Population g mineral waters. About the city mineral waters

sights

23498

At the junction of the Stavropol Upland and the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Range, at almost equal distance from the Black and Caspian Seas, five cities are located, forming a polycentric agglomeration - "Caucasian Mineral Waters". The history of this exceptional place as a popular balneotherapy resort dates back to the 19th century, namely in 1803, when Alexander I signed the rescript "On the recognition of the state significance of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and the need for their arrangement." Since then, large-scale development of the area began, in particular, the study of its main wealth - mineral springs, of which there are more than 130! There are also large deposits of healing mud on the territory of KMV. The advantages of the resort, which is considered one of the most ecologically clean and hospitable regions of Russia, also include a mild climate with lots of sunny days, mountain air and unusually beautiful landscapes.

The numerous advantages of the CMS were appreciated by well-known figures of politics, science, culture and art, with whose names a number of monuments and historical sitestogether with the natural splendor, make up the appearance of the famous resort cities.

Museum, Landmark

The city of Mineralnye Vody, located at the foot of Mount Zmeika, in the valley of the Kuma River, is a kind of gateway to the "Forge of Health". Today it is, first of all, a transport hub and a transit point: from here tourists usually go to the mineral water resorts - Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk. This role is due to the historical past of the city, which arose in 1878 as a settlement at the junction station of Rostov-Vladikavkaz railroad... The former settlement of Sultanovsky received the city status in 1921. And in 1925 an air station was opened here, which made the Ministry of Water Resources one of the first "winged" cities of the Soviet Union. Modern international Airport Mineralnye Vody appeared in the 60s. XX century, in the early 2010s it was reconstructed and is now the largest airport in the south of the country.

Another "transport" attraction is the Minvod station building, which is an example of Soviet neoclassicism. It should be noted that, in general, the architectural appearance of Minvod is made up of buildings of the post-war period: the city was seriously damaged during the Nazi occupation. The main city church - the Intercession Cathedral - was built already in 1997.

The Mineralnye Vody Museum of Local Lore tells about the history, culture, natural wealth of the region. It will be interesting to visit the house-museum of Alexei Bibik, a proletarian writer who lived in Minvody until 99 years old. This amazing example of longevity is not the only one in the region with incredibly healthy conditions.

The picturesque surroundings of the city were no exception for the placement of a wonderful health resort here - the sanatorium "Mineralnye Vody", on the territory of which there is a spring with a drinking pump room.

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Sight

The name of the oldest resort Kavminvod was given by the nearby five-domed mountain Beshtau - the highest elevation of the region. The city is spread out at the foot of another mountain - Mashuk, on the southwestern and southern slopes of the Stavropol Upland. The mountains Dubrovka, Piket, Post and others are also within the boundaries of Pyatigorsk. Healing waters, amazing beauty of mountains and valleys, mild climate, a large number of historical sights make up the specificity of Pyatigorsk tourism. But first things first.

Pyatigorsk, first of all, is famous for an exceptional variety of mineral springs, the first of which were explored back in the 1890s. Since 1803, medical institutions began to appear here, more and more springs were opened. So, gradually the former military fortification in the valley of Mashuk mountain turned into a first-class russian health resort... Today in Pyatigorsk there are about 50 wells and mineral springs with different types of healing water, more than 20 of them are actively used for medical purposes. Such water wealth, combined with the medicinal mud of Lake Tambukan, used in the Pyatigorsk sanatorium complexes, makes the city one of the most effective multi-profile resorts in modern Russia.

Sanatoriums in Pyatigorsk coexist with numerous parks, museums and historical and architectural monuments. In the center of the oldest city park "Tsvetnik" (before the revolution - "Nikolaevsky"), planned back in 1828, there is the Lermontov Gallery - an interesting building of the early XX century and a concert and exhibition complex that is currently operating. From the "Flower Garden" you can climb a wide stone staircase to another historical building - the Academic (Elizavetinskaya) Gallery, from the observation deck of which a magnificent panorama of the city and its environs opens.

A number of attractions in Pyatigorsk are inextricably linked with the name of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Must-see places include Lermontov's House, where one of the departments of the M.Yu. Lermontov; place of Lermontov's duel with Major N.S. Martynov; Diana's grotto, where the poet has been more than once; Lermontov's grotto, captured by him in the novel "A Hero of Our Time". Another cult place of Pyatigorsk, immortalized in Russian literature, is Proval - a karst cave with an underground lake. It was here that Ostap Bender, the character of the "Twelve Chairs", managed to earn money for visiting the legendary attraction. Today, at the entrance to Proval, you can see a modern bronze sculpture of the "great strategist". A monument to the main hero of Pyatigorsk - Lermontov - has been decorating the city since 1889. Numerous monuments and ancient buildings are surrounded by dense greenery of centuries-old trees and the mesmerizing beauty of mountain landscapes.

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Sight

Among the four resorts of Kavminvod, the first place in terms of the number of health resorts is unconditionally occupied by the cozy and sunny Kislovodsk, the main asset of which is the world-famous narzan. Like Pyatigorsk, the city arose from a military fortress and a village. Its founders and first inhabitants were Russian soldiers. Of particular importance in the development of the city were the activities of General A.P. Ermolov, on whose orders the creation of the famous Kurortny Park, once the largest park in Europe in terms of area, began.

In the second half of the 19th century, Kislovodsk was already a popular comfortable resort, attracting representatives of famous merchant and noble families. Today, as well as more than a century and a half ago, the Narzan Gallery, built in the Gothic style, attracts many people who want to improve their health. Healing narzan is not only drunk, but also used for taking baths. The "Eastern" building of the Main Narzan Baths, erected at the very beginning of the last century, is one of the most interesting buildings in the city.

All in all, there are more than a hundred architectural monuments and historical sights in Kislovodsk. So the rest here promises to be not only useful, but also informative. You should definitely visit the ancient theater and concert hall. V. Safonov (Philharmonic building), where Sergei Rachmaninov gave a concert, Fyodor Chaliapin sang. The great artist of the world opera house not only toured in Kislovodsk, but rented a mansion here for his family. The historical building, known as "Chaliapin's Dacha", today houses a literary and musical museum dedicated to the legendary singer.

Walking along the winding streets of the center of Kislovodsk with its original old buildings can be alternated with longer routes that imply gradual ascents to the mountains. For terrenkur (recreational walking), the Resort Park is perfect, where six different routes are laid. The sea of \u200b\u200bgreenery, the purest rarefied air will make it easy to overcome more than one kilometer and at the same time get great pleasure.

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Sight

There are many legends about the origin of the city and the toponym Essentuki, there are also many scientific points of view on this issue. According to the most common of them, the name comes from the name of Khan Essentug, the ruler of a large Golden Horde settlement located not far from the modern city. But from the Karachai language “Essen tyuk” is translated as “living hair”. The explanation for this is the beautiful legend about the healing of a boy, the son of a rich prince, on whose head, after bathing in a local spring, beautiful curls grew.

Today, many ailments are treated with mineral waters bearing the same name as the famous balneological resort town. The richest in terms of water volume and mineral composition are the "Essentuki-4" and "Essentuki-17" springs. There are other sources, each with its own healing properties.

The pride of Essentuki is the ON. Semashko is the largest institution of its kind in Europe. A grandiose complex in the spirit of neoclassicism was built in 1913-1915. For more than a hundred years, procedures with the healing mud of the Tambukan Lake have been carried out here. Another large-scale attraction of the city is the largest drinking gallery on the European continent "Five-thousanders", which can accommodate up to 5,200 tourists per shift. It is impossible not to mention the Zander Institute of Mechanotherapy, built at the end of the 19th century. The building of unusual architecture housed an institution no less unusual for its time - the prototype of a modern fitness center, which housed "exercise machines" for therapeutic gymnastics, developed by the Swedish physiotherapist Gustav Zander.

At the foot of Mount Zheleznaya and partly on its eastern slopes is the smallest of the KMV cities - Zheleznovodsk. Its area is only 93 sq. km, which does not detract from the merits of the resort, which is also distinguished by the richness of mineral springs, the presence of interesting historical and natural monuments.

