Rules for the safe conduct of passengers in public transport. Vehicle Passenger Safety

Anastasia Melnikova, columnist for Russia Today News Agency

"On the way from Murmansk airport to Monchegorsk, the taxi driver who drove me (and it was about five o'clock in the morning) fell asleep at a speed of 110 kilometers per hour. I sat in the back on the right, wearing my seat belt, which saved my life," says director and producer Mikhail Ananyev - That is, a moment - and you are spun in the car with a terrible roar, you only have time to evaluate each new blow and understand that you are still alive. The driver was also wearing his seatbelt and also remained alive. I have a concussion, an eye concussion, spinal cord edema and multiple hematomas, in short - lucky. "

Mikhail was really lucky: when the driver fell asleep, the road turned, the car drove off at high speed into a ditch, but there were no cliffs or lakes around (and there are many of them on the way to Monchegorsk).

The scale of the accident is evidenced by the fact that Mikhail found his backpack with a laptop on the road thirty meters from the car, and the parts were scattered even further.

For the trip, 2,300 rubles out of 2,500 were paid in advance to the taxi company; after the accident, no one from the company taking the order called the injured passenger.

"When I called in the evening myself, they said:" And what have we to do with it? Call the driver, this is his problem. "And only after I threatened a lawyer, they arrived, brought the paid 2300 in advance," Mikhail Ananyev said. "But most of all they were interested in what steps I would take next. The directors of the company, of course," the city is gone now. "

A lawyer in Murmansk will deal with the reimbursement of the passenger's losses, he will have to recover damage for causing minor harm to health, as well as material (the laptop cannot be restored) and moral damage. “As I understand it, they will share responsibility - the driver and the office,” says Mikhail.

This is just one of the many daily accidents on Russian highways. But even in such, far from the most dramatic, road accident, compensation for damage to a passenger depends only on his persistence.

Who and how can protect passengers from unscrupulous, unprofessional drivers and what can those injured in the taxi expect?

What to do for injured passengers

"In case of accidents, the provisions of the Russian legislation on MTPL are triggered. A passenger injured in an accident must be reimbursed by the insurance company of the perpetrator of the accident - this rule also applies to taxi clients. Vladimir Starinsky. - If compensation does not cover all costs, then the victim can apply for additional compensation. As a rule, the claim is addressed to the company in which the driver works. In this case, the company can apply to the driver with the right of recourse. "

However, there are no clearly defined rules for reimbursing damage to passengers, in each case the procedure for compensation is determined by the court.

Big problems arise if the amount of damage exceeds the maximum for OSAGO (500 thousand rubles). Here, according to the expert, the process may be delayed.

It is better to immediately contact the aggregator company through which the client made the order. Disagreements can be quickly resolved out of court if the firm offers the victim adequate compensation.

“There is different judicial practice on the determination of liability in the event of an accident caused by a taxi,” says Stanislav Shvagerus, chairman of the Public Movement TAXI-2018. “For example, there is a ruling of the Khanty-Mansiysk Court of Appeal autonomous region, in which the responsibility for the actions of the driver in the accident (both the taxi driver and the passenger died) was still assigned to a local aggregator. And before that, the court refused to compensate the relatives of the deceased passenger for moral compensation: since the taxi driver died, no payments were expected. "

Taxi drivers versus clients and aggregators

Taxi driver is perhaps one of the most demanded professions in big cities... In demand, but not exactly well paid.

Aggregators are now dumping, introducing tariffs at which it becomes almost more profitable to travel by taxi than by minibus, for example, in the Moscow region. There Yandex.Taxi introduced the minimum cost of a call - 49 rubles. For this amount, the passenger is guaranteed a trip lasting six minutes and a distance of two kilometers (then each next kilometer and additional minute - seven rubles). In Moscow - 99 rubles for four minutes and two kilometers. For those who live not very far from the metro or the train, it is very profitable (and if you get into the car for four, it is generally cheap).

Drivers on professional forums are cursing: how much can you lower rates? You have to constantly "rush" about economy orders, deal with a large number of passengers (and they need to be able to please - so that they give a good rating), at night to serve inadequate customers (which can also spoil the rating with bad ratings and complaints) ...

