Most of The territory of the peninsula is the North Crimean Plain. On the Kerch Peninsula - in the easternmost part of Crimea - there are hilly plains with slightly O greater altitude above sea level. South part peninsula bordering the Black Sea is the so-called Mountainous Crimea.

The Crimean ridge is part of the Alpine fold. High mountain ranges here are interspersed with longitudinal plains, in which the main tourist cities on the map of Crimea are located with the regions of Yalta, Sudak, Koktebel, Gurzuf and others.

How to get to the Crimea peninsula

On satellite map Crimea, you can see that the peninsula has a developed transport system - air, rail, road, sea.

The only civilian airport is located in the capital of the republic - the city of Simferopol. It serves about five million passengers annually.

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014, railway communication with the peninsula, which went through the territory of Ukraine, was stopped. Currently, construction is underway on a bridge across the Kerch Strait, which will connect Crimea with the mainland by rail and road.

In the meantime, the important transport artery remains ferry crossing through this strait. It serves almost as many passengers annually as the airport.

An extensive network of highways runs through the peninsula, connecting the main tourist centers - Kerch, Simferopol, Sevastopol, Bakhchisaray, and beach towns on the coast.

In addition, the world's longest trolleybus line is located in Crimea, connecting Simferopol with the resorts of the Southern Coast. The length of this line is almost 100 kilometers.

Crimea on a map of Russia with cities and towns

The Crimean Peninsula occupies a prominent place on the map of Russia. The resorts of the South Coast and other tourist areas of the peninsula are visited by millions of tourists every year.

The first place in popularity among the Crimean resort cities is rightfully occupied by Yalta, which is called the “Russian Nice”. The second is the hero city of Sevastopol. Feodosia – resort closes the top three east coast. The top five also includes Alushta and Evpatoria.

Administratively, the Republic of Crimea consists of 25 regions:

14 districts (with a predominantly rural population),
11 cities of republican subordination, within the boundaries of which municipalities were created with their subordinate settlements as 11 urban districts (with a predominantly urban population).

Number of administrative-territorial units
Districts 14
Cities of republican significance 11
City districts 3
Cities of regional significance 5
Urban settlements 56
Municipal districts 14
City districts 16
Intracity districts 3
Urban settlements 38
Rural settlements 234

Settlements - 1020, including: urban - 72, rural - 948.

Districts and urban districts
The territory subordinate to the city of Sevastopol, as well as the northern part belonging to the Kherson region of Ukraine Arabat Spit located on the Crimean peninsula, but are not part of the republic.

Districts
1 Bakhchisarai district
2 Belogorsky district
3 Dzhankoy district
4 Kirovsky district
5 Krasnogvardeisky district
6 Krasnoperekopsky district
7 Leninsky district
8 Nizhnegorsky district
9 Pervomaisky district
10 Razdolnensky district
11 Saki district
12 Simferopol district
13 Sovetsky district
14 Chernomorsky district

Urban districts
15 Alushta
16 Armyansk
17 Dzhankoy
18 Evpatoria
19 Kerch
20 Krasnoperekopsk
21 Saki
22 Simferopol
23 Sudak
24 Feodosia
25 Yalta

Settlements with a population of more than 10 thousand as of January 1, 2013
Simferopol 337 285
Kerch 145 265
Evpatoria 106 877
Yalta 78 115
Feodosia 69 461
Dzhankoy 36 086
Krasnoperekopsk 29 815
Alushta 28 418
Bakhchisaray 26 482
Saki 23 655
Armyansk 22 337
Belogorsk 18 220
Sudak 15,457
Primorsky 14 938
Gvardeiskoye 12 711
Oktyabrskoye 11 572
Shchelkino 11 184
Gaspra 11 384
Chernomorskoe 11,098
Graceovsky 11 391
Krasnogvardeyskoye 10 766

A little history

Before the 1917 revolution Crimean peninsula was part of the Taurida province, on it were located 5 of 8 districts: Evpatoria, Perekop, Simferopol, Feodosia and Yalta, as well as 2 city administrations - Kerch-Yenikali and Sevastopol.

In the period from the end of 1917 to the end of 1920, Crimea passed “from hand to hand” (Muslims, “Reds”, Germans, Ukrainians, again “Reds”, “Whites”, and again “Reds”). After the final establishment of Soviet power in Crimea, 2 new districts were formed - Sevastopol (December 15, 1920) and Kerch (December 25, 1920).

On January 8, 1921, the division of counties into volosts was abolished. Instead, a county-district system was created. In the Dzhankoy (formerly Perekop) district the Armenian and Dzhankoy districts were formed; in Kerch - Kerchensky and Petrovsky; in Sevastopol - Sevastopol and Bakhchisarai; in Simferopol - Biyuk-Onlarsky, Karasubazarsky, Sarabuzsky and Simferopolsky; in Feodosiya - Ichkinsky, Staro-Krymsky, Sudak and Feodosiya; in Yalta - Alushta and Yalta.
Crimean ASSR

On October 18, 1921, by a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Tauride province of the RSFSR was transformed into the Crimean ASSR, divided into 7 districts (former counties), which, in turn, were divided into 20 districts.

In November 1923, the districts were abolished and 15 districts were created in their place: Ak-Mechetsky, Alushta, Armenian, Bakhchisarai, Dzhankoy, Evpatoria, Kerch, Karasubazar, Sarabuz, Sevastopol, Simferopol, Staro-Krymsky, Sudak, Feodosia and Yalta. However, already in 1924, Ak-Mechetsky, Alushta, Armenian, Sarabuz and Staro-Krymsky districts were abolished.

