Polynesia refers to the vast territories of the Pacific region, which include more than a thousand large and miniature islands. All of them are distinguished by their incredible exotic nature and rich culture of the local population.
Polynesia
Geography of Polynesia
Polynesia, whose countries attract more and more visitors every year, is characterized by mountainous terrain, which is preserved on almost all the islands of the subregion. Since it is in this area that the convergence of two oceanic lithospheric plates occurs, almost all Polynesian states can boast of numerous active and long-dead volcanoes. Moreover, most of The islands were formed precisely due to the eruption of ancient volcanoes. 
However, another important factor under the influence of which the flat and low-lying island territories of Polynesia appeared are coral reefs, for the sake of their unique beauty and rich underwater world Thousands of experienced and beginner divers come here every year. Volcanic islands are characterized by average altitudes above sea level, but on the Hawaiian Islands there are peaks exceeding 4 thousand meters in height, and the altitudinal maximum of Polynesia reaches 4202 meters. Another feature of the local island properties is the abundance of cozy bays, bays and surrounded by luxurious coral reefs.
The Polynesian countries occupy quite impressive territorial possessions with an area of about 26 thousand square kilometers, if you do not take into account the lands of New Zealand. According to experts, more than one million people live there, but it is quite difficult to give an exact figure.
Regarding the local climate of Polynesia, the country of this region all year round can boast high temperatures and quite favorable weather conditions. Of course, the climatic conditions of each country have their own specific characteristics, but they mainly depend on the distance of the islands from the equator and the proximity of powerful ocean currents. It is characterized by a fairly large amount of annual precipitation - about 2 thousand millimeters. The local population often suffers from thunderstorms and typhoons.
Since the islands of Polynesia are very remote from the continents, the local nature and fauna are distinguished by a variety of endemic species of plants and fauna. However, if vegetable world Although the fauna here is truly rich and tirelessly surprises guests of the islands, the fauna is not particularly remarkable. However, the influx of tourists to the countries of Polynesia is facilitated by the fact that poisonous snakes and insects do not live here, and it is also impossible to stumble upon large predators. This is why tourists can safely enjoy walks through the rainforests and explore the truly amazing nature of the island nations.
Polynesian culture
Traditions and cultural heritage The peoples of Polynesia have always been interested in humanity and at the same time frightened. There are so many islands, so many nationalities. Residents of each Polynesian state can boast of their own language, or at least dialect. However, most of them were under the control of European powers for a long time, so the local population also speaks English and French quite well. The most amazing fact It can be assumed that, despite the colossal distances between the islands and countries, all Polynesians understand each other perfectly and do not experience any language barrier.
It is known that the first settlements in Polynesia appeared in the first century BC. This is evidenced by numerous archaeological finds on the island lands, in particular ancient ceramics from New Caledonia. Europeans first arrived here in the early sixteenth century with explorer and navigator Magellan. A few centuries after this, the legendary ship arrived on the shores of Polynesia. In the twentieth century, the islands of the region were divided between France, England, Germany and the United States of America. Some of them are still owned by European powers.
Residents of the Polynesian islands are mainly engaged in agriculture, because the volcanic soils are fertile. Europeans brought some types of domestic animals here, so recently cattle breeding has also become no less relevant. The endless expanses of the ocean also create unique conditions for great fishing. Myths about cannibals inhabiting the islands of Polynesia have been greatly exaggerated, although according to one of the beliefs of the Polynesians, in order to increase your vitality, you must eat the brain or liver of your enemy. However, terrible tales about cannibals still attract thousands of curious travelers here.
The national cuisine of the islanders will certainly appeal to lovers of seafood and meat, which are cooked here over an open fire and served with incomparable tropical fruit sauces. Some rites and rituals of the local tribes are also of particular interest. There is certainly no place for boredom in the countries of Polynesia!
