If you look at the map Pacific OceanYou can see the greatest cluster of the islands on our planet - Oceania. Islands - and large, and small, and very tiny - there are more than ten thousand. They are divided into polynesia (in Greek it means "a lot of islands"), Micronesia and Melanesia.
Many Ocean Islands are coral atol. However, most of them are just the tops of underwater volcanoes.
Easter Island in Oceania is known for its amazing statues of MOAI with elongated heads and short torso, which reach twenty meters in height.
What is oceania? Wikipedia
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Oceania is the largest cluster of the islands in the central and western parts of the Pacific Ocean. Its islands are scattered from subtropical latitudes of the north to moderate latitudes of the southern hemisphere.
Oceania includes more than 7 thousand islands with a total area of \u200b\u200b1.3 million km2. Most of Islands grouped into archipelagoes: New Zealand, Hawaii, Fiji, Tuamot, etc.
(see map).
Oceania's Europeans became known in the XVI century, since the first worldwide swimming F. Magellan.
The special chapter in the history of its discovery and research is the navigation of J. Cook and the campaigns of Russian navigators V. M. Golovnina, F. P. Litke, S. O. Makarov, etc. Only in the XIX century. In the Pacific visited more than 40 Russian expeditions, which collected valuable scientific information.
A great contribution to the study of nature and the population of Oceania.
Map of Australia and Oceania
N. Miklukho-Maclay. He not only studied the life and life of the peoples of the island of New Guinea, but also amounted to interesting descriptions Coast of the Tropical Sea. On the contribution of our compatriots in the study of Oceania, Russian names on the map: the shore of the Maclay, the islands of Russians, the Atoll Suvorov, Kutuzov, Lisyansky, etc.
Nature features. Oceania islands are very picturesque. The bizarre outlines of the green highlastic islands arose on the horizon, the view of the flat atolls, shown by slim palm trees, with a coastal strip of white coral or black volcanic sand strikes the imagination of a man.
Most of the islands of Oceania is surrounded by coral reefs, which take over the blows of formidable ocean waves and quench their gigantic power.
Physico- geographical positionThe size and origin of the islands are closely related to the structure of the Pacific DNA.
Most Oceania islands refers to volcanic and coral, some of them are the vertices of the underwater ridges. There are mainland islands. Islands in the West Oceania lie in the area of \u200b\u200bisland arcs formed at the boundary of lithospheric plates (see
The position in a huge water space, the small sizes of sushi and remoteness, isolating the islands from the mainland sushi and from each other they had a significant impact on the nature of the islands and the life of the peoples of Oceania.
Most of the islands are located in the equatorial, subequatorial and tropical belts.
Only New Zealand and the island adjacent to it - in subtropical and moderate. Oceania climate is warm, smooth, soft, especially favorable person. Because of the position of the islands on both sides of the air temperature is high, but winds from the ocean significantly soften the heat.
Temperature fluctuations for seasons and within a day are insignificant. The change of air pressure over the ocean's expanses leads to frequent hurricanes.
Isolation of the islands is most reflected in their vegetable and animal world.
He is very peculiar. The poorest of all the life on small and relatively young in the age of coral islands, and on the mainland it is somewhat diverse and richer. In the animal world of the islands there are no predators or poisonous snakes. Rich with the life of the coastal waters of the islands and especially the atolls.
Therefore, the islands in the ocean is like oasis among the water desert.
As well as common features There are differences in the nature of the islands.
High mountainous mainland islands alternate with flat atolls, one lie on the equator and have a hot climate, others are located in a subtropical belt, where it is hot only in summer.
Natural coral islands complexes are most closely connected with the ocean. Marine animals, leading an amphibious lifestyle, such as crabs inhabit them. Many atolls are nesting seabirds. Coconut palms and shrubs are growing on these islands adapted to strong, saturated moisture and sea salt winds.
