According to our trustworthy source, the commission has already established that the plane began accelerating down the runway with the parking brake not released. This device - an analogue of a hand brake in a car - is used only when parked. The power of the engines is quite enough for the aircraft to move while holding the parking brake (just like some forgetful motorists pull off on the "handbrake") and drove along the taxiway on the runway. But to accelerate to takeoff speed is already becoming problematic.
MK Help Meanwhile
Mistakes where pilots do not release the parking brake, although rare, do occur. So, in 2005, the Boeing of the American company Kalitta Air could not take off at the Khabarovsk airport, since the crew did not remove the parking brake from the landing gear. As a result, the wheels collapsed, their fragments hit the engines. Fortunately, then there were no serious consequences.
In addition, the source told MK that, as follows from the decoding of the Yak-42 voice recorder, immediately before takeoff, the aircraft commander, Andrei Solomentsev, ordered the co-pilot Igor Zhevelov to take control, citing poor health.
It was the commander who had to turn off the parking brake. But, perhaps, at the time of the transfer of control, the pilots simply forgot about it and did not pay attention to the corresponding signal on the dashboard (it is not duplicated by the sound signal).
It is possible that when the Yak-42 began to accelerate for takeoff and could not pick up the required speed in any way, the pilots noticed an error and released the brake. By the way, theoretically, flight engineer Alexander Sizov, who survived the plane crash, could have drawn attention to the fact that the parking brake was not turned off, although in takeoff mode he was loaded with work no less than the commander.
The Yak-42 cockpit. Parking brake handle. Photo: Anton Bannikov.
Why the crew made the decision to continue takeoff and not to apply emergency braking can only be speculated. Perhaps the pilots hoped that the length of the runway would be enough for them - the plane started from half of the runway, which is 1.5 km, while the Yak-42 needs 800 meters to take off. But it was too late. As a result, the plane took off from the ground (it drove about 400 meters on the grass with the rear chassis bogies). In itself, this would not have caused the tragedy, but the plane did not have time to gain a safe altitude, caught on the mast of the lighthouse, which led to the destruction of the liner.
According to "MK", \u200b\u200ban official conclusion on the causes of the disaster can be prepared as early as Wednesday. The chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee Tatyana Anodina reported to Prime Minister Vladimir Putin that the plane was fully operational and even "one-time commands indicating aircraft failures have not yet been identified on the recording of the parametric recorder." In addition, according to her, before takeoff, the crew checked all the control channels of the aircraft and made sure that they were working properly, the aircraft was not overloaded, and the weather conditions were normal.
Nevertheless, our source suggested that in the official conclusions that will be announced, "the commission, for purely ethical reasons, will try not to blame the crew, but to find out what could have broken down there." Because the pilots themselves became victims of the disaster.
Twenty-five years ago, the largest plane crash in the history of aviation in Tajikistan took place in Khorog. Sputnik Tajikistan recalls this tragic date.
Yak-40 flight - everything went according to plan
It was piloted by the crew, which included commander Mels Siyarov, co-pilot Yuri Demin and flight mechanic Nizomiddin Buriev.
Also in the cabin worked the flight attendant Kayumov, and the navigator of the detachment was Evgeny Babadzhanov.
Civil war in Tajikistan
At that time, there was a civil war in Tajikistan, and Khorog was captured by militants. Several hundred civilians have accumulated at the airport, wishing to leave the city on a flight of the same Yak-40.
During the landing, armed militants intervened in the situation. Threatening with weapons, they began to direct the seating process at their discretion, trying to get as many people on board as possible. The plane's crew tried to reason with them, pointing out that the plane was not designed for such a number of passengers, but in vain.
In total, 81 passengers boarded the plane, although the liner was designed for only 28 seats. This is what caused the plane crash.
The board was heavily overloaded - the maximum take-off weight was exceeded by as much as three tons. The crew refused to fly. However, after the threat of being shot, the pilots were forced to agree.
The dispatcher, who was supposed to control the landing, was not even allowed by the armed people to the ladder.
However, not everyone was able to get on the plane: the militants sent some of the people back to the airport.