Tourist Polynesia: countries and islands that are worth visiting at least once in your life
- 1) – in the southwest Pacific Ocean is a luxurious tropical country that has long become a favorite destination for millions of tourists. Travelers are attracted not only by the rich excursion program of these lands, but also by the fact that the local population tries to preserve the pristine world. Fans of active and extreme recreation will simply be delighted with the abundance of local entertainment: gliding, bungee jumping, zorbing, diving and sailing. Of course, a holiday in New Zealand requires significant financial costs, but an excursion to Queenstown or Te Anau is definitely worth the money. Although everyone knows this country as the center extreme tourism, local sandy beaches Perfect for a quiet, measured holiday.
- 2)
New Caledonia is a French possession in Polynesia that you should definitely visit for its domesticated tropical nature. Everything here is done in a European style, so even if you find yourself on a tropical island so far from the mainland, you can enjoy the delights of civilization. Particularly popular are the local deserted beaches and incredible nature. - 3) Easter Island is a truly legendary place on earth, considered the most remote locality planets. It is here that the centuries-old moai statues are located, the purpose and date of creation of which historians are still puzzling over. Special attention should be paid to the volcanoes of the island with their fabulous craters and amazing stories. By the way, in January-February on Easter Island you can watch the fabulous Tapati festival, when local aborigines stage a truly incredible performance.
- 4) The Hawaiian Islands are the famous Polynesian possession of the American state. Who doesn’t dream of a place where luxury hotels, endless snow-white beaches, powerful volcanoes and friendly natives await you? Along the coast of Maui, experienced and novice divers explore the ocean all year round. In addition, surfers love to conquer. The excursion program of the islands also offers wide choose connoisseurs of historical and cultural attractions.
- 5) is one of the most picturesque island states in Melanesia. Most of all, local resorts are popular with newlyweds, because the atmosphere in Fiji seems to be created for romance and love. Natural parks with endemic plant species, valleys of blooming orchids or walks with dolphins can hardly leave a person indifferent. Besides, ancient architecture The local towns and ethnic markets will give your trip a special charm and exceptional atmosphere.
- 6) Solomon Islands is another thriving island state of Melanesia. Although the tourism industry here is underdeveloped, local natural resources and amazing fauna never cease to attract curious travelers. It is the naturalness and originality of these islands that is considered their highlight.
- 7) - another French overseas possession. The islands of this country have long been considered one of the most wealthy tourists. Here you can immerse yourself in a luxurious holiday. Among the popular activities, it is worth mentioning diving, yachting and excursions in magnificent national parks.
All Polynesian countries deserve your attention, because each of them has something to surprise its guests!
The three main regions of Oceania: Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia
Map of Polynesia
Polynesia(from ancient Greek. πολύς And νῆσος - many islands) - a subregion consisting of more than 1000 islands scattered across the central and southern Pacific Ocean between 23°30'N. w. - 28°S w. and 176°E. d. - 109°20’W. d. The indigenous peoples inhabiting the islands of Polynesia are called Polynesians. They share many similarities, including language, culture and beliefs. Historically, they are skilled seafarers, capable of sailing at night and navigating by the stars.
The term "Polynesia" was first used by the French writer Charles Brosse in 1756, and was initially applied to all the islands of the Pacific Ocean. In 1831, during a lecture at the Paris Geographical Society, the French traveler, navigator, and oceanographer Jules Dumont-D'Urville proposed a restriction on the use of the term.
Forms a triangle, the vertices of which are: the Hawaiian Islands in the north, in the southeast and in the southwest, but on these islands Polynesians now make up only a small part of the population, and even fewer people speak Polynesian languages.
Widespread in modern Polynesia English language(on most islands), French (in French Polynesia, as well as in, along with English in). The dominant language on Easter Island is Spanish.
Geography of Polynesia
"Polynesian Triangle"
Geology
The islands are mainly of volcanic and coral origin. Volcanic islands are mountainous (altitude over 4000 m; on the Hawaiian Islands 4202 m), coral islands are flat and low-lying. On the islands of Hawaii and Samoa - active volcanoes. Most of the islands are surrounded by coral reefs.
Territory
The area of Polynesia (without New Zealand) is 26 thousand km².
Population
The population of Polynesia is 1.2 million people (1969).