On October 15, 1930, instead of 10 districts, 16 were created: Ak-Mechetsky, Alushtinsky, Balaklava, Bakhchisaraysky, Biyuk-Onlarsky, Dzhankoysky, Evpatoriya, Ishunsky, Karasubazarsky, Leninsky, Seytlersky, Simferopol, Staro-Krymsky, Sudak, Feodosia and Yalta. The cities of Kerch, Sevastopol, Simferopol and Feodosia were under republican subordination.

In 1935, 10 new districts were formed: Ak-Sheikhsky, Ichkinsky, Kirovsky, Kolaisky, Kuibyshevsky, Larindorfsky, Mayak-Salynsky, Saki, Telmansky and Freidorfsky. The Feodosia district was abolished. In 1937, the Zuysky district was formed.

Some districts had national status: Balaklava, Kuibyshev, Bakhchisarai, Yalta, Alushta, Sudak - Crimean Tatar, Freidorf and Larindorf - Jewish, Buyuk-Onlar and Telman - German, Ishunsky (later Krasnoperekopsky) - Ukrainian. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, all regions lost their national status (in 1938 - German, in 1939 - Jewish, then all the rest).

On the map, Crimean Tatar areas are highlighted in turquoise, Jewish areas in blue, German areas in orange, Ukrainian areas in yellow, and mixed areas in pink.

1 Akmechitsky (Ak-Mechetsky) district
2 Aksheikh (Ak-Sheikh) district
3 Alushta district
4 Balaklava district
5 Bakhchisarai district
6 Buyuk-Onlar district
7 Dzhankoy district
8 Yevpatoriya district
9 Zuysky district
10 Ichkinsky district
11 Kalaisky district
12 Karasubazar district
13 Kirovsky district (center Islyam-Terek)
14 Krasnoperekopsky district
15 Kuibyshevsky district (center Albat)
16 Larindorf district (center of Jurchi)
17 Leninsky district
18 Mayak-Salynsky district
19 Saki district
20 Seyitler district
21 Simferopol district
22 Starokrymsky district
23 Sudak district
24 Telman district (center Kurman-Kemelchi)
25 Freidorf district
26 Yalta district
27 Sevastopol

Crimean region

On December 14, 1944, 11 districts of Crimea were renamed: Ak-Mechetsky - to Black Sea, Ak-Sheikhsky - to Razdolnensky, Biyuk-Onlarsky - to Oktyabrsky, Ichkinsky - to Sovetsky, Karasubazarsky - to Belogorsky, Kolaisky - to Azovsky, Larindorfsky - to Pervomaisky , Mayak-Salynsky - to Primorsky, Seitlersky - to Nizhnegorsky, Telmansky - to Krasnogvardeysky, Freidorfsky - to Novoselovsky.

On June 30, 1945, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was transformed into the Crimean region. In addition to 26 districts, it included 6 cities of regional subordination: Evpatoria, Kerch, Sevastopol, Simferopol, Feodosia and Yalta.

In 1948, Sevastopol was transferred from the Crimean region to direct subordination to the RSFSR. In the same year, the Yalta region was abolished. In 1953, the Novoselovsky district was abolished, in 1957-1959 - the Balaklava, Zuysky and Staro-Krymsky districts. The city of Dzhankoy came under regional subordination.

On December 30, 1962, the Azov, Kirov, Kuibyshev, Oktyabrsky, Pervomaisky, Primorsky, Razdolnensky, Saki, Simferopol, Sovetsky and Sudak districts were abolished. The remaining 10 districts (Alushta, Bakhchisaray, Belogorsky, Dzhankoy, Evpatoriya, Krasnogvardeysky, Krasnoperekopsky, Leninsky, Nizhnegorsky and Chernomorsky) were transformed into rural areas. In 1963, instead of the Evpatoria district, the Saki district was created. In 1964, the Alushta district was abolished, and Alushta was transformed into a city of regional subordination.

On January 4, 1965, rural areas were transformed into districts. The Kirov, Razdolnensky and Simferopol districts were also restored. In 1966, Pervomaisky and Sovetsky districts were created. In 1979, Saki received the status of a city of regional subordination. In the same year, the Sudak region was formed.

After 1991
In 1993, Armyansk received the status of a city of republican subordination.

After 2014
In 2014, territories with settlements subordinate to city councils of cities of republican subordination received the status of municipalities as urban districts.

Crimea is large tourist centre Black Sea. The territory of the peninsula is divided between two administrative entities: the republic of the same name and the Sevastopol City Council.

Relatively recently, Crimea appeared on the map of Russia - this peninsula became part of our country in March 2014.

Cities and towns of Crimea

Detailed map of Crimea with all roads and routes

The capital of the republic is Simferopol. It has a rich ethnic composition: Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Uzbeks and other nationalities live in it.

There are many resorts of various types on the peninsula, located both on the coast and at some distance from it. As a rule, they are tied to populated areas.

Resort cities of Crimea

Yalta

Yalta is a large resort city on the Southern Coast. The city is the center of a large agglomeration - Greater Yalta, which includes villages Alupka, Livadia, Oreanda, Massandra.

