Russian Tu 154 was shot down by a Ukrainian missile. Catastrophe in the sky over the Black Sea: Ukraine paid money, but did not admit guilt

Accident of Tu-154 over the Black Sea- a plane crash that occurred on October 4, 2001. The airliner Tu-154M of Siberia Airlines performed the scheduled flight SBI1812 on the Tel Aviv-Novosibirsk route, but crashed into the Black Sea 1 hour and 45 minutes after takeoff. All 78 people on board (66 passengers and 12 crew members) were killed.

In 2003, Ukraine signed intergovernmental agreements with Russia and Israel on compensation to the relatives of those killed in the plane crash. In accordance with these agreements, Ukraine paid $ 200,000 for each person killed - $ 7,800,000 to Russia and $ 7,500,000 to Israel.

In 2004, Siberia Airlines filed a claim with the Economic Court of Kiev against the Ministry of Defense and the Treasury of Ukraine for more than $ 15,000,000. In 2011, the court rejected this claim on the basis of the opinion of Ukrainian experts from, who admitted that the plane was hit by many solid objects about 10 mm in size, but did not establish their belonging to a specific explosive device. According to the analysis of the data of the Gelendzhik radar complex from October 4, 2001, carried out by KNIISE, the Ukrainian 5V28 SAM S-200V missile, possibly corresponding to an unknown object 50 km from the disaster, could not reach the plane in 30 seconds.

Airplane

Crew

The plane was flown by an experienced crew, its composition was as follows:

Five flight attendants worked in the aircraft cabin:

• Vladimir Dmitrievich Khomyakov, 51 years old - senior flight attendant. Was born on July 25, 1950 in Novosibirsk. On flight work since September 1972.
• Natalia Georgievna Kostenko, 45 years old. She was born on April 3, 1956 in Novosibirsk. In flight work since July 1977.
• Alexander Gennadievich Savich, 35 years old. Born on November 3, 1966 in Novosibirsk in the family of a pilot civil aviation... In flight work since June 1992.
• Elena Vladimirovna Gusarova, 32 years old. Born June 24, 1969 in Novosibirsk. In flight work since January 1994.
• Igor Viktorovich Voronkov, 42 years old. Was born on April 2, 1959 in Novosibirsk. In flight work since 1991.

In addition, the crew included 37-year-old engineer Sergei Ivanovich Lebedinsky and 37-year-old technician Konstantin Petrovich Shcherbakov.

Chronology of events

Departure from Tel Aviv, disaster

On October 3, 2001 Tu-154M board RA-85693 made flight SBI1811 on the route Novosibirsk-Sochi-Tel Aviv and back to Novosibirsk. On the way to Israel, the landing in Sochi was carried out for the purpose of refueling. At the Sochi airport, fuel was poured into the aircraft tanks for the return flight.

Flight SBI1812 departed International Airport named David Ben-Gurion at 08:00 UTC (10:00 Israel time). At 09:39 UTC, the aircraft entered the area of ​​responsibility No. 7 of the North Caucasian Center for Automated Air Traffic Control (SKTS AUVD) "Strela", and the crew informed the dispatcher about the passage of the ODIRA mandatory reporting point. The flight was carried out at an altitude of 11,100 meters within the international air route B-145, which was not subject to any restrictions, including temporary ones, in force during the period of the exercises of the armed forces of the air defense of Ukraine.

At 09:45 UTC (13:45 MSK) the tape recorder of the "Strela" SKTs AUVD recorded a sound signal corresponding to the crew's exit to external communications, accompanied by a man's shout. Later, within 45 seconds, several more signals were recorded from the pressing of the button of the onboard VHF radio station by the crew members, followed by noises and shouts of the crew members (including a snippet of the phrase: ... where did you go (oh) ...), testifying to the sudden occurrence of an emergency on board the aircraft. Almost at the same time, the plane's mark disappeared from the radar screens. The liner at that time was at an altitude of 11,000 meters, about 200 kilometers south-west of Sochi. At the same time, the crew of the An-24 aircraft of the Armavia airline, located in the same area, reported a recorded outbreak above it.

The coordinates of the approximate crash site were determined 42 ° 11 ′ N NS. 37 ° 37 ′ E etc. HGI AMOL, which is about 340 kilometers from the launch site (Cape Opuk, Crimea).

Finding the wreckage

A special commission was created to investigate the causes of the disaster. An-26 of the Federal Border Service of Russia urgently flew to the place of the crash of the liner from Gelendzhik. The frontier patrol ship "Grif" and the dry cargo ship "Captain Vakula" also went there. An An-12 aircraft of the Ministry of Defense and a Mi-8 helicopter of the Sochi search and rescue service with rescuers on board also flew to the crash site, two rescue tugs - Mercury from Tuapse and Captain Beklemishev from Novorossiysk, as well as a ship of the Ministry of Emergency situations "Rescuer Prokopchik". At the Agoy airfield near Tuapse, another MI-8 helicopter with rescuers and equipment for rescue on the water was ready for an immediate flight. He waited for a spot to be discovered emergency landing to save fuel during the search and to be solely concerned with the rescue. This helicopter never took off, no survivors were found.

The An-12 aircraft found oil spots at the alleged crash site. The helicopters found several wrecks of the plane and the bodies of the dead passengers floating on the sea surface. In total, 14 of the 78 bodies of the victims were found. No one survived .

Searches were conducted within a radius of 30 kilometers from the place indicated by the crew of the Armavia aircraft. In this area of ​​the Black Sea, the depth is over 2000 meters and the bottom is highly silted. The weather was normal. We trawled the sea, examined the bottom with an echo sounder, and collected floating remains from the surface. In addition to the remains of the bodies, 404 fragments of the liner, personal belongings and clothes of passengers were found. It was not possible to find out the location of the liner and flight recorders. Among the collected debris was about a quarter of the entire floor covering of the aircraft cabin, in which 183 holes were found from being hit by metal balls. On the extracted fragments, 460 holes were counted. Not a single fragment of the rocket and not a single flight recorder was found.