The first two hot springs on the slope of Mount Zheleznaya were discovered in 1810 by the outstanding Russian physician Fyodor Gaaz. In the same year, a health resort with a bath was established. To date, more than 20 springs have come to the surface in Zheleznovodsk. The oldest of them - the Lermontov spring - is still functioning, being, moreover, one of the city's attractions: the great Russian poet has been here too.

Mud therapy has been practiced in Zheleznovodsk for several centuries. For medical procedures in 1893, a building in the Moorish style was erected - Baths, named after the Russian statesman, Minister of State Property M.N. Ostrovsky.

By analogy with the Lermontov Gallery in Pyatigorsk, in the medical park of Zheleznovodsk there is the Pushkin Gallery - an original construction made of iron from glass, created for concerts and exhibitions. Not far from the gallery there is another famous monument of the city - the Emir's Palace, which reproduces the features of Central Asian architecture. Today the former residence of the Emir of Bukhara is occupied by a sanatorium.

The resort is distinguished by amazingly picturesque nature: the city, located in the valley of the Dzhemuk and Kuchuk rivers, is surrounded by mountains and a natural forest. From the foot of Mount Zheleznaya, the main natural attraction of Zheleznovodsk, a terrenkur route over 3 km long has been laid. From the top of the mountain, at an altitude of 853 m above sea level, a magnificent view of the entire vicinity of the Caucasian Mineral Waters opens.

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Mineralnye Vody is a small town in the Stavropol Territory, located in the valley of the Kuma River, 172 kilometers from the regional center. The area of \u200b\u200bthe settlement is 51.5 square kilometers.

General data and historical facts

In 1875, the construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway was completed. In 1878, a workers' settlement was founded at the Sultanovskaya station.

In 1921 the station and the nearest settlement were transformed into the city of Mineralny Vody. After 4 years, the Mineralovodsky district was formed.

In 1925 an airport was built near the village.

In the 1930s, the Zmeika stone crushing plant and the Beshtownit mine operated in the village, which were engaged in the processing and extraction of nonmetallic materials.

During the Great Patriotic War, 18 thousand inhabitants of Mineralnye Vody went to war against the German invaders. More than 7 thousand people did not return from the battlefields. At this time, many industrial enterprises produced products for military needs.

From August 1942 to January 1943, the city was occupied by German troops. During the occupation, the Nazis killed and buried more than 10 thousand civilians in the area.

In the postwar years, the construction of residential buildings and hotels began to actively develop in Mineralnye Vody.

In 1956, the settlement received the status of a city of regional subordination. By this time, the city had become a popular health resort, a place for recreation and health improvement.

In the summer of 1964, by the decision of the government of the country, registration of citizens was restricted in Mineralnye Vody and other resort cities.

In 1991, Shamil Basayev hijacked a passenger plane en route from Mineralnye Vody to Yekaterinburg. The terrorist ordered the pilots to fly to the Turkish capital Ankara.

In 1994, a new terrorist attack was organized by terrorists. The bandits hijacked an intercity bus in which 36 people were taken hostage. As a result of the special operation to free the hostages, 4 people were killed.

In March 2001, an explosive device went off at the entrance to the city market, killing 26 people.

Industrial enterprises: Mineralovodsk bakery, Kavkazskaya zdravnitsa publishing house, Stavroplast production, Don water production and bottling enterprise, Stavropolsnab enterprise, a branch of Irkutsk precast concrete plant.

The telephone code of Mineralnye Vody is 87922. The postal code is 357000.

Climate and weather

The mountain-forest climate prevails in Mineralnye Vody. Winters are warm and short. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of -2.5 degrees.

Summer is long and very warm. The average temperature in July is +22.7 degrees. Average annual precipitation is 525 mm.

The total population of Mineralnye Vody for 2018-2019

Population data were obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.

The total number of residents for 2018 is 74.8 thousand people.

The data on the graph shows a steady decline in the population from 89,017 in 2007 to 74,758 in 2018.

The following nationalities live in the city: Russians - 82.6%, Armenians - 8.7%, Ukrainians - 1.3%, Greeks - 1.1%.

As of January 2018, Mineralnye Vody ranked 221 out of 1113 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.

sights

1.Cathedral of the Intercession Holy Mother of God - the Orthodox church was built in 1997. The cathedral complex includes a church, administrative buildings, a church wall with a holy gate.

2.Church of the Iberian Icon of the Mother of God - a five-domed church was built in the village of Novotersky in 2008.

3.Memorial "Fire of Eternal Glory" - the memorial complex was opened in 1976 on the square "30 years of Victory".

Transport

In the western part of Mineralnye Vody there is an international airport of the same name, from which flights to Moscow, Surgut, Yekaterinburg, Baku, Tel Aviv, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bTashkent, Dushanbe are carried out.

There are several railway stations in Mineralnye Vody connecting the city with Georgievsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Kislovodsk, Lermontov, Zelenokumsk.

Buses to Budennovsk, Vladikavkaz, Stavropol regularly depart from the city bus station,

City
Mineral water
44 ° 12′03 ″ s. sh. 43 ° 06′45 ″ in. etc.
Country	Russia
Subject of the federation
Urban district	Mineralovodsky
History and geography
Founded	in 1878
Former names	before 1898 - settlement Sultanovsky before 1922 - settlement Illarionovsky
City with	1922 year
Square	51.55 km²
Center height	300 m
Timezone	UTC + 3
Population
Population	↘ 74 758 people (2018)
Density	1450.2 people / km²
Agglomeration	Caucasian-Mineralovodsk
National composition	Russians, Armenians, Ukrainians, Greeks
Names of residents	mineral breeders, Mineral breeders, Mineral breeders
Digital identifiers
Telephone code	+7 87922
Postcode	357200
OKATO code	07 421
OKTMO code	07 721 000 001
Other
Map sheet nomenclature	L-38-135
Wikimapia.org	See map

Mineral water - a city, the administrative center of the Mineralovodsky district (urban district) of Russia. It is part of the ecological-resort region Caucasian Mineral Waters.

Name variations

• Mineral Waters (Kumskaya)
• Min. Water (in everyday use)

Geography

The city is located in the valley of the Kuma River, 172 km southeast of. The city has the largest airport in southern Russia, which connects the Kavkazskie Mineralnye Vody region with other regions of Russia, the junction railway station of the North Caucasian railway on the Armavir line - with a branch to the federal highway M-29 Kavkaz. From here you can get to the resort towns of Zheleznovodsk, as well as to the town of Lermontov.

The city stands at the foot of the Zmeika Mountain, most of which is occupied by the territory of the Beshtaugorsky forest massif, and part of it from the side of the city is a formidable view of rocks and quarries connected by a serpentine road of old roads. In the middle of the last century, building rock was actively developed here, a stone-processing plant worked. In good weather the peaks of Elbrus are visible from the city, to which in a straight line 91 km. From the city, you can go to it by sightseeing bus; by road, this distance will increase to 250 km.

Rivers

Kuma, Surkul, Dzhemukha.

Climate

The climate of the city is relatively dry, humid air masses from the Black Sea do not reach here, they are retained by the Main Caucasian ridge. The climate of the city of Mineralnye Vody differs in contrast - hot, dry summers, slightly frosty winters. Spring and summer are clearly expressed. The coldest months are January and February, the warmest are July and August. Spring begins at the end of February.

Summer begins in early May. It is warm and long lasting (about 140 days). Autumn begins in early October. Best time years for recreation and travel - autumn. It can be sunny, dry, rich in fruits and bright colors of landscapes. Precipitation on the territory of the city falls extremely unevenly in the seasons of the year and ranges from 300 mm to 600 mm per year.

