Not everyone dreams of golden beach sand on hot summer days. For some, plunging into the warm sea is the highest point of pleasure, while others choose the snow-white tops of mountain ranges as a break from the gray, boring everyday life. Fans of the Alps and Carpathians sometimes don’t even realize the existence of another picturesque and dynamic mountain system near the Barents Sea, Khibiny (Murmansk region).

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If you know the location of the Khibiny massif on the map of Russia, it is easy to compare the advantageous location and the existence of an entire tourist infrastructure in order to decide where the next ski holiday will take place.

Khibiny is a low mountain system with greatest height at 2 thousand 200 m. Of course, the adrenaline is not the same as in the Alps, but the tourist will definitely have no reason to worry about the presence of snow, because there is plenty of it here. This guarantee of snow-capped peaks is provided by the location of the Khibiny - Polar region. The main city here is Kirovsk. The entire infrastructure for tourists is concentrated here, divided into 4 ski areas. Nearby there is also the city of Apatity with its ski lifts and ski slopes. About the Khibiny mountains of Murmansk There is little written about the area even in the famous Wikipedia, and not everyone knows how to get there, but this information will certainly be useful to the most purposeful.

Khibiny: where to find and how to get there

This massif is more than 300 million years old. The highest point of the mountains is Yudychvumchorr and occupies an altitude of 1 thousand 200 m above sea level. Despite its very modest size, the massif is the most majestic in the entire Arctic. According to tourists who have already been lucky enough to visit the Khibiny Mountains, the air here is very thin, but not because of the high location, as is commonly believed, but because of the Arctic currents.

Kola Peninsula- this is where the Khibiny Mountains are located. Kirovsk, which is the main city, is located near Helsinki, the Finnish capital, and is one of the most influential in the Murmansk region. The beauty of the Khibiny town is enclosed in a mountain half-ring, closed on the fourth side by Lake Bolshoi Vudyavr. The city arose relatively recently, in the 20s, as a result of industrial development of the mineral apatite. Kirovsk can be found on the southern slope of the mountains and just 12 km from it, on the banks of the Belaya River, Apatity is located. The territory is part of the Zasheikovsky forestry.

It's easy to get to a snowy Russian fairy tale. Khibiny Airport is an hour's drive from Kirovsk and receives flights from St. Petersburg and Moscow. Since the passenger flow is quite large, the small airport simply cannot cope and most tourists prefer to fly through Murmansk, which receives daily flights from any corner of the vast Motherland.

Which airlines fly to Khibiny:

• "RusLine";
• "Russia";
• "UTair".

Already from Murmansk you can get to Khibiny by regular bus in just 3–3.5 hours. A train transfer will take a tourist a whole day.

Climatic conditions of the mountains

The climate of the Khibiny region is very mysterious and unusual for the average Russian living somewhere in central regions. The Khibiny Mountains are located a little to the north Arctic Circle, which means that in addition to the mountains and active rest a visitor has the opportunity to experience the famous polar night, which lasts here from mid-December to the second half of December. During this period of time the sun does not rise in the sky at all. For those who came in the summer months, nature provided a polar day that lasts throughout June and early July. During this period, the sun constantly shines in the sky and does not set even at night.

The Arctic is famous for its very harsh climate, but the Khibiny mountains retain enough about the mild and hospitable weather all year round. Of course, the weather is often unpredictable and snow falls heavily even in Egypt, so it should not surprise anyone that in the Khibiny winter temperatures can reach -30–35 degrees Celsius. Sparkling snow covers the ground from autumn until late spring, and in some places, especially loved by tourists, the cover can be seen in summer.

