There are some amazing feats of architecture in our world, which are not just a beautifully constructed building, but something more ... It's about the unification of architecture and nature. Cities built on cliffs and rocks are presented to your attention
This theme is an addition to LifeGlobe's collection of the most beautiful cities in the world. I think that any of the places on this list can rightfully be included in the list of the most beautiful cities in the world.
10. Castellfolli de la Roca
Castellfolli de la Roco is considered one of the most beautiful villages in the Catalan region in Spain. It is built on a basalt cliff between two rivers. Most of the buildings appear to be at the very edge of the cliff, giving the illusion that they could fall at any moment. The entire village stretches less than a kilometer in length. The oldest parts of the village were built in the Middle Ages and are made up of narrow streets. The buildings here are made of volcanic rock.
9. Rocamadour
Rocamadour is a tiny village built on a rocky cliff above a gorge on the Alzou River in southwestern France. The Rocamadour buildings rise step by step towards the cliff. The village, which dates back to the 12th century, was almost left to fend for itself by the war and the French Revolution. Today it is popular again and thousands of tourists come here every year.
8. Bonifacio
Bonifacio is a city in the southern part of Corsica. The city and its fortifications stretch along the tops of a 70-meter high cliff. The cliffs of the city have been washed by the ocean so that the buildings at the very edge of the abyss seem to hang over the water.
7. Acapulco
Acapulco is the original Mexican resort town that has taken a prominent place in history since 1950 - tired of all Hollywood stars and millionaires run here. However, it remains a popular tourist destination with many people.
6. Mesa Verde
Massa Verde is located in southwestern Colorado and is home to the ancient people. It is the most significant archaeological site of Native American culture in the United States. In the 12th century, Indian tribes began to build buildings in shallow caves and under mountain ledges along the canyon walls. By 1300, all the Indians had left Mesa Verde, but their place of residence was perfectly preserved. The reason for their sudden departure remains unexplained. Theories range from crop failure due to drought to invasion by foreign tribes from the North.
5. Bandiagar Highlands
The Bandiagara Highlands is a sandy cliff in Mali that rises almost 500 meters. These cliffs are dotted with ancient cavemen dwellings. They carved their caves so that their dead loved ones could be buried high above the ground to avoid the flash floods that are common in the area.
4. Rhonda
Ronda is located in the province of Malaga in Spain. The city is located in the mountains with a height of 760 meters and is split into two parts by the Guadelevin River. To aid tourists, there are three bridges that cross the canyon. The architecture of the city got its traits from the Romans and Moors who once ruled the area
3. Al Hayyara
Al Khayyarah is a historic cliff town in the Yemen Mountains, located west of the city of Menah. It is one of the most imposing and easily accessible mountain villages in Yemen. The village was literally built into the mountain during the mining of the stone. Al Khayyar has existed since the 12th century. Structures such as granaries and water cisterns allowed this village to withstand long sieges.
2. Positano
Positano is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy. The city is as if scattered from top to bottom, right up to the very slope leading to the coast. Positano was a poor fishing village in the 20th century, but today it is very popular with tourists.
1. Santorini island
Santorini is one of the Greek volcanic islands. It is known for its stunning dramatic landscapes and amazing sunsets that can be watched from the cities of Fira and Oia. Oia was built on top of sharp cliffs near a dormant volcano, while Fira is famous for its interweaving of Venetian architecture with a number of other styles. Among the snow-white houses on the streets of these cities, there are many restaurants, taverns and hotels.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
There were no majesty mountains and rocks surrounded by clouds; it was the usual Russian space: fields, meadows, rare villages with straw and wooden roofs.
In this sentence:
majesty - an adjective formed with the suffix –ENN–;
surrounded - full participle with a prefix and a dependent word;
straw - an adjective formed with the suffix –ENN–;
woody - an adjective, the word exception (НН, although it is formed with the suffix -ЯНН-).
Answer: 1234.
Answer: 1234
Rule: Task 15. Spelling N and NN in words of different parts of speech
RIGHT-IN-PI-SA-NIE-N - / - NN-IN ONE-PERSONAL CHA-STYA SPEECH.
Tra-di-tsi-he-but is the most difficult topic for students, since substantiated na-pi-sa-nie N or NN is possible -but only with the knowledge of mor-pho-lo-gi-ches and words-in-ob-ra-zo-va-tel-zo-kons. Ma-te-ri-al "Inquiries" summarizes and si-ste-ma-ti-zi-ru-et all the right-vi-la topics H and NN from school textbooks and gives additional information from the reference books of V.V. Lo-pa-ti-na and DE Ro-zent-ta-la in the volume that is not-we-go-dim for you to complete the assignment of the exam.
14.1 N and NN in churning pr-la-ga-tel-ny (ob-ra-zo-van-ny from the names of the nouns).
14.1.1 Two NN in suf-fik-sakh
In suf-fik-sakh pri-la-ha-tel-nyh we write NN, if a:
1) pri-la-ga-tel-no-ra-zo-va-but from the su-n-t-tel-th with the os-no-howl on H with the help of suf-fik- sa N: tumAN + N → tu-man-Ny; car-man + H → car-man-Ny, car-man + H → car-man-Ny
old-fashioned (from old-na + H), cartin-ny (from card-ti-Na + H), deep-bin-ny (from deep-bi-Na + H), di- co-wine (from di-co-vi-Na + N), not-du-zhin-ny (from du-zhi-Na + N), true (from is-ti-Na + N ), bar-shchin-ny (from bar-shchi-Na + N), communal-ny (from communal-na + N), long (from lengthNa + H)
Note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have suf-fik-sa N in its composition and does not appear to be related nym to the word "country". But it is possible to explain the NN thread: a person from a foreign country considers it-that-if-ina-to-think-la-shi, stranger, in a hundred -ron-nim.