The city of Mineralnye Vody is located mainly in the steppe zone. The plains here have long been reclaimed, plowed up and built up, virgin lands with silvery feather grass have been preserved only in small fragments along the roadsides. Here on the soils, in addition to feather grass, fescue, thin-legged, wheatgrass grow, in spring Veronica turns blue, in summer there are gray leaves of white-toothed oak, yellow baskets of elecampane, prickly rosettes of zopnik. At the foot of the mountain, on solonetzic soils, Crimean wormwood, creeping kokhia and kermek are abundant. Animal world territory is significantly reduced and changed by man. On the steppe areas, you can occasionally see a hare, a jerboa, a gray hamster, a hedgehog, a steppe ferret. Vole mice live here. The earth mounds are lined up in a row, which testifies to the underground work of the common mole rat. There are also eagle, hawk, owl and owl.

Climate of Mineralnye Vody
Index	Jan.	Feb	March	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Absolute maximum, ° C	19,5	21,5	30,3	34,5	34,9	37,5	39,7	41,1	37,4	34,1	25,8	19,4	41,1
Average maximum, ° C	1,7	2,5	8,4	16,8	21,8	26,5	29,8	29,3	23,9	16,4	8,3	2,8	15,7
Average temperature, ° C	−2,5	−2,4	2,8	10,0	15,1	19,6	22,6	22,0	16,9	10,3	3,6	−1,3	9,7
Average minimum, ° C	−5,7	−6	−1,2	4,6	9,1	13,5	16,1	15,7	11,2	5,8	0,2	−4,4	4,9
Absolute minimum, ° C	−33,3	−31,6	−23,8	−7,6	−2,9	3,2	7,5	4,2	−4,6	−17,7	−23,6	−31,5	−33,3
Precipitation rate, mm	18	18	28	53	67	86	69	48	35	38	31	28	519
Source: Weather and Climate

History

The city owes its birth to the construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway (construction was completed in 1875). The junction station with a branch to Kislovodsk was named Sultanovskaya, since it was located on the lands belonging to the Nogai sultan Mengli-Girey and his descendants since 1826. At that time, about 500 workers lived in the right-of-way (an area owned by a railroad joint-stock company bounded by a concrete wall), serving the local locomotive depot, station and other railway enterprises. And nearby, on the lands of the Sultan Dzhanbek-Girey, with his consent, new settlers soon settled. These were mainly handicraftsmen and traders who supplied their products and goods to railway workers. The settlers have submitted a petition to the authorities to form a village... In 1878 the settlement received a legal status and name Sultanovsky.

In 1906 the Sultanovsky settlement was renamed into Illarionovsky - in honor of Count I.I.Vorontsov-Dashkova appointed by the governor of the Caucasus.

In October 1921, the village and the station were united and became the city of Mineralnye Vody with a population of 14 thousand people.

In 1929-1930, enterprises for the extraction and processing of nonmetallic materials appeared - the Zmeyka stone crushing plant and the Beshtownit mine. After the construction of the airport in 1925, the city became an important point on the main air routes of the USSR. In 1924, the Mineralovodsk region was formed by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

Saint Theodosius of the Caucasus (1841-1948) from 1931 to 1948 lived in Mineralnye Vody, after returning from the Solovetsky Islands he accepted the feat of foolishness. In recent years, he lived with the novices in a small, damp house with low ceilings. In December 1994, in the Stavropol diocesan administration, at the diocesan council, the question was raised about studying the life of Hieroschemamonk Theodosius and about the popular veneration of him as a saint of God. The relics of St. Theodosius of the Caucasus are in the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos.

In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, 18 thousand minerals went to the front. Women and children took their jobs. Some enterprises switched to the production of military products. 6,269 residents of the city were awarded orders and medals, 12 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the war, 7 thousand inhabitants of mineral water died.

In the evening of August 8, 1942, the 40th German Tank Corps of the 1st Tank Army of Baron Leo-Geir von Schweppenburg approached the northern bank of the Kuma River, where he was met by the city's defenders - cadets of the Novocherkassk Cavalry School. On August 10, the city was occupied by the troops of Nazi Germany. The railway station "Mineralnye Vody" was an extremely important object, through it went the provision of the German troops advancing on Vladikavkaz and Baku. In the building of the railway station there was a German commandant's office, where interrogations were conducted. Outside the city, near the glass factory, there was a deep anti-tank ditch, near which massacres of civilians were carried out every day. More than 10 thousand people from all Caucasian Mineral Waters were killed and buried there.

On January 11, 1943, a Soviet tank battalion under the command of Captain Petrov entered the city along the railway line from Prokhladny, advancing in the direction of the railway station, where the main enemy forces were concentrated. At the same time, rifle units entered the city. Soviet troops blocked several trains with German equipment, uniforms and food at the station. On the street "50 years of October" there is a memorial for tankers with a T-34-85 tank.

After the war, Mineralnye Vody became one of the largest cities Stavropol region.

On June 5, 1964, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR decided to restrict the residence permit of citizens in the resort towns of Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Yessentuki, Mineralnye Vody and the adjacent settlements of the Stavropol Territory.

On November 9, 1991, Shamil Basayev committed his first terrorist attack, hijacking a plane from the airport of Mineralnye Vody. The plane with 178 hostages on board was supposed to fly to, but Basayev ordered the pilots to head for.

Symbolism

Mineralnye Vody is the only one of the 19 cities of the Stavropol Territory that does not have official symbols - a coat of arms and a flag.

For the first time, the question of creating the city's symbols was raised in the second half of the 1960s. In July 1965, the newspaper Kavkazskaya Zdravnitsa published a collective letter signed by the staff of the Pyatigorsk Museum in Kavminvody, as well as by the chairman of the Kavminvodsky branch of the Union of Architects of the USSR V. Fukleev and the chief architect B. Abidov, who asked readers to express their opinion on the need to develop coats of arms, Zheleznovodsk, Mineralnye Vody and other cities that are part of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Soon, the first responses and suggestions from the residents of the resort region appeared on the pages of this publication, including the mineral water surveyor B. Ivantsov, who presented the emblem of his city as follows: “In the foreground ... an electric locomotive, and above - a hovering jet passenger plane ... Left and right - mountains ... Let the background be the panorama of the Caucasian ridge with the handsome Elbrus. " Subsequently, a similar image was spread on one of the collectible badges of the so-called "Pyatigorsk series", produced by several souvenir factories in the city of Pyatigorsk. At the same time, according to the Russian Center for Flagology and Heraldry, "the city's coat of arms in this form did not exist and was not approved."

The emblem of the city of Mineralnye Vody (1998)

At the beginning of 1971, a competition was announced for the best sketch of the coat of arms of Mineralnye Vody, information about which appeared on the first page of the January issue of the "Caucasian health resort". However, in the end, the unofficial symbol of the capital of the Mineralovodsky region became the jubilee emblem, developed in 1998 (to the 120th anniversary of the founding of the city) by the local artist S.N. Valuisky: “In a scarlet shield, in a circle on a gold base, there is a mountain, one slope of which is green and the other is black. Around the mountain there are symbols of aviation, transport, a golden ear and a fragment of a gear. " The main figure - the mountain - was associated with the natural landmark of Mineralnye Vody - the Snake Mountain; the rest of the figures indicated the international airport, railway station and industrial facilities located within the city limits (in particular, the aircraft repair plant 411GA). In September 1998, the image of this emblem appeared on a symbolic stele at the entrance to Mineralnye Vody, built according to the design of the chief architect of the city L.G. Semin.

In the course of the municipal reform, the city of Mineralnye Vody was endowed with the status of an urban settlement and, as a municipal entity, received the right to its own coat of arms and other official symbols reflecting historical, cultural, socio-economic, national and other local traditions. Work on new symbols began in 2010. The need for its creation, as noted in the program of social and economic development of the city of Mineralnye Vody for 2011-2015, was due to the fact that "the existing symbols are not approved according to the heraldic hierarchy, are not officially registered and are morally outdated."

On June 24, 2010, at a meeting of the heraldic commission under the governor of the Stavropol Territory, 10 projects of the coat of arms of the city of Mineralnye Vody, developed by the heraldist artist S.E. Mayorov (Stavropol) and public figure I. Kh. Iliadi (Mineralnye Vody), were considered. Following the discussion, the members of the commission recommended to the city administration for approval option No. 10 "with the image of a fork-shaped cross with an eagle and the sun rising from the base of the shield", describing it as "the most acceptable and heraldically correct."

