Chita region located on southeast Siberia, occupying an important geopolitical position. The area has state border with two states at once China And Mongolia, with a length of almost 2 thousand kilometers. The main routes pass through the Chita region transport arteries to the eastern borders of our country: Transsib, highway "Chita Khabarovsk". About 70% of dry cargo transportation between Russia and China is carried out through the border village of Zabaikalsk.
Hills, steppe, taiga: Transbaikalia
inaccessible taiga and dull swampy mari, mountains with glaciers and steppes with rich herbs, mountain rivers and picturesque lakes
Transbaikalia , including its significant part occupied Chita region and located within its borders Aginsky Buryatsky Autonomous Okrug , belongs to the category of special territories of our country and the planet as a whole. This is due, first of all, to his geographical location in the center of Eurasia, complex and long geological history, which led to the widest variety of natural landscape complexes, rich ore-bearing provinces and innumerable natural resources.- Transbaikalia is beyond Baikal,
This is where the hills and taiga are.
This is where there is snow on the passes,
Where the blizzard rages in winter.
Transbaikalia sharp frosts,
The ground is covered in frost and snow.
In fur coats of snowy pine and birch,
The fields sleep under the cover of snow.
Here spring paints the hills with bagul,
There are hazy clouds in the blue sky,
And in the taiga there are barely visible paths
They will lead to crystal springs.
Everything here is taken with heroic measure
The expanse of fields, valleys, lakes,
And the hilly, vast steppes,
Clean rivers, magnificent mountains.
L. Vavilova
In terms of the number of unique mineral springs, the Chita region is ahead of many regions of Russia
Transbaikalia taiga region. Combination of harsh climate with beauty mountain taiga , blooming steppes , green meadows, intermountain depressions , unique snow-covered landscapes mountains against the backdrop of an always high blue sky, with an abundance of mountain rivers and blue lakes creates an unusually attractive natural environment. Here you can find everything that Russia is rich in: hard-to-reach taiga and dull swampy mari, mountains with glaciers and steppes with rich herbs, mountain rivers and picturesque lakes, unique mineral springs .
In terms of the number of mineral springs, the Chita region is ahead of many regions of Russia. Their abundance is associated with the characteristics geological structure and the activity of endogenous processes occurring in the region. On the base 7 sources act resorts: “Darasun”, “Kuka”, “Molokovka”, “Shivanda”, “Yamarovka”, “Yamkun”, “Urguchan” .
Mineral resource base The Chita region is unique. In the Kalarsky district in the north of the region, several deposits of global scale are concentrated in a relatively small area: almost all of them are the largest in the world. Here About 300 deposits have been accounted for, 18 have been explored.
Half of the Transbaikal relief is occupied by mountains more than 1000 meters high. There are practically no lowlands on the map of the region, but there are rolling fertile plains . Mountain ranges Transbaikalians call hills , A intermountain valleys honeydews . The tops and slopes of the ridges are occupied by cedar. Transbaikal birch grows on the edges of the forest. Majestic Apple Ridge , which translated from Buryat means "pass", approaches with its spurs a huge plain, in which, like in a saucer, it is located regional center Chita with its surroundings and suburbs.
- Let others interpret whether this is true or not?
Just, no matter what happens to me,
I am firmly convinced: Chita is the one
With whom my heart has long been close.
There are famous cities on the planet,
Cities, anywhere.
Let the years pass
Like your waves, Ingoda.
But I can’t get away from Chita.
Never ever.
Like the dawn over Russia, she is young.
Like the wife of a Decembrist, she is proud.
We know Chita how many winters, how many years!
Will I go east or west?
Everything will seem to me: coming after
The bagool has an infused smell.
I don't believe in oaths that are taken in the heat of the moment,
Getting used to cities is not easy.
Just how to forget those friends you met
At your native Chita crossroads?
Yu. Goldman “Song about Chita”
“Chitinka” is the Chita River. A diminutive nickname was given to this left tributary of the Ingoda local residents. Its waters are inhabited by taimen, lenok, grayling, burbot, minnow, gudgeon . Spring comes Amur ide , lovingly called “chebachok” by local fishermen. There is a variety of small spotted catfish , sometimes it comes across goose horse , related to the ichthyofauna of China.
Cool places
For the majority of residents of the European part of Russia "Transbaikalia" sounds almost like "Through the Looking Glass" the country is incomprehensible and, by and large, unexplored. Marvelous rivers, streams, side streams, springs This region is famous, and everyone has their own characters. Sometimes their waters are quiet and soft, sometimes they ring iridescently with their crystal streams, sometimes they rush with some kind of frenzy, stubborn and undaunted, sometimes they entice with their charm and mystery. Vitim, Ingoda, Onon, Shilka, Argun, Olenek, Selenga, Khilok, Chikoy, Menza It’s impossible to count them all, because they have no number.For Transbaikalia fishermen, the word Chikoy sounds like an alarm bell. Still would! There are taimen, lenok, burbot, grayling, whitefish
, many other equally attractive fish. And fishing in the middle of nowhere, from the ice, on the deserted upper reaches of Chikoy, fabulously rich in animals and fish, is a special conversation about this. southeast Chita region, not far from the Mongolian border, near the Burun-Shibertuy char, considered the crown of the Chikoy highlands, and, gaining strength, “rushes with a roar among stones, stunted birch and mosses, in a hurry to treat distant Baikal with melted snow”, as a Chita resident wrote about her Nikolay Yankov
. In the upper reaches, the river makes a bend, bends around the spurs of the Malkhansky ridge from the south, and near the village of Baykhor, Krasnochikoysky district, it is joined by the legendary Menza, which in turn is replenished with water from the fabulously fishy side river Burkel. Then the Chikoya channel passes on the border with Mongolia and near the Buryat village of Bolshoi Kudar it turns northwest to join the waters of the Selenga south of Novoselenginsk.
The dream of every fisherman in the Chita region is to go fishing in the upper reaches of Chicoy, which is conventionally divided into crowded and deserted. In the first case, we mean the section of the right bank where typical Transbaikal settlements are located: Menza, Baykhor, Krasny Chikoy, Cheremkhovo, Bolshakovka, Zakharovka, Osinovka, Shimbelik, Ust-Yamarovka and others; in the second, the countdown to the deserted upper reaches of the Chikoy is usually taken from the village of Povarnya, which is 4 km southeast of Yadrikhin, the last inhabited settlement adjacent to the river. From here begins the real, complete desertion no dog barking, no rooster crowing, ringing silence.
Among the regulars of river pits and reaches, there are expressions that only they understand: “Yesterday morning we were on the “pipe” empty”. Or: “We stopped at “Ugdan”, then at “Rucheyki” - nothing, but at “Avdeya” I got good results “on top”. Expressions "Streams" or "Avdey" this geographical references to the river, and here "on top" or "down" pure fishing terminology. “On top” refers to all types of riding gear and bait. "Ship" which is called here "sleigh", equipped with dry riding or wet diving flies. Or pseudo-fly fishing, that is, a rod that has a reel in its setup, a heavy float “carrot” and four or five riding flies. Sometimes this tackle is simplified. The “carrot” is removed and only one dry “fly” is left. They fish with such gear “on top” or slightly submerging the bait.
Transbaikal nature
Almost a third of the region's territory is occupied by icy northern ridges. The top of one of them (at b> Kodar ridge) reaches 3072 m.Zone permafrost, glacial lakes, extinct volcanoes, canyon-shaped valleys, deep gorges, peat bogs, swamps and mari, sharp peaks of ridges covered with dark larch forest all this creates a magnificent, unique flavor of the Transbaikal north.