History of Polynesia
Main article: History of Polynesia
Island groups
Cook Inlet on Moorea Island, French polynesia
Border territories
History of the peoples of Polynesia
Main article: Polynesians
Culture of the peoples of Polynesia
Languages of Polynesia
The main languages of Polynesia are Polynesian languages. English and French are also common external languages.
Economy of Polynesian states
Politics of the Polynesian states
Navigation of the peoples of Polynesia
These peoples, being the “peoples of the sea,” were excellent at the art of navigation, which was vital. They knew maps of the starry sky, navigated by them, knew wind directions, nearby islands and much more. Polynesian ships (proas) can be considered full-fledged conquerors of the Pacific Ocean.
State structure
| Island(s) | Nationality | Capital, administrative center | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Tutuila Island) | 65 519 (2013) | ||
| Hawaiian Islands | (Oahu island) | 1 360 301 (2010) | |
| Western Samoa | republic | , Upolu Island | 188 540 (2008) |
| (Northern Island) | 4 443 900 (2012) | ||
| 1 398 (2009) | |||
| (Rarotonga island) | 19 569 (2006) | ||
| Fakaofo Atoll | 1 411 (2011) | ||
| Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) | Special territory and province | Hanga Roa | 5 806 (2012) |
| Overseas territory | Adamstown | 69 people (2013) | |
| kingdom | (Tongatapu Island) | 120 898 (2009) | |
| Independent Member of the British Commonwealth | Funafuti | 10 544 (2011) | |
| Tubuai Marquesas Islands Society Islands Tuamotu Gambier Islands |
French Polynesia (Overseas Community of France) | (Tahiti island) | 291 thousand (2010) |
| Overseas Community of France | , Wallis Island | 13 445 (2008) | |
| Line Islands | , | 8 809 (2005) | |
| Phoenix Islands | On Canton Island | 41 (2005) |
Notes
- Hiroa, Te Rangi (Sir Peter Henry Buck). Vikings of the Sunrise. - Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd, reprinted 1964. - P. 67.
- Don Macnaughtan – Lane Community College Library – Bibliography of Prehistoric Settlement on Norfolk Island, the Kermadecs, Lord Howe, and the Auckland Islands (undefined) . Lanecc.edu. Retrieved September 11, 2011. Archived August 5, 2012.
- O'Connor, Tom Polynesians in the Southern Ocean: Occupation of the Auckland Islands in Prehistory in New Zealand Geographic 69 (September-October 2004): 6-8)
- To the Final Shore: Prehistoric Colonization of the Subantarctic Islands in South Polynesia in Australian Archaeologist: Collected Papers in Honor of Jim Allen Canberra: Australian National University, 2000. 440-454.
- Anderson, Atholl J., & Gerard R. O'Regan The Polynesian Archeology of the Subantarctic Islands: An Initial Report on Enderby Island Southern Margins Project Report. Dunedin: Ngai Tahu Development Report, 1999
- Anderson, Atholl J. Subpolar Settlement in South Polynesia Antiquity 79.306 (2005): 791-800
- Unincorporated and unorganized territory of the United States.
- Independent State, freely associated with New Zealand
- Dependent territory New Zealand
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French polynesia- an overseas community of France located in the South Pacific Ocean. It is bordered in the west by the waters of the Cook Islands, in the northwest by Kiribati, in the north, east and south by neutral Pacific waters, and in the southeast by the waters of Pitcairn. Includes the archipelagos: Society Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Marquesas Islands, Tubuai Islands.
The islands of French Polynesia are either volcanic or coral in origin. Most of the Society Islands and Tubuai, the Gambier and Marquesas Islands are volcanic; coral atolls form the Tuamotu archipelago and are part of several other island groups.
Volcanic islands are mountainous. Highest point Tahiti (and all of French Polynesia) - Mount Orohena - rises to 2241 m above sea level. Coral islands usually rise only a few meters above sea level.
Main Ponesia includes:
French Polynesia includes:
Marquesas Islands
Norfolk Island
Gambier Islands
Society Islands
Rotuma
Tuamotu
Tubuai
Wallis and Futuna
French Polynesia Weather
The climate in most of French Polynesia is tropical, trade wind. In the southern part there are noticeable differences between warm winters and hot summers. The hottest and wettest season is from November to May, when northwest winds often blow. During the hottest months, temperatures usually reach 32°C. During the dry season (June to October), southeast trade winds predominate. Temperatures drop lowest in July-August (in the south - up to 18-21°C). The islands of French Polynesia are subject to the invasion of tropical cyclones, sometimes of a destructive nature.