Mineralnye Vody city project (2011)

On February 25, 2011, by the decision of the City Duma, the composition of the commission was determined, which was engaged in the development of a sketch of the coat of arms and flag of the city. In March of the same year, public hearings were held in the city administration building to discuss a sketch of the coat of arms and flag - the official symbol of the city of Mineralnye Vody. As a variant of the coat of arms, taken as a basis, the project, executed by S.E. paws, claws, in the paws a key of the same metal. Below is the emerging golden sun (without a mask). "

The proposed design of the coat of arms expressed such features as the name of the city of Mineralnye Vody, its location at the entrance to the resort region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and its role as the main transport hub of the North Caucasus. The main figure of the coat of arms was a silver overturned pitchfork cross, the three beams of which, joining in the center, symbolized three types of transport arteries (air, rail, and automobile) converging in the city. The cross was also seen as a protective symbol - both for the city and for the passengers of this transport hub. A flying eagle with a golden key in its paws was associated with the well-established symbol of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, the key and gate to which is the city of Mineral Waters. The same feature of the city, which serves as a "gateway to the Caucasian Mineral Waters", is reflected in the opening formed by the two lower rays of the cross. The main colors of the coat of arms project (azure and silver), correlated with the signs of water, strengthened the symbolism inherent in the name of the city, and together with the image of the golden sun rising from the base of the shield, reminded that an important part of the beneficial effect on the health of vacationers in the Caucasian Mineral Waters are mineral springs combined with sun and air.

In the process of further consideration, this coat of arms was rejected by the city administration. At a meeting of the heraldic commission under the governor of the Stavropol Territory, held on June 30, 2011, the secretary of the commission N. A. Okhonko reported that “activities have begun to profane the heraldically correct coat of arms into some artistic canvas”.

By March 2015, in connection with the beginning of the "active reorganization process" in the city and the region, the development of official symbols in Mineralnye Vody was suspended. However, it was no longer possible to resume it, since in June of the same year all the municipalities that were part of the Mineralovodsky municipal district of the Stavropol Territory were transformed, through their unification, into the Mineralovodsky urban district, as a result of which the city of Mineralnye Vody lost the status of an urban settlement, and with it - the rights to the coat of arms and flag.

Population

Population
1923	1926	1931	1939	1959	1967	1970	1973	1976	1979	1982	1986	1987
13 644	↗ 18 000	↗ 22 719	↗ 31 300	↗ 40 131	↗ 47 000	↗ 55 149	↗ 59 000	↗ 64 000	↗ 67 381	↗ 71 000	↗ 74 000	↗ 75 000
1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
↘ 70 961	↗ 81 824	↗ 83 346	↗ 84 537	↗ 85 563	↗ 86 467	↗ 87 068	↗ 87 884	↗ 88 272	↗ 88 288	↘ 88 149	↗ 88 552	↗ 88 597
2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
↗ 89 051	↗ 89 068	↗ 89 336	↘ 89 222	↘ 89 209	↘ 89 017	↘ 76 700	↗ 76 757	↘ 76 728	↘ 76 696	↘ 76 441	↘ 76 291	↘ 76 205
2015	2016	2017	2018
↘ 75 974	↘ 75 620	↘ 75 381	↘ 74 758

As of January 1, 2018, in terms of population, the city was on the 221st place out of 1113 cities of the Russian Federation.

National composition

According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census:

№	Nationality	Number, people	Share
1	russians	63 369	82,6 %
2	Armenians	6 668	8,7 %
3	Ukrainians	1 014	1,3 %
4	Greeks	854	1,1 %
5	others	4 823	6,3 %

Administrative division

Health care

• GBUZ SK "Mineralovodskaya District Hospital" (in its structure it has a hospital, a city polyclinic, a children's city polyclinic, an ambulance station, a maternity hospital, a dental clinic).
• NUZ "Departmental clinical hospital at the station Mineralnye Vody JSC Russian Railways" (in its structure has a hospital and 2 polyclinic departments).

Communication

the Internet

Caucasus Internet Service, Post Ltd, Boca and Co, Rostelecom, Beeline, MTS

Landline phone

Stavropol branch of Rostelecom

Cellular 2G / 3G / 4G

MegaFon, Beeline, MTS, Yota

Education

Higher professional education

• North-Caucasian branch of the educational institution "Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov "
• Branch of the educational institution "Rostov State Transport University" in Mineralnye Vody
• North Caucasus Institute (Branch) of the educational institution "Moscow Humanitarian Economic Institute"

Secondary vocational education

• Stavropol Regional College of Music. V.I.Safonova
• Mineralovodsk Regional Multidisciplinary College.
• Mineralovodsk College of Railway Transport
• Mineralovodsk branch of the educational institution "Rostov Trade and Economic College"

Secondary general education

• Secondary school number 1
• Gymnasium number 2
• Lyceum number 3
• Secondary school number 4
• Secondary school number 5
• Secondary school number 6
• Secondary school number 7
• Secondary school number 14
• Secondary school number 20
• Gymnasium number 103
• Lyceum number 104
• Secondary school number 111

Preschool education

• Kindergarten number 1 "Scarlet Flower"
• Kindergarten number 2 "Golden Key"
• Kindergarten number 4 "Firefly"
• Kindergarten number 5 "Dolphin"
• Kindergarten number 6 "Malyshok"
• Kindergarten number 7 "Ivushka"
• Kindergarten number 8 "Fairy Tale"
• Kindergarten number 9 "Lesnaya Skazka"
• Kindergarten number 11 "Goldfish"
• Kindergarten number 12 "Alyonushka"
• Kindergarten number 13 "Zhuravushka"
• Kindergarten number 14 "Olenonok"
• Kindergarten number 15 "Aistenok"
• Kindergarten number 16 "Little Red Riding Hood"
• Kindergarten number 33 "Rainbow"
• Kindergarten number 62 "Zvezdochka"
• Kindergarten number 73 "Iskorka"
• Kindergarten number 95 "Swallow"
• Kindergarten number 103 "Cheburashka"
• Kindergarten number 198 "Snow White"

Additional education

• The House for arts and crafts for children
• Center for Continuing Education
• Children's and Youth Sports School in Mineralnye Vody

Culture

• MBUK "Centralized club system" (Central House of Culture in Mineralnye Vody)
• MBUK "Centralized Library System" (there are 8 libraries in Mineralnye Vody).
• Children's School of Arts. D. B. Kabalevsky
• Children's art school
• Children's music school

Economy and production

There are over 30 large and medium-sized enterprises and organizations in the city. Of them:

• 3 enterprises specialize in the production of food products (Mineralovodskiy Bakery, Stary Istochnik water company, Don water production and bottling enterprise);
• 3 organizations are engaged in publishing and printing activities (publishing house "Kavkazskaya zdravnitsa", "Mineralovodskaya printing house", printing house "Lotos");
• 1 enterprise produces plastic products (Stavroplast);
• 13 enterprises and organizations produce other products (Mineralovodskiy stone-processing plant; Mineralovodsk branch of OJSC Irkutsk precast concrete plant; enterprises Stavropolsnab, S7 Engineering, Liner, BaT, Askania Aqua, Brewery - KMV "; fur company" Rokar ", confectionery shop" Sweet World ").
• "Aircraft repair plant 411GA"

Transport

Air Transport

In the western part of the city there is an international airport of the 1st class "Mineralnye Vody", from where passenger Transportation by air.

Railway transport

The city has a railway station Mineralnye Vody with railway infrastructure enterprises that are part of the Mineralnye Vody region of the North Caucasus Railway. Mineralnye Vody station is the main passenger station in the resort area of \u200b\u200bCaucasian Mineral Waters.

Automobile transport

Mineralnye Vody is the center of international road transport in. A federal highway passes through the city P217 "Caucasus", as well as regional and local highways.

The city has a bus station "Kavminvodyavto", from where there are regular bus routes (intercity, intermunicipal) to various cities and towns of the Stavropol Territory, subjects of the North Caucasian, Southern Federal Districts and others.

Public transport

Public transport in Mineralnye Vody is represented by low-capacity buses ( route taxis) and private taxis serving city and suburban routes.