Technical investigation

5 october... There was information about the holes found in the Tu-154 fuselage, resembling bullet holes, but this information was called premature. Head of the West Siberian Regional Office air transport Vladimir Tasun stated that, “according to unverified information, the dispatcher on the radar saw a luminous point rapidly approaching the plane. Here is the only thing that was obtained from unofficial sources through the channels telephone connection employees of the company "Siberia" from Rostov ". The Russian rescuers were joined by rescuers from Israel, the analysis of the negotiations of the Tu-154 crew and the analysis of the video tape recording the readings of the radars began. Prime Minister of Ukraine Anatoly Kinakh made a statement that the version of a missile hitting a Tu-154 of Siberia Airlines "has the right to exist."

6 october... The secretary of the Security Council of Russia V. Rushailo said that at the scene of the accident, items not related to the design of the aircraft were found, and that "the aircraft was destroyed as a result of an explosive damage." At the same time, Ivan Teterin, the head of the Main Directorate of the North Caucasian Regional Center of the EMERCOM of Russia, expressed the opinion that the probability of finding any remains of the Tu-154 aircraft at the bottom of the Black Sea is minimal due to the great depth and zero visibility.

October 7th... According to the commission's statement, at 13:45:12, a terrestrial tape recorder recorded the scream of a Tu-154M pilot.

October 9... According to the commission, the analysis of holes in the fuselage showed that the aircraft could have been hit by an S-200 surface-to-air missile, since the size and shape of the holes are quite consistent with the shrapnel of the high-explosive fragmentation warhead of the missile of this particular complex. After the assumption that the plane could be shot down by a rocket during the exercises on the Crimean peninsula, the media ceases to call these exercises joint and marks them as exclusively Ukrainian exercises. Clarification of the details of the disaster is complicated by the inability to determine the exact place of the plane crash - the search for the wreckage of the aircraft was carried out in an area with a radius of more than 12 sea miles.

10 october... The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia reported preliminary data from the forensic medical examination of the victims - the cause of death of all 14 passengers, whose bodies were found during search and rescue operations, was barotrauma. According to the Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia Sergei Fridinsky, carbon monoxide was found in the blood of the victims, which indicates a fire on board the ship.

October 11... Vladimir Rushailo published the conclusion of the technical commission investigating the causes of the crash of Flight 1812: “multiple injuries in the form of similar holes indicate defeat Russian aircraft from outside ". At the same time Rushailo stressed that "the remains of the plane that fell into the sea were not found due to the complex structure of the bottom, an aggressive hydrogen sulfide environment and a large layer of silt - up to 6 meters."

12 october... Press Secretary of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Konstantin Khivrenko, commenting on the preliminary results of the investigation of the incident, admitted that the Ukrainian missile could be the cause of the death of the Tu-154.

13 october... Vladimir Rushailo said that, according to the analysis of the aircraft wreckage and holes, the anti-aircraft missile exploded 15 m above the aircraft. At a conference in Kiev, the Minister of Defense of Ukraine apologized to the relatives and friends of those killed in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 aircraft: "We know that we are involved in the tragedy, although its causes have not yet been fully established."

Ukrainian expertise

Legal investigation and claims for damages

The Russian Prosecutor General's Office opened a criminal case under the article "Terrorism" over the crash of a Tu-154 passenger plane over the Black Sea. ... After the publication of the commission's findings on October 16, 2001, the case was transferred to the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine, and the Russian side officially closed the case.

On June 28, 2002, an interdepartmental commission was created to settle claims in connection with the Tu-154 plane crash over the Black Sea, headed by the deputy. Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation V. V. Loshchinin; Head of the Legal Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation R. A. Kolodkin was appointed his deputy. On the same day, the Foundation for Assistance to the Families of the Dead Passengers of Flight 1812 Tel-Aviv Novosibirsk was registered. B.V. Kalinovsky was elected as the head of the fund, coordinating the relations of the interdepartmental commission with the relatives of the victims.

Pursuant to the Claims Settlement Agreement signed by Russia and Ukraine on December 26, 2003, the Ukrainian government transferred $ 7,809,660 to pay the relatives of the Russian passengers who died. The payment of compensation was carried out ex gratia, that is, without recognition of legal liability.

On September 20, 2004, the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine closed the criminal case on the fact of the disaster, since the investigation did not establish objective data that would reliably indicate that the Tu-154 was shot down by an S-200 missile launched during the exercises of the Ukrainian air defense forces. On October 19, 2004, the military court of the Kiev garrison overturned the decision of the Prosecutor General's Office to close the case, the Supreme Court did not satisfy the appeal of the Prosecutor General's Office with a request to cancel this decision, and the investigation was resumed, but in July 2007 the case was finally closed with the previous wording.

Immediately after the court's decision, the head of the Fund for Assistance to the Families of the Dead, Boris Kalinovsky, and the Belonogov family, which refused to receive financial assistance, filed a lawsuit for compensation for moral damage - the respondents were the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury of Ukraine. The case was considered in the Pechersk District Court of Kiev and on January 30, 2008, compensation was completely denied. In the motivational part of the refusal, it was stated that the defendants' guilt in the crash was not established by the investigation of the prosecutor's office, the evidence presented by the plaintiffs was contradictory and could not be recognized as a basis for satisfying the claim. The losing party did not appeal against the court's decision.

Simultaneously with the claim from the relatives of the deceased, Siberia Airlines OJSC filed a claim against the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the State Treasury of Ukraine for damages: the amount of the claim included the market value of the destroyed aircraft with additional equipment, expenses related to the investigation of the accident, insurance, lost profits in connection with the loss of the aircraft and moral damage. The consideration of the case lasted more than seven years and ended with the victory of the defense of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine: based on an additional analysis of the materials of the State Commission for Investigation carried out by the Kiev Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Examination, the claims were completely refused. On October 10, 2011, the losing party filed an appeal to the Kiev Economic Court of Appeal.