These-mo-lo-gi-che-ski can be explained by the word “genuine”: genuine in Ancient Rus na-zy-va it was true, yes, to-that-I am under-su-di-my go-to-ril "under the long-ni-ka-mi" - especially long-ni-ka-mi or whip-ta-mi.
2) pri-la-g-tel-no-ra-zo-va-but on behalf of the su-sh-t-tel-no-go by adding-bav-le-ni-em suf-fik-sa-enn -, -HE N: kluk-vEN-Ny (kluk-va), re-vo-lu-qi-ON-Ny (re-vo-lu-tion), tor-same-stEN-Ny (tor-zhestvo).
Ex-key: wind-rE-Ny (but: without-wind-rEN-Ny).
Note:
Meet the words-names are pri-la-ha-tel, in which N is a part of the root. These words need to be remembered, they didn’t come from the names of the nouns:
baggy, green, spicy, drunk, pork, red, ruddy, young.
14.1.2. In suf-fik-sakh pri-la-ha-tel-ni-she-xia N
In suf-fik-sakh pri-la-ha-tel-ni-she-xia N, if a:
1) when-la-ha-tel has a suf-fix -IN- ( go-lo-bI-Ny, we-shI-Ny, so-lo-vy-Ny, t-ry-Ny). Words with this suf-fik-som often have the meaning of “whose”: go-lo-bya, mouse, solo-vya, tiger.
2) when-la-ha-tel-noe has suf-fik-si -AN-, -YAN- ( dog-cha-ny, ov-sYa-Ny, earth-lYa-Noy). Words with this suf-fik-som often have the meaning “made of what”: from sand, from leather, from oats, from earth.
Ex-keys: glass-lYAN-Ny, olo-vYAN-Ny, de-re-vYAN-Ny.
14.2. N and NN in suf-fik-sakh of words, ob-ra-zo-van-nyh from the gl-heads. Full forms.
As is known, from the heads there can be ob-ra-zo-vains and pri-parts, and the names are pr-la-ha-tel-ny (\u003d from-head-hol- nye pri-la-ha-tel-nye). Pra-vi-la na-pi-sa-nia N and NN in these words are different.
14.2.1 NN in suf-fik-s of full pri-parts and full-length pri-la-ga-tel
In suf-fik-sah, full pri-parts and full-length pri-la-ga-tel-s, write NN, if so-good-yes-it-THAT WOULD ONE of the conditions:
1) the word ob-ra-zo-va-no from gl-go-la so-top-shen-no-kind, WITH OR WITHOUT, for example:
from the gl-go-lov bu-to-drink, you-to-drink (what to do ?, co-superior): buy-lin-ny, you-buy-lin-ny;
from the head-lovers to throw, to throw (what to do ?, a better view): bro-shen-ny-for-bro-shen-ny.
The attachment does NOT change the type of attachment and does not affect the suf-fiq-sa. Any other attachment gives the word a perfect look
2) in the word there is suf-fik-si -OVA-, -EVA- even in words of a non-so-top-shen-no type ( ma-ri-no-VAN-Ny, as-fal-ti-rO-VAN-Ny, av-to-ma-ti-zi-rO-VAN-Ny).
3) with the word, about-ra-zo-van-nom from the gl-go-la, there is a vi-si-my word, that is, it turns into a pri-private revolt, eg: mo-ro-zhen-noe in ho-lo-dil-ni-ke, var-rEN-nye in bu-lo-no).
AT-ME-CHA-NIE: In cases, when the full attachment goes to the specific preposition in the name of pri-la- g-tel-noe, na-pi-sa-nie do not me-nya-sya. For instance: Excited with this co-community, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. You-de-len-ny word is a part-part in a private about-ro-those, excited than? with this co-society... Me-nya-em pre-lo-gi-ness: His face was vzvol-no-vaN-Nym, and there is no more part, there is no revolt, because the face cannot be "excited", and this is a name that is attached. In such cases, they say about the pe-re-ho-de of the pri-la-ga-tel-nye, but on-pi-sa-nie NN this fact does not influence in any way.
More examples: De-wush-ka was very or-ga-ni-zo-vaN-Noy and vos-pi-taN-Noy... Here both words are pri-la-ha-tel names. De-vush-ku is not "ob-ra-zo-you-va-li", and she is vos-pi-tan-naya all the time, these are a hundred-yang-nye signs. From-me-nim pre-statement: We are in a hurry to meet-chu, or-ga-ni-zo-vaN-Nuu partners. Mom, vos-pi-taN-Naya is strict, and we are vos-pi-you-wa-la just as strict... And now, you-de-lain words are a part.
In such cases, in a statement to the task, we write: pr-la-ha-tel, ob-ra-zo-van-noe from the or pr-la-ha-tel, pe-re-shed-neck from pri-part.
Ex-key: not-expected, not-ha-given, not-seen-given, not-heard-khan-ny, not-cha-yang-ny, med-len- ny, ot-cha-yan-ny, sacred, desired..
Note the fact that words have gone from a number of ex-keys count-ta-Nye (mi-nu-you), de-la-Noe (equal-no-soul-shie)... These words are pi-jester-Xia in general pra-vi-lu.
Add more words here:
co-va-ny, nibbled, chewed eva / ova are included in the composition of the root, this is not suf-fiq-sy to write NN. But with the appearance of the p-joke, in general, the right-to-see: chewed-out, under-co-vaN-Ny, isklyovaN-Ny.
one of N. Srav-no-those: ra-nEN-Ny in battle (two N, in what-mu-that appeared for-wi-si-my word); from-ra-nEN-Ny, the view is so-ver-shen-ny, there is an attachment).
clever to define the kind of a word is difficult.