Yalta has the best climatic conditions for the treatment of patients with diseases of the nervous and respiratory systems. The local ecosystem is unique, as it was formed under the influence of both mountainous and coastal climates.

Within the city there are many historical and architectural attractions. Among the latter, “ bird home “- a building on a steep cliff above the sea, externally reminiscent of a medieval castle. In addition, there are many other memorable places in Yalta, including the Livadia, Vorontsov and Massandra palace complexes.

Outside the city there are waterfalls Wuchang-Su, mountains Ayu-Dag And Ai-Petri, lake Karagol, Cape Nature Reserve Martyan. The developed transport infrastructure allows you to get to any of these attractions.

Sevastopol

Sevastopol is a major seaport and home to the Black Sea Fleet. The city is surrounded mountain range, which may seem interesting to connoisseurs active rest.

There are many agencies in Sevastopol that are ready to organize diving and windsurfing, horseback riding, and trips along the coast on motor boats and sailing yachts.

Simferopol

Simferopol is located far from the coast, but when traveling to the South Coast it is almost impossible to pass this city. The administrative map of Crimea designates it as the center of the republic. Considering rich history Simferopol, in the city and near it there are many monuments of the past - Scythian Naples, house Vorontsova, estate Sabers.

There are many museums and galleries, several theaters and philharmonic societies in Simferopol. Near the city there is the Su-Uchkhan waterfall and the adjacent Kizil-Koba cave, which is an ancient karst system no less than 21 kilometers long.

Alushta

Moving along the mountain highway from Simferopol to the south, you can get to Alushta - the second most popular resort on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea after Yalta. The length of the health and tourism complex of Alushta is about 90 kilometers - this Big Alushta, located between Partenit and the village of Privetnoye.

Alushta is located in a valley surrounded by the mountain peaks of Demerdzhi, Eklizi-Burun and Roman-Kosh.

You can explore the historical sights of Alushta, including the house-museums of writers Ivan Shmelev and Sergei Sergeev-Tsensky. Outside the city there is also the Museum of Nature of the Crimean Reserve along with an arboretum. There are many attractions and entertainment complexes within walking distance from the shore.

Evpatoria

The city of Evpatoria is located in the western part of the peninsula, among many salt lakes. These are ideal conditions for the operation of balneological hospitals. In addition to the Evpatoria waters, local mud has a healing effect.

The number of sunny days in the city is greater than in Yalta. The swimming season in Evpatoria begins early, as the shallow Kalamitsky Bay warms up quickly.

In summer, the Evpatoria coast is characterized by breezes that provide cool air with warm water.

Near Evpatoria there are the resorts Zaozernoye, Novofedorovka and Nikolaevka. The city is also located in close proximity to the Evpatoria group of lakes, including the Sivash and Moinaki reservoirs. There is a water park on the Evpatoria beach.

Alupka

The city of Alupka is located in the place where the Main mountain range of the Crimean Mountains comes closest to the sea coast. To get here along the winding serpentines, you need a map of the peninsula. The streets in the city are confusing; many neighborhoods have the characteristics of mountain settlements. The length of Alupka along the coast is 4.5 kilometers, and the Ai-Petri peak rises above the city.

Alupka is an integral part of the agglomeration Big Yalta. In addition to resorts, Alupka attracts tourists Vorontsov Palace- an architectural monument from the times of the Russian Empire.

Livadia

The settlement of Livadia is another part of Greater Yalta. The village was once used as a summer imperial residence, and in memory of those times, the Livadia Palace has been preserved, today open to tourists.

Travelers are also interested in Livadia Park, famous for its diversity of plants and shrubs, as well as its unusual landscape. This park is the oldest on the coast. To get to know the surroundings of Livadia in more detail, vacationers can use the services of one of the many agencies that organize excursions - however, you can go for a walk on your own.

Oreanda

The village of Oreanda, along with Alupka and Livadia, is a district of Greater Yalta. Its distinctive feature is its natural landscapes. Fans of active recreation can visit Krestovaya Mountain located near the village and walk along the Tsar’s Path.

Oreanda is known for its Golden Beach, which is considered the best in Greater Yalta. This beach is a natural stretch of coastline strewn with polished pebbles. Local sea air Suitable for treating people with respiratory diseases.

Massandra

Massandra is an eastern suburb of Yalta. Famous wines are produced here: many of the mountain slopes near Massandra are devoted to vineyards. In the village there is a winemaking plant of the same name, which owns a rich collection of wines.

In addition to winemaking, Massandra is famous for its palace Alexandra III, as well as Massandra Park.

Bakhchisaray

Bakhchisaray, like Simferopol, is a “continental” resort. Despite the lack of beaches, about half a million tourists visit the city every year. They are mainly attracted by the medieval atmosphere of the city. In addition, Bakhchisaray has an advantageous geographical position, and is located at an important transport junction between Sevastopol and Simferopol.

The main attraction of Bakhchisarai is khan's palace. In the vicinity of the city you can see " cave cities", as well as magnificent natural attractions: the settlement is located between the Inner and Outer ridges of the Crimean Mountains.

Kerch

Kerch is the easternmost city of the peninsula, its “ sea gate» for those traveling by ferry. The city is interesting because it is a port of both Cherny and Azov seas, and also in close proximity to it there is the water area of Sivash. Both seas, as well as the lake, have different hydrological regimes, so recreation conditions on their coasts differ.