Oceania cards
A) Fiji c) Western Samoa C) New Zealand D) Tonga E) Papua New Guinea
2. Read the Equatorial Race differ
A) yellow skin and widely open eyes c) an elongated skull and light skin C) a narrow nose, a narrow eye of the eye D) dark color of the skin, curly hair E) a narrow nose and curly hair
3. The deep deep ocean of land
A) atlantic c) southern c) indian d) quiet e) northern ice
4.Fast movements of the earth's crust at the bottom, great depths, many volcanoes and islands are features
A) Indian Ocean c) of the Northern Ocean C) of the Pacific D) of the Southern Ocean E) of the Atlantic Ocean
"Motherland" of Papuans
A) Tasmania Island c) Australia c) New Zealand D) New Guinea E) Madagascar Island
6. The lifetr, which made the first round trip
A) A.Vespichchi c) H.Ch. Kolumba c) J.Kuk D) F. Magellan E) M.Polo
7.And deep place, Marian chute, is in the ocean
A) northern ice bend c) southern with) atlantic d) silent e) indian
8. Looking for the smallest mainland with islands (million km²)
A) 7.7 c) 30.3 c) 9 d) 24,2,2) 17.8
9. More 90% of residents of Australia make up
A) Germans c) Dutch C) Aborigines D) Anglo-Australian E) Peopleies of the Slavic Group
10.Sostrov Tasmania is part of
A) New Zealand c) Papua -New Guinea C) Australian Union D) Fiji E) Indonesia
11.Avstralia-typical exporter
A) bauxite, coal c) gas, nickel c) car, equipment D) forest, building materials E) oil, tin
12. Wheat areas in Australia are located on
A) south and north c) west and central part c) north and northeast d) south-west and southeast e) northeast and south
13.Okeania called
A) science studying oceans c) combustion of oceans c) artificial breeding of fish d) islands and the archipelago of the Pacific E) all coastal zones
14.New South Wales is in
A) Australia C) Argentina C) Canada D) Great Britain E) Brazil
15. The world in the world, the region of the sheepship is considered
A) Great Chinese Plain C) Great US Plains C) Missisype Lowland D) Desert and Semi-deserts Australia E) Patagonia
16. The world in the world, the area of \u200b\u200bbouxite mining is in
A) Australia c) France C) Argentina D) Saudi Arabia E) Japan
17.Article coast of Australia was open
A) Vespucci C) Columbus C) N.N.Miklukho-MacLay D) CUCOM E) Livingston
18. Introductors in the reserves of coal
A) Australia and USA c) Kazakhstan and Ukraine with) China and Russia D) United Kingdom and Germany E) South Africa and Nigeria
19.Stolitsa Australia
A) Sydney c) Melbourne C) Canberra D) Bronen-Hill E) Adelaide
A) 4228 c) 2528 c) 2228 d) 3778 e) 3528
21. The first place in the pasting of sheep takes
A) New Zealand c) South Africa c) Australia D) China E) India
22. All Points of the mainland Australia have latitude
A) western c) eastern C) north d) southern e) northern and southern
23.Vastralia has those natural zones as
A) Central Africa c) North Africa C) South Africa D) Western Coast Africa e) east coast of Africa
24.Corrified inhabitants of Oceania from this plant are building houses and boats, and the fruits eat in food
A) bottle tree c) coconut palm c) eucalyptus d) baobab e) shrubs
25. Materick on which there is no existing volcanoes and modern glaciation
A) America a) Australia C) Africa D) Eurasia E) Asia
26. Papuans residence permit
A) New Guinea C) Australia C) New Zealand D) Madagascar Island E) Tasmania Island
27. State Oceania, which is called "three times open"
A) Australia c) New Zealand c) New Guinea D) Polynesia E) Philippines
28.Quring Australia, which is a mountain country
29. Part of Australia, located in the subequatorial belt
A) north c) southern c) eastern d) western e) central
30. The most large lake of Australia
A) Marri c) Pennong c) Leonora D) Air E) in Australia there are no lakes
HOMENBSP\u003e NBSP Wiki TutorialNBSP\u003e NBSP Geography\u003e NBSP7 Classnbsp\u003e Nbspoceania and its geographical position: climate and oceania population
Geographical position
Oceania is between moderate latimes of the southern hemisphere and subtropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere.
Oceania is often considered geography along with Australia.
There is even geographical name - Australia and Oceania.
The total area of \u200b\u200bthe ocean is 1.24 million km. 2. The population is 10.6 million km.
Geographic Map - Oceania (Oceania)
Oceania is divided into three geographic areas - Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Oceania is washed by many seas - sea coral, Solomon, New Guinea, Tasmansky Sea, Coro and Fiji, belonging to the Pacific Ocean pool and the Arafur Sea (Indian Ocean).
Climate Oceania
In most oceans, the tropical climate prevails.
For most Ocean Islands there are strong rains. On the islands located closer to the tropical belt, the average annual temperature is 23 ° C, on the islands around the equator - 27 ° C.
The ocean climate affects the flows of La Niña and El Niño. Most Oceania islands are subject to negative consequences of active volcanoes, tsunami and tifons.
The region is characterized by a strong change in weather conditions - droughts are replaced by storm rainwater.
Ocean population
Most of the population on Ocean Islands are represented by the natives, including Micronesians, Polynesians, Papuats.
Polynesians are mixed racial types - they look at the characteristics of Europeans and the Mongoloids.
The largest peoples of Polynesia are Hawaiians, Maori, Tongans and Tahiti. Each nation has its own language, which is almost the complete absence of unanimous sounds.
Ralea views of Melanoman are Australia.
Dissemination of languages \u200b\u200bof the Mellanes tribes is very large - the usual phenomenon is that residents of neighboring villages cannot understand each other. Papuats live in some regions of Indonesia and New Guinea.
All languages \u200b\u200bof Papuan are very similar.
They are based on english languageTherefore, people from remote regions know English well.
economy
The overwhelming majority of Oceania countries have a very weak economy. The reasons for this are factors such as the distance of the islands from the developed superpowers, the limited resources and the lack of personnel.