14.2. 2 One H in off-glacial pr-la-ha-tel
In suf-fik-sakh from-vow-gol-ny-la-ga-tel-s-s-s-xa-xia, if:
the word ob-ra-zo-va-but from the gl-go-la not-so-ver-shen-no-th form, that is, from-ve-cha-em to the question what about the subject de la li? and with the word in the pre-lo-ze-nii there are no pre-vie-si-words.
tu-she-Noe (his tu-shee-li) meat,
stri-zHE-Nye (haircut-whether) hair-lo-s,
boiled(his wa-ri-li) car-to-fel,
lo-ma-naya (her lo-ma-li) line,
stained(his mo-ri-li) oak (dark in re-zul-ta-te special-tsi-al-noy processing),
BUT: as soon as these words, when-la-ha-tel-ny, appear-la-et-sya for-vi-si-my word, they immediately re-go in a row when -party and pi-joke with two N.
tu-shEN-Noe in du-hov-ke (his tu-shee-li) meat,
stri-wives-not-long ago (haircut-whether) hair-lo-s,
va-rEN-Ny for a couple(his wa-ri-li) car-to-fel.
ONE-LI-TEA-TE: the pri-parts (right) and the pri-la-ga-tel-ny (left) have different meanings! Big-shi-mi buk-va-mi you-de-le-ny stressed vowels.
called brother, called sister - man-age, not one-of-a-kind in bio-logistic kinship with this man, but co-ordinate to brotherly (sister's) relations, good-ro-vol-no. - nA-called by me address;
planted father (using the role of ro-di-te-la same-ni-ha or not-ve-sta with sva-deb-n-rya-de). - in-with-a-woman at the table;
come-dA-noe (property, yes-va-e-my not-ve-ste her family for life in za-mu-zh-nstvo) - prI-given shi-kar-ny view;
narrow (so n-zy-va-yut same-ni-ha, from the word fate-ba) - a narrow skirt, from the word narrow, make it narrow)
Forgiven vos-kres-se-nye (re-li-gi-oz-ny holiday) - forgiven by me;
pi-sa-naya krasa-vi-tsa (epi-tet, fra-zeo-logism) - pi-san-naya mas-lom car-ti-na.
14.2.3. Na-pi-sa-nie N and NN in complex pr-la-ga-tel
In the composition of the complex word na-pi-sa-nie from-gla-gol-no-go pri-la-ha-tel-no me-nya-Xia:
and) the first part of the ob-ra-zo-va-na from the head-lovers of the not-so-top-shen-no-kind, so-chit, we write N: smooth-to-beautiful-shE-Ny (paint), go-ry-che-ka-ta-Ny, home-mo-tka-Ny, pest-ro-tka-Ny, evil-that-wea-Ny (weave); aim-but-cover-E-Ny to cover), evil-to-to-va-Ny (to-vat), little-ez-zHE-Ny (ez-dit), little-ho- WEL-NY (walk), little-but-w-Ny (but-sit), little-salty (co-pour), fine-crushed (draw-beat), fresh extinguished (ga-sit), fresh-mo-ro-zHE-Ny (mo-ro-zit) other.
b) the second part of the complex word ob-ra-zo-va-na from the pri-voch-th head-go-la of the so-ver-shen-no-kind, that is, we write NN: smooth aboutbeautiful ( aboutpaint), fresh behindmo-ro-wife-Ny ( behindmo-ro-zit), etc.).
In the second part of complex forms, it is written N, although there is an attachment PER-: gl-same-Nye-pe-re-gl-same-Nye, la-ta-Nye-pe-re-la-ta-Nye, but-she-Ny-pe-re-no-she-Ny, sti- ra-Noe-pe-re-sti-ra-Noe, arrow-la-Ny-pe-re-arrow-la-Ny, shto-pa-Noe-pe-re-shto-pa-Noe.
In this way, you can complete the task by al-go-rit:
14.3. N and NN in brief pri-la-ga-tel-ny and short pri-parts
Both the attachments and the attachments have not only full, but also short forms.
Pra-vi-lo: In short, there is always one N.
Pra-vi-lo: In short appendices, there is as much H as in full form.
But in order to take-the-thread of the right-vi-la, you need time-to-li-chan pri-la-ha-tel-nye and pri-part.
ONCE-LI-TEA-TE short pri-la-ha-tel-nye and ad-part:
1) on the issue: short pri-la-ha-tel-nye - what? ko-va? how are you? how-to? how-to-you ?, a short ad-part - what have you done? what have you done? what is done? what have you done?
2) by knowledge (a brief accessory has to do with an action, you can replace the thread with a glance; a short application gives a harak -te-ri-sti-ku defining-de-la-e-my word, about the action is not co-general);
3) on-li-chiyu for-wi-si-my word(short attachments do not have and cannot have, short attachments have).
| Brief details | Short pri-la-ha-tel |
|---|---|
| na-pi-san (ras-skaz) m. genus; what have you done? by whom? | boy ob-ra-zo-van (what is it?) -from the full form ob-ra-zo-van-ny (what?) |
| na-pi-sa-na (book) railroad; what have you done? by whom? | de-voch-ka ob-ra-zo-van-na (ka-ko-va?) - from the full form ob-ra-zo-van-naya (what?) |
| na-pi-sa-no (co-chi-no-nie) Wed kind; what did-la-but? by whom? | child ob-ra-zo-van-no (ka-ko-vo?) -from the full form ob-ra-zo-van-no (what?) |
| ra-bo-you na-pi-sa-ny, pl. number; what have you done? by whom? | children ob-ra-zo-van-ny (ka-to-you?) -from the full form ob-ra-zo-van-ny (what?) |
14.4. One or two Ns can be written in na-speeches.
In na-re-chi-yakh in -O / -E, there are as many H as there are in the original word, eg: quietly with one H, since in pr-la-ha-tel calm suf-f-fix N; slow with NN, since in pri-la-ha-tel-n slow HH; enthusiastically with NN, since in part enthusiastic NN.
