Pyramids
Mysterious pyramids of Egypt
The Egyptian Pyramid of Djoser, better known as the Step Pyramid, is located in Saqqara, 30 km from Cairo. A visit to the pyramid is part of the Dashur-Sakkara excursion. It’s worth visiting this pyramid at least out of curiosity, because this is the very first pyramid built in honor of the ruler Djoser. The peculiarity of the pyramid is that it is made in a stepped form. Six steps are the path along which the pharaoh goes to the afterlife, according to historians. Inside the pyramid there are 11 burial chambers for the pharaoh and his family members. During the archaeological excavations, Djoser himself was not discovered, only the mummies of his relatives. This is explained by the fact that by the time the excavations began, the tomb had already been plundered.
An excursion to Saqqara with a visit to the Pyramid of Djoser will cost about $80 per person.
Pyramid of Mikerin
The pyramid is located on the Giza plateau next to other famous pyramids - Cheops and Khafre. Compared to them, the pyramid of Mikerinus is considered the smallest and youngest pyramid of the famous triad. The peculiarity of this pyramid is its color - up to the middle it was made of red granite, and above it was made of white limestone. But in the 16th century, the cladding was destroyed by Mamluk warriors. Scientists explain the fact that the Mikerin pyramid is relatively small in size by the fact that the Egyptians stopped making grandiose tombs. But despite this, the pyramid never ceases to amaze scientists and travelers. For example, the largest block of stone weighs about 200 tons! What technical means helped the ancient Egyptians so much? An excursion to the pyramid is included in the Cairo travel program and costs approximately $60 per person. 
Pyramid of Mikerin
Pyramid of Cheops
There is hardly a person. who would not know the main attraction of Egypt - the Pyramid of Cheops. The height of this one of the Seven Wonders of the World today is 140 meters, and the area is about 5 hectares. The pyramid consists of 2.5 million stone blocks. The construction of the pyramid took 20 years. Several thousand years have passed since the construction of the Cheops pyramid, but the Egyptians still strongly revere the pyramid, and every year in August they celebrate the day its construction began. Despite the fact that the pyramid has been researched and excavated, it still holds many secrets. For example, in the funeral room of the pharaoh’s wife, secret doors were discovered, which, according to scientists, symbolize the path to the afterlife. But archaeologists were never able to open the last door. The cost of an excursion to the Giza plateau with a visit to the pyramids is 50-60 dollars. For children, the ticket will cost half as much.
Pyramid of Khafre
Although the Pyramid of Khafre is 4 meters smaller than the Pyramid of Cheops, visually it seems higher. The secret is that the pyramid stands on a ten-meter plateau and is very well preserved to this day. The pyramid has two entrances - one at a height of 15 m, and the other on the same side at the base level. The inside of the Khafre pyramid is quite modest - two rooms and a couple of corridors, but the real sarcophagus of the pharaoh is kept here. The tomb is made on top level and does not leave any of the tourists indifferent. The tomb itself is empty.
Archaeologists found a grand discovery in a pyramid in the 19th century - a sculpture of a pharaoh made of mountain diorite.
The cost of an excursion to the Pyramid of Khafre is about $60. 
Pyramid of Khafre
Dashur
This place is not as popular as the Giza plateau with its pyramids. Dashur is famous for its pyramids, which were built during the reign of Pharaoh Snofu. These structures are considered the first tombs in history built using new types of structures.
The southern pyramid, better known as Broken Pyramid, got its name due to its irregular shape. During its construction, the angles of the edges were changed for an unknown reason. This may have been a mistake, but scientists explain this as a construction move with concern for the strength and durability of the pyramid. The main difference between the Bent Pyramid is this. that it has two entrances - the “traditional” northern one and the almost never encountered southern one.
Another attraction of Dashur is the Northern Pyramid, better known by its name as the Red Pyramid. The pyramid got its name because of its red facing color. This is the first tomb with a regular pyramidal shape. The pyramid is very dark, so it is worth taking a flashlight with you. In the lowest burial chamber one can observe a high stepped ceiling, the same as in the gallery of the Cheops pyramid.
The cost of an excursion to Cairo, which includes a trip to Dashur, will cost an average of $85.
Probably every person wants to look at the pyramids. And if this is your dream since childhood, then a tour to Egypt is what you need. It’s very easy to book such a tour today - just travel companies your city through a special form on our website, or contact us with any questions you may have at 8-800-100-30-24.