Many countries are fully dependent on Australia and the United States of America. The basis of the economy is agriculture.
Among the most common crops can be distinguished coconut palm, fine fruits and bananas. In some countries there is a fishing fleet.
Industry is developing only in three regions - New Guinea, New Caledonia and New Zealand.
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Oceania is part of the world, which is a separate geopolitical region, which consists of a variety of islands and atolls located in the western and central part of the Pacific.
Geographical position
Oceania islands are between moderate latitudes of the southern hemisphere and subtropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Often in the geography of Oceania is considered with Australia.
There is even a geographical name Australia and Oceania.
Oceania history
The total area of \u200b\u200bOceania is 1.24 million km. 2. The population is 10.6 million.
Oceania is divided into three geographic areas of Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia.
Oceania is washed by numerous seas coral, Solomonovo, Novogvinoy, Tasmanovo Sea, the seas of Coro and Fiji, which belong to the pool of the Pacific Ocean, as well as the Arafura Sea (Indian Ocean).
Climate Oceania
In most part of Oceania, a tropical climate prevails. For most islands of Oceania, abundant precipitation is characteristic.
On the islands that are located closer to the tropical belt, the average annual temperature is 23 C, on the islands in the area of \u200b\u200bEquator 27 C.
The climate of Oceania also affects such flows like La Ninia and El Niño. Most Oceania islands are subject to negative impact of active volcanoes, tsunamis and typhoons.
For this region, a sharp change of drought weather conditions is changed with heavy rains ...
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Geographically Oceania is the world's largest cluster of the islands, which are located in the western and central parts of the Pacific Ocean. Far from us, between subtropical latitudes of the Northern and moderate southern hemispheres. Many classifications usually combine Oceania with Australia, although Australia is known to be the continent.
Oceania is the world of big contrasts, many interesting plants grow here, unique nature and unforgettable culture.
The total area of \u200b\u200bthe islands is 1.26 million square kilometers (and with Australia 8.52 million km²). The population is almost 11 million people. (for the company with Australia - 32.6 million people.).
Oceania is divided into three geographic regions, the names of which test the thoughts about adventures and the virgin nature. Their names are Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Oceania islands are washed by many seas of the pool of the Pacific Ocean - Coral Sea, Solomonovo, Novogvinoy, Tasmanovo Sea, Coro and Fiji, as well as the Arafura Sea, belonging to the Indian Ocean basin.
Origin of Sushi in Oceania
From the point of view of geology, only Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, New Guinea and Tasmania have continental origin. Once they were part of the Gondwana proto-path, which broke up into parts. Then these islands were a solid land, but the waters of the World Ocean rose to a significant height and part of the surface turned out to be flooded. Now over the water protrude the highest parts of that sushi, which belonged to the Gondwan.
The relief of most islands is mountainous and strongly disseminated. There are in Oceania and truly high peaks, among other things, the Jaya mountain (5029 m mark), which is on the island of New Guinea.
Types of islands
Call transformations occurred once in these places apparently. Avened that most Ocean Islands arose as a result of volcanic activities. The part is the tops of large underwater volcanoes, some of which still exhibit high volcanic activity (for example, in the Hawaiian Islands). 
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Also in this region a lot of coral origin islands. This is the atolls that arose as a result of the growing corals around the volcanoes immersed under the water (for example, Gilbert Islands, Tuamotu). In such islands, large lagows are often found, which are protected from the open sea with numerous islands, the average height of which does not exceed three meters above the water level. 
In Oceania, an atoll is located with the world's largest lagoon - Kwajalein (Marshall Islands Archipelago). It strikes the ratio of its Sushi area - 16.32 km², but the Lagoon Square is 2174 km². So it is written in reference books, I did not prefer that the area of \u200b\u200bthe island may be less area Bay (lagoon).
There are in Oceania and another atoll recorder. This time the largest land area. The name of Christmas island (or Kirithmatima) in the Line Archipelago, has an area of \u200b\u200b322 km². 
Among the atolls also occurs a special type - raised (or raised) atoll. Such an atoll is a limestone plateau with a height of up to 50-60 m above sea level. This type of lagoon islands there is no traces of its existence in the past. Examples of such atolls can serve Nauru, Niue, Banaba. 
In the Oceania district, the bottom of the World Ocean has a complex structure. The region is characterized by active volcanism, seismicity and contrasting relief.