Diverse topography gives rise to different rivers. Flowing among the ridges swift and abundant rapids And riffles. Calm rivers flow in the valleys, such as the muddy yellow Argun , or shipping Shilka . Many rivers turn into roads in winter, or "winter roads", as the Transbaikal residents call them. In remote taiga northern villages, except by helicopter, cargo can only be delivered through freezing conditions Tungira And Olekma .
The fauna of the Chita region includes 500 species vertebrates, of which more than 80 mammals . The area is rich commercial fur-bearing animal (about 25 species): wolverine, red and black fox, corsac fox, badger, muskrat, hare, otter. Among ungulates ranks first in terms of numbers roe, then wild boar, elk, wapiti. World birds totals more than 350 species. Found in the forests black grouse, wood grouse, hazel grouse. On the lakes mallards, ducks, mergansers, geese, gray swans. In Transbaikal reservoirs more than 60 types fish . The northern lakes are home to a delicacy whitefish.
On the territory of the region about 15 thousand lakes
In 1994, in the border areas of the Chita region, a international reserve "Dauria". Located almost in the center of the Daurian steppe ecoregion, included by the World Wide Fund wildlife Among the 200 ecoregions of the world that are globally significant for the preservation of life on Earth, the international reserve has become a leading center for the study and conservation of the nature of Dauria. This corner of Asia is filled with a unique smell Daurian steppe the cradle of nomads and the homeland of the formidable Genghis Khan.
Dauria historical, geographical area in Eastern Transbaikalia and partly in Amur region. Daurian Land Russian name for the Amur region in the 17th century, after the 17th century the name Dauria was preserved in physical geography Transbaikalia. Pribaikalskaya Dauria occupies the territory from Lake Baikal to Apple Ridge, Nerchinskaya Dauria located east of Apple Ridge, A Selenga Dauria in the pool Selenga River. The name Dauria comes from the name of the people Dauras, or dahurs, who lived in the 17th century in Eastern Transbaikalia and along the Amur. It is believed that the Daurs are Mongolized Tungus. The first news about Daurs in Russian sources appeared in 1641: “up the Vitim and to the Yarovnya (Eravna) lake on both sides of the Vitim river, many Daurian horsemen”
The pine forest in the Onon district of Tsirik-Narasun has been declared a natural monument
Flora The Dauria Nature Reserve presents a variety of plant species. They are known here about 1800 species. Over 70% of the region's forests are larch. It is both the main building material and the main decoration of the landscape. The pine forest in the Onon district of Tsirik-Narasun (translated from Buryat as “pine army”) has been declared a natural monument. The age of these pines is 400 years. Dauria greets you with the joyful blue of its skies, the gentle outlines of the mountains and the colorful blanket of their steppe and meadow grasses. Under the ledge of a high terrace Nerch River a small one is hiding elm grove from elm squat. Elms in Dauria this relics eras with a milder climate. Many species are found under the canopy of elms herbs . So many wormwood. So many Red Book entries lady's slippers, how in Gazimur-Budyumkan Dauria , is not found anywhere. Even in the nature reserves of the Primorsky Territory there is not such an abundance of lady's slippers.It is in this reserve that there are particularly significant or key nesting and migratory stopover sites for more than 20 species birds , included in the IUCN Red List as globally vulnerable. In general, in Dauria there are several tens of millions of migratory birds of more than 350 species. The Daurian ecoregion is of key importance for the conservation gazelle the only wild antelope in northeast Asia, more than 90% of the population of which also lives here. In Dauria, large steppe areas are well preserved, densely dotted with many lakes of different sizes.
The Argun region is a unique and mysterious country, located on southeast Chita region. Main water artery territory border with China (740 km) Argun River With tributaries Urulyungui, Srednyaya Borzya, Kalga, Urov, Uryumkan And Gazimur . The Argun originates in Manchuria, where it is called Hailar. In the middle course, the river's floodplain reaches two to three kilometers, and the river itself is divided into numerous branches, separated by many islands covered with willow and tall grass. In summer there is a variety of waterfowl here. Below the Urov River, the Arguni Valley is a wide forested lowland. And only not far from the mouth, the spurs of the Khingan from the south and the spurs of the Nerchi ridge from the north compress the bed of the Argun, and it flows in steep steep banks. In the valley of the Urulyungui River at the mouth of Khirkhira, not far from Ust-Tasurkai village ruins are located Khirkhirin ancient Mongol city military-administrative center, residence of the Mongolian feudal lord, noble ruler Chinggisid Jochi-Kasar. A road passes through the territory of the city, running along the left bank of the Urulyunguy. The city consists of the remains of a palace, a number of fortified estates of the nobility, representatives of the aristocracy, and many ruins of houses of ordinary townspeople - artisans and merchants. During the excavation of a palace covered with gray tiles and a floor lined with gray bricks, dishes of ancient Mongolian origin were found, similar to the dishes of the Karakorum headquarters of the Mongol feudal lords. The discs of the upper roof tiles are decorated with a relief design reminiscent of a beetle.
In the old days Argun mounted Cossacks of the villages of Duroya, Kailasutuya And Abagaituya , according to old-timers, recorded in 1876 by one of the visiting trading people "lived happily ever after". They were doing arable farming And livestock farming, bred bees. The poorest Cossack had at least ten heads of cattle, but Argun was the main wet nurse. There was plenty of fish that were speared, as were birds. The fish was taken to the surrounding villages by foot Cossacks or to the Nerchinsky and Aleksandrovsky Factories and exchanged for bread and goods with great profit.
The village of Old Tsurukhaituy is called the most beautiful and one of the oldest Russian villages not only in the Argunsky region, but also in the entire Eastern Transbaikalia
Majority Priargunya village antique. Their names also attract with their mystery and unusualness: Byrka, Zorgol, Mankechur, Dosatui, Klichka and others. Each of them has its own rich history, for example Nickname. In 1828, the Decembrist Ivan Sukhinov, exiled to Gorny Zerentui, tried to organize a conspiracy that involved inmates of the prison at the Klitschkinsky mine. The plot was discovered because a traitor was among the rebels. Located on the Argun River border village of Old Tsurukhaituy is called the most beautiful and one of the oldest Russian villages not only in the Argunsky region, but also in the entire Eastern Transbaikalia. It was founded as a border guard by Savva Raguzinsky, who concluded the Treaty of Burin with China in 1728. In the summer of the same year, border commissioner Burtsev signed a treaty with the Chinese side on the election of Tsurukhaituy as a place for border trading. Tsurukhaituy translated from the local dialect means "pike place". The village was named so because in the old days the Argun, which washes the picturesque high bank of the village, was unusually rich in fish.
In the territory Kalarsky district one of the attractions is located Chara Basin sand massif Chara Sands, stretching from southwest to northeast in the direction of the prevailing winds for 10.5 km with a width of up to 4 km. There are no such large accumulations of loose moving sands in any basin of Transbaikalia.
Here in the Kalar region, in a small intermountain depression, is the Chepe volcano. The extinct volcanoes of Udokan were discovered by Irkutsk geologist V.P. Solonenko in 1961. At the foot of the Chepe volcano there are exits mineral springs , of which the most interesting Golden Cascade . Its waters, flowing down a stepped bed, deposit bright golden-yellow ocher. In some places the thickness of its layers reaches 1 m. On a sunny day, the water of the spring flowing down the ocher bed creates the impression of a golden cascade.
In the territory Chita district, V valley of the Chita river located Avdeisky Bulgunnyakh. Bulgunnyakh is the Yakut name for large swelling mounds of hydrolaccoliths, which arise during the freezing of lake basins with drained or peat-filled lakes located in closed depressions in areas of permafrost development. The core of the hydrolaccolith consists of frozen soil interlayered with ice, 45 m high and with a base diameter of 100 m.
