What are they, Egyptian pyramids?

Perhaps the best known form of late prehistoric art, the pyramids of ancient Egypt are the world's largest funerary structures or tombs. Created from a mastaba tomb, they are one of the most enduring symbols of Egyptian art in general and Egyptian architecture in particular. The ancient Egyptians believed in an eternal afterlife and the purpose of the pyramids was to protect the pharaoh's body and all the things he would need after death to ease his transition to the afterlife. Thus, each pyramid typically contained a variety of Egyptian sculptures, paintings, jewelry, and other forms of ancient art necessary to support the deceased in his afterlife. To date, approximately 140 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt, most of which were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods (2650-1650). Oldest known Egyptian pyramids are located in Saqqara, near Memphis, south of the Nile Delta. The earliest of them is Pyramid of Djoser(built around 2630 at Saqqara), which was designed during the Third Dynasty by the famous architect Imhotep (active c. 2600-2610 BC). The highest was Great Pyramid of Giza(c. 2565), which Antipater of Sidon called one of the seven wonders of the world and is currently the only survivor of the "wonders". Exactly how many paid workers were required to cut, transport and erect the stone megaliths from which each pyramid was built is unknown, although estimates range from 30,000 to 300,000. However, the enormous resources required to create such colossal works of ancient architecture show how rich and well-organized Egyptian society was in the third millennium BC.

How did Egyptian architecture develop before the pyramids were built?

The architectural design of the pyramids was a reflection of both politics and religious customs. Before 3000 BC Ancient Egypt was actually two countries with two burial traditions. In Lower Egypt (in the north), the country was wet and flat, and the dead were buried under their family home, which was usually built on high ground. In Upper Egypt (in the south), the dead were buried far from settlements, in dry sand on the edge of the desert. The mound was usually erected over the grave. As housing and burial grounds became closer, between 3000 and 2700 it was common for nobles to be buried in a simple tomb called a mastaba. It was a simple tomb consisting of a rectangular, flat-roofed structure made of clay bricks with slightly sloping walls, within which a deep burial chamber lined with stone or brick was dug into the ground. After some time, the flat roof of the above-ground building was replaced by a pyramidal structure. Finally, the idea came - conceived by Imhotep - to stack mastabas one on top of the other, forming a series of "steps" that decreased in size towards the top, thereby creating the familiar step pyramid design. Not all pyramid projects were successful. The architects hired by King Snefru built three pyramids: the first one, pyramid at Meidum, collapsed in antiquity; second, curved pyramid, had a radically changed angle in the middle of its design; only the third red pyramid turned out to be successful.

What is the history of the Egyptian pyramids?

The next phase of construction, which occurred in the subsequent era of Egyptian New Kingdom architecture (1550-1069), focused on the construction of temples. Egyptian pharaohs were no longer buried in pyramids, but in mortuary temples located in the Valley of the Kings on the west bank of the Nile opposite Thebes. A revival of pyramid building occurred in the subsequent period of Late Egyptian architecture (c.664-30 BC). During the Napatan era in neighboring Sudan (c. 700-661 BC), a number of pyramids were built under the influence of Egyptian architects. Later, during the Sudanese Kingdom of Meroe (c. 300 BC – 300 AD), more than two hundred pyramidal funerary structures were built. For more information about the Hellenistic period (323-27 BC), see: Greek art. For information on construction methods in ancient Rome, please see: Roman Architecture (c. 400 BC – 400 AD).

What were the main characteristics of the pyramid?

Early pyramids were built differently from later ones. For example, the monumental pyramids of the Old Kingdom were built from stone blocks, while the pyramids of the late Middle Kingdom were smaller and typically made of clay bricks faced with limestone. Early structures usually had a core of local limestone covered with an outer layer of limestone best quality or sometimes granite. Granite was also traditionally used for the royal halls inside the pyramid. Up to 2.5 million limestone blocks and up to 50 thousand granite blocks could be used to build one pyramid. Average weight can be up to 2.5 tons per block, with some very large megaliths weighing up to 200 tons. The capstone at the top of the structure was usually made of basalt or granite and, if covered with gold, silver or electrum (a mixture of both), can blind observers with its reflection of the sun. Based on excavations of a number of workers' cemeteries discovered in the early 1990s, archaeologists now believe that the pyramids were built by tens of thousands of indentured laborers and artisans who were housed in huge camps nearby.