With the seemingly non-complexity of this right-vi-la, there is a problem of blemishness of the grading into speech, short kih pri-parts and brief pri-la-ha-tel. For example, in the word co-wed-do-to-che (N, NN) about it is not possible to choose one or another nap-sa-nie WITHOUT knowing than this word is in the preposition or word-in-so-che-ta-nii.
ONCE-LI-TEA-TE short pri-la-g-tel, short pri-part and speech.
1) on the issue: short pri-la-ha-tel - what is it? ko-va? how are you? ka-in? how-to-you ?, a short ad-part - what have you done? what have you done? what is done? what have you done? na-speech: how?
2) by knowledge (a brief accessory has to do with an action, you can replace the thread with a glance; a short application gives a harak -te-ri-sti-ku defining-de-la-e-my word, about the action is not co-general); in-speech denotes a sign of an action, as it proceeds)
3) by role in the pre-lo-gion:(short pri-la-ga-tel-nye and short-a-clicks for-often appear-la-yut-Xia ska-zu-e-we-mi, in-speeches
from-but-sit-Xia to gl-go-l and y-e-th-th-th-th-th)
14.5. N and NN in the names of the nuns
1.In the nouns (as well as in the short appendices and in the speeches), there is as much H as in pri-la-ga-tel-nyh (pri-part-sti-yah), from which they form-ra-zo-va-ny:
| NN | H |
|---|---|
| captive (captive) | nef-ty-nik (nef-ty-noy) |
| ob-ra-zo-van-nost (ob-ra-zo-van-ny) | go-sti-ni-tsa (go-sti-ny) |
| from-gnan-nik (from-gnan-ny) | vet-re-nick (vet-re-ny) |
| leaf-vein-ni-tsa (leaf-vein) | poo-ta-ni-tsa (pu-ta-ny) |
| vos-pi-tan-nik (vos-pi-tan-ny) | spice (spicy) |
| gu-man-nost (gu-man-ny) | dog-cha-nick (dog-cha-ny) |
| high-high-high (high-high) | smoked (smoked) |
| urav-no-ve-shen-ness (urav-no-ve-shen-ny) | tasty mo-ro-same (mo-ro-same) |
| pre-given (pre-given) | tor-fyanik (tor-fyan-noi) |
From the names of pri-la-ha-tel-ra-zo-va-ny and the word
kindred / ik from kindred, side-ronn / ik from sides, one-mouse-lenn / ik from one-mouse-lenn, (evil-intentional-lenn / ik, co-intentional-lenn / ik), became-lenn / ik from imposed-len-ny, drowned-lenn / ik from drowned-len-ny, numerical / ik from numerical, co- paternal / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Su-ness-tel-tel-nye can also be derived from the head-heads and other names of s-ness-tel-tel.
| Pishet-Xia NN, one N is included in the root, and the other in the suf-fix. | H * |
|---|---|
| fraud / nickname (from the purse, what does the bag, wallet mean) | toil / enik (from toil) |
| friend / nick (from friend) | torment / enik (from mu-chit) |
| raspberry / nick (ma-li-na) | powder / enitsa (from powder) |
| name-nin / nick (names-ni-ny) | birth / enitsa (to give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (from me-na) | brother-in-law / e / nits / a |
| nephew | var / enik (var-rit) |
| devil-pri-dan / nitsa | BUT: pri-da-noe (from pri-give) |
| insomnia | uch / e / nickname |
| aspen / nick | imp-silver / enik |
| ringing / beating | silver-re / nick |
Note to the table: * Words, which are pi-joking with N and at the same time are not derived from pr-la-ga-tel-ny (pri-parts) in Russian language is unique. You need to learn them by heart.
Pishet-Xia NN and in words traveler (from pu-te-she-stv-vat), predecessor (pre-march)
"Okoymy Przemysl"
annotation
In his "History of the Russian State", in the second chapter (narration based on the Nestorov Chronicle), the outstanding Russian writer - sovereign, mentor, that is, the spiritual father of Pushkin Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin very clearly described the origin of the Slavic tribes.
« Many Slavs, - considered Karamzin, - tribesmen with the Lyakhs who lived on the banks of the Vistula, settled on the Dnieper in the Kiev province and were called glades from their clean fields. Such an ethnos disappeared in ancient Russia, but his name became the common name of the Poles, the founders of the Polish state». « From this same tribe, - wrote Karamzin, - there were two brothers, Radim and Vyatko, the heads of the Radimichs and Vyatichs: the first chose a dwelling for himself on the banks of the Sozh, in the Mogilev province, and the second on the Oka, in Kaluga, Tula or Orel. The Drevlyans, so named from their forest land, lived in the Volyn province. It is still accepted to think so. And the neighbors of the Vyatichi tribe on the east side of the Oka and Zhizdra river basins were a tribe of skilful Krivichi».
On the map of the modern Russian Federation, the territory of the Kaluga Region is sewn into the mosaic of the Central Federal District with a multi-petal carnation between 54 and 55 degrees north latitude and 36-37 degrees east longitude. About 4 percent of the region's area is occupied by the Przemysl region, located on the banks of the Oka to the south of the regional center.