Oceania countries
All-knowing Wikipedia gives such a classification:
| Name of the region, countries and the flag of the country |
Area (km²) |
Population (Evaluation for July 2002) |
Population density (people / km²) |
Capital | Currency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | |||||
| Australia | 7 692 024 | 21 050 000 | 2,5 | Canberra | AUD (AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR) |
| Ashmore Islands and Cartier (Australia) | 5 | uninhabited | - | - | |
| Islands of the Coral Sea (Australia) | 7 | uninhabited | - | - | |
| Norfolk Island (Australia) | 35 | 1 866 | 53,3 | Kingston | AUD (AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR) |
Melanesia. |
|||||
| 12 190 | 196 178 | 16,1 | Port Vila | VUV (VATU) | |
| Irian Jaya() | 421 981 | 2 646 489 | 6,27 | Jayapura, Manokvari. | IDR (Rupiah) |
| New Caledonia (France) | 18 575 | 207 858 | 10,9 | Noumea | |
| Papua New Guinea | 462 840 | 5 172 033 | 11,2 | Port Moresby | PGK (Kina) |
| Solomon islands | 28 450 | 494 786 | 17,4 | Honiara | SBD (Solomon Islands Dollar) |
| Fiji | 18 274 | 856 346 | 46,9 | Suva | FJD (Fiji Dollar) |
Micronesia |
|||||
| GUAM (USA) | 541 | 160 796 | 292,9 | Hagatna | USD (USA Dollar) |
| Kiribati. | 811 | 96 335 | 118,8 | South Tarawa | AUD (AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR) |
| 181 | 73 630 | 406,8 | Majuro. | USD (USA Dollar) | |
| Federated States Micronesia | 702 | 135 869 | 193,5 | Palikir | USD (USA Dollar) |
| Nauru | 21 | 12 329 | 587,1 | AUD (AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR) | |
| Palau | 458 | 19 409 | 42,4 | Ngerulmud. | USD (USA Dollar) |
| North Mariana Islands (USA) | 463,63 | 77 311 | 162,1 | Saipan. | USD (USA Dollar) |
| Atoll Wake (USA) | 7,4 | - | - | - | |
Polynesia |
|||||
| Baker Island (USA) | 1,24 | uninhabited | - | - | |
| Hawaii (USA) | 28 311 | 1 211 537 | 72,83 | Honolulu | USD (USA Dollar) |
| Jarvis Island (USA) | 4,45 | uninhabited | - | - | |
| Atoll Johnston (USA) | 2,52 | - | - | - | |
| Reef Kingmen (USA) | 0,01 | uninhabited | - | - | |
| Kiribati. | 811 | 96 335 | 118,8 | South Tarawa | AUD (AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR) |
| Cook Islands (New Zealand) | 236,7 | 20 811 | 86,7 | Avarua | NZD (New Zealand Dollar) |
| Islands Midway (USA) | 6,23 | - | - | - | |
| Niue (New Zealand) | 261,46 | 2 134 | 8,2 | Alofi | NZD (New Zealand Dollar) |
| New Zealand | 268 680 | 4 108 037 | 14,5 | Wellington | NZD (New Zealand Dollar) |
| Palmyra Atoll (USA) | 6,56 | - | - | - | |
| Isla de Paskua (Chile) | 163,6 | 5806 | 23,1 | Anga Roa. | CLP (Chilean Pesso) |
| Islands Pitcairn (United Kingdom) | 47 | 47 | 10 | Adamstall | NZD (New Zealand Dollar) |
| French polynesia (France) | 4 167 | 257 847 | 61,9 | Papeete | XPF (French Pacific Frank) |
| American Samoa (USA) | 199 | 68 688 | 345,2 | Pago Pago, Fagat | USD (USA Dollar) |
| Samoa | 2 935 | 178 631 | 60,7 | Apia | WST (Samoan Tala) |
| Tokelau (New Zealand) | 10 | 1 431 | 143,1 | - | NZD (New Zealand Dollar) |
| Tonga | 748 | 106 137 | 141,9 | Nukuulof | Top (Tongan Pa'anga) |
| Tuvalu | 26 | 11 146 | 428,7 | Funafuti | AUD (AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR) |
| Wallis and Futuna (France) | 274 | 15 585 | 56,9 | Mata-Tsu. | XPF (French Pacific Frank) |
| Houland Island (USA) | 1,62 | uninhabited | - | - | |
Oceania. Climate
Tropical climate prevails. Oceania is characterized by a large amount of precipitation. On the islands located closer to the tropical belt, the average annual temperature is +23 ° C, on the islands in the area of \u200b\u200bthe equator - +27 ° C.
The climate of Oceania is influenced by such flows like La Ninia and El Niño. Most ocean islands are subject to negative impact of active volcanoes. Tsunami and Typhoon also happen here.
There are no harsh changes for weather conditions here - heavy rains are changed by droughts.
Oceania population
Although the colonializers from Europe and America actively tried to exploit these territories, but most of the local population are indigenous people. Such as Micronesians, Polynesians, Papuans. Polynesians are mixed racial types - they look at the features of the Europeanoids and the Mongoloids.
The largest groups of Polynesians include Hawaiians, Maori, Tongsans, Taitian. Each nationality has its own language, whose feature is almost complete absence of consonant sounds. 
Melenezians have the language fragmentation of the tribes is very large. Often, residents even neighboring villages cannot understand each other. Papuats As and during Cook, some regions of Indonesia and New Guinea are inhabited. 