Language of French Polynesia
Official language: French, Tahitian
English is understood in all hotels and most restaurants.
Currency of French Polynesia
International name: XPF
The French Pacific Franc is equal to 100 centimes. In circulation there are banknotes of 10,000, 5,000, 1,000 and 500 francs, as well as coins of 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 franc. US dollars and euros are accepted almost everywhere on the islands.
Currency can be exchanged at the airport, in banks, in some shops or in hotels.
Credit cards are accepted for payment in hotels, restaurants, shops and other tourist establishments. American Express and Diners Club are somewhat less widespread than other payment systems; they can be used mainly in large hotels, car rental companies and some restaurants. ATMs are widespread in Tahiti and other large islands, but in the periphery they can only be found at bank offices. Use on small atolls credit cards almost impossible.
Travel checks are accepted for payment at most banks and large organizations. It is recommended to use checks in US dollars or euros. All banks charge a certain amount for check cashing.
Customs restrictions
The import and export of national and foreign currency is not limited. Only if the amount exceeds 7622 €, then it must be declared.
Without taxation, persons over 17 years of age can import: up to 500 grams of coffee, 250 ml of eau de toilette and up to 50 grams of perfume, 100 cigarillos or up to 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 200 grams of tobacco, up to 100 grams of tea, up to 2 liters of wine and up to 1 liter of alcoholic beverages with a strength of more than 22 degrees. You can import other goods worth up to CFP5000 (CFP2500 for persons under 15 years of age). If they come from Fiji and Samoa, then the imported luggage is disinfected.
It is prohibited to import into the country: all food products of animal origin; plants; fruit; weapon; ammunition; drugs; counterfeit products; artificial pearls
Mains voltage
Purchases
Shops are open from 8.00 to 12.00 and from 13.30 to 17.00-17.30. Private shops and shops in the suburbs are usually open until 22.00. On Saturdays, large stores close at 11.00.
Prices are fixed everywhere. You cannot bargain - according to local standards, such a ritual insults the honesty of the seller, especially if he is a resident of Polynesia.
Office hours
Banks are open from Monday to Friday from 07.45-08.00 to 15.30. Some large banks are open on Saturdays from 7.45 to 11.30.
Safety
You should always take precautions against pickpockets, especially in crowded areas, keep an eye on your belongings and take normal precautions.
Code of the country: +689
Geographic first level domain name:.pf
Although tap water is chlorinated, all water should be considered potentially unfit for consumption, especially during the first days of your stay on the islands.
Emergency numbers
The single emergency phone number is 15 or 423-456.
Police - 17.
To get in real paradise It’s not so easy on the ground: you have to overcome a long flight. However, the amazing beauty of the fabulous place and the peace that reigns on the islands of French Polynesia are worth seeing with your own eyes. Here there is everything that a person needs who has decided to give up problems. Located at the very edge of the world, this untouched magical place attracts travelers who can afford a luxurious holiday.
Some facts about the distant islands
French Polynesia, which has had the status of an overseas community of France since 2004, is made up of 118 islands. 25 of them are uninhabited, and the rest welcome guests all year round. The islands of French Polynesia, occupying five million km 2 of water, are located in the South Pacific Ocean, between Australia and South America.
The word "Polynesia", which comes from Greek language, translates as "many islands", and this name was assigned to the territory taken under the protection of the French Republic in the 19th century. The overseas community of France has customs autonomy and its own government, which signs international treaties with other countries. However, it is not part of the EU.
The list of islands of French Polynesia consists of 118 names, but they include only five archipelagos: Tuamo, Marquesas Islands, Society Islands, Gambier and Tubuai with a total area of four thousand km 2.
Population of the islands
For more than one and a half thousand years, the territory, which delights with the exotic brightness of its colors, was inhabited by Maori tribes, who left for their descendants the ruins of ancient sanctuaries and stone pyramids, the walls of which were painted with intricate drawings. And most of them have not yet been deciphered by scientists.