According to regulars of these places, the Khibiny Mountains are most hospitable in April - May, since during this period the weather is clearest, daylight hours are long and the snow cover is most favorable for skiing. Those who come to meet you in the mountains New Year and Christmas, can witness incredible beauty and magic

Nature Khibiny

Upon entering Kirovsk ski resort Khibiny appears before the eyes of the tourist in all its glory. The peaks of the Vudyavrchorr and Aykuaivenchorr mountains rise majestically above the city (trans. “Sleeping Beauty”). On the slopes of the first is located one of the three unique polar botanical gardens. As you climb the slope of the Khibiny mountain higher and higher, you can observe how one natural landscape comes to replace another. The ascent begins from the valley tundra, then moves into the spruce taiga, then into the crooked birch forest, which gives way to alpine mosses and ends with the Arctic desert.

If you are tired of mountain tracks, you can change the slope with a flat ski track, which has a length of 14 km. The track is equipped for the convenience of tourists and is equipped with snowmobiles and scooters. Fans of hiking can use the services of a helicopter, which will take extreme sports enthusiasts to any of the four Khibiny peaks for very modest money. Here tourists will be able to test their survival skills and, going down the slope, enjoy the pristine nature of the Khibiny . Experienced athletes can ride on one of the heli-skiing mountain paths, but only under the supervision of an instructor, since these slopes are dangerous for avalanches.

The mineral resources of the Khibiny are carefully hidden in the tectonic structure of the mountains. There is iron ore, copper-nickel ores, and oil. But the main asset, of course, is the bluish-green apatite stones.

Overnight

Ski resort Khibiny is now experiencing particularly rapid development. Unfortunately, the hotel business has not yet reached the level of popular European resorts, but tourists note that in recent years many cozy hotels have appeared in Apatity and Kirovsk. Tourists who have visited the Khibiny Mountains are advised to approach the choice of accommodation with special attention and look for a hotel near their favorite ski slope. Each of the four ski resorts has its own hostels and hotels. Tourists may also enjoy accommodation in the private sector. Prices for accommodation in hotels and the private sector are relatively low, but the most economical option is still a hostel.

What to expect from the trails?

Khibiny is a real paradise for lovers of active recreation. In addition to standard tracks of any complexity, there is a modular stadium, springboards, and an ice skating rink. Austrian snowcats compact the ski track. Companies can climb to the top using chairlifts or numerous bugles. Equipment rental points and cafes are open 24 hours a day. Choosing a route for the entire vacation period, you need to take into account your skills, since each of the complexes has different level characteristics. The most gifted and trained skiers prefer the Kukisvumchorr and “Twenty-fifth Kilometer” slopes, while simpler athletes respect the “Northern Slope”. Board lovers are recommended to visit Khibiny Snow Park.

Ski resort prices

Apatity and Kirovsk are considered places for budget ski holiday. The cost of ski passes and lifts is completely different everywhere, depending on the length of the lift and the ski area:

This ski resort is still which is only at the development stage, but the dynamics are impressive. That is why foreign and Russian investors are trying to invest in it to the maximum and make Khibiny a worthy, and most importantly, affordable replacement for expensive European resorts for everyone.

The Khibiny Mountains are a mountain system that has attracted researchers and nature lovers since ancient times. They are not as difficult to reach as other areas. You can get to the mountains by car. Or another option is to get to Murmansk by plane or train.

Location and terrain

The Khibiny Mountains are located between and Umbozero. They are an array consisting of plateau-like peaks. The highest point is 1201 m. This is Mount Yudychvumchorr, which is part of the Khibiny massif. The average height of the mountains is 1000 meters.

There are many traces of ancient glacial activity. Circuses and punishments talk about this. And also troughs - valleys plowed by a glacier, similar to troughs.

There are results of the activity of permafrost - kurums, the so-called stone rivers. And on the plateau there are entire stone seas.

Geological structure

The Khibiny Mountains are a crystalline structure - an intrusion. This is a solid geological body composed of rocks of igneous origin. There are only 8 such intrusions in the world. This is a horseshoe-shaped massif, mostly composed of rocks - nepheline syenites. In ancient times, there were huge volcanoes here, which cooled down and the magma crystallized. Therefore, about 800 different minerals were found here. Some of them are specific only to a given territory.