On May 28, 2012, the Kiev Economic Court of Appeal dismissed the complaint filed by the Russian Siberia Airlines (S7 Airlines) against the ruling of the first instance court, which did not admit the guilt of the Ukrainian military in the 2001 crash of the Russian Tu-154. On December 11, 2012, the Supreme Economic Court of Ukraine upheld the decision. Representatives of the airline announced their intention to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights, however, after April 21, 2013, the Supreme Economic Court refused to refer the case to the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the airline, having passed all possible instances in Ukraine, did not take the opportunity to apply to the ECHR. Thus, the financial claims of "Siberia" were not satisfied.

Versions of the causes of the disaster

Operator error

The S-200 anti-aircraft missile system uses a semi-active guidance system, when the radiation source is a powerful ground radar ("target illumination") and the missile is guided by the signal reflected from the target. In the S-200, there are two main modes of operation of the target illumination radar - MHI (monochromatic radiation) and PCM (phase-code modulation). MXI mode is commonly used for scanning airspace when searching for targets, the elevation angle, azimuth and radial speed of the target are determined, but there is no determination of the range to the target. The range is determined in the FKM mode, switching the radar to this mode takes up to 30 seconds and may not be performed if there is a lack of time.

It is most likely that during the firing practice with the participation of the Ukrainian air defense, which was carried out on October 4, 2001 at Cape Opuk in the Crimea (31 test range of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, which is under the control of the Russian Ministry of Defense), the Ty-154 plane accidentally found itself in the center of the alleged shelling sector training target and had a radial speed close to it, as a result of which it was detected by the radar of the S-200 system and taken as a training target. In the face of lack of time and nervousness caused by the presence of high command and foreign guests, the S-200 operator did not determine the range to the target and "highlighted" the Tu-154 (located at a distance of 250-300 km) instead of an inconspicuous training target (launched at a distance of 60 km). Thus, the defeat of the Tu-154 with an anti-aircraft missile was most likely the result not of a missile missing a training target (as is sometimes stated), but of the direct guidance of the missile by the S-200 operator at an erroneously identified target.

The calculation of the complex did not assume the possibility of such an outcome of the shooting and did not take measures to prevent it. The dimensions of the range did not ensure the safety of firing such a range of air defense systems. The organizers of the firing did not take the necessary measures to free the airspace: flights were prohibited only within a radius of 50 km, although the "passport" range of destruction of targets with the S-200V complex was 255 km, and the technical flight range of the 5V28 / 5V28M missile was about 300 km.

But since the distance to the place of detection of the aircraft wreckage is more than 340 km, and to the place where the missile hits the aircraft is even more, the version of the defeat by the S-200V complex looks unconvincing.

Terrorist attack

Due to the absence of the remains of the aircraft and flight recorders, which were never found, the clarification of the absolutely reliable causes of the disaster was recognized by the KNIISE expertise as impossible, but based on the available information, Ukrainian experts suggested that the aircraft was damaged by an explosive device that could be “between the ceiling of the interior of the aircraft "and its body.

Staffing implications

Following the results of an official investigation, 20 days after the tragedy, the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Oleksandr Kuzmuk resigned. Several more people also "suffered": the commander-in-chief of the air defense, Colonel-General V.V. Tkachev, his deputy for combat training, Lieutenant-General V.V. Air Defense of Major General Yu. Korotkov, Colonels A. Lunev and N. Zhilkov, Lieutenant Colonels M. Alpatov and V. Shevchenko. Lieutenant General V. Kalinyuk, commander of the 49th corps, was dismissed from his post. The commander of the S-200 division, Major Yu. Wenger, was transferred to a lower position. However, none of the military has been put on trial.

The reaction of the highest officials of the states affected by the disaster

Russia

First, all the necessary services in Ukraine were notified in advance. Secondly, according to tactical and technical data, the weapons that were used at that time could not reach the air corridors in which our aircraft was located ...

In any case, there is no reason not to trust the Ukrainian side.

Ukraine

See what is happening around the world, in Europe? We are not the first and not the last, it is not necessary to make a tragedy out of this. Errors are everywhere, and not only on this scale, but on a much larger, planetary scale. If we do not lower ourselves below the civilized level, everything will be fine. And if we pour a bucket of dirt on ourselves, so please.

Israel

The statement of the Ukrainian president "there are tragedies of a larger scale" shocked the world community. L. D. Kuchma's frivolous statement provoked an angry reaction from official Israel. A spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon commented on the statement of the Ukrainian president:

When the murdered person is not a representative of your people, then it is probably possible to make such academic inferences. 78 people died, most of whom were Israelis - for us this is the greatest tragedy.

Cultural aspects

Perpetuation of memory

Similar cases of the destruction of airliners by air defense

Notes (edit)

1. WE HAVE GOT (unspecified) ... 2001.novayagazeta.ru. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
2. I am not me and the rocket is not mine // Evening Novosibirsk. - 23.08.2007.
3. Plane crash of flight Tu-154 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk (2001). Reference . RIA News .
4. The investigation is over, forget it / Lenta.ru June 18, 2004
5. Description of the disaster on the Aviation Safety Network website.
6. Kuzmuk left. Kuchma banned military exercises and the use of anti-aircraft missile kits // Ukrainian Truth. - 24.10.2001.
7. The secret that lies at the bottom. Political interests intervened in the investigation of the plane crash over the Black Sea ten years ago, Expert Online (04.10.2011). Retrieved 13 August 2016.
8. The GPU will figure out how the plane was shot down under Kuzmuk. // Ukrainian truth. - 28.10.2005.
9. Ukraine transferred to Russia $ 7.8 million in compensation for the downed Tu-154. Lenta.ru, 15.12.2004.
10. The court did not find the fault of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154. RIA Novosti, 6.9.2011.
11. The court found no fault of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 (unspecified) ... RIA Novosti (06.09.2011). Retrieved July 17, 2014.
12. RA-85693 - russianplanes.net - Board card
13. Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: Crew: Evgeny Garov (unspecified) . Siberia Airlines JSC "in memory of passengers and crew of flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk... Date of treatment August 6, 2014.