About 80% of the population are Polynesians. The most populated are the Aborigines who do not live in the mountains, but prefer to live near the ocean shores.
Coral and volcanic islands
The islands of French Polynesia, having different origins (volcanic and coral), are located far from civilization, which is an advantage for many tourists. The archipelago is inhabited by about 280 thousand people, and the main activity that generates income for the indigenous residents is tourism.
Islands created after volcanic eruptions are special places. Incomparable corners that survived the invasion of scorching lava several million years ago have changed forever. Mysterious canyons and deep gorges preserved in their external appearance the imprint of the formidable processes that took place even before our era, and this is precisely where their gloomy charm lies.
As scientists have recently established, volcanoes on the islands, together with tectonic plates, are shifting by several centimeters, and many even go under water. It is quite possible that they will soon disappear from the surface of the earth and only atolls will remain, which are increasing in length and height every year.
Other areas of land, formed by clusters of coral, are rounded golden sandy plains that contrast with the turquoise of the ocean. Rising several meters above the water surface, they differ in appearance from islands of volcanic origin. The beautiful lagoons are surrounded by huge coral reefs, and majestic coconut palms grow on the ground.
Climate and weather
The islands have a tropical climate with cool sea breezes. November marks the beginning of the hot and humid season, which lasts until March inclusive. At this time, tropical downpours, severe hurricanes and storms are possible, and destructive cyclones are observed in January.
But most often tourists come here from April to October, when there is no sweltering heat and precipitation. However, you need to be prepared for gusts of wind with unpredictable temper, because the elements very often show their character. Daytime air temperature throughout the year does not fall below 20 o C, and humidity is 92%.
Iles de la Societe
On the Society Islands, which were named famous traveler D. Cook, inhabited by a majority of Aboriginal people. The archipelago, bearing traces of volcanic origin, looks mysterious, and tourists gaze enthusiastically at the dark outlines of the peaks of extinct giants that once spat fire. Opened in the 18th century, it consists of several administrative divisions, including two groups - the Windward and Leeward Islands.
Main island of the archipelago
The most popular and large island is sunny Tahiti. On the world map it can be found in the central Pacific Ocean. Since it is located near the equator, there is no usual change of seasons. This paradise, part of the Windward Islands, attracts all exotic lovers. Densely populated Tahiti, formed over three million years ago, is covered with high mountain peaks and emerald forests.
The cultural and economic center of French Polynesia is of great interest to tourists. According to researchers, the most high level life. Cozy restaurants, fashionable shops and the famous Black Pearl Museum attract thousands of visitors. Most vacationers who have no idea on the world map dream of relaxing on gorgeous beaches islands. However, it is worth warning that there are not so many of them as it might seem at first glance. The most convenient place for swimming and sunbathing is Pointe Venus. Guests of this charming corner are delighted by the beaches with sand of a rich black hue, which they acquired due to their volcanic origin.
Administrative center
The capital of French Polynesia, Papeete, is located on the main island of the archipelago. In the administrative center with modern skyscrapers, fashionable hotels, a large number of fashion stores, beautiful villas international Airport. The compact city is conducive to walking and cycling.
Here you can buy real black pearls, buy mother-of-pearl, various shell souvenirs, and fruit liqueurs. The capital is adored by shopaholics all over the world, who buy high-quality products from popular French manufacturers.
The picturesque island of Bora Bora
Located in a beautiful lagoon, which protects from severe hurricanes and violent waters, Bora Bora (French Polynesia) is a huge mountain range with three high peaks. Consisting of several islands, it is famous for its luxury resorts, which are located in colorful local villages. World celebrities and aristocrats who stay in luxury hotels choose to holiday there. Tourists who dream of a secluded holiday and do not want to give up all the delights of civilization will be able to fulfill their dream and live in a bungalow over the water.
Lost at the end of the world, located in the northwest of Tahiti and belonging to the Leeward Islands, it is one giant beach, and tourists can enter the water from any place.