In the outskirts of the city it predominates steppe landscape. Those who wish, in addition to the beaches, can visit the Melek-Chesme mound - an ancient well-preserved burial site, today converted into a museum.

Old Crimea

This city is located in the east of the peninsula in a place where the steppe, mountains and sea touch. The town is remote from the main tourist routes. However, the settlement has a developed resort infrastructure, and is suitable for those who want to spend their vacation in solitude, away from noisy places where travelers gather.

There are several galleries and museums in Old Crimea, including the house-museum of Konstantin Paustovsky, as well as the ethnographic museum of the Crimean Tatars.

Nature of Crimea

A detailed map of Crimea in Russian allows you to see that according to the type of landscapes, the peninsula is divided into two zones: the first, steppe, occupies two thirds of its territory, and the second, mountain– remaining space.

The steppe extends from the northern outskirts of the peninsula to its central part, smoothly turns into hills, and then is replaced by mountainous terrain. There are areas in the mountains that are not inhabited by humans.

The nature of the vegetation cover directly depends on the features of the relief. So, grass grows in the steppes, but there are no forests. And vice versa: in mountainous areas trees predominate, especially with a developed root system, which are firmly attached to the rocks. Relict vegetation is common on the South Coast.

Climate and weather of Crimea

The peninsula is located in three climatic macroregions; there are also twenty microregions on its territory. Macroregions due to terrain. First macroregion – steppe– located in the northern and eastern parts of the peninsula, second – foothill and mountain– in the center and closer to the south, and third – South coast – near the very edge of the Black Sea.

“Home” winds near the coast are rare; they blow much more often in the steppe. Throughout the entire peninsula, air flows from the east and northeast predominate, with the only exception being Feodosia, which is open to western winds.

As for precipitation, in the steppe part of the region there is an insufficient level of moisture. The most precipitation on the peninsula falls on the northern spurs of the Crimean Mountains - more than 1000 mm annually.

6 Krasnoperekopsk 7 Leninsky district 7 Saki 8 Nizhnegorsky district 8 Simferopol 9 Pervomaisky district 9 Zander 10 Razdolnensky district 10 Feodosia 11 Saki district 11 Yalta 12 Simferopol district 13 Sovetsky district 14 Chernomorsky district

The territory subordinate to the city of Sevastopol, as well as the northern part of the Arabat Spit belonging to the Kherson region of Ukraine, are located on the Crimean Peninsula, but are not part of the republic.

Population

Population of urban districts and districts

Distribution of the permanent population by urban districts and regions of the Republic of Crimea according to the population census in the Crimean Federal District as of October 14, 2014 and according to current records as of July 1, 2014:

urban district/ area	Total 14.X. 2014 people	urban population 14.X. 2014 people	%	rural population 14.X. 2014 people	%	Total 1.VII. 2014 people	urban population 1.VII. 2014 people	%	rural population 1.VII. 2014 people	%
Republic of Crimea	1891465	959916	50,75%	931549	49,25%	1884473	956332	50,75%	928141	49,25%
Simferopol	352363	332317	94,31%	20046	5,69%	351544	331492	94,30%	20052	5,70%
Alushta	52318	29078	55,58%	23240	44,42%	52084	28959	55,60%	23125	44,40%
Armyansk	24415	21987	90,06%	2428	9,94%	24328	21909	90,06%	2419	9,94%
Dzhankoy	38622	38622	100,00%	0	0,00%	38494	38494	100,00%	0	0,00%
Evpatoria	119258	105719	88,65%	13539	11,35%	118643	105232	88,70%	13411	11,30%
Kerch	147033	147033	100,00%	0	0,00%	146066	146066	100,00%	0	0,00%
Krasnoperekopsk	26268	26268	100,00%	0	0,00%	26183	26183	100,00%	0	0,00%
Saki	25146	25146	100,00%	0	0,00%	25016	25016	100,00%	0	0,00%
Zander	32278	16492	51,09%	15786	48,91%	31981	16339	51,09%	15642	48,91%
Feodosia	100962	69038	68,38%	31924	31,62%	100629	68823	68,39%	31806	31,61%
Yalta	133675	84517	63,23%	49158	36,77%	133176	84250	63,26%	48926	36,74%
Bakhchisarai district	90911	27448	30,19%	63463	69,81%	90731	27395	30,19%	63336	69,81%
Belogorsky district	60445	16354	27,06%	44091	72,94%	60311	16327	27,07%	43984	72,93%
Dzhankoy district	68429	0	0,00%	68429	100,00%	68201		0,00%	68201	100,00%
Kirovsky district	50834	9277	18,25%	41557	81,75%	50559	9228	18,25%	41331	81,75%
Krasnogvardeisky district	83135	0	0,00%	83135	100,00%	82860	0	0,00%	82860	100,00%
Krasnoperekopsky district	24738	0	0,00%	24738	100,00%	24661	0	0,00%	24661	100,00%
Leninsky district	61143	10620	17,37%	50523	82,63%	61138	10619	17,37%	50519	82,63%
Nizhnegorsky district	45092	0	0,00%	45092	100,00%	44938	0	0,00%	44938	100,00%
Pervomaisky district	32789	0	0,00%	32789	100,00%	32750	0	0,00%	32750	100,00%
Razdolnensky district	30633	0	0,00%	30633	100,00%	30458	0	0,00%	30458	100,00%
Saki district	76489	0	0,00%	76489	100,00%	76227	0	0,00%	76227	100,00%
Simferopol district	152091	0	0,00%	152091	100,00%	151346	0	0,00%	151346	100,00%
Sovetsky district	31898	0	0,00%	31898	100,00%	31758	0	0,00%	31758	100,00%
Chernomorsky district	30500	0	0,00%	30500	100,00%	30391	0	0,00%	30391	100,00%

Settlements

Main article: Large settlements of Crimea

In the Republic of Crimea there are 1019 settlements, including 16 urban settlements (16 cities) and 1003 rural settlements (including 56 urban settlements (counted as rural) and 947 villages and towns).