On October 4, 2001, the Siberia Airlines liner, which was flying on the Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk route, suddenly disappeared from the tracking radars. After some time, the bodies of some passengers and the wreckage of an aircraft were found in the Black Sea. Later it turned out that the liner crashed into the sea. All 78 people on board, most of them Israeli citizens, and crew members were killed. And even 15 years after this tragedy, its exact cause is still unknown.

Shelling sector

Initial investigation revealed that a Ukrainian missile fired during a joint Ukrainian-Russian military exercise in the area was the culprit in the crash. At first, the military denied any involvement in this tragedy, then partially admitted their guilt, and then the conclusions of the Ukrainian examination indicated the innocence of our country. But Ukraine nevertheless paid compensation to the relatives of the killed Israelis and Russians.

Immediately after the disaster, the Interstate Aviation Committee, which was created by the countries post-Soviet space to investigate such accidents, he began his investigation into the death of the plane. And according to his conclusion, the Siberia plane was inadvertently shot down by a Ukrainian S-200 missile launched during a joint Ukrainian-Russian exercise from Cape Opuk in Crimea, which, incidentally, was attended by 23 foreign observers.

The Ty-154 plane accidentally found itself in the center of the alleged firing sector of a training target, as a result of which it was detected by the C-200 system radar and taken as a training target. In the conditions of lack of time and nervousness caused by the presence of the high command and foreign guests, the operator of the S-200 did not double-check these data and pressed "start". In addition, the organizers of the firing did not take all measures to free the airspace in the exercise area. Flights were prohibited only within a radius of 50 km, although the range of destruction of targets by the S-200V complex is 255 kilometers.

And the downed plane itself was in the area of ​​responsibility of air traffic services. Russian Federation... Ukrainian air traffic services have closed for flights the airspace within their jurisdiction - up to the border of the zone of responsibility of the Russian Federation.

"We know that we are involved in the tragedy"

After these conclusions, the head of the Ukrainian defense department, Oleksandr Kuzmuk, apologized for what had happened.

We know that we are involved in the tragedy, although its causes have not yet been fully established, ”he said.

And President Leonid Kuchma nevertheless dismissed him for this tragedy.

In 2003, Ukraine signed intergovernmental agreements on compensation with Russia and Israel. In accordance with these agreements, Ukraine paid the relatives of the victims: $ 7.8 million to Russia and $ 7.5 million to Israel. The payment of compensation was carried out according to the legal procedure ex gratia, that is, without Ukraine admitting its guilt for the downed plane.

This was the reason that the claim of Siberia Airlines against the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury for $ 15 million was rejected. And the refusal to pay this claim was based on the conclusions of the specialists of the Kiev Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise (KNISE) and the Kharkov Institute of the Air Force. Kozhedub.

The experts concluded that the Siberia plane could not be shot down by a Ukrainian missile. The rocket exploded at a distance of 780 meters from the aircraft, making it impossible to destroy. The "black boxes" were never found, therefore, according to Ukrainian experts, there is no way to reliably find out the causes of the disaster. Based on the available information, Ukrainian experts have suggested that the plane was damaged by an explosive device, which could have been "between the ceiling of the inside of the plane" and its body.

At the same time, an alternative version of the plane crash appeared. On the day of the tragedy, during the exercises, 23 missiles were fired from Ukrainian and Russian anti-aircraft missile systems, including the Russian S-300 air defense systems. According to the control of the Russian Gelendzhik radar, 30 seconds before the explosion, the Ukrainian missile was observed at a distance of 50 kilometers from the crash site. That is, in 30 seconds, according to its capabilities, it could not be at the point of contact with the aircraft. The maximum distance that a missile of the Ukrainian S-200 air defense missile system could fly during this time is 36 km. But the Russian S-300 air defense system at the same time was 11 kilometers closer to the plane's route than the Ukrainian one. And his rocket, in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics and speed, could well cover a distance of 50 kilometers during this time. But this version has remained alternative. The then Ukrainian leadership did not want to spoil relations with either Israel or Russia, and therefore made a gesture of goodwill by paying compensation to the relatives of the victims without admitting their guilt.

In September 2004, the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine closed the criminal case on the fact of the disaster, since the investigation did not establish objective data that would reliably indicate that the Tu-154 was shot down by an S-200 missile launched during the exercises of the Ukrainian air defense forces. As a result, the Siberia Company, having passed all possible instances in Ukraine, did not take the opportunity to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights.

Putin and the Kremlin organized criminal group must also be punished for the downed Tu 154. Former Communist Party organizer L. Kuchma is silent about this a lot. But the truth will still break into the world when Mordor falls:And the Tu-154 plane was shot down by the Russians in 2001 by the S-300 complex

There is a worldwide preparation for the International Tribunal. It is not the first time for the Russian Federation to try to evade responsibility for the downed passenger planes. To lie, to dissemble, to dodge - this is so painfully familiar. On October 4, 2001, the Russian air defense with an S-300 missile shot down a passenger Tu-154. We will reveal this secret, in the article Michael Pritula NUINA only what was hushed up. Only verified information from the materials of court cases. Enjoy!

Let me remind you that on October 4, 2001 at 9 hours 49-50 minutes GMT in the Black Sea was shot down a plane of Siberia Airlines, airborne RA-85693, flight SBI1812 en route Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk. According to the conclusion Russian Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC), at an altitude of 11 thousand meters, the plane was unintentionally shot down by a Ukrainian S-200 anti-aircraft missile. All 66 passengers and 12 crew members were killed. " Everything else is shrouded in mystery.