Deep inside each pyramid was the main chamber, which contained the mummified body of the dead pharaoh, placed in a precious sarcophagus. In addition, as noted, a huge number of artifacts were buried with him to support him in the afterlife, as well as monuments to the dead man himself: for example, inside Pyramids of Khafre there were over 52 life-size statues. In addition, dummy passages were dug to prevent subsequent desecration of the tomb and theft of valuables.

All Egyptian pyramids were built on the west bank of the Nile, where the sun sets, in accordance with official religious doctrine concerning the kingdom of the dead. (The pharaoh's soul supposedly united with the sun during its descent before continuing its eternal journey with it). Most of the pyramids were faced with polished white limestone ( most of which has now been stolen) to give them a shiny, reflective appearance from a distance. Bent Pyramid in Dahshur, one of the few that still retains part of its original limestone covering. They were located relatively close to the Nile, which made it easier to transport stone from the quarries near Heliopolis along the river.

Pharaohs—along with their architects, engineers, and construction supervisor—usually began building their own pyramid as soon as they ascended the throne. The two main factors that determined the pyramid's location during the Old Kingdom included its orientation to the western horizon (where the sun set) and its proximity to Memphis, the country's key city in the third millennium.

The most famous Egyptian pyramids

Pyramid of Djoser (c. 2630) (Saqqara)
Built in the necropolis of Saqqara, northwest of the city of Memphis, it is the centerpiece huge complex, bordered on all sides by a 33-foot wall of light Tura limestone. Noted as the first monumental structure made of stone and the most famous "step" pyramid of Egypt, its original height was approximately 203 feet (62 meters). It was faced with polished white limestone.

Bent Pyramid (c. 2600) (Dahshur)
This distinctive structure, called the curved, blunted or diamond-shaped pyramid and formerly also known as the southern shining pyramid, is located in the royal necropolis of Dahshur, south of Cairo. Approximately 320 feet (98 meters) high, next to the second pyramid erected by ruler Snefru. A sort of hybrid of flexible pyramids with stepped and smooth sides, the only one whose original facing of polished limestone remained intact.

Red Pyramid (c.2600) (Dahshur)
Named after the red-colored stone, at 341 feet tall, it is the largest of the three important pyramids at the Dahshur necropolis and the third largest after those at Khufu and Khafre at Giza. Experts also consider it the world's first "true" smooth pyramid. Ironically, it was not always red because - like almost all pyramids - it was originally lined with white Tura limestone. This was the third pyramid built by Pharaoh Snefru and took between 10 and 17 years to complete.

Pyramid of Khufu/Cheops (c. 2565) (Giza)
Built by Pharaoh Khufu, son of Pharaoh Snefru, the Pyramid of Khufu (Greek: Cheops) is known as the Great Pyramid of Giza. This is the oldest and largest of the three tombs in the Giza necropolis. Approximately 4,806 feet (146 meters) tall, it was the tallest man-made structure in the world for nearly four millennia. According to the eminent Egyptologist Sir Flinders Petrie, it was built from approximately 2,400,000 limestone blocks, weighing 2.5 tons each. Its construction took about 20 years. Most of the rough interior blocks were quarried locally, but the granite for the pharaoh's chambers came from quarries in Aswan, about 500 miles from Giza. In addition to approximately 6 million tons of limestone, 8,000 tons of granite and approximately 500,000 tons of mortar were used for Khufu's pyramid.

Pyramid of Djedefre (c.2555) (Abu Rawash)
Now in ruins, largely (it is believed) because it was dismantled by Roman builders who wanted to use the stone for their own building projects elsewhere in Egypt, this pyramid at Abu Rawash was built by Djedefre, son of Pharaoh Khufu. It is the northernmost pyramid of Egypt and is believed to have been similar in size to the Pyramid of Menkaure at Giza, although some evidence suggests that it may have been the tallest of all the pyramids. Originally known as the "Starry Sky of Djedefre", according to Egyptologists, its outer layer of polished granite and limestone made it one of the most beautiful pyramids.