Plane crash Yak-40 in Khorog
The overload was felt during the first minutes of takeoff. The plane crash was inevitable. The plane covered almost the entire runway - 1,629 meters. Yak-40 could not get off the ground and rolled out of the strip.
After that, the overclocked aircraft with its left counter crashed into the parapet of a shallow ditch, and then collided with a stone 60 cm high.
After another 30 meters, the left wheel of the Yak-40 fell into a ravine and collapsed, and the right one hit a meter-high concrete pillbox, after which the plane with all the passengers crashed into the ravine of the Pyanj River.
Consequences of the Yak-40 plane crash
The plane crash killed 82 passengers and crew members, including 14 children. The bodies of 80 dead were found directly at the crash site of the Yak-40. Surprisingly, six people were found alive.
Two crew members later died in hospital, in particular, 36-year-old flight mechanic Nizomiddin Buriyev, who was taken to a hospital in Dushanbe in serious condition. Dozens of people from all parts of the city came to say goodbye to him.
This is the largest disaster in Tajikistan and in the history of Yak-40 aircraft. Immediately after the incident, all passenger flights in Khorog were stopped until the end of the civil war.
Boeing 747-200 crash
269 \u200b\u200bdead
baaa-acro.com
On September 1, 1983, the Soviet Su-15 fighter shot down a Boeing 747 of the South Korean airline Korean Air Lines, which deviated from the main route by 500 km and crossed the border with the USSR. The crash killed 246 passengers and 23 crew members, no one survived. On board was a member of the US House of Representatives Larry MacDonald.
This incident caused a serious confrontation between the USA and the USSR. According to an investigation by the International Organization civil aviation (ICAO), the most likely reason for the deviation from the flight path was that the pilots of the KAL007 incorrectly adjusted the autopilot and then did not perform the proper checks to update the current position.
Accident of Tu-154 near Uchkuduk
200 dead
wikimedia.org
On July 10, 1985 regular flight No. 7425 Karshi-Ufa-Leningrad, having gained an altitude of 11,600 m, lost speed, fell into a flat spin and collided with the ground near the village of Kokpatas, 30 km north-east of Uchkuduk.
All 200 people on board were killed, including 9 crew members. This is the largest plane crash in history soviet aviation and Aeroflot, as well as the largest plane crash in the history of Tu-154 aircraft.
Accident of Tu-154 in Omsk
178 dead
votpuske.ru
On October 11, 1984, at the Omsk-Tsentralny airport, a Tu-154B-1 aircraft (tail number 85243), performing flight number 3352 on the Krasnodar-Omsk-Novosibirsk route, collided with three airfield vehicles that were working on the runway.
The accident occurred due to the fault of the air traffic controller of the launch control center, who fell asleep at the workplace. Having allowed the cars to enter the lane, he did not turn on the "Runway busy" light board.
This is the largest in the history of the Soviet and russian aviation disaster on the territory of present-day Russia.
IL-62 crash in Moscow
176 dead
wikimedia.org
On October 13, 1972, in the Moscow region, on the shore of Lake Nerskoye, when landing at Sheremetyevo airport, the IL-62 aircraft of Aeroflot crashed, performing an international chartered flight Paris-Leningrad-Moscow.
The crash killed all 174 people on board (164 passengers and 10 crew members). It was the largest plane crash in the world at the time of the events.
The exact cause of the disaster has not been established; the presumable cause is an incorrect altimeter setting.
In the Soviet years, it was somehow not customary to inform the general public about accidents involving aircraft. Has fallen and has fallen, competent people will figure out what's what, why people shouldn’t be nervous. So it became a common version that in the Soviet years absolute order reigned in aviation, everything flew and did not fall, but in modern times everything became terrible.
Meanwhile, a search and a search through any database on flight accidents gives a huge number of accidents that happened on the territory of the USSR. In the late 70s, 80s, early 90s - 3-5 major disasters per year. In earlier years, even more.
This is the second edition of "Soviet Air Crashes", the first was published in July after the disaster in Irkutsk. Continuing to study this topic, I collected such an amount of information that the idea naturally occurred to publish a new edition, slightly expanding the time frame. In this edition, I tried to describe all the major plane crashes that occurred in the USSR in the period from 1977 to 1991. In the earlier years, I did not climb, there are too many cases that I would have to write about. There is quite a lot of information about some incidents, up to decryptions of the crews' negotiations. About some - almost nothing. Therefore, the descriptions are somewhat different.