Story

Crimean ASSR

On October 30, 1930, instead of 10 districts, 16 were created: Ak-Mechetsky, Alushtinsky, Balaklava, Bakhchisaraysky, Biyuk-Onlarsky, Dzhankoysky, Evpatoriya, Ishunsky, Karasubazarsky, Leninsky, Seytlersky, Simferopol, Staro-Krymsky, Sudak, Feodosia and Yalta. The cities of Kerch, Sevastopol, Simferopol and Feodosia were under republican subordination.

On the map, Crimean Tatar areas are highlighted in turquoise, Jewish areas in blue, German areas in orange, Ukrainian areas in yellow, and mixed areas in pink.


1 Akmechitsky (Ak-Mechetsky) district	15 Kuibyshevsky district (center Albat)
2 Aksheikh (Ak-Sheikh) district	16 Larindorf district (center of Jurchi)
3 Alushta district	17 Leninsky district
4 Balaklava district	18 Mayak-Salynsky district
5 Bakhchisarai district	19 Saki district
6 Buyuk Onlar district	20 Seyitlersky district
7 Dzhankoy district	21 Simferopol district
8 Yevpatoriya district	22 Starokrymsky district
9 Zuysky district	23 Sudak district
10 Ichkinsky district	24 Telmansky district (center Kurman-Kemelchi)
11 Kalaisky district	25 Freidorf district
12 Karasubazar district	26 Yalta region
13 Kirovsky district (center Islyam-Terek)	27 Sevastopol
14 Krasnoperekopsky district

Crimean region

In 1948, Sevastopol was separated into an “independent administrative and economic center” and “classified as a city of republican subordination” [⇨] . In the same year, the Yalta region was abolished. In 1953, the Novoselovsky district was abolished, in 1957-1959 - the Balaklava, Zuysky and Staro-Krymsky districts. The city of Dzhankoy came under regional subordination.

On December 30, 1962, the Azov, Kirov, Kuibyshev, Oktyabrsky, Pervomaisky, Primorsky, Razdolnensky, Saki, Simferopol, Sovetsky and Sudak districts were abolished. The remaining 10 districts (Alushta, Bakhchisaray, Belogorsky, Dzhankoy, Evpatoriya, Krasnogvardeysky, Krasnoperekopsky, Leninsky, Nizhnegorsky and Chernomorsky) were transformed into rural areas. In 1963, instead of the Evpatoria district, the Saki district was created. In 1964, the Alushta district was abolished, and Alushta was transformed into a city of regional subordination.

After 1991

In 1993, Armyansk received the status of a city of republican subordination.

After 2014

In 2014, territories with settlements subordinate to city councils of cities of republican subordination received the status of municipalities as urban districts.

All urban-type settlements that had this status at the time of joining Russia in March 2014 lost their status as urban settlements and were classified as rural settlements; It was in this capacity that they were taken into account in the 2014 census materials, which led to the statistical phenomenon of an increase in the rural population and a decrease in the urban population of the Republic of Crimea.

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Notes

Links

// Topographic maps of regions of Ukraine 1:200000, approximately 2006
// Topographic maps of regions of Ukraine 1:200000, approximately 2006



Urban districts

Districts

Cities

town



Republic

The edges

Regions

Federal cities

Autonomous region

Autonomous okrugs

An excerpt characterizing the administrative-territorial division of the Republic of Crimea