Pyramid of Khafre (c. 2545) (Giza)
Rising to 448 feet, this pyramid, also called Shefren's Pyramid, is the second largest structure in the Giza necropolis, and because it sits on a slightly raised stone base, it appears as if it is taller than the Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops). Also made from blocks of Tura limestone, the largest of which weighed an estimated 400 tons, its outer shell was dismantled during Egyptian New Kingdom architecture by Ramesses II to provide stone for the construction of the temple at Heliopolis. To the east of the pyramid there is a regular burial temple with adjustable entrance hall, a columned courtyard, five rooms for the statue of the pharaoh, five storage chambers and an inner sanctuary.

Pyramid of Menkaure (c. 2520) (Giza)
This is the third and last of famous pyramids in Giza, located southwest of Cairo. The smallest of the three, its original height was approximately 215 feet (65.5 meters) and, like the others, it is made of limestone and granite. It served as the tomb of Pharaoh Menkaure, who, according to ancient historians such as Herodotus, was a kind and enlightened ruler. Inside the pyramid, archaeologists discovered a large number of stone sculptures depicting the pharaoh in the traditional style of Egyptian naturalism, as well as a magnificent basalt sarcophagus that may have contained the remains of Menkaure. Unfortunately, the ship carrying him to England sank off the island of Malta.

Construction: how were the pyramids built?

Egyptologists remain undecided as to the exact construction method used to create the pyramids. In particular, experts disagree on the method by which the stones were transported and laid (rollers, different types of ramps, or a lever system), as well as the type of labor used (slaves or paid workers, and if they were paid, they were given a salary or tax credit). Whatever the exact method of construction, the results were extraordinary. For example, the Great Pyramid of Giza was built with extremely precise dimensions—a piece of paper barely fits between the stones—and aligned to within a fraction of an inch across its entire 13-acre base. Latest methods construction and laser leveling methods could hardly be better. One of the reasons why the Egyptian pyramids are such an amazing example of megalithic art, and why they are among the greatest works in art history.

The 10-year obsession of the French architect made it possible to identify a new, most realistic (truthful) theory for the construction of the Cheops pyramid. In the 2013 film, he shows how the external ramp was built, along which the blocks were raised, and proves its existence on the site. This is one of the best pyramid building movies on Youtube.

How to move heavy stone blocks?

One of the main difficulties that the early pyramid builders faced was how to move the huge quantities of heavy stone blocks. It appears that this issue was resolved using methods that included the following elements. To begin with, the stone blocks were oiled to facilitate movement. Additionally, based on excavated artifacts from certain temples, it appears that the builders used a cradle-like machine to help roll the stones. This technique was validated in tests conducted by the Obayashi Corporation using 2.5 ton concrete blocks, which proved that 18 people could pull a block up a 1/4 (height to length) incline at a speed of approximately 60 feet. minute. However, this method does not work for heavier blocks in the 15-80 ton weight range. Greek architecture borrowed heavily from Egyptian building techniques.

What equipment was used to build the pyramids?

In 1997, experts joined forces to conduct a pyramid-building experiment for a television program. In three weeks, they built a pyramid 20 feet high and 30 feet wide, using 186 stones, each weighing approximately 2.2 tons. The project required the use of 44 people using iron hammers, chisels and levers. Note: Experiments done with copper tools showed that they were a viable alternative to iron tools, but would require about 20 extra people to keep them sharp. In addition to the hardware tools, a forklift was used, but no other modern equipment was permitted. Levers were used to turn and roll stones weighing up to 1 ton, while large stones were hauled using wooden sleds by a crew of 12 to 20 men.

How many workers were used to build the Egyptian pyramids?

Consultants Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall, in collaboration with Egyptologists, estimate that the Great Pyramid of Giza was built using an average workforce of approximately 14,500 people - sometimes reaching a peak workforce of 40,000 - in about ten years without using iron tools, pulleys or wheels. They calculated that such a workforce could support a work rate of 180 blocks per hour in a 10-hour workday: calculations based on data taken from modern construction projects completed in the Third World, without modern equipment.

The only one of the 7 wonders of the world that has survived to this day is the Pyramid of Cheops, or the Pyramid of Khufu, as the Egyptians themselves call it, unlike the rest of the world, which uses the Greek pronunciation of the name of the pharaoh.

To fully understand how far from us are those times when the Cheops Pyramid was built, one only has to think that for contemporaries of the other six wonders of the world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was so old that they no longer knew the answer to its secret.

Despite the fact that the most great pyramid in the world is more than four thousand years old, it has been quite well preserved to this day. Today, excursions to the Egyptian pyramids can be booked from almost any hotel in Cairo.

