flight: 1,500 km
TASS-DOSSIER. On November 15, 2017, the Let L-410UVP-E20 Turbolet of Khabarovsk Airlines was flying along the route Khabarovsk - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur - Nelkan village (Ayano-Maisky district Khabarovsk Territory), made a hard landing 2 km from the destination. Six people were killed, including two crew members. One child saved.
The editorial staff of TASS-DOSSIER compiled a chronology of the catastrophes of the L-410 aircraft in Russia. In total, from the end of 1991 to the present. in. five aircraft crashes of this type occurred on the territory of the Russian Federation (excluding the emergency on November 15, 2017). A total of 41 people died in them.
April 4, 1992 the aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67130) of Kamchatavia airlines, en route from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Baikovo (Sakhalin Region), crashed near the destination airport. There were 12 people on board - two pilots and 10 passengers. The crew violated the approach pattern, the plane collided with the ground 5 km from the runway. A loose propeller cut the fuselage behind the cockpit, one of the passengers died, and two more people were injured. The power elements of the aircraft were significantly damaged.
August 26, 1993 In Yakutia, the plane L-410UVP-E (registration number RA-67656) of the Sakha-Avia airline, following the route Kutana - Chagda - Aldan, crashed while landing at the last point of the route. There were 24 people on board - two pilots and 22 passengers, all of whom were killed. The commission investigating the crash found that the aircraft was heavily overloaded. Its landing weight exceeded the maximum allowable weight by 550 kg, this changed the balance of the aircraft when the crew began to extend the flaps, as a result of which the aircraft went into stall mode and collided with the ground. The pilots were found guilty of the emergency, who made the decision to fly despite significant excess of takeoff and landing masses, as well as in case of excessive rear alignment of the aircraft.
January 20, 1995 the aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67120) of the Abakan airline, flying 107 on the route Krasnoyarsk - Abakan, crashed during takeoff at the Krasnoyarsk airport Yelizovo. The plane was unable to gain altitude, collided with trees and collapsed 930 m from the runway. There were 19 people on board - two pilots and 17 passengers. Both crew members and one passenger were killed, 13 people were injured. The cause of the crash was the overload of the aircraft, the failure of the right engine and erroneous actions of the crew during takeoff with one engine running. The excess of the maximum allowable take-off weight of the aircraft by 278 kg was due to the fact that the staff of the Yemelyanovo airport and the crew placed in the cabin four passengers with luggage who did not have tickets for the flight.
March 1, 2003 a private plane L-410UVP (registration numbers RA-67418, FLA RF-01032), which was flying to drop athletes-parachutists, crashed near the Borki sports airfield in the Kimrsky district of the Tver region. Onboard there were two crew members and 23 parachutists (despite the fact that the maximum allowable number of parachutists in this version of the cabin layout is 12). The permissible take-off weight was exceeded by 618 kg. When, during the flight, the paratroopers headed for the exit in the tail section of the aircraft, the alignment was violated, the machine went into stall mode and, due to the non-design overloads that occurred, fell apart in the air. 11 people were killed - both crew members and nine athletes. 14 people were able to leave the plane and land on their own by parachute, while four suffered fractures.
July 22, 2012 the aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RF-00138) of the DOSAAF of Russia crashed at the Bolshoye Gryzlovo sports airfield (Serpukhov district of the Moscow region). The aircraft was landing on an unpaved runway after a group of paratroopers had dropped off. The front and left landing gear of the aircraft broke, resulting in significant damage to the cockpit and the lower part of the fuselage. There were only two crew members on board, both were hospitalized in serious condition. The commander of the aircraft died from his injuries on July 24, 2012, the co-pilot died in the hospital a month and a half later, on September 6, 2012.
Let L-410
Let L-410 Turbolet is a multipurpose twin-engine turboprop aircraft for local airlines. Developed in the 1960s. in the design office of the Let Kunovice plant (Kunovice, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic). The first flight made on April 16, 1969, is now produced by the Czech company Aircraft Industries (owner - the Russian Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company), in total, more than 1.1 thousand copies of various modifications were built, of which 862 were delivered to the USSR. The most modern modification, L-410UVP-E20, is capable of transporting up to 19 passengers or 1,800 kg of cargo over a distance of up to 1,500 km. In 2016, Aircraft Industries sold nine copies of the L-410 to the Russian Federation, and another 11 units were planned for 2017. A variant of the deployment of serial production of the aircraft at the Ural Civil Aviation Plant (Yekaterinburg) is being worked out.
In total, at least 117 of these machines were lost during operation, more than 420 people died in 106 accidents.
Khabarovsk Airlines
Khabarovsk Airlines is a regional state unitary enterprise engaged in transportation in the Khabarovsk Territory. Operates aircraft: An-24 (2 aircraft), one Yak-40 and one An-26, as well as four L-410UVP-E20 2013-2015. release (registration numbers - RA-67035, RA-67036, RA-67040, RA-67047). For the airline, the disaster on November 15 was the first in its history.