Registry of regular bus routes on the territory of the Mineralovodsk urban district:

• Railway No. 1 station - pos. Kumskoy
• Railway No. 2 station - pos. Andzhievsky
• Railway No. 2A station - pos. Andzhievsky (Krasnogvardeyskaya st.)
• Railway No. 3 station - with. Levokumka
• No. 3 A railway station - with. Levokumka
• Railway No. 5 railway station - JSC Stavropol'snab
• No. 5 A railway station - gelatin plant
• Railway No. 6 railway station - ARZ - 5th kilometer
• No. 6 A railway train station - 5th kilometer
• Railway No. 8 railway station - 2nd microdistrict
• Railway No. 11 Railway station - Airport
• Railway No. 13 station - pos. Evdokimovsky
• Railway No. 14 station - pos. Evdokimovsky
• Railway No. 16 station - market
• Railway No. 17 station - x. Red Plowman
• Railway No. 101 railway station - Pionerskaya (Novotersky settlement)
• Railway No. 102 station - pos. Zagorsk
• No. 102 A railway station - microdistrict - pos. Zagorsk
• Railway No. 103 station - x. Renaissance
• No. 104 Bus station - with. Pobegailovka
• Railway No. 105 station - with. Kangly
• No. 106 Bus station - Prikumskoe village
• No. 108 Bus station - with. Civil
• Railway No. 110 station - with. Ulyanovka
• № 111 PATP -dachy channel "Broad" - p. Maryiny Wells
• Railway No. 112 station - x. Slavic
• Railway No. 113 station - with. Maryiny Wells
• No. 113A Bus station - with. Sukhaya Padina - s. Maryiny Wells
• No. 114 Bus station - with. Greek
• No. 115 Bus station - x. Perevalny
• No. 116 Bus station - with. Nagutskoe
• Railway No. 121 station - x. Garden
• No. 121 A railway. station - microdistrict - x. Garden
• Railway No. 122 railway station - Borodynovka settlement
• № 232 Bus station - with. Lower Alexandrovka

Sport

• Popov Vsevolod Maksimovich - karate, multiple champion of Russia and Europe, three times world champion and MSMK.

Religion

Russian Orthodox Church

St. Nicholas Church

• St. Nicholas Church - st. Svoboda, 94. The temple was built in 1950 and consecrated in honor of the Protection of the Mother of God. On November 19, 1997, by order of Metropolitan Gedeon, it was renamed in honor of St. Nicholas (due to the completion of the construction of a new Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God in the city of Mineralnye Vody)
• Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary - st. Pyatigorskaya, 35
• Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary - Shkolnaya st., 2a. The temple was built on the site of a public garden in the courtyard of the Musical College. V.I.Safonov. The square, in turn, was laid out on the site of the Pokrovsky Church destroyed in the 30s of the XX century

Seventh-day Adventist Church

The Seventh-day Adventist Church is located on st. Liberty, 95

Seventh-day Adventist Church

Church of Evangelical Christian Baptists

The Baptist Prayer House is located on the street. Knyshevsky, 67

People associated with the city

• Andryushchenko, Grigory Yakovlevich (1905, the village of Illarionovsky, now the city of Mineralnye Vody - 1943) - Soviet officer, participant in the Civil, Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars. Hero of the Soviet Union, guard colonel
• Anfinogentova, Anna Antonovna (1938, Mineralnye Vody) - economist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Bibik, Alexey Pavlovich - writer
• Gulyanitsky, Aleksey Feodosyevich (1933, Mineralnye Vody) - conductor, People's Artist of Ukraine
• Minakov, Vasily Ivanovich (1921, the village of Illarionovsky, now the city of Mineralnye Vody) - Major General of Aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union. Honorary Citizen of the city of Mineralnye Vody
• Prygunov, Alexander Vasilievich (1907, Mineralnye Vody - 1943) - Hero of the Soviet Union
• Shein, Grigory Andreevich (1926) - participant of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, holder of the Orders of Glory III degree and of the Patriotic War II degree

Monuments

• Mass grave for the red partisans who died in the civil war of 1918-1920.

Monument to V.I.Lenin

• Monument to V.I.Lenin - the intersection of Karl Marx Avenue and the XXII Party Congress. It was installed on November 5, 1960.
• Monument-memorial "Fire of Eternal Glory" to the soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Opened May 9, 1976
• Monument to General Ermolov.
• Monument to tankmen on the Dzhemukha River.
• Monument to the Monk Sergius of Radonezh, erected in December 2014.
• Monument to Peter and Fevronia at the entrance to the local registry office, installed on July 9, 2013.
• Airplane MiG-17

sights

• Museum aviation technology on the territory of the plant number 411 Civil Aviation.