Names of modern settlements correspond to the minerals found here: Nepheline sands, Apatity, Titan. After the heavy glacial shell descended from these mountains, this territory experienced tectonic uplift. It occurred unevenly, as evidenced by the nature of the geological structures. They look like funnels, the edges of which are composed of older rocks than the center. For approximately 20 million years, the Khibiny Mountains rose 500 meters above the surrounding plains. Then there was a long break of 15 million years. Then the mountains began to grow again, this time their height doubled.

Climate

Climatic conditions, dependent on geographical location, have the Khibiny mountains. On the map of the North-West in the European part of Russia you can see that most of peninsula is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Despite this fact, the climate here is much warmer than in others. The severity of the local weather is mitigated by the close location of the Barents Sea, since the North Cape warm current enters this part of the ocean. Therefore, the climate here is quite mild, and severe frosts are relatively rare.

Due to the location of the Khibiny in the Arctic, twilight reigns here for six months. In winter, daylight hours are very short and last 2-3 hours. The polar night lasts about four months - a period when the sun does not rise above the horizon. And due to its proximity to the planet’s magnetic pole, you can observe a very impressive phenomenon - the northern lights.

Summer lasts two and a half months. The highest positive temperatures are +20 in July. The average for the month is +13 degrees. The coldest period lasts during January. The average temperature of the month is -11 degrees. And the Khibiny Mountains have the most negative mark in winter -35 0 C. Photos of these places show that there are often fogs and high clouds here. This indicates the influence of cyclones on the territory. Precipitation falls mostly in the form of snow.

Flora

The vegetation cover consists of several belts. The zone of coniferous and mixed forests is located mainly at the foot of the mountains and in river valleys at low altitudes. This belt ends at an altitude of 470 meters and occupies a third of the massif. It is dominated by spruce and birch. In the forest you can find rowan, aspen and bird cherry.

Higher up begins the zone of subalpine birch forests. It stretches as a narrow strip between the belts of forest and tundra. Swimmingweed, geranium, and thistle grow here.

Next comes the mountain-tundra zone. It occupies about half of the entire area of ​​the Khibiny Mountains. Below, shrubby vegetation is common. The berry season continues in early August. Blueberries, blueberries and cloudberries are ripening. At the beginning of autumn, the time for lingonberries comes. Above is the moss-lichen tundra. Green and sphagnum mosses predominate here. Lichens cover large boulders stone rivers. Many plants included in the Red Book grow here.

Toponymy of names

The Sami are considered the indigenous people in the Khibiny region. On the map of these mountains the names are entirely in the language of this people. However, their meanings are different. Since there are several dialects in the Kola Peninsula.

One of the versions of the origin of the name of the mountains is from the word “khiben” - a flat hill. The Sami conventionally divided the Khibiny mountains into two parts: Umbozero and Lavozero. The first in their language sounded like Umptek, the second - Luyavrurt.

The Sami first came up with the name of the river, and then the valley was named from it. And only then the ridges were designated. The first part of the word is a sign of an object (high, rocky). The second meant geographical feature(mountain, river, lake). For example, Lake Vudyavr. Wood - a hill covered with bushes. The root of yavr is lake. Thus, the Sami gave simple descriptions of objects. Among them is Vudyavr - a lake on a hill with bushes.

The Khibiny Mountains are a wonderful region that you just want to visit. This unique place, where mountains, tundra, many lakes with clear water and the northern lights are combined. Khibiny is rightly called a treasury of minerals.

Khibiny is a large mountain range Kola Peninsula, which occupies a large area on the map of the Murmansk region. It is also a famous ski resort, which is popular among Russian citizens and foreign tourists.