“I have already vowed to leave on Friday and Saturday evenings or at night. Yes, you get calls more often, but sometimes the passengers are such that you think: they would have left as soon as possible,” said the driver of the comfort class car, Alexander Kuznetsov. cheekily, they swear. After all, when people have drunk, they have no brakes, they do not restrain themselves at all. "

According to Aleksey, now there are professional swindlers among taxi clients. For example, they call a car for a long-distance order, drive to the final point, show their phone - and there is no order in it at all (it is issued on a dummy phone). "Or they will pay, and then they will complain to the dispatcher so much that they charge us the money for the order and lower the rating," says Alexander. "In such cases, unless the video recorder will help."

Passengers have no fewer complaints about drivers: salons are dirty and smell bad, air conditioners do not work in summer (most often - "I was just going to fill it up today"), they don't know the city. But the most important thing is that many of them are forced to work for almost days (no one is tracking this) and can, as in the case of the injured Mikhail Ananyev, fall asleep while driving.

“After the accident in Murmansk, I returned to Moscow, took a taxi to Vnukovo, it was eight in the morning,” says Mikhail. “Suddenly, in the Kutuzovsky area, the driver stops and says: sorry, I need to breathe, I fall asleep, I worked all night. , and the rest of the way made him tell me something. "

It is impossible to trace the work schedule of taxi drivers even with a strong desire: they sometimes work for several aggregators or carrier firms.

Drivers tired of hours-long shifts can also be found on calls for luxury and business class cars. But in such cases, they at least know how to somehow hide it, try to talk to the passenger, can ask standard questions: is the air temperature in the cabin comfortable, which radio to turn on, what preferences on the route.

“Wheely and Gett have quite tough exams in business class and VIP. The profit percentage of aggregators there is about the same,” says Sergey, a Mercedes driver. “One of them has a drill and training of drivers. I was at the exam, 15 people came. , only two passed the exam with me. 50 questions on knowledge of Moscow, about 30 - situational psychological, and then testing with an instructor takes four hours. "

Will the passengers be insured?

The competitive advantage of various aggregators and taxi companies now lies not only in the politeness and appearance of drivers who open the doors, meet them with an umbrella in the rain and help carry their luggage. A hot topic is passenger insurance, a guarantee that if something happens to customers, they can count on adequate compensation.

Insurance is now available (by default) in Wheely's premium aggregator, as well as several taxi companies.

In Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sochi, each Wheely passenger is insured for 2.5 million rubles. The insurance covers all passengers in the car, not just the one who made the order.

Testing of the insurance system has recently started at Yandex.Taxi. Now the passengers of this aggregator are insured for two million rubles, but so far - only on the territory of Kaliningrad, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Samara and Tomsk regions, in the Krasnodar and Krasnoyarsk Territories, as well as in Tatarstan and Chuvashia.

In general, a taxi in Russia remains the only mode of transport that is not covered by the law on compulsory insurance of the carrier's civil liability for harm to the life, health and property of passengers.

"The current law spells out the requirements for a passenger taxi. Now we need requirements for transportation organizers and aggregators," said Stanislav Shvagerus, chairman of the Public Movement TAXI-2018.

Before insurance for taxi passengers becomes compulsory, there are many issues that need to be clarified. For example, who can or should be the policyholder: driver, vehicle owner, taxi fleet owner, or aggregator? How much will the financial burden on taxi carriers increase and how will this affect the cost of travel?

In any case, the introduction of compulsory insurance is likely to discipline the owners of taxi companies and aggregators.

After all, it is unprofitable for insurance companies (and therefore employers of taxi drivers) to deal with temporary workers, illegal or non-professional drivers: the potential losses are too great.

In the Traffic Regulations "Passenger" is: a person, other than a driver, who is in a vehicle, as well as a person who enters or exits a vehicle. It means that a pedestrian becomes a passenger not when he entered the bus or other vehicle, but at the moment when he decided to do this and began to move towards the bus door. Thus, if we use any form of transport, we are passengers.

Many people think: “The rules of the road apply to drivers and pedestrians. And I am a passenger, they are driving me, so the driver is responsible for me. " In fact, safety on the roads also depends on passengers, and there is a section in the Road Traffic Regulations that defines the responsibilities of passengers.