History and construction of the Great Pyramid of Cheops

It is believed that a certain Hemion, the pharaoh’s nephew and vizier, and, by extension, also a court architect, was involved in bringing the royal ambitions to life. The Pyramid of Cheops was built around 2540 BC, and its construction began twenty years earlier - somewhere in 2560 BC.

More than two million huge stones needed to build the Great Pyramid of Giza. The largest blocks weighed several tens of tons. For the structure weighing 6.4 million tons, so that it does not sink underground under its own weight, strong rocky soil was chosen. Granite blocks were delivered from a quarry that was located 1000 km away. Scientists still cannot find the answer to the question of how these stones were transported and how the Cheops pyramid was built

The purpose of the tallest pyramid in Ancient Egypt also causes a lot of controversy. According to the most common opinion, this is really the tomb of Cheops (the second pharaoh of the IV dynasty of rulers) and members of his family. But nevertheless, discussions around the mystery of the pyramid do not subside. For example, from the point of view of some astronomers, some kind of observatory was equipped here, since the ventilation ducts and corridors point with amazing accuracy to the stars Sirius, Thuban, and Alnitak. It is also interesting that during the construction of the Cheops pyramid, the coordinates of the Earth’s magnetic poles were also taken into account.

Geometry and description of the pyramid of Khufu

The dimensions of the Cheops pyramid are surprising even modern man. Its base occupies a huge area of ​​53 thousand square meters, which is equivalent to ten football fields. Other parameters are no less striking: the length of the base is 230 m, the length of the side edge is the same, and the area of ​​the side surface is 85.5 thousand square meters.

Now the height of the Cheops pyramid is 138 meters, but initially it reached 147 meters, which can be compared to a fifty-story skyscraper. The years have left their mark on the safety of the pyramid. Numerous earthquakes over thousands of years collapsed the stone top of the structure, and the smooth stone with which the outer walls were lined crumbled. And yet, the interior of the attraction, despite many robberies and vandals, remained virtually unchanged.

The entrance to the pyramid, located on the north, was originally at a height of almost 16 meters and was sealed with a granite plug. Now tourists get inside through a huge gap made ten meters below, left in 1820 by the Arabs led by Caliph Abdullah al-Mamun, who attempted to find treasures supposedly hidden here.

Inside the Cheops pyramid there are three tombs, located one above the other. The lowest, unfinished underground chamber is located at the base of the rock. Above it are the burial chambers of the queen and pharaoh, to which the rising Great Gallery leads. Those who built the pyramid created a complex system of corridors and shafts, the plan of which is still being studied by scientists. Egyptologists have put forward a whole theory of understanding the afterlife of people of that time. These arguments explain the secret doors and other design features.

For many years now, the Pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops in Giza, like the Great Sphinx, has been in no hurry to reveal all its secrets. For tourists, it remains the most striking attraction of Egypt. It is impossible to fully comprehend the secrets of its corridors, shafts and ventilation ducts. Only one thing is clear: the Great Pyramid is the fruit of a brilliant design idea.

• There are many opinions about when the Cheops pyramid was built and who did it. The most original assumptions are various versions of construction completed long before the Flood by civilizations that did not survive it, as well as hypotheses about alien creators.
• Despite the fact that no one knows the exact time when the Cheops Pyramid was built, in Egypt the date of the start of its construction is officially celebrated - August 23, 2560 BC.
• The latest excavations, carried out at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that the work of the pyramid builders was hard, but at the same time they were well cared for. They had a high-calorie diet of meat and fish and comfortable sleeping places. Many Egyptologists are of the opinion that they were not even slaves.
• Studying ideal proportions Great Pyramid in Giza, scientists came to the conclusion that already in those days the ancient Egyptians knew very well what the golden ratio was and actively used its principle when creating a drawing.

• There are no decorative paintings or historical inscriptions inside the Cheops pyramid, except for a small portrait in the passage to the queen's chamber. There is not even any evidence that the pyramid even belonged to Pharaoh Khufu.
• For three millennia before 1300, the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure on the planet, until a taller one was built. Cathedral in Lincoln.
• The heaviest stone block used in the construction of the pyramid weighs 35 tons and is placed above the entrance to the pharaoh's burial chamber.
• Before the Vandal Arab invasion of Egypt, the outer slabs of the Cairo pyramid were so carefully polished that in the light of the moon they emitted a mysterious shimmer, and in the rays of the sun their cladding shone with a soft peach light.
• To explore rooms that are difficult for humans to reach, scientists used a special robot.
• From 6 to 10 thousand tourists visit the pyramids every day, and about 3 million per year.