On left bank of the Daya River, V 2 km from the Shivia Daya highway located the only thing on Russian territory locality of remains of various Early Cretaceous insects (linceus, shieldweed, anostraca ) unique preservation. Among them are representatives of the biota of ephemeral water bodies. Various sediments are exposed in the coastal cliff.
Within Aginsko-Buryatsky district on Borschovochny ridge Golets Alkhanai is located. He is ancient stratovolcano . Its height is 1663 m. There are many interesting weathering forms, among which the rocky outcrop in the form of a gate is especially famous. The char has an exit cold mineral springs Dimchik-god And Nine gutters.
Sokhondinsky Nature Reserve is a standard unique nature Southern Transbaikalia
Sokhondinsky Reserve pearl of the Transbaikal region. It is located in the south of the Chita region and is a model of the unique nature of Southern Transbaikalia. The uniqueness of the reserve lies primarily in diversity his landscapes . Here, in a relatively small area, the characteristics of Transbaikalia are concentrated. steppe, taiga, mountain tundra, transzonal (meadows, swamps, lakes, etc.) communities. The area around the reserve is busy steppe areas . When climbing mountains, different types forests replace each other. Birch, pine, larch, fir, Siberian cedar And cedar dwarf form the diversity of the forest belt. There are 135 species here lichens.The highest altitudes above sea level are reached char Greater Sokhondo (2,505 m) and Small Sokhondo (2,404 m). The name of the char and the reserve probably comes from Evenki or Buryat languages, in which the words "soho" or "choco" matter "top, head". Therefore it is not surprising that highest peak in this mountain range received this name. The snow that falls in the winter melts slowly, so in the mountains even in the second half of summer you can find unmelted white fields - snowfields. Here, in the highlands, traces of the activity of former glaciers are clearly visible: moraine ridges (accumulations of loose material accumulated by glaciers during their movement and plowing out of the bed), cirques (or “circuses” - bowl-shaped depressions in the upper part of the mountains (above the snow line), formed under impact of glaciers, snowfields and frost weathering), lakes of glacial origin.
Especially picturesque Bakukun Lake , which has become "calling card" reserve. It is located at an altitude of 1892 m above sea level. Overhanging the shores of the lake are the steep, vegetation-free walls of a canopy that was once formed by a glacier. The height of the walls is more than 500 m. The lake, like a dam, is dammed with a moraine rampart. Lives in the icy waters of Lake Bakukun lenok. This is a rare case for a typical river fish to settle in a lake.
Vegetation and animal world The reserve is extremely diverse. This is due, first of all, to the mountainous terrain of the territory, due to which here, at a short distance from each other, they can be encountered steppe, forest And alpine plant species And animals. In the Sokhondinsky Nature Reserve you can find many alpine plants. Among them, a significant part are picturesque, beautifully flowering species, giving a special beauty to the alpine meadows of the subalpine and alpine areas.
Sokhondo a reference area of the southern Siberian taiga, the biodiversity of which is practically unaffected by humans
At first glance, the fauna of the Sokhondinsky Nature Reserve does not stand out as anything special. For example, many animals common in Transbaikalia are protected on its territory: fox, sable, ermine, weasel, Brown bear, Siberian roe deer, Siberian musk deer, wild boar, squirrel, white hare, capercaillie, hazel grouse, nutcracker. However, the uniqueness of this place is that Sokhondo is one of the few reference areas of the southern Siberian taiga, the biodiversity of which is practically unaffected by humans. It is no coincidence that in 1985 the reserve received the status biosphere (UNESCO biosphere reserve
), which emphasizes the importance of the territory for the conservation and research of the state of the biosphere of our planet as a whole.
In addition, the importance of the Sokhonda taiga lies in the fact that many Transbaikal rivers. Passes through the reserve section of the Great World Divide, on which rivers originate, belonging to basins of the Pacific And Arctic Oceans: Ingoda, Onon tributaries
And Chicoya
.
923 species and subspecies have been recorded on the territory of the reserve and its environs higher vascular plants
, 8 types fish
, 3 amphibians
, 4 reptiles
, 257 species birds
and 67 species mammals
. Over 2,300 species have also been recorded insects
And arachnids
.
In the nature reserve taken under protection
71 species of plants, fungi and lichens, 10 species of mammals, 36 species of birds and 17 species of insects listed in the Red Book of the Chita Region and Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, 29 species of mammals and birds (including white-tailed eagle, white-naped crane , black demoiselle crane, black stork, kloktun, greater spotted eagle, imperial eagle, golden eagle, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, eagle owl) are protected at the international or all-Russian level.
Transbaikalia unknown land
European civilization learned about Transbaikalia only in the second half of the 17th century. Russian Europeans called everything that lay beyond the Urals Eastern Tartary. From here, from the Onon River, Genghis Khan's great campaign of conquest into Europe began. In 1650, a detachment of Cossacks led by Erofei Khabarov, moving against the flow of Olekma and Tungir, reached places slightly below the confluence of the Arguni and Shilka rivers. The Russians named the unknown country Dauria named after the tribes that have lived here for a long time Daurs . In the fall of 1653, the leader of the Cossack detachment, Pyotr Beketov, sent from Yeniseisk with the Tsar’s decree, built the Irgen and Nerchinsky forts here. Thus, Russian statehood was established in Eastern Transbaikalia, and the huge region became part of Great Rus'. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Daurian land was already quite populated, and its borders were more extensive. In 1851, by the Highest Decree of Emperor Nicholas I, the Trans-Baikal region was created, and the town of Chita was elevated to the status of a regional city. In 1918, after the establishment of Soviet power, the region was renamed the Transbaikal province. In 1920, the Far Eastern Republic was formed with its capital in Chita. Since 1922, the territory of Eastern Transbaikalia has changed its status. Her new story began on September 26, 1937, when the Chita region was established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee as part of the RSFSR.The first geographical ideas about Transbaikalia Europeans received from travelers who visited Central Asia in the 7th and 15th centuries. The Europeans needed to know what danger threatened them from the east. The colonization of Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries enriched regional studies with knowledge about peoples and their settlement, about natural resources, about communication routes and obstacles on them, about settlement conditions and much more. Information about the areas of new settlement in Transbaikalia was concentrated in the Yenisei, Yakut and Nerchinsk governors, as well as in the Siberian order in Moscow. The pinnacle of the geography of East Asia was the works of the ambassador to China N. G. Spafaria, published later in the book “Siberia and China.”
Spafariy (Milescu) Nikolai Gavrilovich (16351709) Russian diplomat . “A book, and in it is written a journey through the kingdom of Siberia from the city of Tobolsk to the turn of the Chinese summer 7183, the Mayan month on the 3rd day. And this book was written when, by decree of the Great Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich, the autocrat of all Great and Lesser and White Russia, Nikolai Spafari was released from Moscow to the Chinese state.”. This was the name of the book of the Moldavian writer Nikolai Milescu (Spa-faria), a traveler, scientist who accepted Russian citizenship in 1673, in the “Article List” called by the Russian name Nikolai Gavrilovich. In 1675–1678, Spafariy carried out a diplomatic mission in China as an envoy of the Russian Tsar. Spafaria's embassy included 150 people. The guides were local Cossacks who knew the route well. The ambassador described in detail the areas, rivers, rivulets, and people’s occupations ( “they hunt for sables and there are no better sables”), forts encountered along the way. “We drove through great and forested ridges, and then through the steppe, and came to the small Chita River and spent the night by that river. And the Chita River flows out of the stone mountains and flows into the Ingoda River"
Comprehensive studying the population of Transbaikalia And environment were engaged expeditions of 17681772 by Peter Pallas and Georgi , organized by the Academy of Sciences. At this time, they were first organized meteorological observations at the Nerchinsk plant, geodetic surveys, collection of extensive collections of rocks and minerals, plants and animals, household and religious objects, handwritten documents, the first dictionaries were compiled. In the middle of the 19th century geographical studies The General Staff began to get involved (Transbaikal expedition, 1849-1952). Together with the Geographical Society in 1855-1859. he carried out mapping of vast territories of Transbaikalia and Far East. Participation in the expedition by naturalist G.I. Radde and other scientists gave it a complex character. G.I. Radde was the first to describe altitudinal zonation in the mountains. “Map of the Transbaikal region of the Kyakhta city government” , compiled in 1855 Colonel A.I. Zaborinsky , reflected ideas about the position of rivers, lakes, mountain peaks, roads, settlements, etc. in relation to parallels and meridians.