Notes

1. Rosreestr Administration for the Stavropol Territory. Report on the state and use of land in the Stavropol Territory in 2010 (unavailable link)
2. Population by municipalities of the Stavropol Territory as of January 1, 2018 // Site of the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District (North Caucasusstat). - Date of treatment: 04/27/2015.
3. Register of geographic names of objects registered in AGKGN as of 18/11/2011. Stavropol Territory: [architect. 05/12/2017].
4. Mineral Waters // Meotskaya archaeological culture - Mongol-Tatar invasion. - M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2012. - (Big Russian Encyclopedia: [in 35 volumes] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov; 2004-2017, vol. 20). - ISBN 978-5-85270-354-5.
5. Mineralnye Vody // Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Stavropol Territory / E. A. Abulova et al.; ch. ed. : Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor V. A. Shapovalov; Reviewers: Academician of the RAS Yu. A. Polyakov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor O. G. Malysheva. - Stavropol: SSU Publishing House, 2006 .-- 458 p.
6. A.I. Voyekov Vladikavkaz railway // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1892. - T. VIa. - S. 626-627.
7. Investment passport of the city of Mineralnye Vody
8. Collection "Industry of the Stavropol Territory in archival documents (1945-1991)"
9. On the restriction of registration of citizens in the resort cities of Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Yessentuki, Mineralnye Vody and adjacent settlements of the Stavropol Territory
10. Anna Osipova. Terrorists hijacked a plane en route to Yekaterinburg. www.oblgazeta.ru. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
11. Report on the work of the heraldic commission under the governor of the Stavropol Territory for the period 2000-2010. : [arch. 10/27/2016] // Portal of the state authorities of the Stavropol Territory.
12. Minutes No. 32 of the meeting of the heraldic commission under the governor of the Stavropol Territory (March 18, 2015): [arch. 11/01/2016] // Portal of public authorities of the Stavropol Territory.
13. The decision of the Mineralovodsk City Duma of June 23, 2011 No. 116 "On the approval of the program of social and economic development of the city of mineral waters for 2011-2015.": [Arch. 09.09.2018] // iPRAVO.info.
14. Iliadi I. And Mineralnye Vody does not have a coat of arms / I. Iliadi // Vremya: newspaper of the city of Mineralnye Vody and the Mineralnye Vody region. - 2007. - No. 79 (September 29). - S. 3.
15. Iliadi I. Without a coat of arms - as without a name: [ arch. 12 September 2018] // Stavropol truth. - 2008. - No. 248 (November). - S. 2.
16. Coat of arms of your city // Caucasian health resort. - 1965. - No. 135 (July). - S. 2.
17. Once again about the coat of arms of the native city // Caucasian health resort. - 1966. - September 17 (No. 186). - S. 4.
18. Mineralnye Vody (Stavropol Territory) // Geraldicum.ru: official website of the Russian Center for Flagology and Heraldry.
19. Pyatigorsk series: [arch. 05.11.2016] // Heraldik24.ru. - Date of treatment: 12/25/2016.
20. A competition has been announced [for the best sketch of the coat of arms of the city of Mineralnye Vody. Terms of the competition] // Caucasian health resort. - 1971. - January 27 (No. 18). - S. 1.
21. Short I. A city without a coat of arms. Time of Mineral Waters (February 28, 2011).
22. Okhonko N.A. Symbols of a small homeland. - Pyatigorsk: Vestnik Kavkaza, 2007 .-- P. 33 .-- 96 p. - ISBN 5-85714-049-8.
23. [About the stele - the symbol of Mineralnye Vody. The author is the chief architect of the city L. G. Semin] // Kurortny prospect. - 1998. - No. 2 (September 23).
24. The charter of the city of Mineralnye Vody, Mineralnye Vody District, Stavropol Territory of the Russian Federation (adopted by the decision of the Mineralnye Vody City Duma of April 27, 2007 No. 470): [arch. 09/12/2018] // Seven: Russian legal portal.
25. Minutes No. 23 of the meeting of the heraldic commission under the governor of the Stavropol Territory (June 24, 2010): [arch. 11/01/2016] // Portal of state authorities of the Stavropol Territory.
26. Minutes No. 25 of the meeting of the heraldic commission under the governor of the Stavropol Territory (June 30, 2011): [arch. 10/31/2016] // Portal of state authorities of the Stavropol Territory.
27. Decision of the Mineralovodsk City Duma of the Stavropol Territory dated February 25, 2011 No. 80 "On the draft decision of the Mineralnye Vody City Duma" On the establishment of the official symbols of the city of Mineralnye Vody ": [arch. 09/12/2018] // Geraldicum.ru: the official website of the Russian Center for Flagology and Heraldry.
28. Law of the Stavropol Territory of May 28, 2015 No. 51-kz "On the transformation of municipalities that are part of the Mineralovodsky municipal district of the Stavropol Territory (Mineralovodsky territorial municipal formation of the Stavropol Territory), and on the organization of local self-government in the Mineralovodsky district of the Stavropol Territory": [arch ... 09/12/2018] // Official site of the Duma of the Stavropol Territory.
29. Minutes No. 37 of the meeting of the heraldic commission under the governor of the Stavropol Territory (June 28, 2018): [arch. 09/12/2018] // Portal of state authorities of the Stavropol Territory.
30. Materials on the statistics of the Terek District: data from the censuses of 1916, 1917, 1920 and 1923, materials and work of the Bureau for 1920-1924 were used. / Tersk District Statistical Bureau; [foreword M. Sivokon]. - Pyatigorsk: 1st State Printing House, 1925. -, III,, 233, IV p.
31. Mineralnye Vody: [arch. 10/12/2013] // People's encyclopedia "My city". - Date of access: 12.10.2013.
32. Administrative-territorial division of the USSR (as of January 1, 1931): I. RSFSR: [ arch. 19 August 2013] / Central Executive Committee of the USSR, Vseros. CEC. - Moscow: Power of the Soviets, 1931 .-- 191 p.
33. 1959 All-Union Population Census. The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex: [arch. 04/28/2013] // Demoscope Weekly. - Date of treatment: 09/25/2013.
34. 1970 All-Union Population Census The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex: [arch. 04/28/2013] // Demoscope Weekly. - Date of treatment: 09/25/2013.
35. 1979 All-Union Population Census The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex: [arch. 04/28/2013] // Demoscope Weekly. - Date of treatment: 09/25/2013.
36. The national economy of the USSR. 1922-1982: anniversary statistical yearbook: [ arch. 16 Feb 2018] / CSB USSR. - Moscow: Finance and Statistics, 1982 .-- 624 p.
37. The national economy of the USSR for 70 years: anniversary statistical yearbook: [arch. June 28, 2016] / USSR State Committee on Statistics. - Moscow: Finance and Statistics, 1987 .-- 766 p.
38. 1989 All-Union Population Census. Urban population: [arch. 08/22/2011] // Demoscope Weekly.
39. Resident population
40. The population size for each urban and rural settlement of the Stavropol Territory as of the date of VPN-1989 and VPN-2002: [arch. 01/12/2015] // Stavropolstat website. - Date of treatment: 12.01.2015.
41. Cities of the Stavropol Territory (number of inhabitants - estimate as of January 1, 2008, thousand people): [arch. 05/31/2016] // Site of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). - Date of treatment: 05/31/2016.
42. The resident population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009: [arch. 02.01.2014] // Site of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). - Date of treatment: 01/02/2014.
43. Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Total population (including men, women) by municipalities and settlements of the Stavropol Territory: [arch. 04/05/2015] // Site of the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasus Federal District (North Caucasus Statistics). - Date of treatment: 04/05/2015.
44. Estimation of the resident population of the municipalities of the Stavropol Territory as of January 1, 2011 (taking into account the preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)
45. Estimation of the resident population of the municipalities of the Stavropol Territory as of January 1, 2012: [arch. 01/12/2015] // Stavropolstat website. - Date of treatment: 12/26/2017.
46. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M .: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013 .-- 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements). Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
47. Estimation of the resident population of the municipalities of the Stavropol Territory as of January 1, 2014: [arch. 04/02/2014] // Site of the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District (Severo-Kavkazstat). - Date of treatment: 04/02/2014.
48. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015: [arch. 06.08.2015] // Site of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). - Date of treatment: 06.08.2015.
49. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016: [arch. 10.10.2017] // Site of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). - Date of treatment: 04/27/2018.
50. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017: [arch. 07/31/2017] // Site of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). - 2017 .-- July 31. - Date of treatment: 07/31/2017.
51. including the cities of Crimea
52. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018. Table "21. Population of cities and towns by federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2018 ”(RAR-archive (1.0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service.
53. Volume 3. Book 1. Table 6. "Population by nationality and command of the Russian language in urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements of the Stavropol Territory"
54. Calendar of public holidays of the Russian Federation, memorable dates and significant events of the Stavropol Territory for 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2015. Archived January 16, 2015.
55. List of large, medium-sized enterprises and organizations located on the territory of the Mineralovodsk urban district: [arch. 17.07.2017] // Official website of the administration of the Mineralovodsk urban district.
56. Gamayunov K. Multimodal transport and logistics hub - Mineralnye Vody: development concept: [arch. 20.10.2016] // Site of the Russian Institute of Urban Planning and Investment Development "Giprogor".
57. Transport service // Official site of the administration of the Mineralovodsk urban district.
58. Registry of routes for regular passenger traffic in the Mineralovodsk urban district // Official site of the Mineralovodsk urban district administration.
59. Mass grave of the red partisans who died in the civil war of 1918-1920 (unavailable link - history) ... Retrieved August 27, 2012. Archived December 13, 2014.
60. zhzhitel. Museum of aviation technology: there are attractions in Mineralnye Vody !. One Resident's Journal (March 31, 2016). Retrieved March 31, 2016.

Having no sources of healing water on its territory, the city of Mineralnye Vody got its name due to the proximity of the legendary resorts of the Kavminvod region, in which it plays the role of the main transport hub. And not only there - it is strategically important on the scale of the entire North Caucasus due to the presence of an international airport, a junction station of the North Caucasus Railways and the federal highway M-29 "Caucasus".

Mineralnye Vody on the map of Russia is the administrative center of the Mineralnye Vody region, which is located in the south of the Stavropol Territory and belongs to a specially protected resort area. To the south of it is the Foothill Region, where the health resorts of Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk are located, as well as the city of Lermontov. Further to the south, the Caucasian ridge rises. The distance to the regional center along the motorway is about 160 km.

The city was built in the valley of the Kuma River, at the foot of the Zmeyki Mountain, which is almost 1000 m high, and its districts are at different elevations - from 300 to 350 m above sea level. The local mountain landscapes reveal dense forests, meadows, rugged cliffs, old quarries and winding paths between them.

On clear days from the city you can see the gray head, which is 100 km away on the map, but the excursion route there will be more than twice as long.

The climate in Mineralnye Vody is largely determined by the proximity of a large mountain range, which blocks the path of the humid Black Sea air. It is not necessary to count on the uniformity of precipitation, and their annual amount ranges from 300 to 600 mm.

In winter, there are both frosts and rains. Spring comes even before the beginning of March, and soon the air warms up to 25 °, but at times it gets noticeably colder. Summer is hot and dry; starting in the second decade of May, it lasts almost until the end of September. Autumn is warm and comfortable, there is no depressing slush or dampness.