Favorite island among newlyweds
Not far from Tahiti you can find the wonderful island of Moorea, famous for its snow-white beaches and pineapple plantations. Created by Mother Nature in a shape reminiscent of a heart, it attracts lovers from all over the world. This curious appearance is given to it by two symmetrically located bays - Cook and Opunohu, which appeared as a result of a natural disaster millions of years ago.
Those who can afford to marry in a fabulous beautiful corner, rush here to connect their lives. However, it is worth knowing that local documents do not have legal force, so it is best to get married in your own country and come to the island of Moorea to get aesthetic pleasure from beautiful wedding rituals.
Sights of an amazing place
The fairy-tale place, to which the jagged spiers of a dilapidated volcano add color, attracts not only lovers. Tourists climb on observation deck Belvedere, with fantastic views of the bays and mountains. Moorea is adored by historians who study the ruins ancient temple Titiroa Marae, and all holidaymakers will be interested in visiting Cultural Center Tiki Theater Village.
It will allow you to see what a Polynesian village looked like at the moment when a European first set foot on the island. Guests will learn a variety of crafts in French-built thatched huts. The center's workers are engaged in tattooing and wood carving, making fabrics and musical instruments, and weaving wreaths from exotic flowers. And those who find themselves in a house floating on the waves will see how black pearls are artificially grown. The staff, dressed in traditional costumes, will demonstrate colorful wedding ceremonies, and a fun dance show, where guests are treated to a delicious punch, will leave no one indifferent.
Ideal place for divers
The picturesque island of Rangiroa (French Polynesia) is the largest atoll located in the Tuamotu archipelago. The favorite corner of divers, whose name translates as “immense sky,” is a picturesque place that makes you fall in love at first sight. All his entertainment is connected with water, famous for its incredible transparency.
Surrounded by corals, the atoll from a bird's eye view resembles a huge necklace resting on the water.
The most mystical place
Aborigines consider the island of Hua Hin (French Polynesia), nicknamed “wild,” as the custodian of the oldest local culture, and this statement is not accidental. The mystical corner, recognized as the main archaeological center, surprises with a huge number of artifacts. Plots found here ancient civilization, dating back to 900 BC, with a large number of objects buried in the ground.
Tourists are also attracted by natural mysteries, and every vacationer dreams of seeing the unique “green ray” phenomenon. When the sun goes below the horizon, emerald reflections flash, formed due to the refraction of light in the Earth's atmosphere.
Desert Islands
The vast Tuamoto Archipelago, which local residents Called the "strand of pearls of Tahiti", it consists of 78 coral atolls. Most of them are unsuitable for life, and they gained fame thanks to the extraction of black pearls. Farms for growing the precious mineral of animal origin are considered the basis of the economy of the islands of French Polynesia. It is here that the most beautiful and perfect dark-colored pearls are collected. Maori legends say that they are the first flashes of light given to Tāne, the god of birds and forests. People come here not only to admire the coral gardens and picturesque lagoons, but also to do aquatic species sports
Gambier is a miniature island of volcanic origin, where tourism is not developed. This is a very remote part of the land, the main attraction of which is the pearl plantation.
Austral (Tubuaí) is an island that is also not affected by tourism. Consisting of five islands, it is not popular among holidaymakers.
Mysterious Marquesas Islands
The Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), located near the equator, are considered the most mysterious. A paradise untouched by man, covered with lush vegetation, captivates at first sight. It is simply impossible to describe the beauty of this amazing corner consisting of 12 islands. The archipelago, whose name translates as “Land of Men,” is where the famous Paul Gauguin once sought inspiration and found his final refuge. Next to the brilliant impressionist lies Jacques Brel, a Belgian poet and actor. Tourists can worship the graves or perform exciting walking along the green slopes. In addition, they are offered excursions on horseback, and no one refuses the temptation to see stunning panoramas and capture them on video.
French Polynesia, which has preserved its originality and is developing its tourism infrastructure, is always happy to welcome guests. If there is a real paradise on earth, then it is located at the very edge of the world, where virgin nature and civilization ideally combine. It seems that time has stopped on the islands, and you want to forever enjoy the beauty of the magical corner.