1977 begins tragically. On January 13, when landing at the airport of Alma-Ata, a Tu-104 with 96 people on board crashes. By official version the cause of the fall was a fire in one of the engines. The plane fell three kilometers from the runway and, during the fall, dug into the ground so that the debris and remains of people had to be literally dug up:
A month later, on February 15, when landing at Mineralnye Vody the Il-18, flying from Tashkent, crashes. 77 people were killed.
On May 27, 1977, an Aeroflot Il-62 flying on the Moscow-Havana route when landing at a Cuban airport hit the power line support with its wing and crashed to the ground. Killed 9 crew members, 59 of 61 passengers and one person on the ground.
May 19, 1978 Tu154, flying from Baku to Leningrad, sits on emergency landing on a potato field near the village of Maksatikha, Tver (then Kalinin) region. Unfortunately, at the end of the run, the plane touches the telegraph pole with its wing and lights up. Of the 134 people on board, 130 managed to escape, four died. Cause of the accident: the flight engineer mistakenly blocked the access of fuel to the supply tank, from which fuel was supplied to the engines. When the tank was empty, the engines stalled at 10,000 meters. The Azerbaijani crew did almost incredible: they managed not to lose control of the car, glide down and even sit down, but at the end they were unlucky: At first, the crew was almost going to be presented with state awards, however, after the investigation, they had to be brought to trial, as a result who became three years in prison for criminal negligence for the flight engineer and the dismissal of the PIC from the flight service.
On October 7, 1978, during takeoff from the Sverdlovsk Koltsovo airport, the Yak-40 crashed due to the failure of all engines. Killed 38 people
On the evening of March 17, 1979, a Tu-104, board 42444, is preparing to fly from Moscow to Odessa. This aircraft was already 20 years old and had to perform one of the last flights before being laid up. The flight to Odessa was repeatedly postponed, as a result of which the passengers were constantly changing (some, tired of waiting, handed over tickets, others, on the contrary, took their places - another reason to think about what fate is). The crew commander, although he had sufficient flying experience, flew only 32 hours as the commander of the Tu-104. Therefore, when a few minutes after takeoff in the cockpit the left engine fire board lit up, the crew was frankly at a loss. Without even trying to visually make sure that the engine is really on fire, the PIC decided to turn around and return to Moscow, forgetting not only that the aircraft has an overload of 10.7 tons, but also forgetting to drain the fuel from the tanks. As a result, the plane went below the glide path, touched the power line support with its wing and hit the ground. The force of the blow was such that a multi-ton car was thrown into the air and at a height of no more than five meters it flew over the Moscow-Kiev highway, clogged with cars (!), And the passengers' seat belts were torn off. This was followed by a new blow to the ground, the cockpit came off and it rushed for almost two kilometers across the frozen field, raking trees, stones and earth into the cabin. In general, the most natural meat grinder took place. Out of a hundred passengers, fifteen miraculously survived, sitting in the rear of the plane. Five of the six crew members also survived. The investigation showed that there was no engine fire on the Tu-104; false alarms about a fire on this plane were not at all uncommon. The crew commander was found guilty of the accident, who was sentenced to 8 years in prison, but after a year and a half he was released under an amnesty, and was later even partially rehabilitated.
Another disaster of 1979 is better known and it became such only because the football team "Pakhtakor" died in it. On August 11, 1979, Tu-134, en route Tashkent-Minsk and Tu-134, flying from Chelyabinsk to Chisinau, collided in the air over Dneprodzerzhinsk. The cause of the collision was the gross error of the controller, who incorrectly calculated the estimated time of intersection of the courses of two aircraft occupying the same echelon and moving across each other, a collision occurred in the air. The error could still be corrected, the dispatcher noticed in time that the planes were approaching at the same altitude and with a minimum interval and demanded that the commander of one of the "carcasses" change the altitude, but mistakenly accepted the response of the other side, which was in the control zone, for confirming his order and stopped building planes. The result - 178 dead, no one had a chance to survive. The dispatcher of Sumskaya still believes that a fatal coincidence and bad luck led to the collision.