Aircraft L 410 - produced in Czechoslovakia, is a small passenger aircraft. It was developed back in 1966, and in 1969 the first test sample rose into the sky. Through many modifications and upgrades, the aircraft received excellent specifications for its time. Let 410 quickly gained popularity and appeared on almost all continents.
The advantages of the L 410 then included: ease and maneuverability, the ability to land on the ground, comfort and increased carrying capacity.
general information
The model was in great demand in the Soviet Union, but with its collapse, and the collapse of the socialist camp as a whole, L 410 was under threat of production closure. The situation was saved by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, which bought half the shares of the manufacturer's plant and is investing in the modernization of the aircraft.
The most common version of the aircraft is the L410UVP, which means “shortened runway”. There are about 400 copies of this model in the world. different countries the world. The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation plans to widely use the aircraft for domestic passenger transportation... Compared to the An-2, it had greater safety and comfort. Changing to a Czech model was very prestigious.
Having considered the modification of the L-410UVP, we note that there is the possibility of landing on short runways, and not only with asphalt, but also with unpaved surface. The aircraft operated quite well on the African continent, under conditions of landing on unpaved roads or fields. The chassis is not as strong as that of the Soviet AN-2, but, with its two engines, it can be safely operated in any terrain where single-engine aircraft crash.
Also, L 410 was widely used as a simulator for cadets of military transport aviation schools of the USSR. In particular, this applies to the Balashov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots, abbreviated as BVVAUL, located in Saratov region... It was on this machine that the cadets made their first flights.
Aircraft characteristics
The L 410 has a tricycle landing gear with a nose strut. The complete assembly cycle is carried out by a Czech company. More specifically, there is a production line for all stages of aircraft construction.
The production version of the L 410 is equipped with 2 GE H80-200 turboprop engines.
The maximum flight range is about 1500 km, and the duration is no more than 5 hours. The liner has a capacity of 19 people, not counting two crew members.
- Length - 14.42 meters;
- Wingspan - 20 meters;
- Aircraft height - 5.83 meters;
- Unladen weight - 4 tons;
- Maximum speed - 335 km / h;
- Tank capacity - 1680 liters;
- The width of the cabin is 1.9 meters.
Fuel consumption
Another major advantage is the aircraft's fuel consumption, which is only 250 to 280 liters per hour.
Security Let 410
The L-410 cannot boast of reliability - out of 1100 aircraft, almost 10% crashed, more than 400 people became victims. However, this is due to the fact that for almost half a century of existence, the aircraft was operated in the most merciless manner. If we talk about the modern model, it is more secure due to the latest technical solutions (autopilot, navigation system, collision avoidance system). The engines are also heavily modified.
L410 crash in Khabarovsk Territory
On November 15, 2017, an L410 aircraft with 5 passengers and 2 crew members crashed in the Khabarovsk Territory. As a result of the crash of the liner, 6 people died, only a child of about 4 years old managed to escape. An investigation was organized, in which at the moment two versions of what happened are being worked out - a failure of technology and a piloting error. The weather conditions were favorable. So far, the investigation is leaning towards refusal of equipment, since the crew fought to the end for the plane. A representative of the manufacturer also joined the inspection.
The cost of the aircraft L 410
The cost of the Let 410 in the latest modification reaches 2.4 million euros per unit. However, there are often private advertisements for the sale of this aircraft. The price tag on the secondary aircraft market reaches about $ 1 million per copy, depending on age, flight time and condition.
The development of the L-410 aircraft began in 1966. The first sample rose into the air after 3 years. He carried the first passengers at the end of 1071. This flight was performed by the Czechoslovakian company Slov Air. The following year, Czechoslovak developers transferred 5 vehicles to the USSR. Despite the good flight characteristics, work on improving the aircraft continued. So, already in 1973, the L-410M, equipped with an engine manufactured in Czechoslovakia, took to the air.
The next, more advanced modification of the L-410UVP appeared in 1979. It was distinguished by its large wings, vertical tail, and a longer fuselage. This modification became a production model.
But her improvement continued. In 1984, the L-410UVP-E variant appeared, featuring more powerful engines. After 2 years, the aircraft, which received a certificate in the USSR, again received another, powerful engine.
In the 90s, due to a decrease in demand, aircraft production fell to 2 - 5 per year, although before that they were produced by 50 per year. This continued until 2008, when 51% of the shares were purchased by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company. The production of aircraft increased and reached 11 aircraft in 2013. No further increase occurred. Currently, most of the aircraft are in poor condition. But some of the L-410s continue to fly.
This small aircraft has enjoyed and continues to enjoy some popularity. It has been exploited and continues, albeit without its former intensity, to be operated in 40 countries. On local airlines it has proven itself well even in Australia and Greenland.