All Papua Russian languages \u200b\u200bare very similar to each other. But now they are based on the native language of the very Cook, who ate legend, i.e. English. So if you speak English, with Papuass, deal with talking on you and easily. 
Flora Oceania
Oceania has a greater length and over latitude and meridian. therefore vegetable world Islands are very diverse. There are here very amazing representatives for us, such as:
- breadfruit,
- coconut palm,
- fern
- orchids.
Animal world
The fauna of Oceania islands is less diverse, because mammals are practically absent.
New Zealand and New Guinea are distinguished by the greatest variety. On the small islands of Oceania, above all, the atolls, mammals almost do not meet: only rats live on many of them, and it is not enough (there are probably guarded there !?).
But very rich island on bird bazaars, where sea birds nest. From representatives of the fauna of New Zealand, birds of Kiwi, who have become the national symbol of the country are the most famous. Other designed species of KEA birds (or nonzero), Cocoapo (or Sovic parrot), such as (or loonless sultanka).
The groups of the islands and archipelagoes of Western and central parts are combined into a geographic area under the overall name of Oceania. Historically, the division of all islands into four ethnographic-geographical areas: (O-Va Tonga, Samoa, Cook, Hawaiian, O. Easter, etc.), Melanesia (about., Bismarck Archipelago, O-Wa, etc.), ( Mariana and others), new. Most of the Oceania islands focuses in between 10 °. sh. and 20 ° С. sh.
The Russian scientist N. N. Miklukho-Maklai made a great contribution to the study of nature and population of Oceania. He studied the life of the peoples of the island of New Guinea, left descriptions of the nature of coastal territories. Scientific research N. N. Miklukho-Maclay was associated with his conviction in the need to protect backward and oppressed peoples. At the very end of the XIX century. Our countryman lived on the Hawaiian Islands, the native of the Mogilev province N. K. Suzilovsky.
Geological structure and relief of oceania
Remember how mainland, volcanic and coral islands were formed. The largest mainland islands of Oceania is a new Guinea and New Zealand. Vulcanism is a characteristic process of this region. In the Hawaiian Islands there is a Kilauea volcano, one of the most active acting volcanoes on Earth. Volcanic islands form giant island arcs. They have an elongated configuration. Oceania is replete with coral islands - reefs and atolls, which form entire archipelagoes (Gilbert Islands, Tuamot).
Climate Oceania
Oceania Islands are mainly in Equatorial, subequatorial and. Only the northern part of the Hawaiian archipelago enters the subtropics, and the southern part of New Zealand is located in a temperate belt. In Oceania, two climatic regions are distinguished: trade mat and monsoon. For climate of Oceania, small temperature fluctuations are characteristic: from +30 ° Happy day to +21 ° С at night. Winds from the ocean soften the heat. There is never too cold here, nor too hot, so the climate of Oceania is considered the most comfortable on globe. The main directions - from the east to the west. They contribute to the resettlement of organisms.
Sea air masses dominate in Oceania. In areas where monsoon circulation prevails, precipitation falls 3000-4000 mm per year. In the Hawaiian Islands, on the winding slopes, more than 12,090 mm of precipitation per year falls. This is one of the most wet places on Earth. The distribution of precipitation is associated with the presence of mountains. On the island of Hawaii there are sites where less than 200 mm falls per year.
Among the very dangerous and destructive natural phenomena, tropical hurricanes are noted. They destroy plantations, destroy the dwellings, and sometimes emerging waves wash off all living things. The local population is stirred to settle on Cook Islands and Tuamot, where hurricanes are often observed. The subtropical and moderate climate is characteristic of New Zealand, where the winter is frost to -13 ° C, and in the mountains is snow.
Oceania floral and animal world
Isolation of the island sushi is the most reflected on her and. The diversity of the world of plants and animals depends on the age of the islands, their size and remoteness from the mainland. The poorest of all he is on the coral islands, where the deficit is fresh water and poor soil. Only a few dozen species of plants grow on them. On Oceania, mostly in Melanesia, the ancient plants are preserved, for example, tree ferns reaching 8-15 m of heights. Rich and peculiar vegetable world of New Zealand (pine, palm trees).
The vegetable and animal world of Oceania is characterized by two features. There are rare species that are not found on the mainland. At the same time, there are almost no whole groups of organisms, usual for the mainland. There are no many types of flowering plants that are found on land, but spore plants are widespread. Ancient plants that have been growing on the mainland in the geological past (Gîtecarpus, Agathiis (Kauri), etc. have been preserved on the islands.
Animal world The islands are poor. There are no mammals on many islands, the exception is brutged here, mice, goats and cats. A lot of seabirds: petrels, albatrises, seagulls, which nest here and remove chicks. On the island of New Guinea there is a weed chicken, a representative of the Australian fauna.