According to the map of the modern Kaluga province, the location of the municipality "Peremyshl District" is in the east of the region. East and rapture are similar words in the sound structure in Russian. The sunrise in the east of the sky delights the farmer. Therefore, the eastern end of the earth is the most beautiful. So it is in the land of Kaluga: its Przemysl region is delightfully beautiful!
The author of the excellent book in 1998 about Przemysl - a quiet district town of the Kaluga region - was Sergei Fedorovich Pitirimov, a man of active modesty, a wise, and therefore alien to any rhetoric and public relations lyric poet. He spoke with sincere love about his cultural predecessors. This is the forest professor Toursky, playwright and translator Lyubimov, the son of the chief of police and the most educated encyclopedist Brillianty.
In 2004, I took part in the elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Kaluga Region in the Przemysl constituency. During the pre-election period, as a campaign material, he wrote a documentary essay "Blue-eyed Oka - Russian Shores", published in 2004 in the form of a propaganda brochure by the printing house "Polygraphinform". The book "Okoyomy of Przemysl" is the fulfillment of a "candidate's" duty to voters from the banks of the Oka.
In this story, I tried to complement my senior comrade and friend from the Kaluga Writers' Organization S.F.Pitirimov, who has been in Eternity since 2000. My contribution is information about the modern administrative structure of the municipality, a story about Tsiolkovsky's travels on a bicycle to the village of Korekozevo, as well as personal memories of the outstanding lyricists of Oka - Sergei Pitirimov, Anatoly Kukhtinov, journalist and poet Alexei Zolotin.
Chapter 7. Eye of culture
On the way to Przemysl
Month on the right side
Alexander Pushkin left to the Russian people not only genius poems, but also wonderful prose: dramas, stories and traveller's notes. In the first chapter “ Travels to Arzrum "he wrote:" From Moscow I went to Kaluga, Belyov and Oryol, thus making 200 extra miles, but I saw Ermolov».
Perhaps, driving through the Przemysl fields, the poet once again indulged in the sadness of loneliness among the vast expanses, and verses sounded in his heart:
I drove to you: living dreams
A playful crowd followed me,
And the month on the right side
Zealous accompanied my run.
The stay of A.S. Pushkin in the vicinity of Przemysl is nowhere noted, however, he could not bypass them on his trip in 1829, because his path ran along the old Kaluga-Kozelsky tract.
The brothers Kireevsky, Ivan Vasilievich and Pyotr Vasilievich, N.V. Gogol, A.K. Tolstoy, F.M.Dostoevsky, V.A.Zhukovsky, F.I.Tyutchev, A.N. Maikov, have repeatedly visited Przemysl. A. A. Fet, A. N. Apukhtin, M. M. Prishvin, who visited the Optina Monastery. LN Tolstoy stopped in Przemysl, making a trip to Shamordino and Optino.
Memory of the warm earth
The remarkable Russian writer I. Sokolov-Mikitov called his homeland, the Przemysl region, "Warm Land" and always recalled it with the deepest affection:
« The modest nature of the places where I spent the first years of my adult life did not shine with lush beauty. There were no majestic mountains and rocks surrounded by clouds, spectacular, seductive for artists, stunning panoramas. It was the usual Russian expanse: fields, forests, villages with thatched and wooden roofs overgrown with velvet moss, with dull little windows, from which the pale faces of people peeped out. You drive, drive, it used to be dozens of miles, and no matter how it changes, the landscape around you hardly moves».
« From my mother, a Kaluga hereditary peasant woman, I borrowed love for the word, anxiety of character, from my father - love for nature, a lyrical disposition of the soul.
Trips with my father, walks in the forest, fishing in a quiet pond overgrown with water lilies, every cherished corner of which I still remember, the stories and tales of my father left an indelible impression. Together with my travel dreams, my father awakened in me a passion for hunting».
“In the fate and tastes of each person, his childhood, the environment in which he lived, was brought up and grew up, is of great importance. The words we hear from our mothers, the color of the sky we saw for the first time, the road running away into the distance, the overgrown river bank, the curly birch under the window of our home forever remain in our memory ”.
Ivan Sergeevich Sokolov-Mikitov lived a long and difficult life. He was born on May 17 (29), 1892, and died on February 20, 1975.
Distant birds
In August 1950, the poet Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava came to this region. In Shamordino, in a rural school, he taught Russian language and literature, many times he visited Przemysl and the surrounding villages. The impressions of being on the banks of the Oka were vividly reflected in the first book of the poet "Lyrics", published by the Kaluga book publishing house in 1956.
Bulat Shalvovich says:
Creative meetings with the prose writer Vladimir Koblikov, poets Valentin Ermakov, Mikhail Kuzkin are memorable for the workers of the district.
Oka-Russian woman
Khakas came by nationality from the banks of the Yenisei to the banks of the Oka to live, serve and write poetry. The last years of his life Mikhail Kuzkin-Voronetsky spent in the village of Andreevskoye, where for many hours at all seasons he stomped on the high coastal terrace, mesmerized by the sublunary view of the Oka valley. He loved this land with all his heart and sang it.
Kuzkin is a remarkable master of lyrical descriptions of the nature of the Kaluga region and passionate relationships with women.
... We sail to Tarusa along the big Oka,
And stays aloof behind us
Kaluga is a little stranger in the distance, -
Overwhelmed by hot forests.
The bend in the sun is so sharp
And the coast is receding so gently ...
Crawling among the oak trees like the smoke of a fire
A winding narrow road.
... The river distance is light and deep.
And the world is so open today! Right,
I never thought that Oka.