Just 18 days later, a Tu-124 en route Kiev-Kazan crashes near Kirsanov. At an altitude of 9000 meters, the plane fell into a tailspin, and at an altitude of 3000 meters began to collapse. The wreckage of the aircraft was scattered over a considerable distance. 5 crew members and 58 passengers were killed. According to the experts, the plane stalled into a tailspin due to the accidental release of the flaps:
And five days later, on September 3, an An-24, on board of which there were 40 people, crashed during the landing approach at the Amderma airport. The cause of the disaster is a premature descent and collision with the ground at a distance of 2 km from the runway.
In 1980, by a strange coincidence, all major air crashes occur in Central Asia. On June 12, 44 kilometers from Dushanbe, a Yak-40, flying from Leninabad, crashed into the mountain. 4 crew members and all 25 passengers on board were killed. The cause of the disaster was a serious navigation error, as a result of which the plane deviated from the course by 43 kilometers and, at the command of the controller, began to descend in the mountains. At an altitude of 2800 meters, the crew realized that they were mistaken and tried to return to the correct course, but got into a cloud and crashed into the mountains.
A month later, on the night of July 7-8, 1980, on the outskirts of Alma-Ata, a Tu-154 crashed with 166 people. The cause of the accident was the so-called "wind shear": on takeoff, the plane fell under the influence of a vertical air flow, lost altitude and crashed on the outskirts of the city, falling apart and continuing to move. The force of the fuselage hitting the ground was such that the passengers were simply thrown out of the crumbling cabin and their bodies were found at a considerable distance from the crash site on trees and rooftops for three days:
June 13, 1981 Accident of IL-14 on the eastern shore of Lake Baikal. 52 people were killed (despite the fact that the maximum number of passengers on the IL-14 was 36 people). The plane followed the route Ulan-Ude-Severomuisk-Ulan-Ude. Suddenly there was a sharp deterioration in weather conditions and the crew requested a landing at the Ust-Barguzin airfield. At an altitude of 1300 meters, in poor visibility conditions, the plane crashed at a speed of over 400 km / h into the western slope of the mountain of the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula. The force of the blow was such that the plane and the people on board turned almost to dust:
A month and a half later, on August 24, 1981 at Far East there was another disaster. By the way, it is often talked about, mainly because the only surviving passenger survived after falling to the ground from a height of more than five thousand meters! An-24 passenger, en route Khabarovsk - Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Blagoveshchensk, collided in the air with a Tu-16 military bomber. 20-year-old Larisa Savitskaya was lucky at the moment of the impact to be on that chair, which, together with a fragment of the fuselage, began to fall down. Already near the ground, the blow was softened by the tops of the birches, and the blow itself fell not on solid ground, but in a small swamp. Despite this, Larisa received serious injuries and multiple fractures. Rescuers found her only three days later. Now Larisa Savitskaya lives in Moscow. But 36 passengers and crew members of An-24 and six military pilots were less fortunate. The cause of the accident was recognized as a monstrous inconsistency between the actions of civil and military air traffic control services, due to which passenger and military aircraft for several years occupied the same echelon for their flights:
Only 24 days have passed and again a disaster in the east of the USSR and again with similar reasons: the Yak-40 aircraft (board 87455), flying from Irkutsk to Zheleznogorsk, when landing in the clouds at an altitude of 400 meters, crashes into a military Mi-8 helicopter. On board the Yak-40, 33 people died, on board the helicopter - 7. The reason for the accident is the same as in the case of the Amur An-24: inconsistency in the actions of civilian and military dispatchers - both sides were landing, but why did the Mi-8 do it in the corridor along which they entered the airport civil aircraft and remained unknown:
November 16, 1981 One of the few plane crashes caused by equipment failure. A fatal coincidence of circumstances leads to the death of Tu-154 (board 85480) at the Norilsk airport. The plane was flying Krasnoyarsk-Norilsk, there were 167 passengers and crew members on board. Landing at the Norilsk airport was carried out in manual mode, but with the autothrottle turned on. A few seconds before touching the lane, the autothrottle failed, reducing the engine speed to a minimum. The plane went down sharply. To try to go around, PIC Shilak gave the engines a takeoff mode and tried to pull the steering wheel towards himself. But then the fact that the nose of the plane turned out to be significantly heavier played a cruel joke. To get the car out of the fall, Shilaku was only a few meters away. The "carcass" hit the earthen embankment of the runway edge and fell apart into several parts. 99 passengers were killed, the rest were injured. Of the crew, only the flight engineer and two flight attendants survived. The crew in this case did everything they could, but the technique and design features of the Tu-154 turned out to be stronger:
The two biggest disasters of 1982 occur just eight days apart. On June 28, near Mozyr, a Yak-42 crashed, following the route Leningrad-Kiev. On board the aircraft were 8 crew members and 124 passengers, all were killed. The cause of the catastrophe was the destruction and detachment of the horizontal stabilizer attachment point. After this disaster, the flights of the Yak-42 were stopped for almost a year and a half.