Buryats one of the most numerous nationalities inhabiting the territory of Transbaikalia. The formation of the Buryat people as a whole can be represented as the result of the development and unification of diverse ethnic groups living in the Baikal region for a long time. The first groups of Mongol-speaking tribes in this region appeared in the 11th century. The tribes moved freely from Lake Baikal to the Gobi Desert. Only with the establishment of the Russian-Chinese border in 1727 did this movement stop, and conditions appeared for the formation of the Buryat nation. Many researchers agree that the process of formation and consolidation of the Buryat people began in the 17th century. This is confirmed by archaeological and ethnographic data, according to which it is established that by the XVII-XVIII centuries. Most of the indigenous tribes of the Baikal region became part of the formed nationality - the Buryats. According to the very first known Buryat chronicles “Balzhan Khatanai Tukhai Durdalga” in 1648, the Buryats agreed to accept citizenship of the Russian state.
Tungus ( self-names Evenks, Orochons) constitute the most representative ethnic community among the small peoples of Siberia and the Far East. Their settlement area occupies a gigantic territory from the left bank of the Yenisei River in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. The Evenks speak local dialects of the Evenki language, which belongs to the Tungus-Manchu group of the Altai language family. At the beginning of the twentieth century, many Evenks in the south of Transbaikalia already called themselves Buryats, considering Buryat their native language. Unlike southern regions, in the north of Transbaikalia, the indigenous population was more isolated from Russian and Buryat influence, which led to the preservation of cultural continuity. For the Kalar and Tungir-Olekmin groups of Evenks, hunting and reindeer herding remained traditional forms of economic management. Unlike the Tungokochen and Bauntovskys located to the south, who were partly engaged in gold mining, the Evenks of the north of Transbaikalia retained traditional forms of economic management.
Land of contrasts
Transbaikalia is a unique land of amazing contrasts and surprises. Is here and Rocky Mountains, And powerful ridges, along the slopes overgrown with magnificent Siberian taiga, And endless feather grass steppes. The greatness and wealth of vast Russia is especially noticeable among these endless expanses and boundless seas taiga , spread out under the eternal blue sky. No wonder Anton Pavlovich Chekhov , driving through Transbaikalia, in their travel notes wrote: “in Transbaikalia I found everything I wanted: the Caucasus, and the Psla Valley, and the Zvenigorod district, and the Don. During the day you gallop across the Caucasus, at night along the Don steppe, and in the morning you wake up from your slumber, looking like Poltava province and so on for the whole thousand miles. Transbaikalia is magnificent. This is a mixture of Switzerland, Don and Finland. Generally speaking, Siberian poetry begins from Baikal, but before Baikal there was prose.”. These words perfectly express the impression of Transbaikalia as a collective image of Russia. Her entire natural map came together here.There is an amazing place north of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Mountains. Taiga. Permafrost. And desert island. Dunes of yellow sand. They move inexorably along the Chara Valley, crushing the forest under them. There are also real oases in this desert with lakes with clear water, the banks of which are overgrown with trees. Where did the desert come from among the mountains and taiga? Here's how he talks about it legend .
- “That spring, Kodar woke up hard, painfully. During the day he would take off his fur coat, warm up under the May sun, and at night the northern blizzards would fly in and whiten the mountain tops again. And again Kodar plunges into his blissful sleep. And only in the middle of the month, when mountain rivers rushed through the gorges with a wild roar, on the slopes of the ridges the bagul blazed with a pink fire and the snowdrop turned blue, he finally woke up. At this time, a storm was born in the south of Mongolia in the Gobi Desert. A sand cloud rose into the sky along black strands of whirlwinds, and the wind drove it north. The sun went out. Everything was drowned in darkness. A cloud floated like an ominous shadow over the steppes of Transbaikalia But on the threshold of the northern land, it hit its chest against the stone peaks of the loaches, howled from its wounds and woke up on the ground like sandy rain. The sun rose over the mountains. Old man Kodar looked around Along with the morning rays of the sun, the song of the Bird reached Kodar’s ears from the Char Valley. Her voice was of amazing beauty. It seemed as if the sky itself was making magical sounds Now all the inhabitants of the mountains looked forward to every morning. With the sun rising on northern land joy came. Meanwhile, the forest thickened. In the valleys the grass rose waist-high, and a mute deafness enveloped the mountains. There was melancholy in the Bird's voice. Now, when she sang, everything around was plunged into sadness. This hopeless melancholy resonated with pain in Kodar’s heart. And he asked: “Tell me, Bird, what are you crying about?” “I was born and raised in the Gobi Desert,” the Bird answered him. The storm threw me into the sky and brought me here, to the taiga region. I cry for the desert, for my homeland.” “What good have you found in the barren sandy land?” Kodar was surprised. “You don’t choose your homeland and mother,” answered the Bird. “Great Elder, I ask you, show me the way to my native land.” “You will return to your homeland, but only in the fall, with caravans of swans.” Kodar waved his hand, and a strip of real desert ran through the Char Valley. Between the dunes the lakes turned blue, and pine trees rose on their banks. The Bird landed on the sandy ridge, and joy sounded in her voice again.”
Kodar Ridge "stone wall", "rock"(translated from Evenki), which contains highest point The edges of the BAM peak resemble the Alps. What does the Udokan ridge mean? "shaman", can be compared to a fantastic alien world: “wild mountain peaks, volcanic cones, gloomy gorges, endless stone placers, mineral springs, brightly colored with deposits of red, yellow and orange There are many legends about these two ridges. There is also such an old Evenki legend. Two fabulous giants Kodar and Udokan found a rich treasure in the ground and argued, but could not agree on who should own it. Then they drew their tight bows and shot arrows at each other. Both fell dead. They reared up in this place high mountains and buried that rich treasure under them"
The Kodar Glaciers are the only modern mountain glaciers within the Stanovoy Highlands. Small hanging and cirque glaciers add uniqueness to the landscape, complementing the contrasting landscapes of the area. Among the six main glaciers located near the highest point of Kodar (3073m), stands out glacier named after E. Timasheva . In its snow-white center there is a deep well into which a waterfall, fed by a lake on a glacier, falls through a crack. The Kodara group of glaciers gives rise to Upper rivers And Middle Sokukan . The Kodar Ridge limits the Chara Basin along a tectonic ledge clearly expressed in the relief. The depth of the relief reaches 2000 m; sections of many hundred meters are rock walls with a slope of 7080 degrees. Traces of ancient glaciation are well preserved here: many elongated valleys up to 1000 x 2000 m wide, blocked by high ledges and crossbars. In their upper part there are fields of “curly” rocks, in the middle and lower parts there are moraine deposits. Large tributaries of the Chara, cutting through the crossbars, form narrow rocky corridors in them. All this gives the area an unusually picturesque flavor.
Originally from Transbaikalia
- A painfully familiar landscape
And vernissage is dear to my heart.