“Lanciers du sixieme, [Lancers of the sixth regiment.],” said Dolokhov, without shortening or increasing the horse’s stride. The black figure of a sentry stood on the bridge.
– Mot d’ordre? [Review?] – Dolokhov held his horse and rode at a walk.
– Dites donc, le colonel Gerard est ici? [Tell me, is Colonel Gerard here?] - he said.
“Mot d'ordre!” said the sentry without answering, blocking the road.
“Quand un officier fait sa ronde, les sentinelles ne demandent pas le mot d"ordre...,” Dolokhov shouted, suddenly flushing, running his horse into the sentry. “Je vous demande si le colonel est ici?” [When an officer goes around the chain, the sentries do not ask review... I ask, is the colonel here?]
And, without waiting for an answer from the guard who stood aside, Dolokhov walked up the hill at a pace.
Noticing the black shadow of a man crossing the road, Dolokhov stopped this man and asked where the commander and officers were? This man, a soldier with a sack on his shoulder, stopped, came close to Dolokhov’s horse, touching it with his hand, and simply and friendlyly said that the commander and officers were higher on the mountain, on the right side, in the farm yard (that’s what he called the master’s estate).
Having driven along the road, on both sides of which French conversation could be heard from the fires, Dolokhov turned into the courtyard of the manor’s house. Having passed through the gate, he dismounted from his horse and approached a large blazing fire, around which several people were sitting, talking loudly. Something was boiling in a pot on the edge, and a soldier in a cap and blue overcoat, kneeling, brightly illuminated by the fire, stirred it with a ramrod.
“Oh, c"est un dur a cuire, [You can’t deal with this devil.],” said one of the officers sitting in the shadows on the opposite side of the fire.
“Il les fera marcher les lapins... [He will get through them...],” said another with a laugh. Both fell silent, peering into the darkness at the sound of the steps of Dolokhov and Petya, approaching the fire with their horses.
- Bonjour, messieurs! [Hello, gentlemen!] - Dolokhov said loudly and clearly.
The officers stirred in the shadow of the fire, and one, a tall officer with a long neck, walked around the fire and approached Dolokhov.
“C”est vous, Clement?” he said. “D”ou, diable... [Is that you, Clement? Where the hell...] - but he did not finish, having learned his mistake, and, frowning slightly, as if he were a stranger, he greeted Dolokhov, asking him how he could serve. Dolokhov said that he and a friend were catching up with their regiment, and asked, turning to everyone in general, if the officers knew anything about the sixth regiment. Nobody knew anything; and it seemed to Petya that the officers began to examine him and Dolokhov with hostility and suspicion. Everyone was silent for a few seconds.
“Si vous comptez sur la soupe du soir, vous venez trop tard, [If you are counting on dinner, then you are late.],” said a voice from behind the fire with a restrained laugh.
Dolokhov replied that they were full and that they needed to move on at night.
He gave the horses to the soldier who was stirring the pot, and squatted down by the fire next to the long-necked officer. This officer, without taking his eyes off, looked at Dolokhov and asked him again: what regiment was he in? Dolokhov did not answer, as if he had not heard the question, and, lighting a short French pipe, which he took out of his pocket, asked the officers how safe the road was from the Cossacks ahead of them.
“Les brigands sont partout, [These robbers are everywhere.],” answered the officer from behind the fire.
Dolokhov said that the Cossacks were terrible only for such backward people as he and his comrade, but that the Cossacks probably did not dare to attack large detachments, he added questioningly. Nobody answered.
“Well, now he’ll leave,” Petya thought every minute, standing in front of the fire and listening to his conversation.
But Dolokhov again began the conversation that had stopped and directly began asking how many people they had in the battalion, how many battalions, how many prisoners. Asking about the captured Russians who were with their detachment, Dolokhov said:
– La vilaine affaire de trainer ces cadavres apres soi. Vaudrait mieux fusiller cette canaille, [It’s a bad thing to carry these corpses around with you. It would be better to shoot this bastard.] - and laughed loudly with such a strange laugh that Petya thought the French would now recognize the deception, and he involuntarily took a step away from the fire. No one responded to Dolokhov’s words and laughter, and the French officer, who was not visible (he was lying wrapped in an overcoat), stood up and whispered something to his comrade. Dolokhov stood up and called to the soldier with the horses.
“Will they serve the horses or not?” - Petya thought, involuntarily approaching Dolokhov.
The horses were brought in.
“Bonjour, messieurs, [Here: farewell, gentlemen.],” said Dolokhov.
Petya wanted to say bonsoir [good evening] and could not finish the words. The officers were whispering something to each other. Dolokhov took a long time to mount the horse, which was not standing; then he walked out of the gate. Petya rode beside him, wanting and not daring to look back to see whether the French were running or not running after them.
Having reached the road, Dolokhov drove not back into the field, but along the village. At one point he stopped, listening.
- Do you hear? - he said.
Petya recognized the sounds of Russian voices and saw the dark figures of Russian prisoners near the fires. Going down to the bridge, Petya and Dolokhov passed the sentry, who, without saying a word, walked gloomily along the bridge, and drove out into the ravine where the Cossacks were waiting.
- Well, goodbye now. Tell Denisov that at dawn, at the first shot,” said Dolokhov and wanted to go, but Petya grabbed him with his hand.
- No! - he cried, - you are such a hero. Oh, how good! How great! How I love you.
“Okay, okay,” said Dolokhov, but Petya did not let him go, and in the darkness Dolokhov saw that Petya was bending down towards him. He wanted to kiss. Dolokhov kissed him, laughed and, turning his horse, disappeared into the darkness.