It happens so full and stately.
I look at the coast from under my arm
And I do not think for long in dismay:
How did you live, Russia, without the Oka -
With one Volga?
... I remember how by the end of summer in the very
in the middle of the day, when the heat has grown stronger,
Behind the yellow Prioksky forests
The shifted steppe opened up to the sky.
The field road attracted me ...
Sinking on a stone under a pine tree
I sat there for a long time, remembering
As the heat flowed around the hills.
... And you can see, this steppe world to tears
dear to me because I will be soon
green whirlwind of solar birches,
running along the highway on the slope.
And now, when forgetting about the vanity,
I look at the forest - is it near or far, -
As if I was looking at the appearance,
In which I will soon find eternity.
And therefore I kiss the red slope
Lands with oak trees in the sunshine,
What will be saved for future times
The mystery of my existence.
Translator Lyubimov
Theater town
The people of Przemyshl are rightfully proud of their wonderful fellow countryman, an outstanding writer and translator of fiction, Nikolai Mikhailovich Lyubimov, whose books adorn the shelves of many libraries, instill in readers a loving attitude to the Russian word, strengthen a sense of devotion to the motherland, and develop a subtle artistic flair.
In the Lyubimov family, who lived in the county town of Przemysl, there was a persistent tradition - to give books on their birthday and name day.
In his biographical story of life, Lyubimov says:
« Our town has long been a theater town. From 22 to 30, in winter and summer, the efforts of rural teachers, high school students, students of technical schools and universities who come on vacation were staged performances under the guidance and participation of Sofia Iosifovna Melipova, a teacher of Russian language and literature, who later moved to Moscow and was awarded the order for her teaching activities Of the Red Banner of Labor and the Order of Lenin. And almost every performance of this community of amateurs became an event in the life of the town; he shook us up, enriched, awakened both thought and feeling, brought up artistic taste. The start of the performance was usually late. "Gallery" stomps and shouts: "Time!" But then the prompter darted into his booth, the curtain crawled in both directions, and in front of the silent spectators at once, art is born that is far from perfect, but genuine, in which it was impossible not to believe, the ingots of which I still take from the bottom of my memory. The scenery changed slowly, the intervals were shamelessly prolonged, and when the spectators went home at dawn, the hostesses were already driving them into the herd of cows. And then for several days you live like in a dream: inner hearing with echoes of voices, before your eyes - figures and faces. And my heart is sad: I was so looking forward to this evening, and now it has already sunk. You console yourself with the fact that a month will pass - and again you will be seized by the inexplicable, like any magic, the sacred enchantments of the Theater, under the influence of which mankind has irresistibly strived to fall from ancient times.
Already the repertoire of this permanent group gives an idea of \u200b\u200bits literary culture and daring. Here is some list of staged plays: "The Inspector General" and "Marriage", "Our People - We Will Numbered!" "Tsar Fyodor Ioanovich", "Krechinsky's Wedding".
Sofya Iosifovna played mainly everyday roles, showing tenacious observation and a sense of humor. Her best role is the old witch Evdokia Antonovna in Days of Our Life. Oh, how scary she was! .. Especially in the third act, when persuading her own daughter to sell herself to von Rencken, she shouted at her:
- Slut! Rubbish! .. Who will buy you such? There are hundreds of people like you on the boulevard!»
« Taste in the field of theater was put on me as a child in Przemysl"- recalled N. M. Lyubimov.
Telephone communication with the future
When in 1923 a telephone connection was made to Soviet institutions in the district center, a little theater fan began to climb into the office of the father of one of his friends, where he played a "conversation with Katchalov", admired his talent, and expressed his love for the famous artist.
From a Moscow student, the talented provincial grew into a metropolitan figure of culture and art, a theater critic. Translator of foreign classical literature. In his creative practice, Lyubimov maintained a close relationship with the very masters of the stage, with whom in his childhood in Przemysl he conducted imaginary discussions on the phone.
On the pages of his book of memoirs "Bygone Summer" N. M. Lyubimov gave amazingly accurate characteristics of the actors and their work. For example, Leonidov “penetrates the audience through and through” with his gaze, Knipper-Chekhova was “an example of internal external grace”, Tarkhanov amazed with “ideal comprehension of theatrical art”, Pashennaya - “extreme expressiveness”, Massalitinov - “skill of reincarnation”, Moskvin - destruction of tradition ”.
The famous writer Veniamin Kaverin praised the work of the translator Lyubimov: “ Lyubimov translates so that his personality is visible behind the book. It is necessary to be a little akin to Rabelais himself, so that behind the book we see the author, his laughter and bitterness, his emotional scope, his irony, his faith in man».
Sage from Korekozev
Peasant intellectual
Ask any resident of Korekozev: "What is your village famous for?" The answers will vary. For instance:
- It is the longest in the Kaluga region - five kilometers.
- The first post-war order bearers appeared here, and the collective farm chairman Prudnikov was a Hero of Socialist Labor.
- The buttercup monastery - according to legend, the oldest in our area.
- The first hydroelectric power plant in the region.
- This is the only village in Russia where three members of the USSR Writers' Union come from.
“And for me Korekozevo is also famous for the fact,” recalls one of them, the famous Kaluga journalist and poet Aleksey Petrovich Zolotin, “that a wonderful old man, a sage, a true rural philosopher Fyodor Kuzmich Pitirimov lived here. In November 1964, the Znamya newspaper, under the heading "Meetings with Interesting People", published my article "An Evening at Fedor Kuzmich's" about him. This is how I presented it to the readers then:
« For a long time I was going to write about Fyodor Kuzmich Pitirimov, this "very correct person", in the words of fellow villagers, a communist, chairman of the Korekozevsky village council. He is one of the organizers of the "May Day" collective farm, he was at the helm for eight years, and when the farm was enlarged and Grigory Nikolayevich Prudnikov was elected chairman, Fyodor Kuzmich honestly and conscientiously worked as a private. For the last three years he has chaired the village council.».