The only one of the 7 wonders of the world that has survived to this day is the Pyramid of Cheops, or the Pyramid of Khufu, as the Egyptians themselves call it, unlike the rest of the world, which uses the Greek pronunciation of the name of the pharaoh.
To fully understand how far from us are those times when the Cheops Pyramid was built, one only has to think that for contemporaries of the other six wonders of the world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was so old that they no longer knew the answer to its mystery.
Despite the fact that the largest pyramid in the world is more than four thousand years old, it has been quite well preserved to this day. Today, excursions to the Egyptian pyramids can be booked from almost any hotel in Cairo.
History and construction of the Great Pyramid of Cheops
It is believed that a certain Hemion, the pharaoh’s nephew and vizier, and, by extension, also a court architect, was involved in bringing the royal ambitions to life. The Pyramid of Cheops was built around 2540 BC, and its construction began twenty years earlier - somewhere in 2560 BC.
More than two million huge stones needed to build the Great Pyramid of Giza. The largest blocks weighed several tens of tons. For the structure weighing 6.4 million tons, so that it does not sink underground under its own weight, strong rocky soil was chosen. Granite blocks were delivered from a quarry that was located 1000 km away. Scientists still cannot find the answer to the question of how these stones were transported and how the Cheops pyramid was built
The purpose of the tallest pyramid in Ancient Egypt also causes a lot of controversy. According to the most common opinion, this is really the tomb of Cheops (the second pharaoh of the IV dynasty of rulers) and members of his family. But nevertheless, discussions around the mystery of the pyramid do not subside. For example, from the point of view of some astronomers, some kind of observatory was equipped here, since the ventilation ducts and corridors point with amazing accuracy to the stars Sirius, Thuban, and Alnitak. It is also interesting that during the construction of the Cheops pyramid, the coordinates of the Earth’s magnetic poles were also taken into account.
Geometry and description of the pyramid of Khufu
The dimensions of the Cheops pyramid are surprising even modern man. Its base occupies a huge area of 53 thousand square meters, which is equivalent to ten football fields. Other parameters are no less striking: the length of the base is 230 m, the length of the side edge is the same, and the area of the side surface is 85.5 thousand square meters.
Now the height of the Cheops pyramid is 138 meters, but initially it reached 147 meters, which can be compared to a fifty-story skyscraper. The years have left their mark on the safety of the pyramid. Numerous earthquakes over thousands of years collapsed the stone top of the structure, and the smooth stone with which the outer walls were lined crumbled. And yet, the interior of the attraction, despite many robberies and vandals, remained virtually unchanged.
The entrance to the pyramid, located on the north, was originally at a height of almost 16 meters and was sealed with a granite plug. Now tourists get inside through a huge gap made ten meters below, left in 1820 by the Arabs led by Caliph Abdullah al-Mamun, who attempted to find treasures supposedly hidden here.
Inside the Cheops pyramid there are three tombs, located one above the other. The lowest, unfinished underground chamber is located at the base of the rock. Above it are the burial chambers of the queen and pharaoh, to which the rising Great Gallery leads. Those who built the pyramid created a complex system of corridors and shafts, the plan of which is still being studied by scientists. Egyptologists have put forward a whole theory of understanding the afterlife of people of that time. These arguments explain the secret doors and other design features.
For many years now, the Pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops in Giza, like the Great Sphinx, has been in no hurry to reveal all its secrets. For tourists, it remains the most striking attraction of Egypt. It is impossible to fully comprehend the secrets of its corridors, shafts and ventilation ducts. Only one thing is clear: the Great Pyramid is the fruit of a brilliant design idea.
- There are many opinions about when the Cheops pyramid was built and who did it. The most original assumptions are various versions of construction completed long before the Flood by civilizations that did not survive it, as well as hypotheses about alien creators.
- Despite the fact that no one knows the exact time when the Cheops Pyramid was built, in Egypt the date of the start of its construction is officially celebrated - August 23, 2560 BC.
- The latest excavations, carried out at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that the work of the pyramid builders was difficult, but at the same time they were well cared for. They had a high-calorie diet of meat and fish and comfortable sleeping places. Many Egyptologists are of the opinion that they were not even slaves.