History of origin and development

Upon completion of the construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway in 1875, the new station was named Mineralnye Vody, since it was here that everyone who was going to follow further (on stagecoaches) arrived to rest and receive treatment at the life-giving sources of the Kavminvod.

All transport facilities (station, depot and other facilities) were served then by about half a thousand workers who lived in the alienation strip that stretched along the embankment and roadbed. But there were also those who, having settled nearby, earned money by servicing the railway workers themselves - these are ubiquitous traders, handicraftsmen, etc. Sultan Girey allowed them to occupy a plot of their land.

Soon they began to petition for this territory to be considered a village. This status was received in July 1878, the new settlement was named Sultanovsky. With the development and increase in the intensity of the railway communication, the workers moved to live in the village, and it began to grow.

This process accelerated after the start of production at a glass factory built in 1898. In 1905, the village was renamed to Illarionovsky, in honor of the newly appointed Caucasian governor, who became Count Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov.

Mineralnye Vody railway station has made an invaluable contribution to the development and growth of popularity of the region's resorts. Immediately after its opening, the flow of tourists increased sharply, which forced the further development of these cities and the formation of a worthy medical base in them. The year 1894 also became a kind of milestone in the history of Mineralnye Vody: through this station the trains went further - to the resort towns.

This created a real boom among entrepreneurs who saw tremendous prospects for investing in infrastructure, sanatoriums, hotels, dachas. In this regard, the attendance of the resorts has increased even more, and their fame has stepped abroad.

Caucasian Mineral Waters have firmly taken their niche not only in the sphere of health improvement of Russians of different classes, but also in the social and cultural life of the country. People of creative professions staying there at all times became a source of inspiration for them.

In 1922, the new authorities decided that the railway station and the nearby village should be one administrative unit. As a result, the city of Mineralnye Vody appeared on the map of the young republic. He, as before, was the most important point of the transport infrastructure in the south of the state.

Two years later, a decree was issued on the formation of the Mineralovodsky region, and in 1925 the importance of the city increased even more in connection with the construction of an airport near it. Industry gradually developed: in the late 1920s and early 1930s, enterprises for the extraction of nonmetallic materials and their processing by crushing were opened, later other production facilities appeared.

Almost immediately at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, 18 thousand citizens, including volunteers, went to the front. The enterprises, some of which began to manufacture products for military orders, now employed the elderly, women and adolescents.

In early August 1942, Mineralnye Vody was occupied by the Germans, the commandant's office was located in the station building: this transport hub played an important role in the supply of their units rushing to Baku and Vladikavkaz. By the end of the five-month period of the German "order" in the city, all important economic objects were destroyed, and the depot and the station also did not survive.

In addition, Jewish citizens from all the resort towns of Kavminvod were regularly brought there. The place of mass executions was the vicinity of a glass factory, where there was an anti-tank ditch - the dead were thrown into it. In total, over 10 thousand people were killed.

The beginning of January 1943 brought great joy to Mineralnye Vody - our rifle units and a tank battalion burst into the city with battles, German rule here came to an end. More than 7 thousand have not returned from the war local residents, over 6 thousand people were awarded, 12 citizens became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

The restoration of the city began immediately after the liberation, but it was only in the second half of the 1950s that they were able to finally recover from the damage and begin the massive construction of housing and the expansion of socially significant communications in Mineralnye Vody.

A new station at the railway station appeared in 1955. The growth and development of the city allowed it to become one of the largest cities in the Stavropol Territory.

The desire to increase the health potential of the Kavminvod resorts and, at the same time, concern for the preservation of the unique natural properties of the region became the reasons for the restriction of registration not only in the area where the springs were, but also in the city of Mineralnye Vody, the nearest settlements (1964).

The city met the beginning of the 1980s quite comfortable - this concerned most of its territory; unfolding the construction of multi-storey, including high-rise, residential buildings. In 1984, the development of a mining quarry, which had been going on for more than half a century, was completed, and transport links continued to develop - a new highway was built between Mineralnye Vody and Kislovodsk.

City and modernity

As in the whole country, the 1990s in Mineralnye Vody were remembered for the fact that in different spheres of life everything that was created in the previous decades fell into decay. The reduction in the number of employees, non-payment of wages, the emergence of owners of enterprises and the transfer of property from hand to hand - the same scenario was everywhere, the townspeople survived as best they could.

The July events of 1994 intensified the drama of this period of history: an intercity bus was hijacked by terrorists and 36 of its passengers were taken hostage. During the operation to free them, 4 people were killed.

March 2001 brought a new challenge: in the busiest part of the city (the entrance to the market) it worked explosive device, many people were injured, 26 people were killed. Events in the peaceful city of Mineralnye Vody then shook the whole of Russia.

Today it is still among the largest cities in the Stavropol Territory and not only remains an important transport hub, but also increases its potential in this area. The airport now accepts 20 flights from all parts of our country and 24 international flights.

You can get from Mineralnye Vody to the resort towns by modern highways and electric trains. The local branch of SevKavZhD is in charge of the Kavminvod region, part of the Stavropol Territory and the North Caucasian republics (a total of 20 long-distance and short-distance routes).

Mineralnye Vody today is also a large industrial center with a good investment climate. There are almost a thousand enterprises of various profiles in the city. Of these, the most significant are those related to instrument making, representing the light, food, chemical, woodworking and construction industries.

There are also about 2 thousand entrepreneurs working. The well-known mineral water "Novoterskaya healing" is produced here (it is mined at the Zmeykinskoye deposit, at a depth of up to 1.5 thousand meters).

The city covers an area of \u200b\u200b51.6 square meters. km, its multi-ethnic population has grown to 76 thousand people. As in the administrative center of the region, TV and radio companies operate here, newspapers are published.

Mineralnye Vody is trying to actively develop social infrastructure in order to better meet the needs of citizens in the field of medical care, preschool education, secondary school, special and higher education, intellectual and physical development, and cultural leisure. The southern part of the urban areas was chosen for the implementation of a grandiose project for the construction of the so-called New City.

Culture and attractions

Arriving in Mineralnye Vody, in your free time you can take a walk in the city park, get acquainted with the exhibits of the local history museum and the House-Museum of the writer A.P. Bibik, visit art galleries, concert halls, cinemas, entertainment centers.

If the soul asks to turn to religious values, this will be facilitated by visiting any of the churches (there are several of them here) or the Intercession Cathedral, which is very interesting in terms of architecture.

Built less than 20 years ago, the cathedral has graced the entire city with its presence. The church authorities designated it as a place for storing the relics of St. Theodosius of the Caucasus, who was found in the city of Mineralnye Vody in the last years of his life (1931 - 48), courageously carrying his cross. Believers pray to him for help in healing soul and body.

Several monuments and memorials are dedicated to military valor:

• general A.P. Ermolov, commander of a group of Russian troops during the Caucasian war in the 19th century;
• a mass grave of the Red Army soldiers who died in the Civil War;
• Fire of Eternal Glory, a tribute to the memory of the residents of the city who died in the Great Patriotic War;
• liberators of the city (T-34 tank on a pedestal).

A year after the terrorist attack in the city of Mineralnye Vody, a monument was erected to perpetuate the memory of its victims.

A kind of "face" of the resort region is the monumental building of the station at the railway station. Nearby there is a hard-working steam locomotive that "ran" along the local routes in the 1930s.

Mineralnye Vody is a natural monument of national importance - it is the Snake Mountain, at the foot of which the city is spread. Thanks to the petrified magma, it is interesting for scientists studying the features of volcanic rocks. There are two sources on the mountain - Saint and Saint Theodosius. Tourists make ascents: what to see, there is not only above, but also below - the city will be at a glance.

Mineralnye Vody is a relatively small cozy town in the Stavropol Territory. Despite the name, there are no healing springs in the very administrative center of the Mineralovodsk district; they are all located in neighboring Zheleznovodsk, Lermontov, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki and Kislovodsk. The city serves as a kind of gateway, annually allowing hundreds of thousands of tourists to the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. It is here that the largest transport hub in the region is located - an international airport, a railway junction and a federal highway.