The work of vehicle drivers in big cities and busy highways is very stressful and responsible. And passengers should not create additional difficulties for drivers, distracting them by breaking the rules.

It is important to correctly wait for a bus, trolleybus, tram, taxi. All urban transport moves along certain routes and stops not where the driver or passengers want, but at established points, which are called stops. Therefore, you should wait for public transport while standing at stops indicated by signs, on the sidewalk or roadside, without going out onto the carriageway.

It should be borne in mind that a tram stop is almost always in the middle of the carriageway and passengers have to cross the pavement. Traffic regulations require car drivers to let passengers go to or from a stopped tram. But you still need to be extremely careful and, before going to the tram, you need to look around and make sure that the crossing is safe.

• When a bus, trolleybus or tram approaches the stop, behave calmly - do not fuss, do not push. Approach the door only after a complete stop of transport. Don't stand in front of the doors, let the passengers out.
• Do not enter the transport with ice cream and drinks, Even if the cabin is free, with a sharp push or braking, you risk contaminating other passengers.
• After entering the vehicle, do not linger near the doors and on the site, go to the salon. In the passenger compartment, hold on to the handrails so as not to get bruised during possible hard braking.

• To avoid being trapped by doors, do not try to sit down at the last moment before leaving the bus, trolleybus or tram.
• According to safety requirements, passengers are prohibited from preventing the doors from closing or opening them until the vehicle comes to a complete stop. Most buses and trolleybuses have doors that open automatically from the driver's cab. The driver does not always see what is going on at the doors, if they are held by one of the passengers. The driver, being sure that the doors are closed, sends a bus or trolleybus. As a result, the passenger can be trapped between the door leaves. Do not try to open them yourself: it is very dangerous!

• It is also dangerous to open the doors before the bus or trolleybus stops completely, because passengers can fall out of it on the move.
• Do not lean against the doors: they can open on the go, do not stick your head and hands out the windows.
• Do not stand on protruding parts and steps of vehicles;
• Do not distract the driver by talking while driving.
• When driving, you should not sleep, if possible, you need to monitor the situation on the road.
• If during movement there is a danger of collision of the vehicle with another object, you must take a stable position and firmly grasp the handrails (belts) with your hands; the seated passenger should rest his feet on the floor, and with his hands on the front seat (panel) and tilt his head forward.
• In the event of a collision and inability to stay upright, try to group in the fall and cover your head with your hands, and ideally see the landing site.
• In case of an accident, a trolleybus or tram should only be left by jumping to avoid electric shock.

• Inside trams, trolleybuses, and especially more mobile buses, try to hold onto the handrails in case of emergency braking or stopping. The best fulcrum is the overhead rail.
• It is better to stand facing the direction of the movement in order to be able to notice the danger in advance and have time to react to it. In addition, from this position, during a collision and braking, you will fall face forward, which is much safer than falling on your back.
• In the event of sudden stops and braking, umbrellas, walking sticks, etc. pose a certain threat. objects with sharp and protruding edges.
• It is unsafe to walk in passing vehicles, instead of standing, holding onto the handrails, it is also dangerous to doze off. In these cases, the person simply does not have time to react to the threat and falls before he has time to understand what is happening to him.
• In any by public transport there are inscriptions: "Seats for passengers with children and disabled people." But even if you are sitting in the wrong place, you should still give it up to a disabled person, an elderly person, a woman and just an older person. You should also help an elderly person or a woman with a child, a blind person get off the bus or trolleybus.
• It is necessary to prepare for the exit in advance, if possible, come closer to the doors. After stopping and opening the doors, when passengers begin to get out, do not push or fuss. Older children need to help older passengers, disabled people and toddlers. Small children traveling with adults come out after them.
• Leaving public transport, do not stop in front of the doors, but step aside so as not to interfere with the exit of other passengers.

• Leaving the vehicle, you become a pedestrian again, and, therefore, must again obey the requirements of the rules for pedestrians. Be especially careful if you need to cross to the opposite side of the road: your path is only along the crossing!
• Remember: violating the rules for using public transport, you endanger your life, and the lives of many passengers and passers-by!