The largest mountain system in the Russian Arctic is the Khibiny Mountains. This mountain range has a long history and is famous not only for its beauty, but also for its excellent ski slopes. Khibiny on the map of Russia is located on the Kola Peninsula in the Murmansk region. This peninsula is surrounded by mountains, and the city of Kirovsk was founded only at the beginning of the 20th century.

The name “Khibiny” is associated with the indigenous tribes who lived here many centuries ago. The Sami did not have a written language and gave names to all objects, including the mountain system, in their own language.

Over time, the names changed because they were passed on from mouth to mouth and were not recorded anywhere. The name of the mountains comes from the Finnish word “hiben”, which meant plateau or flat top. This is exactly how the ancient Finnish and Sami peoples imagined the now known mountain system.

According to archaeologists, the geological age of Khibiny is more than 350 million years, but the exact origin of this rock has not yet been established. The distinctive feature of mountains is that they were formed by igneous rocks and other rock-forming materials. The peaks of the massif are plateau-shaped and have steep slopes.

On the map of the Russian mountain system, the highest point of the Khibiny is Mount Yudychvumchorr, which has a height of 1200.5 m above sea level. From the outside these are inaccessible rocks with a steep cliff. According to modern data, the area of ​​Khibiny is 1300 km². Their location on the world map: 67°44′05″ N. w. 33°43′34″ E. (exact coordinates of the mountain system).

The entire mountain range has the shape of a huge horseshoe with a small open area on the eastern part. The relief differs from other Russian mountain systems with high, flat plateaus and deep valleys. There is snow in the valleys throughout the year. Particularly important for modern researchers is the variety of minerals, many of which were discovered in this massif.

In scientific works there is often a mention of Khibiny as a mineralogical natural museum, which is absolutely true. Here there are huge deposits of minerals such as apatite and titanium ores, which became the basis for the formation and development of the mining industry of the North.

Now there are 4 mines operating here, where mining is carried out in several ways: open, but the number of such mountain ranges is rapidly decreasing and underground.

Geographic map of Khibiny in Russia

Khibiny on the map of Russia is a popular tourist place, because the first system of ski routes in the entire region was developed and implemented here. Both experienced experts come here for extreme climbing, as well as tourists for training routes.

Mountain exploration

There are few well-known scientists connected with the study of the Khibiny Mountains, because for a long time no one studied this mountain system. With captain of the Corps of Mining Engineers N.V. Shirokshin is associated geographical discovery mountains, as well as another equally significant personality - academician A. Middendorf.

Both researchers studied the mountains at the beginning of the 20th century, although the massif was known even earlier - in 1775, when the corresponding marks were placed on the map of the Academy of Sciences in this place. Information from 1611 confirms the presence of a lake in this area.

At the beginning of the 20th century, few works of researchers were known that concerned only the outskirts. For example, the works of the Finnish geologist V. Ramsay, who was one of the first to illuminate the Khibiny mountain range in the scientific literature, are significant. Shortly before his works, such researchers as Sh. Velen, N. Kudryavtsev and Sh. Rabo visited the Khibiny.

Let's take a closer look at the contributions of each of the main researchers.

I.I. Lepekhin

The Russian encyclopedist, traveler, naturalist and outstanding academician I.I. was involved in the study of Khibiny. Lepekhin. He became one of the first researchers who, since 1772, has been studying and describing the central part of the Kola Peninsula. I.I. Lepekhin visited the areas adjacent to the mountain range from the south.

N.V. Shirokshin

In 1834 engineer N.V. Shirokshin was the first to geologically describe the Western slope of the mountains. His scientific contribution was enormous for the study of the entire peninsula, although contemporaries no longer attach such importance due to the works of his followers. He not only penetrated the Khibiny, but also discovered previously unknown ores.

V. Ramsay

It is V. Ramzai who is considered a pioneer in the Khibiny Mountains, but not the discoverer. Under his leadership, expedition members from the Russian Academy of Sciences made the most accurate geological description of the mountains over two seasons (1891-1892).