Now you will see the reader that the Tu-154 was most likely shot down by the Russians, but why Ukraine politically took it upon itself - you have to ask Kuchma and Kuzmuk. Subsequently, the courts did not legally confirm that the plane was shot down by a Ukrainian missile. The question of what kind of missile shot down the plane is still open.

We will only talk about the facts, both about those that are in the materials of court cases, and those that for some reason are not. But, as they say, the presence of the absence of presence is also a fact.

On October 4, 2001, in the Crimea, from the range of the 31st research center of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation, firing practice was conducted. Those. in the area of ​​Cape Opuk.

Fired 23 missiles. Various. The Russians were shooting, and ours were shooting too. Used ground-based anti-aircraft missile systems S-200, S-300, S-125, complexes Buk, Kub, Ukrainian ships frigate "Sagaidachny" and corvette "Lutsk", as well as the Black Sea Fleet ship "Pytlivy".

For some reason, this all turns out to be out of frame. As well as the words of Putin himself that the plane could not be shot down by a Ukrainian missile. These words of the intelligence officer, spoken immediately after the incident, are known to me, as a counterintelligence officer, under the name "moment of truth." When a person doesn't lie.

Later, a political decision was made that the missile was Ukrainian and the IAC approved this political decision.

The courts have repeatedly considered the claims of relatives and the actual Russian airline "Siberia" against Ukraine and all the courts, after examining the evidence, refused to admit that the plane was shot down by a Ukrainian missile, for the simple reason that the Ukrainian missile could not do it, which was confirmed by the relevant examinations.

But no one has ever considered the question of which missile shot down the plane.

All the ships and launchers participating in the exercises were not examined officially. This is not even in the materials of the court decisions.

But what is there is the Conclusion of the Kiev Research Institute of Forensic Expertise. Since I once served as an operative officer of the Special Department of the KGB of the USSR and served part of the air defense, with the S-300, S-200 and S-75 complexes, incl. with nuclear warheads, then I completely agree with this conclusion.

First, the rocket that hit the plane exploded on top of the plane, at a height of about 15 meters, one and a half meters to the left of the middle of the rear passenger compartment. You see, from above !! Over the plane! By the way, nobody saw the upper part of the plane. (see clauses 1, 17 of the Expert Advisory Board of the KNDI Sudovikh Expertise, below)

Do you know which rocket attacks the plane from above? S-300. And who fired the S-300 missile? The S-300 missile was fired at the same time by air defense units of the Russian Federation. Simultaneously with ours.

And at what speed does the S-300 rocket fly? 2000 m / s, that is, one and a half times faster than the S-200 missile, and the S-300 can fly 50 km in 30 seconds, which coincides with the data on the Gelendzhik radar station of an object 50 km from the Tu-154 in 30 seconds before the disaster (see paragraph 5 of the Expert Visnovka KNDI Sudovikh Expertise)

S-300 guidance is semi-active - i.e. the rocket, having captured the target, goes to it itself, it does not need a target illumination locator, but the S-200 rocket - such a locator is needed, if the target illumination locator is turned off, the 5V28 rocket will go to the altitude for self-destruction (see paragraph 8 of the Expert Advisor of the KNDI Sudovikh Expertise)

Therefore, it's time to go and interview Kuzmuk, who was wrongly credited with shooting down a passenger plane. He did not do it and could not do it.

The entire investigation of the IAC went in one direction - to prove the guilt of Ukraine. But who actually did it - no one was looking. The relatives of the victims believe Putin.

Expertise of the Kiev Research Institute of Forensic Expertise (the original in Ukrainian can be read at the link. Ed.)

The main purpose of the appointment of this examination by the court was an expert study of the possibility of an impression on 10/04/2001. At 12.45 o'clock, the Tu-154M aircraft belonging to the plaintiff, a 5V28 anti-aircraft guided missile, which was launched during the exercises of the Air Defense Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine from the starting position of the missile complex S-200V, located in the Feodosia region in 09.year. 41 min. 20 sec.

The decision of the Economic Court. Kiev to completely reject the claim was based, in particular, on the results of the examination of the Kiev Research Institute of Forensic Examinations. The court invited the parties to submit their proposals on issues that are to be resolved during the examination, and with this in mind, the court put the following questions to the experts for decision (with brief overview the result of the examination):

1. If we assume that the Tu-154M was shot down by a 5V28 missile of the S-200V anti-aircraft missile system, then there may be a point of detonation of the 5B14SH warhead of the 5V28 missile of the S-200V anti-aircraft missile system at an altitude of 15 m above the aircraft body and for 1 5 m to the left of the central part of the rear passenger compartment, as indicated in the conclusions of the Russian Interstate Aviation Committee?

The point of detonation of the warhead of the S-200V air defense missile system could not occupy the place indicated in the conclusions of the IAC.

2. How were the Tu-154M aircraft of Siberia Airlines OJSC, AN-24 of the Armenian Airlines and Airbus, flying along the Tbilisi-London route, at the time of the start of firing of the air defense missile system C, were located in the airspace on October 4, 2001 -200V, according to the photocontrol of radar stations that monitored the airspace in the exercise area and outside the closed zone?

At the time of the launch of the S-200V air defense missile system at the target, the Tu-154M aircraft was at a distance of more than 270 km at an azimuth of 155 ° relative to the test site. The target was at a distance of 38 km at an azimuth of 145 ° relative to the test site.

3. Is it possible to determine the direction and trajectory of the 5V28 missile based on the materials of the photocontrol of the radar stations, which conducted on October 4, 2001, observing the airspace in the exercise area and outside the closed zone, and in the materials of objective control of the Gelendzhik radar, if so, then the direction of flight rockets?