Birches and pines stand
Charming and pleasing to the eye
In the paintings of Yuri Kuznetsov, forest rivers and streams flow, bird cherry blossoms, a birch tree bends over the river, amber sunsets captivate the eye, wild rosemary blazes with fire, it rains and autumn enchants us with a fairy tale, and March snow, and a summer landscape all in the rays of the sun and a cold winter drawing .
See all the seasons, go from winter to summer, walk in the warm rain, wander along the paths in the birch forest
Yuri Petrovich was born in Chita in 1924. His youth witnessed two wars at once - with Japan and with Germany. When the long-awaited peace reigned, he was able to fulfill his dream by entering the Irkutsk Art School. In 1950, a young drawing and drawing teacher, Yuri Kuznetsov, appeared at Chita school No. 1. He worked here for almost 30 years. When I retired, I had more time for drawing. Painting, graphics, landscapes and even wood carvings and casting art prints. In the paintings there is an image of the native land, a bridge across a river, a sunset on a lake. See all the seasons at once, go from winter to summer, walk in the warm rain and wander along the paths in the birch forest. This opportunity opens up at exhibitions of paintings by Yuri Kuznetsov.
From the canvases of this artist, where we see the slender figures of thin and dear birches, meadows illuminated by the sun and golden grass, there emanates a kind of touching silence and slight sadness. We see the enchanting region of Transbaikalia with the coolness and depth of the rivers and the gorgeous spreading crowns of huge century-old pines. The paintings of the Chita artist Yuri Kuznetsov show a landscape that is so familiar, but never repeated, although almost all of his canvases contain birch and pine trees.
- Golden autumn blinds us
And the clouds melt in the fog.
The wild rosemary is burning with flames,
The birch tree speaks with the soul.
Roads, pine trees and paths,
Glades, thin blades of grass.
Rivers and forests captivate
Nature's wonderful beauty!
Homes that are painfully familiar.
I wish I could walk through the forest and field again,
Where there is peace and quiet,
The artist's soul is visible.
Art is the transmission of beauty, grace and culture
Touches the soul and "Rural Landscape" , painted by the artist between Darasun and Art. Novaya, where a colorful herd of cows wandered serenely in silence across the field. And this is one of more than 200 paintings he painted during his career in recent years. All the walls of the artist’s small apartment, who lives in Sosnovy Bor, are decorated with landscapes, including several portraits and graphics. Dear pictures! According to Yuri Kuznetsov himself, he loves to paint beauty and everything that makes sense. Art is the transmission of beauty, grace and culture. And these words of his are confirmed by the entire creative life of the artist and his delightful paintings. But not only the artist himself admires this beauty. How many personal exhibitions did he have in his life, and all of them are dedicated to native land Transbaikalia! How many wonderful moments and how many wonderful feelings many people experienced from contemplating his paintings! There is so much inspiration and skill in these canvases, capable of decorating more than one art gallery! The artist is known not only in Chita, his works are also abroad in private collections in Germany, Israel, and Egypt.
- April snow, houses and gardens
And March dark water,
Cool Ingoda, clear waters,
Nikishiha, what a wonderful dream!
Snowdrop, like the beginning of spring,
The wild rosemary is burning with flames.
You have never seen such beauty
Where the forest beckons so fabulously.
Before a thunderstorm the trees bend with the wind,
The clouds are darkening in the sky.
Even the pine tree had to bend
With its crown slightly.
Houses in the forest and the pine trunk turns black,
And nearby are the gold of birches.
And there is no land dearer to us,
The soul is moved to tears.
The road leads us to the village
And the bushes, the path, the house.
There is a touch-me-not birch tree
In a chic gold dress.
The whole world is beautiful nature,
Which is so deeply disturbing.
As a property of the people
The entire exhibition of his paintings!
Yuri Knyazkin is the man after whom the stars are named. He devoted his whole life creation of space satellites. Currently he is Deputy General Designer for Electrical Design of Spacecraft, Their Operation and In-Flight Control of JSC Information Satellite Systems named after Academician Reshetnikov . In 1953, immediately after graduating from the Chita boys' secondary school No. 5, silver medalist Yura Knyazkin went to the capital to enroll at the Moscow Aviation Institute. After graduating from university, he moved to Zheleznogorsk. There, in the research and production association of applied mechanics, he began working as a simple engineer. And now the whole country is using the works of Yuri Knyazkin for example, cellular communications and roaming are available to everyone, thanks to satellites developed in the research and production association. And at the beginning of 2009, the company’s specialists launched a new satellite Express-44. It became one of the first satellites needed for the development of a digital television network in Russia. It allows you to transmit a much larger number of channels in a much more best quality. When sending creations of design thought into orbit, Yuri Mikhailovich Knyazkin always remembers that somewhere out there, in space, there is a star named after him.
Oleg Leonidovich Lundstrem, outstanding Russian jazz musician , born in 1916 in Chita. In 1921, his family moved to Harbin (Manchuria, China). Father, Leonid Frantsevich Lundstrem, was invited to work, first as a physics teacher in high school, and later as a lecturer at Harbin Polytechnic Institute. In 1932, Oleg graduated from a commercial school and entered the Polytechnic Institute, and at the same time entered the music technical school, from which he graduated in violin in 1935. In the early 30s, everyone became interested in the new dance, the foxtrot, and, accordingly, the new music, jazz. At first, this rhythmic, calm music did not attract much attention from Oleg, until by chance (in 1933), while selecting records for another party, he came across a record by the Duke Ellington orchestra, which was completely unknown at that time. This play was called “Dear Old South.” She stunned Oleg, and he immediately realized that this music was not only for the feet, but something more. She made the same impression on his friends, young musicians who had already begun to get involved in jazz. In the same way, the trail of Louis Armstrong was picked up, and from that moment the passion for jazz began. Little by little we played music and started playing at dances. And Oleg inquisitively studied the sound of the orchestra and began to arrange and play pieces from the records by ear.
The press called Oleg Lundstrem the “King of Jazz of the Far East”
In 1934, young musicians decided to form their own jazz orchestra and chose Oleg Lundstrem as their leader. The orchestra consisted of nine musicians: two alto saxophones, one tenor saxophone, two trumpets, one trombone, piano, banjo and double bass, as well as drums. This was the composition of the big band back then. 1935 year of gaining popularity in Harbin. The orchestra played at balls, evenings and performed on local radio. In 1936, the orchestra moved to Shanghai (now China), a huge international port center, where its professional activities began. Subsequently, Oleg came up with the idea that it was possible to perform our Russian songs in a jazz arrangement. He makes the arrangements “Song about the Captain” by I. Dunaevsky, “Foreign Cities” by A. Vertinsky, “Katyusha” by M. Blanter and others. All of them enjoy constant success with listeners. The peak of popularity came in 1940. There are already 14 people in the orchestra, where is Oleg conductor . The orchestra becomes one of the best in Shanghai. The press called Oleg Lundstrem the “King of Jazz of the Far East.” After the end of World War II, Oleg wrote his first independent work "Interlude" , using Rachmaninoff intonations, later play "Mirage" on oriental motifs.
In 1947, the full orchestra and their families moved to the USSR, to the city of Kazan. The musicians wanted to get an education at the conservatory. Initially, they decide to make the visiting orchestra a jazz group of the TASSR, but the resolution of the CPSU Central Committee on Vano Muradeli’s opera “October” in 1948 breaks everything. It turns out that people don't need jazz. And the musicians are assigned to the opera house and cinema orchestras. Oleg enters the Opera and Ballet Theater as a violinist. However, the orchestra did not disband thanks to composer A. S. Klyucharev, who immediately appreciated the capabilities of the orchestra that arrived in Kazan. Oleg began making arrangements of Tatar songs and the most popular Soviet songs. In 1955, the orchestra recorded on radio and on gramophone records a whole series of plays by Tatar composers, arranged for jazz by Oleg Lundstrem, and gave a series of concerts, which were a great success and attracted the attention of Moscow concert organizations.