- Studying the ideal proportions of the Great Pyramid of Giza, scientists came to the conclusion that already in those days the ancient Egyptians knew very well what the golden ratio was and actively used its principle when creating a drawing.
- There are no decorative paintings or historical inscriptions inside the Cheops pyramid, except for a small portrait in the passage to the queen's chamber. There is not even any evidence that the pyramid even belonged to Pharaoh Khufu.
- For three millennia before 1300, the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure on the planet, until a taller one was built. cathedral in Lincoln.
- The heaviest stone block used in the construction of the pyramid weighs 35 tons and is placed above the entrance to the pharaoh's burial chamber.
- Before the Vandal Arab invasion of Egypt, the outer slabs of the Cairo pyramid were so carefully polished that in the light of the moon they emitted a mysterious shimmer, and in the rays of the sun their cladding shone with a soft peach light.
- To study rooms that are difficult for humans to reach, scientists used a special robot.
- From 6 to 10 thousand tourists visit the pyramids every day, and about 3 million per year.
Useful information for tourists
Currently, in the museum on the south side of the pyramid you can get acquainted with exhibits that were found during excavations and in the pyramid itself. There is an opportunity to see the restored unique cedar boat (Solar Boat), which was built by the ancient Egyptians. You can also buy souvenirs here. And the next viewing point on the territory will be the Great Sphinx.
In the evenings, a sound and light show is shown in Giza: alternating spotlight illumination of local attractions is accompanied by a fascinating story, including in Russian and English.
Opening hours of the Giza Museum complex
- daily from 8.00 to 17.00;
- in winter – until 16.30;
- during Ramadan - until 15.00.
Ticket prices
- entrance ticket to the Giza zone for foreigners – $8;
- entrance to the Cheops pyramid – $16;
- inspection Solar boat – $7.
For children and students, prices are usually two times lower.
- To visit the Cheops Pyramid, only 300 tickets are sold per day: 150 at 8.00 and 150 at 13.00.
- It is best to go to the pyramids in the morning to grab a ticket and protect yourself from the midday heat.
- The entrance to the pyramid is very low, you will have to walk 100 meters bent over, and it is also very dry, hot and slightly dusty inside. Water is not recommended for people suffering from claustrophobia, diseases of the respiratory tract and heart.
- Photo and video shooting is prohibited inside. As for photographs against the backdrop of the Great Pyramid, it is better not to give your camera into the wrong hands, as there are frequent cases of theft.
- It is better to take a photo of the Cheops pyramid (as well as other pyramids) in the morning or evening, when the sun is not shining too brightly, otherwise the image will turn out flat.
- Climbing the pyramid is strictly prohibited.
- For local residents tourists are the main and often the only source of income, so you will constantly be offered to buy something. Therefore, think carefully about whether you need certain offers, and in any case, be sure to bargain. Give tips only to those who truly deserve them.
- Be careful: there are a lot of pickpockets around.
How to get to the Cheops pyramid
Address: Egypt, Cairo, El Giza district, El Haram street
Getting there from Cairo:
- By metro (line No. 2) - to Giza station. Then transfer to bus No. 900 or No. 997 and drive along Al-Haram avenue for 15–20 minutes.
- By bus No. 355 and No. 357 from the airport and Heliopolis. It runs every 20 minutes.
- Take a taxi to Al-Haram.
From Hurghada or Sharm el-Sheikh: on tourist bus or taxi.
The most ancient wonder of the world, which we can still admire now, is the Pyramid of Cheops. Shrouded in myths and legends, the Egyptian pyramid was the largest and tallest structure for many millennia. Khufu (another name for the pyramid) is located in Giza - the popular place crowds of tourists.
History of the pyramids
The pyramids in Egypt are practically the main attraction of the country. There are many hypotheses related to their origin and construction. But they all converge on one important conclusion: the pyramids in Egypt are impressive tombs for the great inhabitants of the country (in those days these were the pharaohs). The Egyptians believed in the afterlife and life after death. It was believed that only a few were worthy of continuing their life's journey after death - these were the pharaohs themselves, their families and the slaves who were constantly close to the rulers. Images of slaves and servants were painted on the walls of tombs so that after their death they could continue to serve their king. According to the ancient religion of the Egyptians, man had two inner souls, Ba and Ka. Ba left the Egyptian after his death, and Ka always acted as a virtual double and waited for him in the world of the dead.