X
Returning to the guardhouse, Petya found Denisov in the entryway. Denisov, in excitement, anxiety and annoyance at himself for letting Petya go, was waiting for him.
- God bless! - he shouted. - Well, thank God! - he repeated, listening to Petya’s enthusiastic story. “What the hell, I couldn’t sleep because of you!” Denisov said. “Well, thank God, now go to bed.” Still sighing and eating until the end.
“Yes... No,” said Petya. – I don’t want to sleep yet. Yes, I know myself, if I fall asleep, it’s over. And then I got used to not sleeping before the battle.
Petya sat for some time in the hut, joyfully recalling the details of his trip and vividly imagining what would happen tomorrow. Then, noticing that Denisov had fallen asleep, he got up and went into the yard.
It was still completely dark outside. The rain had passed, but drops were still falling from the trees. Close to the guardhouse one could see black figures of Cossack huts and horses tied together. Behind the hut were two black wagons with horses standing, and in the ravine the dying fire was red. The Cossacks and hussars were not all asleep: in some places, along with the sound of falling drops and the nearby sound of horses chewing, soft, as if whispering voices were heard.
Petya came out of the entryway, looked around in the darkness and approached the wagons. Someone was snoring under the wagons, and saddled horses stood around them, chewing oats. In the darkness, Petya recognized his horse, which he called Karabakh, although it was a Little Russian horse, and approached it.
“Well, Karabakh, we’ll serve tomorrow,” he said, smelling her nostrils and kissing her.
- What, master, aren’t you sleeping? - said the Cossack sitting under the truck.
- No; and... Likhachev, I think your name is? After all, I just arrived. We went to the French. - And Petya told the Cossack in detail not only his trip, but also why he went and why he believes that it is better to risk his life than to make Lazar at random.
“Well, they should have slept,” said the Cossack.
“No, I’m used to it,” answered Petya. - What, you don’t have flints in your pistols? I brought it with me. Isn't it necessary? You take it.
The Cossack leaned out from under the truck to take a closer look at Petya.
“Because I’m used to doing everything carefully,” said Petya. “Some people just don’t get ready, and then they regret it.” I don't like it that way.
“That’s for sure,” said the Cossack.
“And one more thing, please, my dear, sharpen my saber; dull it... (but Petya was afraid to lie) it was never sharpened. Can this be done?
- Why, it’s possible.
Likhachev stood up, rummaged through his packs, and Petya soon heard the warlike sound of steel on a block. He climbed onto the truck and sat on the edge of it. The Cossack was sharpening his saber under the truck.
- Well, are the fellows sleeping? - said Petya.
- Some are sleeping, and some are like this.
- Well, what about the boy?
- Is it spring? He collapsed there in the entryway. He sleeps with fear. I was really glad.
For a long time after this, Petya was silent, listening to the sounds. Footsteps were heard in the darkness and a black figure appeared.
- What are you sharpening? – the man asked, approaching the truck.
- But sharpen the master’s saber.
“Good job,” said the man who seemed to Petya to be a hussar. - Do you still have a cup?
- And over there by the wheel.
The hussar took the cup.
“It’ll probably be light soon,” he said, yawning, and walked off somewhere.
Petya should have known that he was in the forest, in Denisov’s party, a mile from the road, that he was sitting on a wagon captured from the French, around which the horses were tied, that the Cossack Likhachev was sitting under him and sharpening his saber, that there was a big black spot to the right is a guardhouse, and a bright red spot below to the left is a dying fire, that the man who came for a cup is a hussar who was thirsty; but he knew nothing and did not want to know it. He was in a magical kingdom in which there was nothing like reality. A large black spot, perhaps there was definitely a guardhouse, or perhaps there was a cave that led into the very depths of the earth. The red spot might have been fire, or maybe the eye of a huge monster. Maybe he’s definitely sitting on a wagon now, but it’s very possible that he’s not sitting on a wagon, but on a terrible high tower, from which if you fall, you would fly to the ground for a whole day, a whole month - you’d keep flying and never reach it. It may be that just a Cossack Likhachev is sitting under the truck, but it may very well be that this is the kindest, bravest, most wonderful, most excellent person in the world, whom no one knows. Maybe it was just a hussar passing for water and going into the ravine, or maybe he just disappeared from sight and completely disappeared, and he was not there.
Whatever Petya saw now, nothing would surprise him. He was in a magical kingdom where everything was possible.
He looked at the sky. And the sky was as magical as the earth. The sky was clearing, and clouds were moving quickly over the tops of the trees, as if revealing the stars. Sometimes it seemed that the sky cleared and a black, clear sky appeared. Sometimes it seemed that these black spots were clouds. Sometimes it seemed as if the sky was rising high, high above your head; sometimes the sky dropped completely, so that you could reach it with your hand.
Petya began to close his eyes and sway.
Drops were dripping. There was a quiet conversation. The horses neighed and fought. Someone was snoring.
“Ozhig, zhig, zhig, zhig...” the saber being sharpened whistled. And suddenly Petya heard a harmonious choir of music playing some unknown, solemnly sweet hymn. Petya was musical, just like Natasha, and more than Nikolai, but he had never studied music, did not think about music, and therefore the motives that unexpectedly came to his mind were especially new and attractive to him. The music played louder and louder. The melody grew, moving from one instrument to another. What was called a fugue was happening, although Petya did not have the slightest idea what a fugue was. Each instrument, sometimes similar to a violin, sometimes like trumpets - but better and cleaner than violins and trumpets - each instrument played its own and, not yet finishing the tune, merged with another, which started almost the same, and with the third, and with the fourth , and they all merged into one and scattered again, and again merged, now into the solemn church, now into the brightly brilliant and victorious.
“Oh, yes, it’s me in a dream,” Petya said to himself, swaying forward. - It's in my ears. Or maybe it's my music. Well, again. Go ahead my music! Well!.."
He closed his eyes. And from different sides, as if from afar, sounds began to tremble, began to harmonize, scatter, merge, and again everything united into the same sweet and solemn hymn. “Oh, what a delight this is! As much as I want and how I want,” Petya said to himself. He tried to lead this huge choir of instruments.
“Well, hush, hush, freeze now. – And the sounds obeyed him. - Well, now it’s fuller, more fun. More, even more joyful. – And from an unknown depth arose intensifying, solemn sounds. “Well, voices, pester!” - Petya ordered. And first, male voices were heard from afar, then female voices. The voices grew, grew in uniform, solemn effort. Petya was scared and joyful to listen to their extraordinary beauty.
The song merged with the solemn victory march, and drops fell, and burn, burn, burn... the saber whistled, and again the horses fought and neighed, not breaking the choir, but entering into it.
Petya didn’t know how long this lasted: he enjoyed himself, was constantly surprised by his pleasure and regretted that there was no one to tell it to. He was awakened by Likhachev's gentle voice.
- Ready, your honor, you will split the guard in two.
Petya woke up.
- It’s already dawn, really, it’s dawning! - he screamed.
The previously invisible horses became visible up to their tails, and a watery light was visible through the bare branches. Petya shook himself, jumped up, took a ruble from his pocket and gave it to Likhachev, waved, tried the saber and put it in the sheath. The Cossacks untied the horses and tightened the girths.
“Here is the commander,” said Likhachev. Denisov came out of the guardhouse and, calling out to Petya, ordered them to get ready.