On New Zealand, Kiwi is preserved at New Zealand, very cautious, inhabitants in thick herbs, the Maori shepherd. Bird Kiwi is depicted on the coat of arms of New Zealand. On New and New Zealand there are rare species of parrots - Kakapapo, or the Sovic, and the KEA parrot with a strong sharp and curved beak. First, Gatteria was preserved at one of the islands of New Zealand.
Only 5-7 types of seabirds nest on individual islands. At the same time, the number of bird species on New Guinea is more than 100, rich insect fauna (more than 3,700 species).
Oceania minerals
Minerals on Oceania Oceania are distributed extremely unevenly. The economy is conducted where valuable minerals are available. So, in New Caledonia is up to 25% of world reserves of nickel, there are reserves of phosphates on the island of Christmas. Among the states of Oceania, Papua is allocated - New Guinea, where there are gold, silver, stocks are explored.
Oceania's economic activity
The population of Oceania is about 10 million people. There are several hypotheses about Oceania settlement paths. Most scientists believe that Oceania was populated by people from Southeast Asia a lot of millennia ago. The hypothesis of Tour Heyerdala was settled out of America.
Oceania inhabitants were skilled seafood and shipbuilders. They made swimming for thousands of kilometers from their native islands. Modern inhabitants of Oceania are engaged, growing coconut palms, bananas, cocoa, coffee. Traditional fishery - fishing. Nature and life of oceania people are largely subject to natural catastrophic disasters (tropical hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanism).
On many of the islands of volcanic and mainland, non-ferrous metal ores, stone coal, are developing phosphorites deposit. Every year, states of Oceania become objects of international tourism. The nature of the islands changes under the influence of man's economic activity. On the site of the destroyed natural plantation, where sugar cane, pineapples, bananas, tea, coffee, rubcoming and other cultures are cultivated.
Political map of Oceania
Contemporary political map. Oceania has developed as a result of a long struggle of the colonial powers for the section among themselves oceanic archipelago. Until the beginning of the 60s. XX century In Oceania, there was one independent state - New Zealand. By the end of the twentieth century. More than 10 independent states were formed in Oceania. A number of islands and archipelagos remain in political and economic dependence on the world. Most of the Hawaiian Islands archipelago since 1959 is the 50th US state.
The formation of the nature of Oceania has the effect of the Pacific Ocean, its remoteness from other continents, location in tropical latitudes. The basis of the farm of the majority of Oceania countries - agriculture. Many Islands are mining mining.
Ocean Islands - the most exotic and unusual direction for travel. It is already enough that when the homeland is raging in the homeland, then in the southern hemisphere - the height of the summer. And even though people do not go down their heads there, and the water is not twisted in reverse side, Oceania lands remain for many real terra incognita.
What is Oceania?
Oceania boundaries are sufficiently conditional. In essence, this is the cluster of the islands in the central and western part of the Pacific Ocean. The eastern point is the Island of Easter, Western - New Guinea. Geographers unite Oceania with Australia and consider these lands a separate part of the light.
In a rather long list there are such islands such as New Zealand, New Guinea, Fiji, Easter, Solomon, Hawaiian and many others. Most of the islands are formed at the expense of volcanic activity, and many firewalling mountains still have a danger.
Papua New Guinea
Papua - New Guinea occupy a territory comparable from Square with Sweden, and actually combine Australia and Asia. Still long before European seawares and Miklukho-Maclay Indonesian rulers sent here their envisons for hunting for exotic birds and labor. The name of the island gave the Portuguese Don George di Menezish, clearly hinting on the hair of the Aboriginal: "Papua" in Malay means "curly". Here in use are more than 820 languages \u200b\u200b- this is due to some isolated tribes from each other because of the mountainous area.
Fiji
Fiji is an archipelago of 332 islands, and inhabitants of them only a third. The Europeans opened the Islands of Fiji in the XVII century, but until the XIX century did not risen the colonies there. The reason was one - the cannibalism of the aborigines. The leader had continued authority and power. In the villages still preserved respect for the chapter of the tribe: sunglasses and hats are allowed to wear only to him. But as for tourists ... It is difficult to find a more hospitable people. Here you will be treated by unusual dishes: the boiled flying, stew in banana leaves and even fried snakes. However, the beauty of the tropical forests and the diverse underwater world of Fiji, for which divers are very appreciated, is short-lived: due to the change in the coral climate, which is obliged to be at the threat - the ecosoboms are ahead of the alarm.
New Zealand
New Zealand (or "Long White Cloud") was opened in 1642 by the Dutch Sailor Abel Tasman. Local tribes at that time unequivocally did not like white-skinned Europeans ... This is now New Zealand is considered to be safe country World. Only James Cook in 1769, he also risked here in 1769, he also contributed to the inclusion of a new country in English possessions. The symbol of the island - the woundless timid bird of Kiwi - the New Zealander is called themselves. Well, Tolkien fans do not not know that all parts of the trilogy of the "Lord of the Rings" were filmed among the local landscapes, and during special tours you can see Hobbions and the dwelling of the Baggins.