To ensure that the pharaoh did not need anything in the afterlife, food, weapons, kitchen utensils, gold and much more were left in the pyramid tomb. In order for the body to remain unchanged and wait for the second soul of Ba, it was necessary to preserve it. This is how the birth of body embalming and the need to create pyramids arose.
The emergence of pyramids in Egypt dates back to the construction of the pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser 5 thousand years ago. The outer walls of the first pyramid were in the form of steps, which symbolized the ascent to heaven. The height of the structure was 60 meters with many corridors and several tombs. Djoser's chamber was located in the underground part of the pyramid. From royal tomb several more passages were made leading to small chambers. They contained all the accessories for the further afterlife of the Egyptians. Closer to the east, chambers for the entire family of the pharaoh were found. The structure itself was not so huge compared to the pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops, whose height was almost 3 times greater. But it is with the pyramid of Djoser that the history of the emergence of all Egyptian pyramids.
Very often in the photo of the Cheops pyramid you can see two more pyramids standing nearby. This famous pyramids Herfen and Mekerin. It is these three pyramids that are considered the most important assets of the country. The height of the Cheops pyramid significantly distinguishes it from the others located nearby and other pyramids in Egypt. Initially, the walls of the structure were smooth, but after long period years began to crumble. If you look at modern photos pyramids of Cheops, you can see the relief of the facade and its unevenness, formed over millennia.
Birth of the Cheops Pyramid
Pyramid of Cheops official version was erected in the fall of 2480 BC. Date of first occurrence ancient miracle light, many historians and researchers dispute, giving arguments in favor of their arguments. The construction of the Great Pyramid lasted about 2-3 decades. More than one hundred thousand inhabitants of ancient Egypt and the best craftsmen of that time took part in it. First of all, a large road was built for the delivery of building materials, then underground passages and a mine. Most time was spent on the construction of the upper part of the pyramid - the walls and internal passages and tombs.
There are very interesting feature buildings: the height of the Cheops pyramid in its original form and the width were 147 meters. Due to the sands filling the base of the building and sprinkling of the facing part, it decreased by 10 meters and is now 137 meters in height. The giant tomb was built mainly from huge blocks of limestone and granite, weighing about 2.5 tons, which were carefully polished so as not to lose the ideal shape of the structure. And in the tomb of the most ancient pharaoh, granite blocks were found, the weight of which reached almost 80 tons. According to Egyptologists, about 2,300,000 huge stones were needed, which cannot but impress us all.
Doubts associated with the construction of the pyramid lay in the fact that in those dark times there were no special machines or devices capable of lifting and ideally folding heavy blocks at a certain slope. Some believed that more than a million people took part in the construction, others that the blocks were lifted by a lifting mechanism. Everything was so thought out and as perfect as possible that without the use of concrete mortar and cement, the stones were laid in such a way that it was completely impossible to insert even thin paper between them! There is an assumption that the pyramid was created not by people at all, but by aliens or another force unknown to man.
We are based specifically on the fact that the pyramids are still the creation of people. In order to quickly remove a stone of the required size and shape from the rock, its outlines were made. A conventional shape was carved out, and dry wood was inserted there. It was regularly watered, the moisture made the tree grow larger, and under its pressure a crack formed in the rock. Now a large block was removed and given the required shape and size. The stones for construction were redirected along the river by huge boats.
To lift heavy boulders to the top, massive sleds made of wood were used. Along the gentle slope, the stones were lifted one after another by teams of hundreds of slaves.
Pyramid device
The entrance to the pyramid was not originally where it is now. It had the shape of an arch and was located on the northern side of the building with a height of more than 15 meters. In an attempt to rob the great tomb in 820, a new entrance was made, already at a height of 17 meters. But Caliph Abu Jafar, who wanted to enrich himself with the loot, did not find any jewelry or valuable things and left with nothing. It is this passage that is now open to tourists.
The pyramid consists of several long corridors leading to the tombs. Immediately after the entrance there is a common corridor that diverges into 2 tunnels leading to the central and lower part of the pyramid. For some reason, the chamber located below was not completed. There is also a narrow loophole, behind which there is only a dead end and a three-meter well. Climbing up the corridor, you will find yourself in the Great Gallery. If you take the first left and walk a little, you will see the chamber of the ruler's wife. And along the corridor above is the largest one - the tomb of the pharaoh himself.