If you witness a train accident, call 112.

General safety rules on the train:
In terms of security, the most best places in the train - central carriages, a compartment with an emergency exit-window or located closer to the exit from the carriage, lower shelves. Once you are in the train, find out where the emergency exits and fire extinguishers are located.
Observe the following rules:

... choose seating positions against the movement of the train, because if the hooligans throw a stone at the window, you have a much better chance that it will not hit you;
. when the train is moving, do not open the outer doors, do not stand on the steps or lean out of the windows;
... carefully stow your luggage on the overhead bins;

... do not rip off the stop valve unless absolutely necessary;
... remember that even in the event of a fire, you cannot stop the train on a bridge, in a tunnel and in other places where evacuation is difficult;
... smoke only in designated areas;
... do not carry with you flammable, chemical and explosive substances;
... do not connect household appliances to the wagon power supply;
... if you smell burnt rubber or smoke, immediately contact the conductor;
... settle down (especially at night) in those compartments where there is already someone;
... do not fall asleep if your travel companions make you suspicious;
... remember your fellow travelers: names, signs, terminal stations;
... do not get drunk and do not accept treats from fellow travelers;
... keep the light in the compartment on, even if it interferes with rest;
... do not leave the doors ajar, as this allows you to see what is happening in the compartment from the corridor;
... when you are traveling in a reserved seat carriage, keep your documents or wallet in a safe place, briefcase - close to the wall;
... take the most valuable things (money, keys, documents) with you even to the toilet - in your wallet, belt bag or shoulder bag;
... At intermediate stations, thieves can easily take advantage of the general commotion by running quickly through the car when passengers are leaving, so keep your bag, jacket and personal belongings close to you, do not leave them on the next seat.

How to deal with a railway accident.
In a crash or emergency braking, secure yourself so that you don't fall. To do this, grab the handrails and press your feet against the wall or seat. The safest way is to lower yourself onto the floor of the carriage. After the first blow, do not relax and keep all muscles tense until it is completely clear that there will be no more movement.


Immediately after the accident, quickly get out of the carriage through the door or windows - emergency exits (depending on the situation), as there is a high probability of fire. If necessary, break the compartment window only with heavy improvised objects. When leaving the carriage through the emergency exit, get out only on the field side (where there are no rail tracks) of the railway track, taking with you documents, money, clothes or blankets. In the event of a fire in the carriage, close the windows so that the wind does not fan the flames, and escape the fire into the front carriages. If this is not possible, go to the end of the train, tightly closing all the doors behind you. Before going out into the hallway, prepare breathing protection: hats, scarves, pieces of fabric soaked in water. Remember that in the event of a fire, the material with which the walls of the cars are lined - malminite - emits a toxic gas that is life-threatening.

Once outside, immediately engage in rescue work: if necessary, help the passengers of other compartments break windows, take out the injured, etc.

If fuel spills during an accident, move away from the train to a safe distance. possible fire and explosion.

If the current-carrying wire is cut off and touches the ground, move away from it by jumping or taking short steps to protect yourself from step voltage. The distance over which the electric current spreads along the ground can be from two (dry ground) to 30 m (wet).

Safety rules when staying at railway transport facilities.
Walking on tracks in unspecified places is the most common violation in railway transport. But it is known that the unexpected appearance of a person on the tracks or under a standing train can lead to an accident and disruption of movement. The drivers of the Moscow road have vast experience and are thoroughly instructed in case of emergencies, but even their professionalism and automatic response cannot make a multi-ton train stop in a split second.