On July 6, 1982, an IL-62, flying to Freetown, crashes near Moscow. Immediately after takeoff, when the airliner had not yet gained altitude, the fire alarm went off first in the first and then in the second engines of the aircraft. And again, as in the case of the 79th Tu-104, the commander is not convinced that the fire really takes place, he follows strictly according to the instructions and turns off the engines, while trying to turn the car around and return to Sheremetyevo. However, the thrust is no longer enough for this, and the last thing that the crew manages to do is to turn away from the Mendeleevo village. The plane crashed into the forest, killing 80 passengers and 10 crew members. The commission investigating the causes of the accident found that all engines were in good working order, and the alarm was triggered by the ingress of hot air from the engine to the fire sensors:
On September 29 of the same year, another Id-62 crashed in Luxembourg, performing an international flight Msokwa-Luxembourg-Havana-Lima. For unknown reasons, the aircraft deviated from the runway during the landing approach, touched a ground structure and fell to the ground. 13 of the 77 people on board were killed.
April 19, 1983 In conditions of poor visibility, a Yak-40 is crashed near Leninakan. 17 passengers and 4 crew members were killed. The cause of the accident was the navigation error of the crew, who deviated from the course and lost their orientation and the complete inaction of the dispatchers, who did not pay attention to the deviation of the aircraft from the course and did not require the crew to change the direction of movement.
A similar disaster took place on August 30, 1983 near Almaty. The crew of the Tu-134, en route Kazan - Chelyabinsk - Alma-Ata, violated the approach pattern during landing, deviating from it by almost 15 kilometers. The pilots saw an approaching mountain, but did not have time to evade the collision. 90 people died.
The third major plane crash of 1983 took place on December 24: an An-24 crashed while landing at Leshukonskoye airport. 5 crew members and 44 of 49 passengers on board were killed. The cause of the accident was gross errors in piloting: When approaching at night in cloudy conditions and drizzling rain, the crew did not go around, despite an unacceptable deviation to the left of the glide path. The pilot began to turn to the right and, with uncoordinated actions, brought the plane to a supercritical slip angle, which led to a loss of speed. At 1 km from the runway, after passing the decision-making altitude, the crew still tried to go around, but the plane began to roll to the left and lose altitude. With a roll reaching 90 degrees, An-24 crashed to the ground 230 m from the runway and 110 m to the right of it.
October 11, 1984 TU154B crashed on the runway in Omsk into airfield service vehicles that were drying the runway. 178 people died. Monstrous sloppiness led to the accident terrestrial services... The launch dispatcher fell asleep (!!!) at the workplace and did not give an order to free the landing strip of the TU-154 from the vehicles. The flashing beacons on the airfield vehicles were turned off, the personnel did not pay attention to the runway landing lights lit up - the dispatcher did not give the order to leave the runway. As a result, when the ship's commander saw heavy KRAZs on the runway, it was too late to change anything. Impact, separation of the cockpit, instantly flare up 16 tons of fuel in the tanks of airfield vehicles and the plane turns into a giant torch. Eyewitnesses say that, having got out of the severed cockpit, the commander walked in the direction of the control room, waving a pistol (in those years, crew commanders had service weapons in case of emergencies) and threatened to kill everyone there. By the verdict of the court, the entire change of the airport that directed the flights was sentenced to various terms of imprisonment - from 12 to 15 years.