Although many consider Mineralnye Vody as a transit point, the city itself is also of interest from a tourist point of view. Warm and mild climate, stunning nature and mountains rising from all sides - why not a place for rest and relaxation? In addition, you don't have to travel far to get wellness treatments - there are many sanatoriums in the vicinity with healing water from mineral water springs.

How to get to Mineralnye Vody

The city of Mineralnye Vody grew up around the Sultanovskaya railway station, which later became a major junction. Then a large international airport and a bus station were built nearby, so there are no problems in terms of transport accessibility - it is easy to get here from almost any corner of Russia and neighboring countries.

The fastest way for Moscow and St. Petersburg is by plane, although residents of the northern capital have fewer flights and tickets are more expensive. Trains run regularly from both capitals to Mineralnye Vody, but in reality this option is not much more economical, and you will have to spend much more time on the way. Buses arrive at the local bus station from Moscow and many southern cities of Russia.

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Transport

The main public transport is buses and minibuses. Most of them depart from the railway station, the route network covers all areas of the city and nearby villages. The fare is relatively low - about 16 RUB.

The only drawback is that transport runs until 19: 00-20: 00. So, if you plan to stay late somewhere, be prepared to use a taxi. The latter in Mineralnye Vody are represented by several local firms, the tariffs are low in comparison with Moscow ones - travel around the city will cost 50-150 RUB, transfer from the airport - from 150 RUB. There is also an international transfer booking service, but the prices are an order of magnitude higher - from 600 RUB. The prices on the page are for November 2018.

Rent a Car

If you came to Mineralnye Vody for a short time and do not plan to leave the city, then there is probably no point in renting a car. Network public transport covers the entire territory together with the suburbs, buses run often, and travel costs a little. There are taxis with fairly low fares for late walks. If you want to explore the surroundings and other cities of the resort region, it would be more expedient to take a car and not depend on the schedule of electric trains and intercity buses.

Mineralnye Vody is a small city, and there is no such car traffic as in Moscow or St. Petersburg. The traffic is calm, but sometimes there are traffic jams. There shouldn't be any problems with parking - there are several 24-hour parking lots, paid and free. Cost per day in the open area - 100 RUB, in the parking near the airport - 500 RUB.

Most of the companies providing car rental services operate throughout the region, which allows you to take a car in Mineralnye Vody and return it in Pyatigorsk or Essentuki. This opportunity is provided by Urentcar and Autorent-KMV. Most companies, including Avant Car and Auto Dar, accept bank cards for payment. The cost of car rental, depending on the class and rental period, varies from 1000 RUB per day.

Treatment in Mineralnye Vody

The region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters has long been famous for its healing climate and healing natural springs. The first information about them appeared in the 17th century, and in Soviet times this resort was one of the most popular among the residents of our country. And although the springs themselves are located in neighboring cities, there are also many sanatoriums in the vicinity of Mineralnye Vody, offering vacationers various health procedures.

It is worth coming here, even if there are no specific diseases. Mineral and foamy licorice baths, therapeutic mud and the healing climate of this region cleanse the body of toxins and toxins.

Various health resorts treat ulcers and gastritis, diabetes mellitus and obesity, liver, kidney and nervous system diseases. This is far from full list ailments that water from underground sources helps to cope with. Depending on the indications and contraindications, different methods are used - drinking cure, useful baths with mineral water and mud therapy.

Hotels in Mineralnye Vody

When choosing a hotel in Mineralnye Vody, the first step is to decide on the purpose of the trip. The city has both regular hotels and guest houses, and sanatoriums offering various healing procedures... The price per day in the latter is an order of magnitude higher. The cost of accommodation does not greatly depend on the location of the hotel, in the center or on the outskirts, however, budget options it is worth looking closer to the suburbs.

Those who want to save money should pay attention to inexpensive guest houses. A night in a shared female or male room for several people will cost only RUB 500. Prices for accommodation in a double room start from 1000 RUB.

There are three- and four-star hotels in the city, most of them are concentrated in the central part. For a day in a comfortable room with a designer interior and satellite TV, you will have to pay from 2500 to 3000 RUB. It offers bars, restaurants and karaoke, and an entertainment program with animators in the evening.

What to bring

Since rest in Mineralnye Vody is usually associated with healing, something with healing properties is usually taken away from here as souvenirs. First of all, it is worth grabbing a few bottles of healing mineral water from nearby springs. They are not in the city itself, but "Narzans" and "Essentuki" can be found in many shops.

Any water with a therapeutic effect should be drunk with extreme caution. When choosing a present, be sure to familiarize yourself with the composition and properties of different varieties.

Another useful souvenir is Tambukan mud, which is actively used in the treatment of skin diseases and cosmetology. Its source, Lake Tambukan, is located 30 km from the city, so you can collect some silt yourself. If this is not possible, the collected and packaged dirt, as well as cosmetics based on it, are sold in pharmacies and stores of Mineral Waters.

There is also a souvenir in these places that heals not the body, but the soul. The famous Praskoveya cognacs are produced at the winery of the same name, located 100 km from the city, and are considered one of the city's visiting cards.

Cafes and restaurants of Mineralnye Vody

The choice of cafes in Mineralnye Vody is not as great as in the larger tourist regions, however, here you can also find where to have a snack or a delicious dinner. There are several excellent restaurants in the city with a luxurious interior and quality service, the menu includes dishes of Russian, European and Caucasian cuisine. Average check - from 1000 to 2000 RUB.

The most famous among tourists and locals is the Holburg restaurant, located in the building of the castle of the same name. Its main advantages are excellent cuisine, friendly staff and the atmosphere of the Middle Ages.

For a quick and hearty snack, numerous cafes are perfect, where breakfast will cost 300-500 RUB. For pizza and sushi lovers, there are Italian and Japanese restaurants. A special place among the establishments of Mineralnye Vody is occupied by barbecue cafes. It is impossible to imagine Caucasian cuisine without this hot and aromatic dish. Real barbecue is served here at quite reasonable prices - the cost of lunch in most cafes and restaurants in the city does not exceed 700-1000 RUB.

Entertainment and attractions of Mineralnye Vody

You should not perceive the city solely as a transfer station on the way to the resorts of the North Caucasus. Quiet and cozy, it is great for rest and relaxation after the hectic pace of metropolitan areas. In addition, there are interesting natural, historical and architectural sights here, not to mention sanatoriums and hospitals, for the sake of which many people go to these lands.

They say that Mineralnye Vody lacks only the sea: sights, entertainment and even mountains are already there.

Those arriving in Mineralnye Vody by train can begin their acquaintance with the sights without leaving the ticket office. The railway station is one of the most interesting and beautiful historical buildings in the city. It was built at the end of the 50s. last century on the site of an old building.

In front of a semicircle of white columns stands a sculpture of an eagle holding a snake in its claws. The monument illustrates a local legend about how a proud bird managed to heal from a poisonous bite using water from local healing springs.

One of the most interesting natural attractions is the magmatic mountain Snake. It attracts tourists not only with beautiful mountain landscapes and unique flora and fauna. On the slopes there are several holy springs and monuments of the Second World War, as well as adits and quarries. You can often meet amateurs active rest with climbing equipment.

In Mineralnye Vody there are several churches and cathedrals that will be of interest to believers and those who want to get acquainted with the history, culture and architecture of the city. The main religious attraction is the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. Among its shrines are the relics of the Monk Theodosius of the Caucasus, the patron saint of these places.

Of the city's museums, the most interesting is the Museum of Aviation Technology, which displays military and civilian ships. Those wishing to learn more about the history of Mineralnye Vody should visit the Museum of Local Lore.

Weather

It is better to go on vacation to Mineralnye Vody in the second half of summer or in autumn. Although the climate of the city is temperate continental and rather mild at any time of the year, there is a high risk of falling into the rainy season in winter and spring. Summer here begins early, in mid-May, and ends only in September, giving way to cool, but sunny and dry autumn, but in June short but intense showers are not uncommon.

Winter in Mineralnye Vody is warm and rainy; there are practically no severe frosts. During the period of early and short spring, which comes to these regions already in late February - early March, precipitation is highly likely.