The radar control materials do not contain data that would help to fully determine the flight path of the 5V28 rocket from the moment of its launch until the moment of elimination. There is also no data that would confirm the presence of a rocket near the plane at the time of its crash.

4. the data of objective control recorded on the phototables of the radar stations, which on October 4, 2001, observed the airspace in the exercise area and outside the closed zone and in the materials of objective control of the Gelendzhik radar correspond to the conclusions of the Russian Interstate Aviation Committee on the destruction of the Tu-154M aircraft , belonging to the plaintiff, with a 5V28 SAM S-200V missile of the air defense units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine?

No, they do not answer.

5. According to the objective control of the Gelendzhik radar on October 4, 2001, an unknown object was observed in the air, which was moving towards the Tu-154M aircraft belonging to the plaintiff, at a distance of 49.9 km 30 seconds before the aircraft was hit. If we assume that the unknown object was a 5V28 S-200V air defense missile system of the Ukrainian air defense units, could the missile be indicated in 30 seconds on its performance characteristics to overcome the distance to the plane for 49.9 km and hit it?

The 5V28 missile in its performance characteristics could not overcome the distance to the aircraft for 49.9 km in 30 seconds and hit it.

6. What conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the possible flight path of the 5В28 missile and its compliance with the conclusions of the Interstate Aviation Committee; possible miss values ​​when aiming a missile at a Tu-154M aircraft and the conditions for the operation of a 5V28 missile radio control?

The flight trajectory of the 5V28 missile given in the materials of the IAC does not completely correspond to the principles of the S-200V air defense missile system. And the method of modeling used by IAC experts is not substantiated.

7. Was on 04.10.2001, before the combat firing, the S-200V anti-aircraft missile system and the 5V28 missile were technically serviceable, and was it possible for their technical condition to conduct live firing with the said complex and the missile?

Thus, the technical condition of the S-200V air defense system and the 5V28 missile made it possible to carry out live firing at the Reis target.

8. What was the detection and tracking range of the S-200V radio equipment and other radio equipment used during the exercises on October 4, 2001 of an air target - an unmanned aircraft VR-3 "Flight", Tu-154M aircraft belonging to the plaintiff, AN-24 "Armenian airlines "and" Airbus "following the route" Tbilisi-London "at the time of the launch of the 5B28 rocket?

The radio-technical means of the S-200V air defense missile system detected and accompanied only the VR-3 Reis target and did not show or accompany other aircraft. The Tu-154M aircraft was 270 km away and was observed only by the P-14 radar of the radio technical battalion in the city of Kerch.

Considering that the target VR-3 "Reis" was destroyed by the S-300PS air defense system 11 km from the C-200V air defense system (12 hours 42 minutes), it was not physically possible to accompany it in the future with the C-200V radio equipment, therefore the radiation of the ROC signal was stopped at 12 o'clock. 42 minutes 20 s.

9. Were there opportunities in the radio-technical means of the S-200V air defense system, other radio-technical means used during the exercises on 04.10.2001. Recognizing the nationality of the air target VR-3 "Flight", Tu-154M, AN-24 aircraft?

The Tu-154M aircraft was equipped with the outdated Silicon-2M state identification equipment. According to the control data, the signal "I am mine" from the Tu-154M aircraft was absent along the entire route of its flight to the point of disaster.

If the Tu-154M aircraft responded to the request, the Start command would be blocked and the rocket would not be launched.

10.conclusions of Russian experts are confirmed that the radar tracking of the Tu-154M aircraft was carried out by the radar of the S-200V anti-aircraft missile system until the missile's warhead was detonated, the total flight time of the missile was 220 seconds, during which it covered a distance of about 240 kilometers to the point of destruction aircraft?

With the radar tracking of the ROC of the Tu-154M aircraft and the 5V28 missile pointing at it, the missile's flight path would differ significantly from the trajectory given in the materials of the IAC. The materials of the case do not confirm the radar tracking of the Tu-154M by means of the S-200V air defense missile system.

11. What is the maximum allowable launch range of the 5V28 missile of the S-200V anti-aircraft missile system against the VR-3 "Flight" unmanned target, Tu-154M, AN-24 aircraft?

In order to fire at the Tu-154M air defense missile system S-200V at a distance of 240 km, the launch range must be 290 km. At the same time, at the time of the missile launch, the Tu-154M aircraft was 270 km away and in a different angular direction than the target.

12. Was it possible on 04.11.2001 by the radio-technical means of the S-200V anti-aircraft missile system, according to their tactical and technical characteristics, to simultaneously identify and accompany the air unmanned target VR-3 "Flight", Tu-154M, AN-24 aircraft?

No, the radio-technical means of the S-200V air defense missile system do not allow simultaneously identifying and tracking all three named targets.

13. Does the launch time of the 5V28 missile correspond to the crash of the Tu-154M and was determined by the commission of the Interstate Aviation Committee? Is the flight path of the 5V28 missile possible with the objective control data specified in the investigation materials provided by the IAC commission?

Rocket launch 5B28: 12 hours 41 minutes. 20 s. Kyiv time (9 hours 41 minutes 20 seconds UTC). In the materials of the IAC, discrepancies were revealed at a certain point in time of the crash of the Tu-154M aircraft. The probable time of the catastrophe of the Tu-154M aircraft may be 9 o'clock. 49 minutes - 9 h. 50 min. UTC. The results of the examination showed that the flight trajectory of the 5V28 missile given in the materials of the IAC generally contradicts the real principles of the functioning of the S-200V air defense system when the missile is aimed at the target.

14. Is there data indicating that the plane crash was due to the action of the damaging factors of the 5B14Sh combat 5V28 missile?

See p. 16, 17.

15. Can radar tracking of the Tu-154M aircraft be carried out by the radar of the C 200V anti-aircraft missile system and targeting the missile to the target until the warhead is detonated in the event of a power outage of the ROC, and is evidence contained in the materials of the Interstate Aviation Committee confirming the fact that the ROC was activated ?