Quickly in the semi-darkness they dismantled the horses, tightened the girths and sorted out the teams. Denisov stood at the guardhouse, giving the last orders. The party's infantry, slapping a hundred feet, marched forward along the road and quickly disappeared between the trees in the predawn fog. Esaul ordered something to the Cossacks. Petya held his horse on the reins, impatiently awaiting the order to mount. Washed with cold water, his face, especially his eyes, burned with fire, a chill ran down his back, and something in his whole body trembled quickly and evenly.
- Well, is everything ready for you? - Denisov said. - Give us the horses.
The horses were brought in. Denisov became angry with the Cossack because the girths were weak, and, scolding him, sat down. Petya took hold of the stirrup. The horse, out of habit, wanted to bite his leg, but Petya, not feeling his weight, quickly jumped into the saddle and, looking back at the hussars who were moving behind in the darkness, rode up to Denisov.
- Vasily Fedorovich, will you entrust me with something? Please... for God's sake... - he said. Denisov seemed to have forgotten about Petya’s existence. He looked back at him.
“I ask you about one thing,” he said sternly, “to obey me and not to interfere anywhere.”
During the entire journey, Denisov did not speak a word to Petya and rode in silence. When we arrived at the edge of the forest, the field was noticeably getting lighter. Denisov spoke in a whisper with the esaul, and the Cossacks began to drive past Petya and Denisov. When they had all passed, Denisov started his horse and rode downhill. Sitting on their hindquarters and sliding, the horses descended with their riders into the ravine. Petya rode next to Denisov. The trembling throughout his body intensified. It became lighter and lighter, only the fog hid distant objects. Moving down and looking back, Denisov nodded his head to the Cossack standing next to him.
- Signal! - he said.
The Cossack raised his hand and a shot rang out. And at the same instant, the tramp of galloping horses was heard in front, screams from different sides and more shots.
At the same instant as the first sounds of stomping and screaming were heard, Petya, hitting his horse and releasing the reins, not listening to Denisov, who was shouting at him, galloped forward. It seemed to Petya that it suddenly dawned as brightly as the middle of the day at that moment when the shot was heard. He galloped towards the bridge. Cossacks galloped along the road ahead. On the bridge he encountered a lagging Cossack and rode on. Some people ahead - they must have been French - were running from the right side of the road to the left. One fell into the mud under the feet of Petya's horse.
Cossacks crowded around one hut, doing something. A terrible scream was heard from the middle of the crowd. Petya galloped up to this crowd, and the first thing he saw was the pale face of a Frenchman with a shaking lower jaw, holding onto the shaft of a lance pointed at him.
“Hurray!.. Guys... ours...” Petya shouted and, giving the reins to the overheated horse, galloped forward down the street.
Shots were heard ahead. Cossacks, hussars and ragged Russian prisoners, running from both sides of the road, were all shouting something loudly and awkwardly. A handsome Frenchman, without a hat, with a red, frowning face, in a blue overcoat, fought off the hussars with a bayonet. When Petya galloped up, the Frenchman had already fallen. I was late again, Petya flashed in his head, and he galloped to where frequent shots were heard. Shots rang out in the courtyard of the manor house where he was with Dolokhov last night. The French sat down there behind a fence in a dense garden overgrown with bushes and fired at the Cossacks crowded at the gate. Approaching the gate, Petya, in the powder smoke, saw Dolokhov with a pale, greenish face, shouting something to the people. “Take a detour! Wait for the infantry!” - he shouted, while Petya drove up to him.

It is important to know that the Crimean coasts sometimes warm up to fifty degrees Celsius, so diseases such as cystitis and chronic colds must be treated with caution so as not to get burns. Sitting or lying on stones or sand for a few minutes can cure not only gynecological and urological diseases, but also problems with the lumbar region and spine.
Of course, the pricing policy for holidays on the Black Sea coast also differs in the level of service depending on the area and other factors. Many vacationers get to the coast of Crimea in their own cars and stay in their own tents. Freedom lovers also like this extreme activity, so the cost of their vacation is exactly as much as they had planned for themselves. It should be noted that the closer to the sea you choose a place to stay during your vacation, the higher the cost of living in hotels or private houses will be. A varied array of all kinds of attractions and excursions are offered as local residents, and professional guides in Crimea. An unforgettable event for tourists can be visiting Crimean waterfalls, lakes of extraordinary purity and beauty, indicated on the administrative map. Everything on this peninsula is conducive to romance and a good mood. Many restaurants and cozy cafes will surprise you with beautifully prepared dishes and the freshest drinks.

Crimea is territorial. Administrative-territorial division of the Republic of Crimea