Useful information for tourists

Currently, in the museum on the south side of the pyramid you can get acquainted with exhibits that were found during excavations and in the pyramid itself. There is an opportunity to see a restored unique cedar boat (the Solar Boat), which was built by the ancient Egyptians. You can also buy souvenirs here. And the next viewing point on the territory will be the Great Sphinx.

In the evenings, a sound and light show is shown in Giza: alternating spotlight illumination of local attractions is accompanied by a fascinating story, including in Russian and English.

Opening hours of the Giza Museum complex

• daily from 8.00 to 17.00;
• in winter – until 16.30;
• during Ramadan - until 15.00.

Ticket prices

• entrance ticket to the Giza zone for foreigners – $8;
• entrance to the Cheops pyramid – $16;
• inspection Solar boat – $7.

For children and students, prices are usually two times lower.

• To visit the Cheops Pyramid, only 300 tickets are sold per day: 150 at 8.00 and 150 at 13.00.
• It is best to go to the pyramids in the morning to grab a ticket and protect yourself from the midday heat.
• The entrance to the pyramid is very low, you will have to walk 100 meters bent over, and it is also very dry, hot and slightly dusty inside. Water is not recommended for people suffering from claustrophobia, diseases of the respiratory tract and heart.
• Photo and video shooting is prohibited inside. As for photographs against the backdrop of the Great Pyramid, it is better not to give your camera into the wrong hands, as there are frequent cases of theft.
• It is better to take a photo of the Cheops pyramid (as well as other pyramids) in the morning or evening, when the sun is not shining too brightly, otherwise the image will turn out flat.
• Climbing the pyramid is strictly prohibited.
• For local residents tourists are the main and often the only source of income, so you will constantly be offered to buy something. Therefore, think carefully about whether you need certain offers, and in any case, be sure to bargain. Give tips only to those who truly deserve them.
• Be careful: there are a lot of pickpockets around.

How to get to the Cheops pyramid

Address: Egypt, Cairo, El Giza district, El Haram street

Getting there from Cairo:

• By metro (line No. 2) - to Giza station. Then transfer to bus No. 900 or No. 997 and drive along Al-Haram avenue for 15–20 minutes.
• By bus No. 355 and No. 357 from the airport and Heliopolis. It runs every 20 minutes.
• Take a taxi to Al-Haram.

From Hurghada or Sharm el-Sheikh: by tourist bus or taxi.

8-07-2016, 15:07 |

Egyptian pyramids

Egyptian pyramids are the most unique structure of the era Ancient world. Earth ancient egypt has always been a place of unique scientific discoveries archaeologists. Most of the finds naturally came from pyramids - the ancient tombs of the pharaohs. They were created to ensure immortality for the spirit of the pharaoh. Pharaoh Djoser, the first king of the Third Dynasty, became the first ruler to build a pyramid. It consists of six steps, about 60 meters high. Authorship is attributed to Imhotep, a scientist, physician and architect. Djoser was very pleased with the completed structure, so he allowed the name of the architect to be engraved on his statue - this is truly an unheard of honor for that time. Excavations at the pyramid of Djoser revealed to scientists many tombs of members of the king’s family and his entourage.

Egyptian pyramids pyramid of Cheops

The largest pyramid is the pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu or Cheops. Its age is about five thousand years, the height was previously 147 meters, and now due to the collapse it is 137 meters, the length of the side is 233 meters. Until the end of the 19th century. The Cheops pyramid was considered the tallest architectural structure in the world. It was found that it was built from 2,300,000 known blocks; they were polished and weighed about two tons. The most interesting thing is that the gap between the blocks is extremely small; it’s even difficult to insert a knife blade into it. This is amazing... Many people are still speculating how the Egyptians managed to move them. It is also important to understand how labor-intensive this work was, because those artisans who were engaged in grinding also used stone tools. On the right bank of the Nile there were quarries, where stones were mined to build the pyramids. The boundaries of the stone were marked in the rock, and workers dug a furrow along these cutoffs. Then a dry tree was placed there, water was poured on it, it expanded and the stone was broken off from the mountain. The stones were polished right there on the spot. Workers had to work in any weather. Then the blocks were transported on boats to the other side of the Nile, and they were transported on wooden sleds to the site where the pyramid was built. They were built for many years, many workers died. According to the information of the ancient scientist Herodotus, the Cheops pyramid took about twenty years to build, the workers changed every three months, and about 100,000 people worked. Two-ton boulders were lifted only with the help of human power.