The beginning of the gallery is interesting because there is a long and narrow almost vertical Grotto built there. There is an assumption that he was there even before the foundation of the pyramid itself. Narrow passages about 20 centimeters wide were made from both tombs of the pharaoh and his wife. Presumably they were made for ventilation of the wards. There is another version that these passages and corridors are indicators of the stars: Sirius, Alnitaki and Thuban and that the pyramid served as a place for astronomical research. But there is another opinion - according to the belief in the afterlife, the Egyptians believed that the soul returned from heaven through channels.
There is one important interesting fact- the construction of the pyramid was carried out strictly at one angle of 26.5 degrees. There is every reason to assume that the inhabitants of antiquity were very well versed in geometry and the exact sciences. Just look at the proportional, even corridors and ventilation ducts.
Not far from the pyramid itself, Egyptian cedar boats were found during excavations. They were made of pure wood without a single nail. One of the ball's boats is divided into 1224 parts. The restorer Ahamed Yussuf Mustafa managed to assemble it. To achieve this, the architect had to spend 14 years; such high patience in the name of science can only be envied. Today the assembled boat can be admired in the bizarrely shaped museum. It is located on the south side of the Great Pyramid.
Unfortunately, you cannot shoot video or take photographs inside the pyramid itself. But you can take many incredible pictures against the backdrop of this creation. Various souvenirs are also sold here so that an excursion to these enchanting places can remind you of itself for a long time.
Photos of the Cheops pyramid, of course, do not reflect all the greatness and uniqueness of this structure. With us you will plunge into history and look at the world with different eyes!
The first wonder of the world of all time, one of the main structures of our planet, a place full of secrets and mysteries, a point of constant pilgrimage for tourists - the Egyptian pyramids and in particular the Cheops pyramid.
The construction of giant pyramids, of course, was far from easy. Enormous efforts of a large number of people were made to deliver stone blocks to the Giza or Saqqara plateau, and later to the Valley of the Kings, which became the new necropolis of the pharaohs.
At the moment, there are about a hundred discovered pyramids in Egypt, but discoveries continue, and their number is constantly increasing. IN different times one of the 7 wonders of the world meant different pyramids. Some meant all the pyramids of Egypt as a whole, some the pyramids near Memphis, some the three large pyramids of Giza, and most critics recognized exclusively the largest pyramid of Cheops.
Afterlife of Ancient Egypt
One of the central moments in the life of the ancient Egyptians was religion, which shaped the entire culture as a whole. Particular attention was paid to the afterlife, perceived as a clear continuation of earthly life. That is why preparation for life after death began long before death and was set as one of the main life tasks.
According to ancient Egyptian belief, man had several souls. The soul of Ka acted as a double of the Egyptian whom he was to meet in the afterlife. The soul of Ba contacted the person himself and left his body after death.
Religious life of the Egyptians and the god Anubis
At first, it was believed that only the pharaoh had the right to life after death, but he could bestow this “immortality” on his entourage, who were usually buried next to the tomb of the ruler. Ordinary people were not destined to enter the world of the dead, the only exceptions being slaves and servants, whom the pharaoh “took” with him, and who were depicted on the walls of the great tomb.
But for a comfortable life after death, the deceased had to be provided with everything necessary: food, household utensils, servants, slaves and much more necessary for the average pharaoh. They also tried to preserve the person’s body so that Ba’s soul could later connect with him again. Therefore, in matters of body preservation, embalming and the creation of complex pyramid tombs were born.
The first pyramid in Egypt. Pyramid of Djoser
Speaking about the construction of pyramids in Ancient Egypt in general, it is worth mentioning the beginning of their history. The very first pyramid in Egypt was built about five thousand years ago on the initiative of Pharaoh Djoser. It is in these 5 thousand years that the age of the pyramids in Egypt is estimated. The construction of the Pyramid of Djoser was led by the famous and legendary Imhotep, who was even deified in later centuries.
Pyramid of Djoser
The entire complex of the building being erected occupied an area of 545 by 278 meters. The perimeter was surrounded by a 10-meter wall with 14 gates, only one of which was real. In the center of the complex was the pyramid of Djoser with sides 118 by 140 meters. The height of the Djoser pyramid is 60 meters. Almost at a depth of 30 meters there was a burial chamber, to which corridors with many branches led. The branch rooms contained utensils and sacrifices. Here archaeologists found three bas-reliefs of Pharaoh Djoser himself. Near the eastern wall of Djoser's pyramid, 11 small burial chambers were discovered, intended for the royal family.