The scientist, together with the expedition group, advanced to more remote areas that had not previously been described by anyone, compiled a map of the studied territory and collected important additional geological mineralogical data.

A.E. Fersman

One of the main goals of Academician A.E. Fersman - the study of a deserted region and “subordination of it to the will of the Soviet man.” It was this researcher who made the greatest contribution to the study of the peninsula, the Khibiny Mountains and the construction of routes to areas that had not previously been explored. He was also the founder of the Khibiny mountain research station.

A mineral was named in honor of the academician, as well as one of the passes of the Khibiny mountain system.

Distinctive features of the mountains

The Khibiny mountain range has a number of features that make it attractive to foreign tourists and Russian citizens. This is justified not only by the location, but also by the topography, climate in this area and the presence of interesting flora and fauna.

Climate

The Khibiny mountain system is located in the northern part of the Arctic Circle. Between mid-December and the second half of January, the sun does not rise. But this also has the advantage of a polar day, which lasts almost a month. During the summer season from June to early July the sun does not set.

A distinctive feature of the climate in the Khibiny Mountains is not typical for the Arctic temperature regime due to the proximity of the Gulf Stream. Tourists report mild winters, but temperatures often drop to -35°C. In many regions the snow does not melt even in summer, but in others the temperature rises to +20°C.

Travelers who want to come to the Khibiny ski resort should preferably choose the period from April to May, when the climate is mild and windy. People also come to Khibiny in winter, for example, on New Year and Christmas. In winter, tourists are attracted by the fact that all the trails are illuminated by the aurora at night.

Flora and fauna

The flora of the Khibiny mountain system is valuable and includes many plant species that are included in the Red Book.

Here you can see:

• dwarf trees;
• coniferous trees, for example, birch, spruce;
• cereal vegetation: oxalis, groundsel, alpine bluegrass.

The Khibiny flora includes 27 different species of mammals that are found in other areas of the Murmansk region, 123 species of birds and only 2 species of reptiles and one species of amphibian. Many of the fauna are also protected by the state and are on the verge of extinction.

Fauna in the Khibiny Mountains includes:

Minerals

According to modern data from geologists and researchers of the Khibiny mountain system, there are more than 500 different minerals here, many of which are of particular value. There are also minerals here that are not found anywhere else.

There are no other similar systems with a similar set of minerals, which is one of the features of the Khibiny. Rare minerals are constantly accumulating here and new deposits are being created.

Among the common minerals in the Khibiny are:

How to get there?

There are several ways to get to Khibiny:

• by plane;
• by train;
• by bus.

Each type of transportation has its own characteristics that should be taken into account before traveling. Khibiny is located quite remotely on the map of Russia. There is no airport in the city of Kirovsk and railway station, so tourists should focus on the city of Apatitov, which is 20 km away.

By plane

The most convenient and fastest way is by plane to the airport, which is located forty minutes from Kirovsk by car. There are flights from Moscow, St. Petersburg and Khabarovsk.

The airport on the peninsula is small, but there are quite a lot of flights. For example, the following airlines operate flights from Khabarovsk: Nord Avia and Rossiya. You can get from the airport by taxi or bus. Taxi cost – 800 – 1000 rubles.

By train

Tourists who want to get to Khibiny by train from Moscow spend on average about 24 hours on the road, taking into account the transfer in Apatity, so it is recommended to choose air transport. The cost of travel in a compartment is 3000 rubles.

By bus

Another equally popular way of transportation among tourists is by regular bus, which departs from Murmansk. On average, buses cover the distance in three hours. From other cities that are located at a more distant distance, the travel time will be significantly longer. The cost of travel from Murmansk is 700 rubles.

Ski resorts

The Khibiny Mountains occupy a special place on the map of Russia, because it is a mountain range that is effectively used for the development of skiing and recreation for tourists from all over the world. In Kirovsk, within an area of ​​30 km, there are 4 popular ski resorts.