The braking distance of the train varies from 33 to 1000 m, instant stopping is impossible. Therefore, it is recommended to cross the tracks only in specially designated places, always at right angles to the direction of the tracks, without stepping on the rail head, so as not to slip or fall. A turnout switch is a place prohibited for crossing, it is impossible for an uninformed person to predict the mode of operation of the arrow. When crossing tracks, in no case should you move onto the railroad track immediately after the train has passed: it is important to make sure that there is no oncoming train, for which you need to wait until the tail car of the train moves out of sight.
A person caught between moving trains risks doubly: the force of the air flow created by the trains reaches 16 tons. It seems that not a single sane person will want to get into such a vice.
Stationary cars are motionless only at first glance. It is impossible to approach them closer than 5 meters - any carriage at the station is in operation, so it can start moving at any minute. It is strictly forbidden to be under a standing or, moreover, a moving rolling stock. The railway workers themselves never do this.
According to statistics, there are frequent cases with people walking parallel to the railway tracks. If a person cannot avoid following the track, then it is unacceptable to go on the track of the passing direction: being distracted only by the oncoming train, a person may not hear the signals of the one following the passing train.
There are certain rules of conduct on the station territory, violation of which is extremely dangerous:
It is not allowed to step over the boundary line on the platform until boarding a standing carriage, and jumping from the platform or climbing onto it from the tracks is very risky.

When boarding an electric train, a passenger must be aware that forced opening of entrance doors, passage through doors at the moment of their automatic opening or closing are unacceptable, because the compression pressure of the doors is equivalent to 8 atmospheres, and falling from a train moving at high speed is "incompatible with life." It is just as dangerous and just as unacceptable to lean out of the carriage windows.

A special conversation concerns the contact network. The voltage in the wires is extremely high: from 3.5 to 27,500 volts (for comparison: at home in the wiring - 220 volts). Severe burns from the contact wire can occur at a distance of less than 2 meters.

Transport children only in child restraints.

Traffic rules establish that: “Transportation of children is allowed provided their safety is ensured, taking into account the design features of the vehicle. The transportation of children under 12 years of age in vehicles equipped with seat belts must be carried out using child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using the seat belts provided by the vehicle design, and in the front seat a car - only with the use of child restraints ”(clause 22.9 of the Road Traffic Regulations).

Be sure to buckle up.

Both the driver and passengers must use seat belts... A simple example: if a person is not wearing their seatbelt, a collision at a speed of only 50 km / h is equivalent to falling from the third floor. The belt reduces this speed to 7 km / h.
The driver must insist that all passengers fasten their seat belts: both the one sitting in the front seat and those sitting in the rear seats. Because an unfastened rear-seat passenger endangers not only himself, but other passengers as well. It should be understood that the belt protects not only in frontal collisions of vehicles, but also in other types of accidents, for example, when overturning. Staying in place in the cabin in an accident is in many ways to stay alive. After all, 75 percent of those who are thrown out of the car die. In general, using a belt reduces the risk of death or serious injury.

The belt must be fastened correctly.

The belt, besides the fact that it must be fastened, must be fastened correctly. That's right - it's like this: the belt is located along the chest, closer to the neck. This is important because the shoulder and chest portions of the body take over the bulk of the impact force. The lower part of the strap supports the pelvis, not the abdomen, so the strap should wrap around the thighs. After fastening the belt, be sure to tighten it. The belt should be positioned as close to the body as possible.

The first step towards reducing road traffic injuries and deaths must be taken by ourselves. Buckle up yourself, seat the child in a correctly installed child seat. The use of seat belts several times reduces the severity of the consequences of an accident and saves from serious injuries. In a collision at high speed, the unfastened driver first throws his chest on the steering wheel, and in the next fractions of a second - his head into the windshield. When hitting the steering wheel, the usual consequences are trauma to the chest, often with fractures of the ribs and sternum, not to mention extensive hematomas ... But this is not the worst thing. There is a considerable risk of getting a bruise of the lungs, worse than that - a bruise of the heart, which doctors equate with myocardial infarction. It can be fatal, and not immediately, but several months after the accident. In addition, it is possible that a blow to the lower part of the steering wheel, hitting the solar plexus, will cause instant reflex cardiac arrest. Unfastened drivers and passengers thrown by the force of inertia into the windshield suffer no less terribly. The characteristic "cobwebs" remain on the glass in places of collision - approximately the same effect will be if you hit it with a hammer. You can imagine how much worse the head gets. At least - a concussion and hematomas, but most often such accidents result in open or closed craniocerebral trauma, damage to the eyes and hearing organs, and severe cuts on the face. The consequences are even more serious when people sitting in a car during an accident are thrown through the windshield onto the hood.

It is enough to buckle up - and in many cases you can avoid serious harm to your health.