On December 23 of the same year, another TU-154 crashed near Krasnoyarsk immediately after takeoff. 110 people died. Cause of the accident: destruction of engine No. 3 during takeoff, damage to engine No. 2 by flying debris, fire. The crew of the plane tried to reach the airport on one engine, but during the development of the fire all hydraulic systems of the plane were damaged, and when only two minutes of flight remained to the runway, their complete failure occurred. The plane lost control and crashed into the ground.
February 1, 1985. Near Minsk, the Tu-134 of the Belarusian air squadron is crashed, following the flight Minsk-Leningrad. Cause of the accident: freezing of fuel in the tanks (!) And stopping the engines. The plane fell into the forest and burned up. 58 of the 83 people on board were killed.
May 3, 1985 Near Lviv, TU134, flying from Tallinn, and An-26 of the military transport aviation, on board of which were practically the entire leadership of the Air Force of the Carpathian Military District, collided. The cause of the disaster was a gross error of the Lviv dispatcher, who mistakenly determined the location of the An-26 by the mark on the radar screen and gave the crew of the Tu134 a command to descend. 71 people died on board the "Tushka", 23 on board the "Ana".
July 10, 1985 The largest plane crash in the history of Soviet aviation. TU154 №85311, flying from Tashkent to Leningrad, falls under Uchkuduk. Cause of the accident: the car stalled into a flat spin due to the fact that the plane was flying at an altitude of more than 11,000 meters at an unacceptably low speed: According to the official version, this happened due to the fact that the plane got into an abnormally high temperature zone, the engine thrust dropped, and shaking, and the flight engineer, mistaking it for surge, removed the gas to a minimum. The plane lost speed and went into a flat spin. According to another version, the crew fell asleep (!) In the cockpit: the flight of the aircraft after an intermediate landing in Karshi was postponed, it was very hot and the crew was overwhelmed: After takeoff, the autopilot was switched on, which until the last kept the flight altitude even when the thrust fell and the plane became lose speed. The fall of the "Carcass" in a flat spin lasted 153 seconds, 200 people (191 passengers and 9 crew members) were killed on board. By the way, the number of passengers seems strange to many, because the Tu-154 in this modification could take on board only 180 people. This is another of the mysteries of the catastrophe, which is now so often remembered in connection with the fall of the Pulkovo Tu near Donetsk.
July 2, 1986. On Tu-134, which took off from Syktyvkar, a fire broke out in the luggage compartment. Since the cabin was filling up with smoke very quickly, the commander decided to make an emergency landing. When landing, the car touched trees and collapsed. Two crew members and 54 of 94 passengers were killed. The reason for the fire, according to the investigating commission, was a gross violation of safety rules by one of the passengers, who was transporting some flammable liquid in their luggage.
October 20, 1986, Kuibyshev airport Kurumoch. The most stupid in its essence, but this did not become less tragic accident in the history of Soviet aviation. Tu-134, flying from Grozny to Sverdlovsk, made an intermediate landing. There were 85 passengers and 8 crew members on board. During the landing approach, the crew commander argued (!!!) with the co-pilot that he would be able to land the plane "blindly" by instruments and closed all the sun blinds in the cockpit. As a result, the plane touched the runway at an unacceptable speed, with a monstrous vertical overload and a roll to the right wing. From the impact, the landing gear broke down immediately, the plane was dragged about three hundred meters along the runway, after which there was a derailment from the runway, followed by overturning and breaking. The aircraft's tanks instantly flared up and the cabin turned into a fire trap for passengers, most of whom were unable to unfasten their seat belts. 58 people were burned alive or poisoned by combustion products, 11 more died in hospitals. Most fortunate were those who were at the fault point and in the tail of the plane: they managed to get out, although they were all injured. The crew commander, whose actions led to the accident, survived and was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but then the sentence for some reason was revised and the term was thrown off to only six years. They say he's still alive
December 12, 1986 Tu134A of the Belarusian squadron crashes at Berlin Schönefeld airport. All 9 crew members and 63 of 73 passengers were killed, most of whom were German schoolchildren returning from a trip to the USSR. Cause of the accident: again, a monstrous set of circumstances. The German dispatcher, giving the command to the TU crew to land, did not speak out according to the instructions, the aircraft crew misunderstood him, as a result, instead of the working left lane, the plane entered the right lane, on which repair work was being carried out at that moment.