Unlike the famous great pyramids Giza, the pyramid of Djoser had a stepped shape, as if intended for the Pharaoh’s ascension to heaven. Of course, this pyramid is inferior in popularity and size to the Cheops pyramid, but still the contribution of the very first stone pyramid It is difficult to overestimate the culture of Egypt.
Pyramid of Cheops. History and Brief Description
But still, the most famous for the ordinary population of our planet are the three nearby pyramids of Egypt - Khafre, Mekerin and the largest and tallest pyramid in Egypt - Cheops (Khufu)
Pyramids of Giza
The pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops was built near the city of Giza, currently a suburb of Cairo. At present, it is impossible to say for sure when the Cheops pyramid was built, and research gives a strong scatter. In Egypt, for example, the date of the start of construction of this pyramid is officially celebrated - August 23, 2480 BC.
Pyramid of Cheops and Sphinx
About 100,000 people were simultaneously involved in the construction of the wonder of the world, the Pyramid of Cheops. During the first ten years of work, a road was built along which huge stone blocks were delivered to the river and the underground structures of the pyramid. Work on the construction of the monument itself continued for about 20 years.
The size of the Cheops Pyramid in Giza is amazing. The height of the Cheops pyramid initially reached 147 meters. Over time, due to sand filling and loss of lining, it decreased to 137 meters. But even this figure allowed it to remain the tallest human structure in the world for a long time. The pyramid has a square base with a side of 147 meters. To build this giant, it is estimated that 2,300,000 limestone blocks were required, weighing an average of 2.5 tons.
How were the pyramids built in Egypt?
The technology of building pyramids is still controversial in our time. Versions vary from the invention of concrete in Ancient Egypt to the construction of pyramids by aliens. But it is still believed that the pyramids were built by man solely by his own strength. So, to extract stone blocks, they first marked out a shape in the rock, hollowed out grooves and inserted dry wood into them. Later, the tree was doused with water, it expanded, a crack formed in the rock, and the block was separated. Then it was processed into the desired shape with tools and sent along the river to the construction site.
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Subtitles
Egyptian pyramids - well, it would seem, what new can be said here? Everything has already been explored and re-explored, all the mysteries have been solved, the secrets have been revealed. However, these buildings still excite the minds of researchers and everyone interested in ancient Egypt. And despite the fact that there are a lot of pyramids in Egypt, first of all, of course, the image of the pyramids of Giza, not far from present-day Cairo, pops up in everyone’s mind. Well, let's look at the pyramids from a seditious point of view. Relatively recently, scientists discovered that the Cheops pyramid contains not only ventilation shafts, but also secret rooms that are impossible for humans to get to. Firstly, the entire Cheops pyramid, whose height is 138 meters, is pierced by 4 narrow inclined passages, with a cross-section of 20 centimeters, which are considered to be ventilation. Secondly, it has been proven that two shafts from the pharaoh’s tomb go outside. Why would there be ventilation in a sealed tomb, not to mention the fact that inclined shafts significantly complicated the construction of such a large-scale structure. Thirdly, two shafts, which, it would seem, should be ventilation for the tomb of the pharaoh’s wife, not only do not go to the surface, they did not even reach the tomb itself, that is, they were sealed passages. Since the mines are quite narrow and stretch quite far, shedding at least some light on the question “what is there?” succeeded only in 1990. The robot, specially assembled for this task, managed to crawl through the mine as much as 63 meters and only discovered an obstacle in front of it - a stone door with two metal pins - handles, which, as you already guessed, the robot could not open. In 2002, another robot got to the door, drilled a hole in it, stuck a camera into it and saw that behind the door at a distance of 20 centimeters was another door, exactly the same. The drill was no longer enough to reach it. After another 9 years, they finally built a robot called Jedi, which had more confident preparation for this kind of research. So the Jedi robot reached the same place as its predecessor and simply more accurately examined the small room between the two doors. On the floor there are some kind of hieroglyphs, the meaning of which is not yet clear. Also, a special moving camera on the robot turned around and showed the door from the back side; it is well polished and has decorative hinges. In other words, this is not a stone that would prevent debris from entering the shaft, this is a door that someone used. Perhaps he was pulling her by the loops with him? But how? But the strangest thing is that for some reason not all of the pictures taken by the robot are published. For