Pyramids

Mysterious pyramids of Egypt

The Egyptian Pyramid of Djoser, better known as the step pyramid, is located in Saqqara, 30 km from Cairo. A visit to the pyramid is part of the Dashur-Sakkara excursion. It’s worth visiting this pyramid at least out of curiosity, because this is the very first pyramid built in honor of the ruler Djoser. The peculiarity of the pyramid is that it is made in a stepped form. Six steps - the path along which the pharaoh goes to afterworld, according to historians. Inside the pyramid there are 11 burial chambers for the pharaoh and his family members. During the archaeological excavations, Djoser himself was not discovered, only the mummies of his relatives. This is explained by the fact that by the time the excavations began, the tomb had already been plundered.

An excursion to Saqqara with a visit to the Pyramid of Djoser will cost about $80 per person.

Pyramid of Mikerin

The pyramid is located on the Giza plateau next to other famous pyramids - Cheops and Khafre. Compared to them, the pyramid of Mikerinus is considered the smallest and youngest pyramid of the famous triad. The peculiarity of this pyramid is its color - up to the middle it was made of red granite, and above it was made of white limestone. But in the 16th century, the cladding was destroyed by Mamluk warriors. Scientists explain the fact that the Mikerin pyramid is relatively small in size by the fact that the Egyptians stopped making grandiose tombs. But despite this, the pyramid never ceases to amaze scientists and travelers. For example, the largest block of stone weighs about 200 tons! What technical means helped the ancient Egyptians so much? An excursion to the pyramid is included in the Cairo travel program and costs approximately $60 per person.

Pyramid of Mikerin

The Pyramid of Cheops

There is hardly a person. who would not know the main attraction of Egypt - the Pyramid of Cheops. The height of this one of the Seven Wonders of the World today is 140 meters, and the area is about 5 hectares. The pyramid consists of 2.5 million stone blocks. The construction of the pyramid took 20 years. Several thousand years have passed since the construction of the Cheops pyramid, but the Egyptians still strongly revere the pyramid, and every year in August they celebrate the day its construction began. Despite the research and excavation of the pyramid, it still holds many secrets. For example, in the funeral room of the pharaoh’s wife, secret doors were discovered, which, according to scientists, symbolize the path to the afterlife. But archaeologists were never able to open the last door. The cost of an excursion to the Giza plateau with a visit to the pyramids is $50-60. For children, the ticket will cost half as much.

Pyramid of Khafre

Although the Pyramid of Khafre is 4 meters smaller than the Pyramid of Cheops, visually it seems higher. The secret is that the pyramid stands on a ten-meter plateau and is very well preserved to this day. The pyramid has two entrances - one at a height of 15 m, and the other on the same side at the base level. The inside of the Khafre pyramid is quite modest - two rooms and a couple of corridors, but the real sarcophagus of the pharaoh is kept here. The tomb is made at the highest level and does not leave any tourists indifferent. The tomb itself is empty.

Archaeologists found a grand discovery in a pyramid in the 19th century - a sculpture of a pharaoh made from mountain diorite.

The cost of an excursion to the Pyramid of Khafre is about $60.

Pyramid of Khafre

Dashur

This place is not as popular as the Giza plateau with its pyramids. Dashur is famous for its pyramids, which were built during the reign of Pharaoh Snofu. These structures are considered the first tombs in history built using new types of structures.

The southern pyramid, better known as Broken Pyramid, got its name due to its irregular shape. During its construction, the angles of the edges were changed for an unknown reason. This may have been a mistake, but scientists explain this as a construction move with concern for the strength and durability of the pyramid. The main difference between the Bent Pyramid is this. that it has two entrances - the “traditional” northern one and the almost never encountered southern one.