January 18, 1988 Tu-154 broke in half on too hard landing at Krasnovodsk airport. Of the 137 passengers on board, 11 died at the fault. According to the official version, the cause of the disaster was the piloting of the aircraft during landing by the co-pilot, who made a mistake.
Literally immediately, on January 24, 1988, near Nizhnevartovsk, immediately after takeoff, the Yak-40, flying to Tyumen, crashes. For unknown reasons (according to the main version, due to erroneous actions of the crew), all three engines were turned off, and although one of them was successfully started, the plane lost altitude, hit the power line support and crashed into the ground. Of the 35 people on board, 31 were killed, most of them simply froze in deep snow, as the plane crashed in the late evening, and it was discovered only when daybreak.
February 27, 1988. Tu-134 lands at the Surgut airport. The crew commander asks the controller for permission to land on the shortest route. Already on the glide path, the plane gets into a zone of sharp deterioration in visibility. Contrary to all the instructions demanding to immediately stop the descent and go around, and common sense, the commander continues landing. As a result: Tu-134 crashed into the ground away from the runway and caught fire. Killed 17 passengers and three crew members, 37 people were injured and injured.
A similar disaster occurred on November 21, 1989 in Tyumen, where, when approaching in bad weather conditions, it crashed into trees away from the An-24 strip, flying from Perm. The crew and 28 of 36 passengers were killed.
On January 13, 1990, near Pervouralsk, a Tu-134 (board 65951) crashed, performing the flight Tyumen - Ufa - Volgograd. In the area of \u200b\u200bSverdlovsk, a fire broke out in the cargo hold of the aircraft due to a short circuit. The crew requested an emergency landing in Sverdlovsk and began to descend. However, during the descent, part of the electrical equipment failed, and then the engine fire alarm went off (as it later turned out, the operation was false). The pilots decided to land the plane on a snow-covered agricultural field, but here, as in the case of the Azerbaijani Tu-154 in May 1978, they were unlucky. Already rushing across the field, the Tu-134 hooked a watering hydrant with its wing, the wing came off, the car spun and it hit a tree. 27 of 71 people on board were killed, 44 were injured and injured.
On March 23, 1991, while landing at Navoi airport (Uzbekistan), An-24 crashed into a pile of reinforced concrete slabs, collapsed and caught fire. Until now, practically nothing is known about the causes of this disaster. The entire crew and 30 of 59 passengers were killed.
On May 23, 1991, in Leningrad, while landing at Pulkovo-1, a TU154, flying from Sukhumi, crashed. I remember this catastrophe well, they have already spoken about it openly. Cause of the accident: crew error, the pilot landed the car so hard that the tail of the "Carcass" broke off from the impact. Of the 178 people on board, 13. The entire Pulkovo runway was then littered with flowers and fruits from the luggage compartment:
On November 7, 1991, a plane crash, typical for the Caucasus, occurred: a Yak-40 in poor visibility conditions near Makhachkala crashed into a mountain. 34 people were killed.
And, finally, the last serious plane crash in the history of the USSR was the fall of the An-24 on November 26, 1991 near Bugulma. During the landing approach, the aircraft deviated two kilometers to the right of the course. The crew decided to go around, but the plane continued to fall to the right and crashed 800 meters from the runway. According to the main version, icing of the stabilizer became the cause of the accident. 4 crew members and 37 passengers were killed.
8. Disaster in Zhulyany
December 1974. Due to difficult weather conditions, the AN-24 pilot did not see the concrete fence, the plane rammed the structure, and after that the car flew into the railway embankment. Of the 55 people on board, only 7 survived.
7th place. Tragedy near Chernigov
In the same year as the previous disaster, but already in May, the An-24 crashed near Chernigov. As a result, 52 people died. It was not possible to find out the cause of this incident. According to the flight recorder, there was an unexpected, sharp tilt of the steering wheel to the right after the autopilot was turned off. The plane went into a spin, despite the actions taken by the pilots, it was not possible to get out of it.