When the power of the ROC was turned off, it was impossible to accompany the Tu-154M aircraft, and it was also impossible to aim the missile at the target and trigger its radio gear. There is no evidence of the work of the ROC on radiation before the crash of the Tu-154M aircraft in the materials of the IAC.

16. What could lead to the Tu-154M plane crash?

17. Where was the source of influence on the Tu-154M flight "Tel Aviv-Novosibirsk" from tail number RA-85693 (inside or outside of such an aircraft), which caused the crash of such an aircraft on 04.10.2001?

The crash of the Tu-154M aircraft occurred as a result of the action of the middle of numerous solid objects on its part in the direction from above, which had a circular cross-section with a diameter of about 10 mm and had significant kinetic energy. The belonging to a specific explosive device of the submunitions cannot be established due to the lack of appropriate identifying signs. Due to the absence of the upper outer part of the airframe, it is impossible to establish the specific location of the source of impact on the elements of destruction.

Crew

The coordinates of the approximate crash site were determined 42.183333 , 37.616667 42 ° 11 ′ N NS. 37 ° 37 ′ E etc. /  42.183333 ° N NS. 37.616667 ° E etc.(G) (O), which is about 280 kilometers from Novorossiysk.

A special commission was created to establish the causes of the accident. An-26 of the Federal Border Service of Russia urgently flew to the scene of the accident from Gelendzhik. The frontier patrol ship "Grif" set off there as well. Also, the AN-12 aircraft of the Ministry of Defense and the Mi-8 helicopter of the Sochi search and rescue service with rafts and rescuers on board flew to the crash site, two rescue tugs - "Mercury" from Tuapse and "Captain Beklemishchev" from Novorossiysk, as well as a ship from the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia "Rescuer Prokopchik". Airplane An-12 discovered oil stains in the alleged place of the fall. The helicopters found several wrecks of the plane and the bodies of the dead passengers floating on the sea surface.

Versions

Technical investigation

5 october there was information about the holes found in the Tu-154 fuselage, resembling bullet holes, but this information was called premature. The head of the West Siberian Regional Air Transport Directorate Vladimir Tasun said that “according to unverified information, the dispatcher on the radar saw a luminous dot rapidly approaching the plane. This is the only thing that was received from unofficial sources through telephone channels by the employees of the Siberia company from Rostov. " On the same day, rescuers from Israel joined the Russian rescuers, and an analysis of the negotiations of the Tu-154 crew and the analysis of the video tape recording the readings of the radars began. On this day, the Prime Minister of Ukraine Anatoly Kinakh made a statement that the version of the missile hitting the Tu-154 of Siberia Airlines "has the right to exist."

6 october Secretary of the Security Council of Russia Vladimir Rushailo stated that objects that were not related to the aircraft's structure were found at the scene of the accident, and that “the aircraft was destroyed as a result of an explosive damage”. At the same time, Ivan Teterin, head of the Main Directorate of the North Caucasus Regional Center of the EMERCOM of Russia, expressed the opinion that the likelihood of finding any remains of the Tu-154 aircraft at the bottom of the Black Sea is minimal due to the great depth and zero visibility.

October 7th According to the commission, at 13:45:12 a ground tape recorder recorded the scream of a Tu-154 pilot.

October 9 According to the commission, the analysis of holes in the fuselage shows that the aircraft could be hit by a missile of the S-200 air defense system, since the size and shape of the holes are quite consistent with the shrapnel of the high-explosive fragmentation warhead of the missile of this particular complex. Establishing the details of the crash is complicated by the inability to determine the exact place of the plane's fall - the wreckage was scattered over an area with a radius of more than 12 nautical miles.

10 october The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia reported preliminary data from the forensic medical examination of the victims - the cause of death of all 14 passengers, whose bodies were found during search and rescue operations, was barotrauma... Also, according to information from the Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia Sergei Fridinsky, carbon monoxide was found in the blood of the victims, which indicates a fire on board the ship.

October 11 Vladimir Rushailo made public the conclusion of the technical commission investigating the causes of the Tu-154 plane crash: “multiple damages in the form of similar holes indicate the defeat of the Russian plane from the outside”. At the same time Rushailo stressed that "the remains of the plane that fell into the sea were not found due to the complex structure of the bottom, aggressive hydrogen-sulfur environment and a large layer of silt - up to 6 meters."

12 october Press Secretary of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Konstantin Khivrenko, commenting on the preliminary results of the investigation of the incident, admitted that the Ukrainian missile could be the cause of the death of the Tu-154.

13 october Vladimir Rushailo said that according to the analysis of the aircraft wreckage and holes, the anti-aircraft missile exploded 15 meters above the aircraft. At a conference in Kiev, the Minister of Defense of Ukraine apologized to the families and friends of those killed in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 aircraft. "We know that we are involved in the tragedy, although its causes have not yet been fully established."

Ukrainian expertise

Legal investigation and claims for damages

Initially, the General Prosecutor's Office of Russia opened a criminal case under the article "Terrorism" over the crash of a Tu-154 passenger plane over the Black Sea. ... After the publication of the findings of the commission 16 october 2001 year the case was referred to the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine for proceedings, the Russian side officially closed the case.

Immediately after the court's decision, the head of the Fund for Assistance to the Families of the Dead, Boris Kalinovsky, and the Belonogov family, which refused to receive financial assistance, filed a lawsuit for compensation for moral damage - the respondents were the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury of Ukraine. The case was considered in the Pechersk District Court of the city of Kiev and January 30 2008 year compensation was completely denied. In the motivational part of the refusal, it was stated that the defendants' guilt in the crash was not established by the investigation of the prosecutor's office, the evidence presented by the plaintiffs is contradictory and cannot be recognized as a basis for satisfying the claim. The losing party did not appeal against the court's decision.