In 1956, the orchestra began its extensive touring and concert life. For almost 40 years, the team has traveled to more than 300 cities in Russia and dozens abroad. The orchestra's credo: a deep understanding of the nature of jazz performance, its classical traditions and the desire to contribute to this genre by creating and performing original jazz works and arrangements. Oleg Leonidovich Lundstrem in 1973 was awarded the title Honored Artist of the RSFSR , in 1984 People's Artist of the RSFSR , in 1993 honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the International Academy of San Marino .
If you are lucky enough to visit the Chita region, hospitable, hospitable, welcoming, do not tire of admiring the exceptional beauty of this region and notice that here: the largest number of healing arshans; the largest and most famous reserve Sokhondinsky; the most majestic river Onon; the most beautiful taiga, which knows neither boundaries nor limits; the most delightful mountains, in the white haze of blossoming apricots; the most brilliant lakes under the sun, surrounded by delicate irises, with white swans flying over them; the most endless meadows filled with curly fiery lilies; the most berry honeydews and mushroom forests; people who love their land the most.
Remarkable Facts
Chita is similar in one, but very remarkable fact, to Jerusalem. There are only two cities in the whole world in which temples of three religions simultaneously stood on the same hill: Judaism, Islam and Christianity. In the ancient part of the city, at the confluence of the Inogoda and Chita rivers, where the Chita fort was founded at one time, there are three on the same hill: the Synagogue (on Ingodinskaya Street), the Mosque (Anokhin Street), and the Orthodox Church of the Archangel Michael ( on Selenginskaya street)
Genghis Khan was born on the territory of modern Transbaikalia, or rather in the Onon steppes near the present-day Lower Tsasuchey. Genghis Khan came from the Yesugei-Bakhodur clan and bore the name Temujin (Temujin).
1653 is not the founding date of Chita, as is widely believed. The date of foundation of the city, from which the countdown begins, is the date of the first written mention of the settlement.
The oldest mention of a settlement on the site of modern Chita remains a letter from Ambassador Plenipotentiary Fyodor Golovin, written in December 1687. It was addressed to the governor of Nerchinsk, Vlasov: “At the rafting site, at the mouth of the Chita River, accept bread from contract people for feeding the Great Sovereigns [co-rulers Ivan V and Peter I].”
And in 1690, the clerk Karp Yudin in the “Daurian Testimony” first marked the Chitinskaya Sloboda in the drawing. So in 2001, Chita turned not 347, but 311 or 314 years old.
The highest points of the Chita region are the Skalisty char of the Udokan ridge, located in the upper reaches of the northern Kalar River (2800 meters above sea level) and the Burun-Shebartuy char in the south (2523 meters) and the Sokhondo char in the southwest of the region (2508 meters)
In Transbaikalia, a steam engine with a double-acting cylinder was used for the first time by Litvinov, which he designed here, almost a hundred years ahead of the American “novelty” - the Evans machine.
There are several in Transbaikalia settlements are called "Plant". They received this name from the fact that silver and lead furnaces were established there. There were nine such settlements:
Nerchinsky Factory was founded in 1704 (and is now called Nerchinsky Factory)
Ducharsky plant was founded in 1760
Kutomar plant was founded in 1764
The Shilka plant was founded in 1767 (now - Shilka)
Ekaterininsky plant was founded in 1776
Gazimursky Plant was founded in 1778 (and is now called Gazimursky Plant)
Petrovsky Ironworks Plant was founded in 1789 (now Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky)
Talmansky Plant (Alexandrovsky - since 1825) was founded in 1792 (and is now called Alexandrovsky Plant)
Kurunzulaevsky plant was founded in 1796
The most recognizable words among Transbaikal residents were “parya” (guy), “deka” (girl), “oddnaka”, “cho”, “kavo” (what?), “may”. And a phrase like “What are you saying, my friend?” is translated as: “What are you saying, my friend?” And here is the poem:
I went floating on the water,
Soaring around the corner I hit,
Soaring he knocked over the barrel,
He flew off the barrel soaring.
Another feature is the word “bra” (emphasis on the first syllable), which came from the light hand of N. N. Muravyov-Amursky, Governor-General of Eastern Siberia. He issued an order to form Buryat regiments in the Trans-Baikal Cossack army, calling them " fraternal." Since then, the Buryat Cossacks have been called "brothers" or "brothers." And the presence of Buryat blood in a person is said to be "a little brotherly."
In 1674, Ioann Evstafievich Vlasov, who was the first person in those parts to attend ambassadorial congresses with the Chinese great ambassadors, the great and plenipotentiary ambassador and viceroy, and the governor of massacres, silver ore was found in the Nerchinsk forts along the Arguni River, on the Minguch River (r. Mungach). ... sent to Moscow of that ore... two hundred and seventy poods, from which six poods and twenty-four pounds came out of pure scraper. This was the first silver in Rus', and the first mining in Transbaikalia.
More than 400 mineral springs have been explored on the territory of the Chita region - hot and cold, acidic and alkaline, sulfuric and ferruginous. Some samples are superior in quality to world-famous analogues.
In St. Petersburg, on the Vyborg side and in Chita, on the Chernovsky mines there is a street named after. Nazar Gubina. The Chernovsky miner repeated the feat of Captain Gastello in the battles for St. Petersburg (Leningrad) during the Great Patriotic War.
It is impossible not to include the visits of the leaders of our country as remarkable facts. By the way, the country's leadership was extremely reluctant to come to Chita. It is obvious that the city and its population were (and are) of very little interest to our authorities.
If we do not take into account the visit of Nicholas II (then still the heir to the Throne) (1894), then in 1978 comrade L.I. Brezhnev was in Chita, about which the local history museum once had a whole photo exhibition. And finally, the then President of the RSFSR, Comrade (?) B.N. Yeltsin, was on a flight in 1990 and at the city airport had a conversation with the then leader of the region, Comrade N.I. Malkov.
It must be admitted, however, that, unlike presidents and general secretaries, various military leaders visit Chita immeasurably more often, but it is apparently impossible for them to wriggle out of this duty.
Information provided by: Evgeniy Ananyin
The first tin in the Russian Empire was mined at the Initial Mine, later called "Ononsky", along a nearby river. Now this place is occupied by the Olovyannaya station, Olovyanninsky district, Chita region.
The Klichka mine in the Priargunsky district is named after the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, Frantisek Mikolausz Klichka, the former head of the Nerchinsk factories.
The territory of the Chita region is 431.5 thousand square meters. km. This is more than all of Italy, Japan or England, or 3/4 of France.
The following religious organizations operate in the Chita region:
Orthodox Christians
Old Believers
Buddhists
Muslims
New Apostolic Church
Seventh-day Adventists
Evangelical Christian Baptists
Jehovah witnesses
Christians of the Evangelical Faith
Vaishnava Hare Krishnas
Followers of the Baha'i faith
Based on materials from the site http://oldchita.megalink.ru/
ZABAIKALSKY REGION: FIGURES AND FACTS
Trans-Baikal Territory - subject Russian Federation, located in eastern Transbaikalia and part of the Siberian Federal District. It borders with the Amur and Irkutsk regions, the republics of Buryatia and Yakutia, and has an external border with China and Mongolia. The territory of the region is 431,892 km, which is 2.53% of the area of Russia (12th place by this indicator in the Russian Federation). Population - 1,106,600 people. Trans-Baikal Territory was formed on March 1, 2008 as a result of the merger of the Chita region and the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug. The administrative center is the city of Chita. The most populated cities are Chita, Krasnokamensk and Borzya.