"Kolasportland"

The trails of this complex are located on the slope of Mount Aykuaivenchorr, their total length is 30 km. The complexes are suitable not only for snowboarders, but also ski jumpers, and there are also freestyle ski jumps.
You can get to the complex by bus No. 102 or taxi.

"Big Woodyavr"

The resort will captivate tourists with a variety of routes. The height difference on the slopes is 650 m, so both professionals and beginner skiers and snowboarders can ski here.

• The cost of ski passes in 2019: for 2 hours - 600 rubles; and for 1 day - 1400 rubles.
• Address: Kirovsk, Northern and Southern slopes of Mount Aykuaivenchorr.
• Opening hours: Sunday to Thursday - from 10:00 to 18:00, Friday and Saturday - from 10:00 to 19:00.

Kukisvumchorr

This ski resort is surrounded by the Khibinogorsk massif and is located in the city of Kirovsk. There are 6 trails with a total length of 10 km of varying steepness, so they are suitable for both professional athletes and beginner skiers. There is also a training track with lifts for children.

2 hours	4 hours	1 day	5 days
500 rub.	800 rub.	1200 rub.	4500 rub.

The cost of a one-time lift is 200 rubles. You can also rent special equipment. The cost depends on the types and quality of equipment. You can get to the resort from Kirovsk and Apatity by public transport. Ski resort open daily from 11:00 to 18:00.

"Snow Park"

Economy class ski resort – “Snow Park”, which is located within the city of Kirovsk. Its main feature is its convenient location within walking distance from the city center, and also has the most low prices.

Ski pass prices in 2019:

• 1 lift – 20 rubles;
• 1 hour – 150 rub.;
• 2 hours – 250 rub.;
• 1 day – 500 rub.

Main attractions

At the foot of the Khibiny Mountains there are the cities of Kirovsk and Apatity, which do not have much history and mainly specialize in ski tourism. The visiting card of Kirovsk is the Khibiny Mountains, but there are other attractions that are worth visiting

Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute

The project of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute was prepared by N.A. Avrorin, who independently promoted this idea. In 1932, work began on the creation of a botanical garden, which tourists can now visit in Kirovsk. The collection of plants is constantly updated, so this place is very popular among tourists.

You can visit the botanical garden by prior arrangement. Address: Kirovsk, st. Botanical Garden.

Museum and Exhibition Center

One of the most modern museums in the Murmansk region is the Apatit Museum and Exhibition Center, which is located in the center of the city of Kirovsk and is decorated with a clock tower. You can visit the museum absolutely free, and you can also rent an audio guide.

• Museum opening hours: from 9:00 to 21:00 from Monday to Sunday.
• Address: Lenina Ave., 4A, Kirovsk.

Literary Museum of V. Erofeev

The Literary Museum was founded after the death of the writer V. Erofeev in 2001. Visitors will be able to see in the museum the writer’s personal collection of belongings, photographs, draft materials and literary works. The writer is well known in Kirovsk, so it’s worth visiting the museum to learn more about the work of V. Erofeev and his contribution to modern literature.

• Museum opening hours: 11:00 to 19:00, closed on Friday and Sunday.
• Address: Kirovsk, st. Lenina, 15.

Snow Village

This tourist centre is located at the foot of the Khibiny mountain range and attracts tourists with its beauty and picturesque nature. Tourists are especially attracted by the contrast between the Polar Night and Polar Day. Here you can also see ice sculptures made by local artists or attend a large-scale event dedicated to the city.

• Ticket price for adults– 600 rubles, for children – 300 rubles.
• Schedule: from 11:00 to 21:00 from Monday to Sunday.

Khibiny Hotels

Well developed in Kirovsk private sector, so tourists will be able to rent apartments not in a hotel, but through the owner of the apartment or house, and there are also several hotels. You can find out the prices of hotel rooms on official websites or by calling. On average, a room will cost from 1,500 rubles. up to 7,000 rubles, but you can also find both more expensive and cheaper options.