The article describes one evening spent with Fyodor Kuzmich. Then there were a few more - and all are memorable. I will try to remember and convey some fragments of conversations with this amazing person. Like all modest people, he flatly refused to talk about himself: “ I have nothing special. You shouldn't have thought of it ...»About fellow villagers - please.
Stories from Fyodor Kuzmich
The memory of Pitirimov Sr. has preserved a lot of stories.
— Here is Nikita Nikitich Dragonfly. He is older than me, but he works - he does not lag behind other young ones. From the first days of the collective farm - wherever they send. Requires no awards, no posts. And a man of amazing honesty. He walks along the road, sees a board or some kind of rope - he will not be too lazy, he will definitely take it - to the sawmill, to the stable ... And in general, a very interesting old man.
Or another story by Fyodor Kuzmich about his fellow villager Vladimir Ivanovich Nikonov:
— Also a very, very original grandfather. I admired his hard work. After the war, he mainly worked at the crossing. Here, I remember, I was walking early one morning, at four o'clock, I decided to look at the fields beyond the river. I did not expect to meet him on the ferry at this hour, I thought he was sleeping at home. I looked into the ferry booth - and there really is no one. I looked, and he was fumbling by the boat, making something. We started talking.
— And at me, my brother, - Vladimir Ivanovich shared the news, - there are moose.
— What moose?
— And such. Every evening, a little dark, they will leave the forest and in this place they swim across the river. They graze there. At night they feel good there, at ease. And in the morning - back to the forest. Just before your arrival, they swam ... I don't tell anyone about them: they will frighten them off, but they are already used to me ...
— What quality do you value most in a person?? - I once asked Fyodor Kuzmich.
— Eh, here you are inciting me to philosophy. Each person is a page of a large book - history, and they are all interesting in their own way. As the ancient Romans said, suum kuikve - to each his own! .. In short, a person should sow good, sow "reasonable, good, eternal." For me, it is important what a person gives to people, so I judge how useful he is. And finally, honesty. This is what I value most in a person ...
— We often had a conversation about poetry, - Alexey Zolotin continued his story, - and every time I lost the feeling of something familiar, everyday: as if this is not an elderly collective farmer who has finished five classes of an old rural school, but a specialist in philology. Fyodor Kuzmich not only quoted Pushkin and Lermontov, Byron and Heine, Horace and Virgil - he freely supported them with words of his thoughts, views on poetry and literature in general. So it is no coincidence, but according to the law of succession, one of the sons of Fyodor Kuzmich, and in all he had five children, Sergei Pitirimov, became a famous Russian poet, a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR. But Sergei Fedorovich became famous in his declining years, and in his youth he dreamed of geology and only tried himself in poetry. I must say, not without the approval of his authoritative father.
Another conversation with Fyodor Kuzmich was remembered by a friend of his son and poetic peer Zolotin. With a smile of bright emotion, Alexei Petrovich, also a popular writer far beyond the borders of his native Przemysl region, recalls Pitirimov Sr., his old man's tales.
— Somehow I came across a book, - shared Fedor Kuzmich. - It was written in the seventeenth year, even before the revolution. It considered very important problems - how to bring Russia out of ruin. The author - I don't remember his last name - suggested developing the economy in the east of the country. Everything seems to be correct. But how did he suggest doing this? Have recourse to foreign monopolies. What would be left of Russia then? Would be swallowed by predators. That’s the kind of thing - it seems that a person was bothering about the interests of the Motherland, but no. Loving the Motherland is not what talking about this love ...
As if this conversation took place today, - Zolotin recalled, - it is so relevant. Today there are again disputes about how to raise the country's economy: with the help of foreign monopolies or independently? It seems that the first point of view wins. But it is also useful, I think, is the warning of Fyodor Kuzmich Pitirimov: predators would not swallow Russia ...
Until 1812, this ancient city in Jordan was lost to the modern world. The magnificent Petra, carved by skillful architects right into the rocks, amazes with an incredible play of light and shadow: local temples, local houses and passages in the rocks are made of red sandstone, which creates such an effect. Among the red sandstones of the desert, the city carved into the rock looks like a real fairy tale.
- this is a journey that is never forgotten. But how did the ancient people manage to build such a magnificent structure?
It is known that the Nabataean tribe by the first century AD became the most skillful stone craftsmen. The very name Peter is translated from Greek as a stone.
The whole city seems to be hidden in the narrow Siq canyon. You can get to the territory of Petra only through the gorges located in the north and south. From the east and west, the city is reliably protected by steep cliffs, the height of which reaches sixty meters.
The famous treasury of the pharaoh Al-Khazneh was originally the temple of the goddess Isis. This mausoleum is considered the greatest example of ancient architecture - architects still do not understand exactly how the Nabateans managed to hew out such an incredible structure without using scaffolding.
Another amazing building is located outside the city limits. Ad-Dair -the rock temple is a monumental building that is entirely carved into the mountain.
For centuries, trade routes have brought Petra incredible money. From the Persian Gulf, caravans laden with spices flocked here, and on the way to Damascus merchants brought precious stones and silks to Petra. The discovery of the sea route to the East by the Romans was the beginning of the end of the great city: the land trade in spices dried up and Petra gradually became empty.