6th place. Catastrophe over the Black Sea
October 4, 2001. A Russian Tu-154 with 66 passengers and 12 crew members fell into the sea near the Crimea. Initially, it was assumed that it was a terrorist attack. But some time later, experts reported that external damage was the cause of the crash.
By coincidence, military exercises were held in Crimea on that day. And through the negligence of the military, a missile fired from an anti-aircraft gun exploded 15 meters above the plane. Nezalezhnaya refused to admit her guilt, but later experts from the Ministry of Defense came to the conclusion that the Tu-154 was not hit ukrainian missile... The criminal investigation was closed and the case was closed.
5th place. The crash at the Sknilovsky airfield
The disaster at the air show at the Sknilovsky airfield shocked the world. The Su-27 pilot decided to perform a complex element with a turn to the spectator side. The plane got out of control and flew into people. 77 people died, including 28 children. According to other sources, there are more victims. Over 500 people were injured. The four generals responsible for commanding the elements were acquitted, and the pilots received several years in prison.
4 revenge. Plane crash near Dneprodzerzhinsk
In 1979, this tragedy claimed the lives of the football players of the Tashkent team Pakhtakor, who were heading for a match in Minsk. Their plane collided with the same Tu-134, which was flying from Chelyabinsk to Chisinau.
The dispatchers who were in touch with 12 aircraft that day were found guilty. In view of Brezhnev's flight to rest in Crimea, one of the three air corridors had to be open. Traffic in the remaining two was extremely tight. The 21-year-old dispatcher sent two planes towards each other at right angles. The second dispatcher noticed a dangerous situation and ordered to lower the altitude, but it was heard not by the Tu-134, but by the Il-72.
The first information about the crash appeared in the media only three days later. And the football club "Pakhtakor" itself was kept in the top Soviet league for several years, not taking into account the results of their games. The accident claimed the lives of 94 people.
3rd place. The mistakes of the past.
The same tragedy as with two Tu-134s happened 6 years later. In 1985, over Zolochev in the Lviv region, a military An-26, carrying the top leadership of the Air Force of the Carpathian region, collided with a Tu-134, on board which there were passengers.
The reason for this accident was the third plane - An-24. At the Lviv airport, the dispatcher simply confused this aircraft on the radar screen with the An-26 and gave control to his partner, who sent the Tu-134 into the same corridor with the military.
Coming out of the fog, at a short distance from each other, the two aircraft made attempts to diverge. Military An-26, in order not to collide with Tu, went into a tailspin, but even this did not help. Tu-134 collapsed in the air, An-26 exploded on the ground. As with the football team, 94 people died.
2nd place. Destruction in the air.
The second place in the number of deaths was taken by the disaster near Kharkov. In 1972, the car broke into pieces right in the air.
The debris, scattered across the vast area between the two villages, was collected by the soldiers. According to eyewitnesses, everything around was colored red, and the smell of blood was felt in the air. As soon as the bodies were collected and identified by documents, they were immediately burned.
The plane killed 122 people. Among them was the famous parodist Viktor Chistyakov, who was heading for a tour. According to some reports, some time before departure, he had a premonition of death - the artist returned all debts and signed the photos in the album. Lev Leshchenko also received an offer from Chistyakov to fly with him, but refused because of urgent matters.
An associate of Tupolev, Joseph Fridlyander, who noticed that the wreck was full of cracks from metal deterioration, began to find out the cause of the accident. After this incident, which bears the affectionate name "Bolshaya Anna" (as the designers called it) An-10A, no longer rose into the sky.
1 place. The biggest disaster.
The largest disaster in terms of the number of deaths in Ukraine is considered the disaster near Donetsk, in which 170 people died.
August 22, 2006. Flight Anapa - St. Petersburg, Tu-154, crashed near Donetsk. Flight 612 carried 160 passengers and 10 crew members. No one survived.
According to official data, the pilots decided to bypass the thunderstorm front from above, instead of bypassing the cloud from the side. But the crew misjudged the forces of nature and the air flow lifted the car up sharply, and then it went into a flat spin. After 3 minutes, the plane crashed into a ravine.
Until the collision, with one engine running, the pilots made every effort to save the plane, but, according to eyewitnesses, at a distance of several hundred meters to the ground, it fell rotating around its axis like an autumn leaf.