In Russia, the L-410 is rarely used, since a significant part of local flights are not operated. These aircraft are available in the parks "KrasAero", "Orenburg" and the airline PANH, located in Buryatia. Interest in the aircraft is shown in the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Industry and Trade, as well as in some regions with large territories with an undeveloped road network.
Although the developments used in the L-410 are far from new, a number of innovations introduced into it in subsequent years make it possible to operate the aircraft with an efficiency no less than existing modern models. Due to the use of new engines, its flight range has been significantly increased, and various options the cabin allows you to use it not only as a passenger. The advantage is the ability to use this aircraft at temperatures from minus 40 to plus 50 degrees. It should also be clarified that the L-410 can land on an unpaved runway.
The liner salon: comfortable and uncomfortable seats
Although the cabin of this small aircraft is designed for short-haul passengers, it offers all the comforts. The seats are not much different from those installed in large airliners. Of course, sitting in them for a long time will be tiresome, but this machine does not perform long-distance flights.
The chairs are arranged in 7 rows. But there is an option in which there are fewer rows. In this case, the number of seats is not 19, but only 17. In the first option the best places those in the first row are recognized. There are only 2 of them here: A and C. They are located on the left and right at the windows. For a tall passenger, the most comfortable seat B, located in the second row. There is no chair in front of him, which makes it possible to quite comfortably place his legs.
During the flight, the noise of working engines is clearly audible in the cabin. But it is not very loud. So passengers can talk to each other, as they do in any form of transport. No need to shout in the cabin.
A well-installed heating system ensures a comfortable temperature during the flight. So even in winter you can stay here without warm jackets, coats, fur coats. They fit easily into overhead bins. These shelves are enough for all passengers, but you cannot place something bulky there.
It is also difficult to accommodate passengers with large bags. When traveling with more or less substantial luggage, you should place it in the luggage compartment. There are two such compartments in the plane. Although they do not differ in large volumes, there is enough space for everyone.
Usually, when flying, many passengers simply do not know what to do so that the travel time passes unnoticed. In the cabin of this aircraft, passengers in the front rows are usually engaged in monitoring the work of the pilots. There is no blind door between the passenger compartment and the cockpit, so it is easy to observe what is happening in the cockpit.
Since flights are carried out at a low altitude, usually not exceeding 3 thousand meters, the pictures floating below are clearly visible through conveniently located windows. The advantage here is that you can look at the ground from any row. The view is not obstructed by the wings above the windows.
Of course, such a convenience in this small plane as the toilet should also be mentioned. It is located in the tail section. Of course, for those in the sixth (seat A) and seventh (seat B) rows as a passenger, such a neighborhood brings inconvenience. However, the toilet door opens not towards the aisle, but towards the front door, and there are not many passengers in the cabin.
A special feature of the cabin is the narrow passage. It is almost impossible for two to miss each other. But there is no movement towards each other on the plane. In addition, flight attendants with carts do not appear in the aisle, as is the case in large planes.
In the cabin layout for 19 passengers shown below. In the cabin layout for 19 passengers shown below, the numbering starts from the left as usual. The order of the seats is A, B, C. Number 5 denotes a toilet, number 11 - luggage compartment.
Does the plane have a future
In recent years, measures have been taken to revive small aircraft in Russia. This also applies to the L-410 aircraft. Workshops for its production are being assembled in the "Titanium Valley", where it was decided to place them at UZGA. The commissioning of production facilities should take place in 2018. It is planned to produce aircraft not only for civil aviation, but also capable of performing a number of other tasks. Including will be produced vehicles intended for the armed forces.
In all cases, the production will use the latest technology, which will make the aircraft safer and more comfortable. The passenger version of the L-410 will be used on intraregional lines, as well as for communication between cities of different regions with an insignificant passenger flow between them.
L-410 characteristics
Length: 14.487 m.
Height: 5.83 m.
Wingspan: 19.478 m.
Wing area: 34.86 m2
Fuselage width: 1.92 m.
Cruising speed: 310 km / h.
Maximum speed: 395 km / h.
Flight range 1500 km.
Number of passenger seats: 19.
Crew: 2 h.
Conclusion
The available information suggests that the L-410 has not exhausted its possibilities for continued operation and further improvement. Its particular advantage is its ability to take off and land where other airliners cannot. The ability to fly at high and low air temperatures allows it to be used in a wide variety of climatic conditions.
The number of passengers carried, although not as large as that of larger liners, is, in most cases, sufficient for passenger requests, since the plane is usually used on intraregional lines, or on routes between cities that are not so far apart from each other. During flights, passengers are in conditions that are almost equal to those of a large airliner. Further improvements will make it possible to make these conditions more comfortable.
Calculating the cost of a taxi to the airport