Alas, only these architectural monuments remained from the former wealth and splendor of the Nabataean Empire. Bedouins graze their goats outside the walls of what was once the region's greatest city, and adventurous Arabs ride camels for the little Americans.
Only for Bedouins, Petra is not a miracle, but a simple business. Every year millions of tourists from all over the world flock to Jordan just to see this splendor with their own eyes.
Better than mountains can only be mountains,
Which I haven’t been to yet ...
Vladimir Vysotsky
There are many poems, songs and stories about mountains. Still, everyone who has ever seen the mountains will remember their greatness and beauty for life. Many try to conquer them, and many just watch and admire this splendor and miracle of nature ...
We present to you a small selection of some of the most famous, majestic and beautiful mountains on our planet ...
Armenia
In many mountains and extinct volcanoes. The highest mountain in the territory of modern Armenia is Aragats, whose height is 4094 meters.
Mount Ararat is an ancient extinct volcano, the last eruption of which was in 1840. It consists of two mountains, which have merged at the bases: Masis (Big Ararat) and Sis (Small Ararat) and this is the highest point of the Armenian Highlands.
Ararat is famous not only for its natural beauty and grandeur, but also for its biblical legends. It was on this mountain that Noah's ark ended up after the waters of the flood left.
Altai mountains
Altai is a land of incomparable mountains, magnificent in its beauty. The Altai Mountains are a system of the highest ridges in Siberia.
For more than a century, the harsh and beautiful peaks have been attracting scientists, travelers, tourists, photographers, artists, climbers, as well as pilgrims, since many of the local mountains are local shrines.
The Alps are located in Central Europe and are located in the territories of northern Italy, southern Austria, the southern half of Switzerland and eastern France.
Switzerland
The Swiss mountains are, above all, of course, the Alps, majestic and fabulously beautiful, sharp peaks covered with snow, and slopes with green meadows.
In addition, the Swiss mountains are an oasis for skiers, snowboarders and other winter sports enthusiasts.
Italy
Dolomites - this is the name of the mountain range in the north-east of Italy. Its length is more than 150 km and an altitude of more than 3300 meters.
The presence of dolomite in the structure of the mountains gives them a special charm - in the rays of the rising and setting sun, the rocks acquire unusual shades, from cream to pale pink.
The mountain system of the Carpathians stands in the center of Europe and belongs to the northern branch of the Alpine fold belt.
The Ukrainian Carpathians are located in the western region on the border with Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Romania. On the tops of the mountains, there are valleys - alpine meadows, where you can see many types of plants.
Africa
In the northeast of Tanzania, in a desert plain, there is the highest peak in Africa - the incomparable volcano Kilimanjaro. It is located above the Masai Plateau.
The top of a dormant volcano in a snow-white cap that sparkles in the rays of the bright sun of Africa.
Perhaps that is why the locals named it - Kilimanjaro, which in Swahili means "sparkling mountain".
In the old days, the tribes inhabiting this area, who had never seen snow, thought it was covered in silver.
Caucasus mountains
Mount Fisht
Fisht is one of the most famous and beautiful peaks of the Western Caucasus. In clear weather it can be seen from Krasnodar, Sochi, Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Armavir and Timashevsk.
The extraordinary Mount Elbrus, which attracts climbers, skiing and outdoor enthusiasts, is actually a volcano.
Scientists call this mountain a stratovolcano, which means that from time to time, lava flows erupt from the vent, which, due to their density, do not spread over long distances, but freeze near the eruption site. Therefore, Elbrus "grows" every time and today is considered the highest mountain peak in Europe.
Alaska
McKinley is a two-headed mountain located in Alaska and is the highest peak in North America. Stands in the center of Denali National Park.
Chile
Mountains occupy 80% of Chilean territory. These are two parallel ridges - the Main and the Coastal Cordillera. The highest mountain point in Chile is Ojos del Salado.
USA
Mountains, canyons, hills and sky-high peaks, the Sierra Nevada mountains surround the center of the California Valley, protecting it from the hot desert winds.
California is home to the lowest geographic level in Death Valley and the highest mountain peak in the United States, Whitney.
Logan is the tallest mountain in Canada. It stands in the Cloway National Park in the southwest of Canada in the Yukon in the mountain range - St. Elijah's Ridge.
Canadian Rockies, Appalachians, Long Range, Carlton, Cordillera, Colonels, Mackenzie are just a small part of Canada's mountain splendor.
Tajikistan
The Fan Mountains are located in the southwest of the Pamir-Alai near the Zeravshan and Gissar ranges. Fans are attracted primarily by the excellent sunny and stable weather in July - August.
The main treasure of the Fan Mountains is, of course, lakes. There are more than thirty of them here. Big and small, deep and shallow, legendary and lost in impregnable gorges.
Himalayas
One of the most famous incredible wonders of the world is the Himalayan Mountains. It is not only the greatness of this creation of nature, but also the large amount of unknown that these gigantic peaks contain.
The Himalayan massif passes through the lands of five states - India, Pakistan, China, Nepal and the Kingdom of Bhutan. The eastern foothills of the ridge are bordered by the north of the Republic of Bangladesh.
Japan
Despite the dense population of Japan, a large area is occupied by the masterpieces of nature - the mountains of Japan. They took the third part of the country's surface. Here you can see the most amazing reliefs - from the lowlands of the forests to the mighty highlands.
In addition, Japan is famous for its volcanoes, of which there are more than 200, 160 of which are considered extinct.
The indisputable symbol of the country is the sacred Mount Fuji. This is the most beautiful and famous mountain in Japan, which was sung in ancient legends and tales.
In addition to her, the mountains of Ontakesan, Hakusan and Tateyama are also strongly revered.