Solomon islands
Solomon Islands are little known in the world. Similar remoteness from other geographic objects. Meanwhile, here is a constant soft climate and a unique nature in its beauty. For example, on the list World Heritage UNESCO is about to enter the salty lagoon Marovo with sparkling blue water - the largest in the world. There are the most exalted coral island - East Renhell. Tengano is so large freshwater lake on the territory of the southern hemisphere, which is 200 islands in its water management. As for the inhabitants, their manners and habits are rather curious. For example, many of them still worship sharks. Aborigines before the arrival of missionaries were mostly head hunters. By the way, about 10% of the blacks of Solomon Islands are blondes. It is not a mutation that appeared many centuries ago - this is not connected with the settlements of Europeans.
Animal and vegetable world
Flora and the fauna of Oceania islands are affected by the imagination of experienced tourists with their exotic. What is just a grain tree! "The one who planches the breadwinner will make more in order to feed his descendants than the Helborob, all his life in the face of the face of his processing field," James Cook wrote. One plant can give up to 700-800 "breads" - special fruits with a sweet pulp, of which "bake" peculiar beekens. Sagovy palm trees in New Guinea give starch from which tasty pancakes make. In the abundance of rainforests you can meet trees-cakes - the sweet taste of their fruit really resembles confectionery. Well, the coconut bananas do not consider at all - without these fruits, the aborigines would not be able to survive.
People with entomophobia - the fear of insects - there is nothing to do on the islands of Oceania. Huge spiders, poisonous flies and giant butterflies are quite capable of scaring and even harm. In the jungle there is a danger of coming on the snake - well, or she spikes himself from the branch. In contrast to the dangers - the indescribable beauty of the paradise birds and the humble face of the sample animals. By the way, the possums, as many, many are mistaken, are not found in Oceania: there are possesses. This confusion arose during the research times of James Cook - a biologist of the expedition was attributed to the sophisticated animals in America in America.
Planned diving, sow on the world's best beaches from coral crumb, ride alpine skiing, to see the parrot in the natural habitat and play the most romantic wedding is a far from a complete list of what recently opened tourists oceania Islands.
Pavilion "Around the World. Asia, Africa, Latin America, Australia and Oceania "
Ethnomir, Kaluga region, Borovsky district, Petrovo village
In the Ethnographic Park-Museum "Ethnomir" - amazing place. The "urban" street is built inside the spacious pavilion, so on the street of the world is always warm, light and good weather - just right for an exciting walk, especially since within the framework of the latter you can make a whole world journey. As well as on any street, in love with tourists, there are attractions, workshops, street artisans, cafes and shops that are inside and outside 19 homes.
The facades of the buildings are made in different ethnic styles. Each house is a "quote" from the life and traditions of a certain country. Already the appearance of the houses begins a story about distant lands.
Enter the inside - and you will be surrounded by new, unfamiliar subjects, sounds and smells. Color range and finishing, furniture, interior and life items - all this helps to plunge into the atmosphere of distant countries, to understand and experience their uniqueness.
Geography of Australia and Oceania
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Oceania is divided into several large regions: Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.
In addition, Oceania includes thousands and thousands of coral islands located along the coasts of the region. Some definitions include all states and territories in the Pacific Ocean between North and South America Both Asia, and in this case, Taiwan and Japan would also be part of Oceania, not Asia.
Oceania is not only a geographical region and eco-eloon, it is also a geopolitical region defined by the United Nations, and includes Australia, New Zealand, Papua is a new Guinea, and other island states that are not included in the Asian region, as well as the mass of coral atolls and volcanic islands of the southern Pacific, including Melanezian and Polynesian groups. Oceania also includes micronesia, a strongly scattered group of islands extending along the northern and southern edge of the equator.
Oceania, the smaller continent of the planet, without a doubt, is one of the most diverse and amazing regions of the planet.
Oceania Islands
Geographical diversity Oceania
Oceania is represented by a variety of relief types, the most significant of which are located in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua - New Guinea. And, since most Oceania islands are represented only by simple points on the map, it is impossible to display their embossed and landscape features.
Many of these small islands are the result of the ancient activities of volcanoes, or are coral atolls surrounding the lagoon in part or entirely. Only on some islands there are rivers at least a meaningful size, the same applies to lakes. Therefore, the following will be listed only recognized geographical features and notes of Australia.
Relief and Landscape of Australia
Australia is very dry, only at 35 percent of the country drops out minor sediments (sometimes they do not fall at all). Almost 20 percent of the country's territory is a desert in one form or another.
Pool of Lake Eir.
Lake Eyre itself is at the level of 16 m. Below sea level, and located in the most dry part of Australia. It usually contains some water, but, recently, due to harsh arid conditions in the country, there is no water in it at all. The pool of Lake Air is considered the world's largest internal drainage system, occupying the area in one sixth of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe country. River B. this region Tell depending on precipitation, and, due to the fact that these precipitation falls very little, isolated water wells are extremely important for life.