Simultaneously with the claim from the relatives of the deceased, Siberia Airlines OJSC filed a claim against the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the State Treasury of Ukraine for damages: the amount of the claim included the market value of the destroyed aircraft with additional equipment, expenses related to the investigation of the accident, insurance, loss of profits due to the loss of the aircraft, and non-pecuniary damage. The consideration of the case lasted more than seven years and ended with the victory of the defense of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine: based on an additional analysis of the materials of the State Commission for Investigation carried out by the Kiev Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Examination, the claims were completely refused. 10 october 2011 year the losing party filed an appeal to the Kiev Economic Court of Appeal.

On May 28, 2012, the Kiev Economic Court of Appeal dismissed the complaint filed by the Russian Siberia Airlines (S7 Airlines) against the ruling of the first instance court, which did not admit the guilt of the Ukrainian military in the 2001 crash of the Russian Tu-154. On December 11, 2012, the Supreme Economic Court of Ukraine upheld the decision. The airline representatives announced their intention to contact European Court of Human Rights.

Versions of the causes of the tragedy

Operator error

The S-200 anti-aircraft missile system uses a semi-active guidance system, when the radiation source is a powerful ground radar ("target illumination"), and the missile itself is guided by the signal reflected from the target. In the S-200, there are two main modes of operation of the target illumination radar - MHI (monochromatic radiation) and PCM (phase-code modulation). The MXI mode is usually used to scan the airspace when searching for targets, while determining the elevation angle, azimuth and radial speed of the target, but there is no determination of the range to the target. The range is determined in the FKM mode, but switching the radar to this mode takes up to 30 seconds and may not be performed if there is a lack of time.

It is most likely that during shooting practice involving Air defense Ukraine held The 4th of October 2001 year on Cape Opuk v Crimea, the Ty-154 plane accidentally found itself in the center of the intended firing sector of the training target and had a radial speed close to it, as a result of which it was detected by the C-200 system radar and was taken as a training target. In conditions of lack of time and nervousness caused by the presence of high command and foreign guests, the S-200 operator did not determine the range to the target and "highlighted" the Tu-154 (located at a distance of 250-300 km) instead of an inconspicuous training target (launched from a range of 60 km). Thus, the defeat of the Tu-154 by an anti-aircraft missile was most likely the result not of a missile missing a training target (as is sometimes stated), but of the explicit guidance of the missile by the S-200 operator at an erroneously identified target. The calculation of the complex did not assume the possibility of such an outcome of the shooting and did not take measures to prevent it. The dimensions of the range did not ensure the safety of firing such a range of air defense systems. The organizers of the shooting did not take the necessary measures to free the airspace.

Terrorist attack

Due to the absence of the remains of the aircraft and the "black boxes" that were never found, the establishment of absolutely reliable causes of the crash was recognized by the KNIISE expertise as impossible, but based on the available information, Ukrainian experts suggested that the plane was damaged by an explosive device that could have been “Between the ceiling of the interior of the aircraft” and its body.

The reaction of the highest officials of the states affected by the plane crash

Russia

Ukraine

Israel

The statement of the Ukrainian president "there are tragedies of a larger scale" shocked the world community. L. D. Kuchma's frivolous statement provoked an angry reaction from official Israel. Press secretary Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon this is how he commented on the statement of the Ukrainian president:

When the murdered person is not a representative of your people, then it is probably possible to make such academic inferences. 78 people died, most of whom were Israelis - for us this is the greatest tragedy.

The 16th episode of the series "Aerobatics" (Russia, 2009) contains references to the described disaster: a Russian Il-86 plane made a flight from Tel Aviv to Moscow, got into the zone of Ukraine's air defense training firing over the Black Sea and was shot down from the S-200 air defense system (in the film, however, the plane managed to land in the steppe in the Kuban)

Perpetuation of memory

Ten years later

Notes (edit)

1. I am not me and the rocket is not mine
2. Plane crash of flight Tu-154 Tel-Aviv-Novosibirsk (2001). Help | Help | RIA Novosti news line
3. "The crash of the Tu-154 plane in the Black Sea was due to a terrorist attack"
4. Crash of Tu-154 plane in the Black Sea
5. Chronicle of the tragedy
6. Western media report that the Tu-154 plane was shot down by a missile from the territory of Ukraine
7. Tu-154 was shot down by a Ukrainian missile?
8. In search of a Ukrainian trace
9. No bullet holes found on Tu-154 fuselage - News NEWSru.com
10. There is practically no hope for Triton
11. "Barotrauma became the cause of death of TU-154 passengers"
12. “Secretary of the Russian Security Council Vladimir Rushailo told reporters the conclusion of the technical commission. ... "
13. "Conclusion of the commission to investigate the death of TU-154:" the plane was hit from the outside ""
14. NEWSru.com news :: Experts deny that the Russian Tu-154, which fell into the Black Sea in 2001, was shot down by a Ukrainian missile
15. Experts deny the defeat of the Russian aircraft by a Ukrainian missile in 2001 // RIAN news Ukraine.
16. Ukraine sees no reason to initiate a case on the Tu-154 crash
17. The investigation is over, forget
18. The Prosecutor General's Office again took up the case of the crash of the Russian Tu-154 over the Black Sea
19. The court ordered the Ukrainian prosecutor's office to reopen the case on the Tu-154 plane crash
20. The Economic Court of Kiev rejected the claim of Siberia Airlines against the Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury of Ukraine
21. Ukraine denies claim to families of victims of Tu-154 crash
22. The decision of the Kiev court in the case of the Tu-154 shot down in 2001 is appealed
23. The Ukrainian military was not involved in the incident with the Tu-154 in 2001, the court confirmed // RIA Novosti, 28/05/2012, 15:27
24. Khripun, V .; Shagiakhmetov, P. Ukraine will appear before the ECHR. Kommersant(December 12, 2012). Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.