Climate
The region is characterized by a peculiar climate - sharply continental. Winter is long, dry and severe, comparable to Yakut: the weather is frosty, partly cloudy, and windless. Summer is short and warm (sometimes even hot), although in the mountainous and northern regions it is cool. Storms and snowstorms are possible in spring, and the main precipitation falls from April to October. There are significant fluctuations in daily and annual temperatures, in some areas the spread is 90 degrees or more ( average temperature January: -28.3 degrees; July: +19 degrees) degrees. The frost-free period is 80-140 days. Let us add that a characteristic feature of the climate is a significant number of sunny days per year, comparable to the south of Russia.
Economy
The Trans-Baikal Territory is very rich in a variety of mineral resources and has relatively favorable conditions for agricultural activities. Direct transport access to the markets of the Asia-Pacific region provides a serious economic advantage. However, the progressive development of the region is hampered by harsh natural and climatic conditions, increased natural radiation background, high seismicity, and rugged terrain. The implementation of the project to create a transport infrastructure for the development of rich mineral resources in the southeast of the region is of serious importance for the economy of the region.
Industry
Main industries: mining (mining of molybdenum, tin, lead-zinc and uranium ores, gold, coal), wood processing, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, electric power.
Agriculture
Trans-Baikal Territory is a large agricultural region specializing in fine-fleece sheep breeding. Meat and meat and dairy production, poultry farming, and pig farming are actively developing. Climatic conditions central, southern and south-eastern regions allow you to successfully practice crop production.
Tourist attraction
The Trans-Baikal region has a rich variety of flora and fauna; it is a godsend for tourists who prefer pristine nature and environmentally friendly recreation. The most fastidious people will find relaxation to their liking: the region has mountains, the northern desert, taiga forest, steppes, and deep rivers. For history buffs, ancient cities will provide a lot of food for thought. But first things first.
Mountains
The region is dominated by medium-altitude mountains (700-1000 meters). It also has its own peaks - the Kodara ridges in the north reach 2,999 meters, and in the south Mount Barun-Shabarshuy rises to 2,519 meters.
Forest
The natural diversity is amazing. This is taiga, forest, forest-steppe and even tundra.
Reservoirs
The Trans-Baikal Territory has a unique natural attraction: the Great Source is located here, the place where the fresh waters of the entire planet are divided! Streams fresh water go to the Yenisei, Lena, Amur, Pacific and Arctic oceans and, of course, to the pearl of the Earth - Lake Baikal. The Baikal basin includes the right tributaries of the Selenga River - the Khilok and Chikoy rivers. And the Shilka and Argun Rivers merge into the powerful Amur. Among the most significant waterways are the Olekma and Vitim rivers (its tributaries are Karenga, Kalakan, Kalar). Transbaikal residents are rightfully proud of their entire collection of lakes. Bolshoye Leprindo, Leprindokan, Nichatka, for example, are children of the Ice Age. Popular places recreation - the unique salt marsh lake Nozhiy, Ivano-Arakhlei lakes, Arey. In the regional capital, right within the city limits, Lake Kenon is located.
Mineral springs and mineralized lakes
The fact that Transbaikalia is rich in healing waters was known back in Tsarist Russia. Mineral springs vary in composition: from thermal nitrogen to cold carbon dioxide, weak and medium mineralization. Many of them have health resorts - the resorts Yamarovka, Shivanda, Darasun, Molokovka, Kuka, Yamkun, Aksha and many others.
Protected places
The region is rich natural monuments, relict dwarf oaks and giant cedars grow here, and there are unique ecosystems (for example, Chara Sands - a real desert in the middle of the taiga). To preserve nature in its original form, nature reserves and parks were created: “Daursky”, “Sokhondinsky”, national park"Alkhanay", 20 reserves. Coming soon natural Park“Arey”, work is underway to build the Chikoy National and Kodar Parks.
Buddhist shrines
It is believed that Transbaikalia is a place prayed for by Buddhists. Most of shrines are located on the territory of the Aginsky Buryat district: sacred mountains, obo (Alkhanaisky, Adon-Chelonsky, Bolshebatosrsky). There are datsans (Aginsky, Tsugolsky, Ivolginsky and many others). Buryats very carefully preserve centuries-old traditions and customs. For tourists interested in ancient religion, this is a real Mecca. It will be interesting for the uninitiated too.
Cities of history
As you know, Transbaikalia is a region of exile. The Decembrists left their bright mark, significantly influencing the course of the history of the region. The memory of them is carefully preserved by Chita, Nerchinsk, Sretensk, Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky and other cities. Houses, furnishings, records, photographs have been preserved. The region also has a centuries-old history of the Cossacks.
To summarize, we note that tourists have a wide choice of destinations: environmental (mountain, hiking, cycling and water sports tourism), cultural and educational, medical and recreational, religious, hunting and fishing.
Fabulous, unreal, whimsical, striking in their beauty - each of them is like a work of art brought to reality.
The beautiful is nearby. Journalist of the newspaper "Zabaikalsky Rabochiy" we bring to your attention a selection of the most beautiful places Transbaikalia, where it is worth visiting.
At any time of the year, the forests of Transbaikalia are a work of art of Nature. In our region there are both pine forests and mixed forests, where you can find larches, aspens, birches and shrubs, and at the end of March - snowdrops covering our fields with a blue carpet. However, our forest becomes truly beautiful at the end of April - beginning of May, when the Daurian rhododendron, or wild rosemary, as the residents of the region affectionately call the shrub, blooms everywhere like a pink fire. It is listed in the Red Book and is rightfully considered one of the wonders of Transbaikalia.
It is worth special attention. Each lake has a unique, special beauty and charm in its own way, so we recommend visiting each of them.
Arakhlei is the most big lake The Ivano-Arakhlei system of lakes, characterized by its greatest depth - in some places it reaches 20 meters. The bottom and beach of the lake are sandy, and in summer the shores of Arakhlei are a real sell-out. In the lake you can find perches, pikes and chebaks, which makes the lake a favorite place for fishermen. And in general, having been there at least once, you want to return there again and again. And what sunsets are there...
Lake Shakshinskoye, or Shaksha
The second largest lake of the Ivano-Arakhlei system after Arakhlei with sandy shores and well-warmed water. The waters of Shakshi are inhabited by roach, perch, dace, pike, crucian carp, peled, bream, carp and catfish. Thanks to the abundance of fish and warm water in summer, the lake welcomes guests all year round, allowing us to admire its unique beauty.
Another lake of this system. Of all the names of lakes in the Trans-Baikal Territory, the most remarkable is the origin of the lake with the completely Russian name Ivan. According to legend, in order to deceive the evil spirits who were taking children’s lives, parents tried to choose names for them that were unusual and unusual for Buryats. And so, near one of the lakes lived the Buryats Munko Udoev, whose children often died. Trying to preserve his offspring, the father named his next son Ivan. Tradition says that just at that time a disgraced priest named Ivan was wandering near the lake. Munco's son grew up and was more successful than his father, raising ten sons. The children grew up and began to live around the lake, which people called Ivan-Nuur, that is, Ivan Lake.