example, it is unknown what was depicted on the ceiling. And why didn’t the robot penetrate the second wall? Moreover, for some reason, nine years later, the right wall of the secret room received two longitudinal scratches, and the upper wall - the ceiling - received a deeper cut, as if it had been pushed into. Please note that according to official data, none of the robots penetrated the chamber itself. Fortunately or not, practice shows that simply meditating is not enough for the brain to develop. Requires specialized exercises and training. The best solution in this matter is the online platform VIKIUM, which offers a whole range of special courses and simulators aimed at improving brain performance. It allows you to improve memory, reaction, attention, concentration, as well as thinking. After all, our effectiveness in many areas of life directly depends on them. To achieve a quick developmental effect, the intelligent system of the Vikium online platform will generate an individual development program for every day. It is based on data about the level of development of your cognitive functions obtained after passing the introductory test. More than 4 million users have already evaluated the Vikium online platform. You can study for free, but with minor restrictions. Useful, exciting and, most importantly, it will take you 15-20 minutes a day. So it’s definitely worth a try, the link can be found under the video. Well, we go further and ask ourselves a difficult question - how old are the pyramids of Egypt? Science has not yet determined the exact date of their construction. Scientists in their definitions differ not even by centuries, but by millennia. According to the traditional version, the pyramids have already stood for 4.5 thousand years. 150 years ago, a so-called inventory stele was found in Giza, on which it was written that Cheops only ordered the Sphinx to be restored, and not to be built. Also in the 90s, it was proven that the grooves on the body of the Sphinx are traces of rain erosion, however, according to official chronology, there were no rains in Egypt for at least 8,000 years. Well, the fact that there are medieval maps with deep rivers, cities, blooming Africa and Egypt, all this, of course, just seemed. The most interesting thing is that immediately after the publication of this fact, the Egyptian authorities organized an urgent restoration of the Sphinx. As a result, all traces of erosion disappeared. Simultaneously with the restoration from national museum The inventory stele was also removed. True, there is another dating. The astronomer is told that the pyramids copy the arrangement of stars in the constellation Orion, which was observed, attention, 12.5 thousand years ago. Great Pyramid and similar in size, the Pyramid of Khafre takes the place of the two brightest stars in Orion's belt, and the smaller pyramid of Minkaur is offset from the axis of the two neighboring ones just like the third and smallest star in the belt. But maybe all this great antiquity was created not so long ago, and not thousands of years have passed since then, but several hundred? Back in the 19th century, there was an assumption about the uniqueness of the Cheops pyramid, which is also called the Great Pyramid. Judge for yourself, when measuring the Cheops pyramid itself, it turned out that the perimeter of the pyramid, divided by double the height, gives the exact number Pi with an accuracy of one hundred thousandth. It is interesting that the sacred length measure of Egypt, that is, the pyramidal inch is one billionth of the Earth's orbit, covered in 24 hours. By a strange coincidence, the pyramidal inch is exactly equal to the English inch. Why do the English units exactly correspond to the “sacred” units of Ancient Egypt? Maybe because they existed at the same historical time? By the way, this is reminiscent of a bearded joke about two horse asses, look in the comments if you don’t know. But seriously, here’s some more food for thought: At the latitude of the Egyptian pyramids, 34 degrees, is the American city of Houston. The space flight control center, where the geodetic control center is also located. The famous Cape Canaveral is also located relatively close. So one minute of this latitude of 34 degrees is equal to approximately 1609 meters. And this value is widespread and is called the American mile. They also call it British, statutory. Usually, when they just say “mile,” that’s what they mean. At the latitude of Moscow, if we take approximately 55.5 degrees, based on the fact that in those days the accuracy was quite approximate, one minute of this latitude is 1054 meters. In Russian culture this value is called double verst. One verst is correspondingly equal to 526 meters. Thus, in those days, the 17th century, length measures for each latitude were determined separately and were different everywhere. Various versions of this system are now reaching us. For example, there is the Bavarian foot and the Munich foot, the differences between which are very small. The ratio of the Moscow standard inch 2.54 to the equatorial inch 4.46 is treated as 4/7. This value - 4/7 or 7/4 was accepted as a constant, it was legalized in the 17th century and, in accordance with this