Large sandy desert
On this arid steppe of Western Australia, which is south of the Kimberly Plateau, with an area of \u200b\u200balmost 300,000 sq. Km, presented scattered shrub vegetation and stones. On her, the red sandy ridges (dunes) extend on miles, and very few people live on its territory.
Big desert Victoria
Famous thanks to its red sand dunes, the native wildlife and isolation, the Victoria Desert (an area of \u200b\u200balmost 350,000 sq. Km), it has almost 750 km wide., And mainly it is a fruitless area of \u200b\u200bred sandy hills and ridges. , dry salted lakes, with a very small amount of greenery.
Big Artesian Pool
This is one of the largest artesian soil basins in the world, also being a vital water source for Australian agriculture.
Great Barrier Reef
This picturesque coral reef, about 2,000 km long, contains the world's largest deposits of corals. It is not a single reef, but rather an unusual mosaic consisting of over 2,800 independent coral reefs. Known worldwide with his beauty and wildlife (one fish here is represented here in the amount of more than 1,500 species), it became the first Australian World Heritage Site in 1981
Large waterproof ridge
Located along the Eastern / Southeast Territory of the country, and stretching up to Tasmania, these mountain ranges and ridges are separated by dry Australian internal regions from coastal regions. The highest point is Mount Kosyushko (2,228 m.) As part of the Australian Alps. Blue Mountains National Park, which is a World Heritage Site, located in the state of New South Wales in two hours from Sydney, is one of the most beautiful places In the world, and one of the most visited places of Australia.
Shark Bay
Shark Bay is one of only 14 places on the planet, which satisfy all four natural criteria for the title of world heritage sites. These criteria include outstanding samples of Earth's evolution, biological and environmental processes, incredible natural beauty, and a significant amount of natural habitats for animals and plants. This bay has the largest number of types of sea grass for one place, and maintains a rich water life for dolphins, dones, sea snakes, turtles, whales, and, of course, sharks.
Fraser Island
Located along the Australian Coral Sea, north of Brisbane, Fraser Island is the fourth largest island in Australia (after Tasmania, Melville, and Kangaroo), and the second largest sandy island in the world. Created due to the efforts of winds for thousands of years, this island has a length of 120 km., And in width - 15 km.
Cape York Peninsula
Considered by one of the "last remaining undeveloped areas on Earth", Cape York contains a large number of serrated mountains, tropical forests, extensive mangroves, meadows, swamps, and rivers with a rapid flow.
Plateau Kimberly
Kimberly, most of which are still unknown, are known by their dramatic red scenery of rocks and gorges, and because of the very powerful ocean tide, which takes place twice a day, which speeds up the flows in rivers to a dangerous level, and creates waterways. Dozens of islands and coral reefs rip the coastal line, and access to this region of Australia is very difficult, as it leads a little here.
Gibson desert
Covered with small sand dunes and several rocky hills, this 156,000 sq. Km The desert is home to the set of aboriginal reservation. Due to the lack of rain, farming and livestock divorce are difficult here.
Desert Simpson
This desert, the size of 176 500 sq. Km, drifting. Her dunes bloomed by the winds lack the rain, and the summer heat can be very cruel. High temperatures in the desert often exceed 50ºC, and although people are recommended to comply with extreme caution in this region in the summer, the desert itself is definitely not lifeless. Tourists are often here in winter, and they often attend impressive landscapes. national Park Queensland Simpson Desert.
Desert Tanya
Similar to the large sandy desert, in this desert there are also many red plains, shrub vegetation prevails in it, and single hills are scattered through its territory. In general, the desert is uninhabited, with the exception of several mines, and a small livestock farming.
Plain Nallarbor.
This incomplete plot of south-western Australia is very dry and with a very small amount of water. You can only get to it through the intersection of Eyre Hevewa, named so in honor of the famous researcher Edward John Air, who became the first person, crossing Australia from the east to the West in the mid-1800s. Along the southern coast of the Bolshoi Australian Bay, local relief has no equal. Huge length of clean white sandwhich can be found by the cliffs of Baxter, along the bay, very impressive.
Darling / Murray River System
Darling River, 1,879 km long, for southwest from the shores of a large waterproop to the Murray River. Murray originates in the Australian Alps, and flows for 1,930 km. Spencer bay, immediately to the west of Adelaide. This is the longest river in Australia, and it is a vital source of irrigation for the largest agricultural areas of the country.
Ridge Darling
This low mountain range passes from the south-west shore of Australia. Her highest point is Mount Cook (580 m.).
Ridge Mac-Donnell
Received a celebrity because of Erse Rock, and as a favorite place for hiking and climbers, this ridge of hills, mountain ranges, and valleys, is very popular due to a constant good weather and a beautiful landscape. The highest point is Mount Zil (height - 1,531 m.).
Hammersley Ridge
A reddish-brown low mountain range, located in Western Australia, in the homeland of many Aboriginal. This national Park Known with its gorges and waterfalls from the Red Stone.
Ers-Rock (Uluru)