On the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory there is a unique national park, which is a monument cultural heritage and home to endemic plant and animal species. On the territory of this park you can find more than 120 species of various animals, some of which are listed in the Red Book - such as the black stork, bustard and golden eagle. The complex includes more than 20 cultural sites, among which the most famous and revered are Maanin Shuluun (a stone stele with a carved Tibetan mantra text), Dimchig Sume (Temple of God Dimchig - the owner of the mountain), Nara Khazhad (Heavenly Musician), Uuden Sume (Gate Temple) , Dorje Pagmyn Sume (Temple of the Diamond Queen - the wife of the owner of the mountain), “Gap of Sinners”, Ekhyn Umai (Mother’s Womb), Zurkhen Shuluun (Stone Heart), Khoreo Shuluun (Stone Fence) and many others. One of the most important natural and religious objects is the peak of Alkhanay. Walking route throughout the park it takes about 5 days. Waters from Arshan springs are considered holy and are used for medicinal purposes; there are also hospitals in the park.
, surrounded by pine forests, located at an altitude of 966 meters above sea level, characterized by magnificent scenery. The waters of the lake have healing properties - potassium was found in their composition, silicic acid, bromine, fluorine, lithium and other active elements were identified. Work carried out by Chita doctors has shown that the waters and mud of Arey have an excellent therapeutic effect and are indicated for the treatment of dermatitis and trophic ulcers. Currently, the mud is used by the Molokovka sanatorium.
5. Karpovskie rapids, upper reaches of the river. Karpovka
Stunning stone rapids and foaming ice water reminiscent of milk - you can see this miracle with your own eyes by visiting the Karpovsky rapids. The waters of the Karpovka River have a constant temperature of -2 degrees Celsius and do not warm up even in summer.
One of the many rivers of Transbaikalia, cutting through the Chersky ridge, with a rapid current and cold water, in which you can find grayling jumping on the rapids. In the upper reaches of Nikishikha there is a zoological reserve, and where the river passes through the ridge, a climbing wall was recently built, where you can go with your family and, under the guidance of experienced instructors, conquer the rocks of the ridge.
Archaeological site Transbaikal region during the early Paleozoic. Local historians claim that this place owes its name to an unlucky officer named Sukhotin, who was brought to the top of the formidable rocks by alcohol and unhappy love. He threw himself down and crashed on the rocks that Ingoda was sharpening day and night, and the group of rocks and the area of forest around were named Sukhotino. In order to visit there, just take a minibus to the Klyuchi plant and climb up the slope along the river. All beauty is at the cliff. The rocks are piled above Ingoda to a height of 100 meters, and sitting on the top you can observe the slow and measured flow of the river, hear its quiet distant splash, enjoy the view of the hills and breathe cleanest air.
The widest, full-flowing river flowing in the Chita region. It is a pleasure to observe its changeable character - in some places it demonstrates a stormy temperament, quickly running down the rifts, and in other places it slowly and calmly carries its waters on a mirror-like surface so that the current is almost imperceptible. Ingoda is beautiful at any time of the year, in the photo she is captured in the calm of winter, sleeping under a thick cover of an ice blanket.
Transbaikal region is located in the eastern zone of Transbaikalia. It is part of the Trans-Baikal Territory, famous for its historical and natural monuments; there are attractions in this place at every turn. The area of this territory is 2.52% of the area of the Russian Federation. Everything here captivates with its scale and uniqueness. The main attractions of the Trans-Baikal Territory constantly attract tourists. At all times, people have been amazed by the diversity of relief, natural beauty and
Sights of the Trans-Baikal Territory
Photos describing these beautiful places can be found in the article. But it is best to visit Transbaikalia in person. This is the only way to feel the grandeur of nature, the height of the mountain peaks and the vastness of the steppes. Tourists are recommended to visit the following places:
- Sokhondinsky Nature Reserve;
- Lake Arey;
- Alkhanay National Park;
- Kodar ridge;
- Butinsky Palace;
- numerous museums.
Sokhondinsky Reserve
In this protected place, nature amazes with its diversity. It combines several ecological systems:
- taiga;
- steppes;
- swamps;
- mountain tundra.
The length of the reserve is 211 thousand hectares. It is located on the Khentei-Chikoy highlands with the Sokhondo mountain range. Sokhondo char is oldest volcano. Its slopes delight with their whimsical forms.
This place is characterized by dry and little snowy winters. The climate is continental. There are a lot of lakes of glacial origin here. Their depth is more than twenty meters. Plankton and algae do not take root in them, and therefore they are famous for their transparency, the water there has a slight blue tint.
Rivers such as the Selenga, Amur, Angara, and Yenisei have their source in the Sokhondinsky Nature Reserve. It is noteworthy that they belong to the basins of different oceans. Cupid belongs to Pacific Ocean, and Selenga, Yenisei, Angara - to the Arctic.
In these areas grow the rarest plants that are included in the Red Book, such as leafless mullet, true lady's slipper, large-flowered lady's slipper, smooth iris, spotted lady's slipper, Siberian apricot, dwarf and Pennsylvania lily, Altai onion, Ayan lumbago, a couple of species of Rhodiola.
The animal world also captivates with its diversity. On this moment It was found that there are 255 species of different birds, 67 mammals, three species of amphibians, four reptiles, eight fish and 1200 arthropods.
Lake Arey
This reservoir is a hydrological natural monument. If we talk about the Trans-Baikal Territory, photos of the attractions of which are in this article, first of all it is worth mentioning this wonderful lake. His fame is due to a combination of a number of factors:
- the lake amazes with the variety and quantity of fish, which is undoubtedly a huge plus for avid fishermen;
- Areya waters contain a lot of oxygen, but are poorly mineralized;
- the mud at the bottom has healing qualities and eliminates numerous skin diseases;
- on south coast there are huge anthills built by northern ants, some of the structures reach a diameter of 2-3 meters;
- At the very bottom of Ares, unique Ares potatoes grow; they cure diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Alkhanay National Park
"Alkhanay" is located on the territory of the Duldurginsky district. It is famous for its natural beauty. The whole nature of this place is saturated with legends and beliefs. Since ancient times, the Buryat-Mongol tribes have nurtured in their descendants a love for this land. They called for the unity of man with the world around him. In 1991, the head of the Buddhist clergy, the Dalai Lama, sanctified this land with his presence.
Day after day interest in national park"Alkhanay" is increasing. A huge number of believers come here to worship sacred places and bathe in healing springs.
But the Transbaikal region can be proud of not only natural monuments. Historical sights also amaze with their uniqueness.
Transbaikal Alps - Kodar
This amazing place is located in the north of Transbaikalia. First of all, the Kodar ridge attracts tourists here. This is the highest point of Transbaikalia, a peak whose height is 3073 meters. The Kodar ridge clearly stands out among the plateaus and mid-mountains of Transbaikalia. Kodar is the “Trans-Baikal Alps”. A traveler of any level can choose a route here that suits its complexity.
Butinsky Palace
This palace belonged to the noble Butin family, who built unique and inimitable buildings for various purposes in the city of Nerchinsk. If you study the sights of the Trans-Baikal Territory, it will become clear that the Butin Palace is undoubtedly the pride of the city of Nerchinsk.
A unique item in the palace is a Venetian mirror. They say that there is nothing else this huge in the world. Its dimensions are 4 meters long and 4 meters wide. To place it inside, they even dismantled the roof. The palace is also famous for its garden. Here you can find exotic plants that do not grow in the climate of these places.
Museum of the History of the SIBVO Troops
This landmark of the Trans-Baikal Territory was opened on the twentieth anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. At the main doors there is an iron plate on which the names of 1255 Siberian soldiers, Heroes of the Soviet Union are immortalized. Three central halls are dedicated to the historical feat of the Russian people in the Great Patriotic War.
Everyone who travels to the Trans-Baikal Territory must visit these attractions. We must pay tribute to the heroic feat of our ancestors.
These are just some of the places that the Trans-Baikal Territory is famous for. Its attractions can go on and on and on. But it’s better to go to this beautiful region and personally visit each of them.