measure, the size of the inch was recalculated. And this version of 4.445 cm was finally accepted. But let's return to Egypt. The diagonal of the pyramid gives its absolutely exact direction along the meridian. Moreover, the accuracy of this direction to the theoretical north pole was greater than that achieved during the construction of the Paris Observatory. And there are many other similar oddities. Well, the most interesting thing is the technology of construction of the Great Pyramid. Scientists continue to insist that the Egyptian pyramids were built from monolithic stone blocks. The absurd picture that thousands and thousands of slaves worked in quarries, cutting down monoliths weighing from 2.5 to 15 tons, and then pulling them on sleds along the sand to the construction site is still generally accepted. And in the end, with the help of ingenious machines, or with the help of giant inclined embankments, 15-ton blocks were dragged to a height of many tens of meters. True, some blocks are five times heavier, reaching seventy tons. Many years ago, Joseph Davidovich, a professor at the University of Bern, put forward a hypothesis that the pyramids could be made of concrete. As evidence, he cited the results of his chemical experiments and visual studies of ancient artifacts. Pay attention to the slab, the surface of the block is covered with a fine mesh, this is a trace of the mat that was placed on the inner surface of the formwork box. The concrete version has been developed in detail and currently explains almost all the mysteries in pyramid building technologies. The absence of gaps between the blocks, numerous traces of formwork, the nature of the filling of the blocks, smudges, embedded elements, grouting of concrete that has not yet completely cooled down and much, much more... Almost all load-bearing elements of the structures of ancient Egypt are made of sedimentary rocks. This material was ground and poured into the formwork as part of the mortar. The use of partially fired gypsum is most likely a consequence of the fact that Egypt experiences extremely high temperatures and a complete lack of precipitation in the summer. Sometimes there is no rain for several years. It is likely that no additional technical means were used to dehydrate the gypsum and the material was dehydrated naturally when heated under the sun's rays. As for the use of additives, there were probably some, because... To carry out construction work, it is necessary to increase the hardening time of the material. One of these technologies is that adding whey to a gypsum solution increases the hardening time, and it is possible that something similar was used in Egypt. IN ancient Egypt Artificial granite made from natural stone chips was widely used. Artificial granite was used not only for casting the entire structural element, but also as a decorative, protective coating for various structural and decorative elements of buildings cast from sedimentary rocks, as well as for decorating interiors as coatings. Of course, in addition to the above, stone processing was also used. Well, about the fact that the Giza plateau is well known for its massive underground system, which consists of both artificial tunnels and chambers, and underground rivers and passages, which have been mapped using ground-penetrating radar since 1978, we will tell you sometime in another time. See you on our channel.
Predecessors of the pyramids
Later pyramids
With the end of the V Dynasty, the construction of the pyramids Egyptian pharaohs didn't stop. The pyramids of the pharaohs of the V-VI dynasties have preserved for us the most ancient body of funerary texts, known as (Pyramid Texts). Pyramids were also built by the pharaohs of the 1st transition period (for example, Merikara) and the rulers of the 12th dynasty (the most famous belongs to Amenemhat III).
Later, the tradition of building pyramids was adopted by the rulers of the Meroitic kingdom.
So, until the time of King Rampsinitis, the priests further said, under good laws, Egypt achieved great prosperity. However, his successor Cheops plunged the country into disaster. First of all, he ordered the closure of all sanctuaries and prohibited sacrifices. Then he forced all the Egyptians to work for him. Thus, some were obliged to drag huge blocks of stones from quarries in the Arabian Mountains to the Nile (the stones were transported across the river on ships), while others were ordered to drag them further to the so-called Libyan Mountains. One hundred thousand people performed this work continuously, changing every three months. It took ten years for the exhausted people to build the road along which these stone blocks were dragged; the work, in my opinion, was almost as enormous as the construction of the pyramid itself. After all, the road was 5 stages long, and 10 orgies wide, in the highest place 8 orgies high, built of hewn stones with figures carved on them. The construction of this road and underground chambers on the hill where the pyramids stand continued for ten years. In these chambers, Cheops built his tomb on the island, drawing a Nile canal to the mountain. The construction of the pyramid itself lasted 20 years. It is four-sided, each side is 8 inches wide.