Another attraction of Dashur is the Northern Pyramid, better known by its name as the Red Pyramid. The pyramid got its name because of its red facing color. This is the first tomb with a regular pyramidal shape. The pyramid is very dark, so it is worth taking a flashlight with you. In the lowest burial chamber one can observe a high stepped ceiling, the same as in the gallery of the Cheops pyramid.

The cost of an excursion to Cairo, which includes a trip to Dashur, will cost an average of $85.

Probably every person wants to look at the pyramids. And if this is your dream since childhood, then a tour to Egypt is what you need. It’s very easy to book such a tour today - just travel companies your city through a special form on our website, or contact us with any questions you may have at 8-800-100-30-24.

The Egyptian pyramids, built by aliens, according to supporters of this point of view, were a spaceport where their spaceships landed, including to refuel.

At the top of the Cheops pyramid there is now a flat area. According to scientists, there was a triangular pyramidion stone there, but perhaps it was not there at all. It’s hard to imagine that he disappeared so easily, because his weight was about one hundred tons.

Why don’t aliens now use the pyramids for their intended purpose? Experts agree that although extraterrestrial beings continue to visit our planet, they no longer need the pyramids. Due to technological progress, they now have other ships that do not need such a spaceport. Thus, Egyptian pyramids- this is a kind of outdated space equipment of aliens.

Signs have been preserved in the pyramids indicating the placement of special alien technology there. Thus, in the Great Gallery there are 28 recesses on the walls. One gets the impression that they housed something, perhaps some mechanisms and instruments, with the help of which, in particular, energy was generated for the functioning of ships.

Where did all these devices go? Most likely, they were destroyed by the aliens themselves. After the invention of more advanced means of transportation, the old technology was no longer needed.

In the middle of the pyramid, in the royal room, there is a large granite box. Perhaps alien fuel was stored in it. There is also an opinion that various chemical processes took place in this room; it is no coincidence that this room is decorated with granite, not limestone, because granite is much harder and more reliable. The room is completely sealed, except for two tunnels, which scientists believe are ventilation shafts. But is it?

The tunnels have entrance holes 20 x 20 cm, they are located on the walls at a distance of 1 m from the floor. Is it a coincidence that the top of the granite box is at the same height? Another oddity is that the walls of the tunnels are made of large stone slabs, which suggests that something other than water flowed through them. It can be concluded that fuel was supplied upward through the tunnels to refuel the ships.

At the bottom of the pyramid there is a room with an unleveled bottom. This is strange, because all the other rooms are perfectly aligned. Perhaps there was a warehouse in it, so they did not bring it to perfect condition. The room has a tunnel leading upstairs. Most likely, an elevator was moving through the tunnel, transporting substances from the warehouse.

And the aliens moved inside the pyramids using special elevators, like capsules through numerous tunnels. It’s not for nothing that all these tunnels have such precise dimensions.

How did aliens build the pyramids? It can be assumed that they moved the stone blocks not manually, but through the air using special rays that were generated by alien ships.

Why is information about aliens hidden?

There are two main reasons why information about an alien civilization is so carefully hidden.

The first reason is to prevent the population from panicking. It is known that the US government created a special project “Blue Book”. According to official information, he was supposed to study alien phenomena. In fact, he developed various ways to hide the fact of the existence of aliens from the inhabitants of the planet.

Another reason is that world powers are trying to outdo each other in the field of research into alien technology. By studying high-tech equipment, you can gain the opportunity to apply extraterrestrial knowledge to produce unsurpassed types of weapons.

Despite such secrecy, an increasing number of the planet's inhabitants believe that we are not alone in this Universe.

Version about the construction of pyramids by a highly developed civilization

This theory is also not officially recognized, but boils down to the fact that the pyramids were built by people.

Proponents of this theory believe that once upon a time there was already a civilization on Earth with a high level of consciousness and technology.

According to one theory, such a civilization were the Atlanteans (inhabitants of Atlantis), who built the pyramids or assisted the inhabitants of Egypt in this.

According to another version, the ancient inhabitants of Egypt were able to find and apply technologies from past civilizations to build pyramids. Again, historians know nothing about the existence of such civilizations.

Another theory is that the ancient Egyptians themselves stood at an extremely high level of development.

Conclusion

To summarize, we can come to the following conclusion: whoever built the pyramids of Egypt clearly had high level developments in technology. Only an extraterrestrial civilization, or as we usually call them - Aliens, could have such a level of knowledge.