Hostel "Kukisvumchorr"

Hostel "Kukisvumchorr" is located at the foot of the GC "Kukisvumchorr". The cost of living per day per person is about 600 rubles; during the tourist season the cost is often increased to 800-900 rubles. The room rate includes a bed and a separate shower and toilet. There is also a large kitchen with a microwave, kettles, stoves and a dishwasher.

Tourists are also attracted by the location of the hostel, because it is within walking distance from the ski lift, the Pyaterochka store and a public transport stop.

"Sport"

It will cost more to stay at an economy-class Sport hotel in a residential area than in a hostel. On average, the cost of a standard double room per person is 800 rubles. You can get to the hotel by public transport.

"Tirvas"

Spa Hotel Tirvas is an excellent option for tourists who prefer comfortable stay. The hotel is located 10 minutes by car from Kirovsk, as well as the main attractions of the city.

Hotel guests can use the restaurant, visit the sauna, relax in the picturesque garden or rent ski equipment. The hotel has comfortable rooms with everything you need: cable TV, refrigerator, Wi-Fi, private bathroom, excellent mountain views.

The cost of a double room is about 2,000 rubles, and a family room for three guests is 5,700 rubles. Hotel "Tirvas" is located at: st. Botanical Garden, 29, Kirovsk.

"Upper Room"

Hotel "Gornitsa" is one of the most famous hotels in the city of Kirovsk, which is famous for its history, location and the fact that athletes come here. The hotel has 18 high-quality rooms, which differ in services and prices. Guests can also visit the on-site cafe, swimming pool, sauna and billiards.

The hotel is located in the city center near all attractions at the address: st. Dzerzhinskogo, 19. The cost of a single room in a hotel averages about 2,000 rubles, a double room – from 3,200 rubles. up to 5000 rub.

"Rowanushka"

The Ryabinushka recreation center is an excellent option for a budget vacation. The camp site is located 25 km (Kukisvumchorr microdistrict) not far from the ascent to Mount Kukisvumchorr. You can also travel from Ryabinushka by public transport to the City Slope of Aykuaivenchorr.

"Northern"

The Severnaya Hotel is located on Lenin Avenue in Kirovsk, not far from the Bolshoi Vudyavr entertainment center and the ski lift.

Guests of this hotel can enjoy free Wi-Fi and a gym with plenty of sports equipment. The rooms are decorated in light colors and equipped with dark wooden furniture, which gives a special luxury and homely atmosphere. Cost of living in single room– from 4500 rubles, and in a double room – from 6500 rubles.

Cafes and restaurants Khibiny

There are few catering establishments in Khibiny, but there are both popular tourist places and establishments for local residents. There are good atmospheric establishments where everyone can feel the homely atmosphere, as well as a bar with a large selection of alcoholic drinks.

Cafe "Chocolate"

In Kirovsk in mall"Olympus" is a small atmospheric cafe "Chocolate". The interior of the establishment is made in warm, rich colors that invite you to relax.

Here you should try spring rolls, desserts, fresh salads and something from the coffee selection. There is a special playground for tourists with children, and there is also a TV with various popular cartoons. Couples in love can retire on the sofas. The prices in the establishment are affordable, especially considering the cuisine, assortment of dishes and presentation.

Restaurant "Severny"

One of the best restaurants in Kirovsk is “Severny”, which is located at Lenin Ave., 11. The establishment is located near popular attractions of the city - the museum of the Apatit exhibition center and the house-museum of S.M. Kirov.

The Severny restaurant specializes in European and Russian cuisine, but there is a separate menu with northern dishes. The interior of the establishment is made in a classic style, it is characterized by a solemn mood and a luxurious atmosphere. You should definitely try fish dishes and desserts. Prices in the restaurant are high, so dinner for two can cost 2,000 rubles.

Cafe "Nikafe"

In Kirovsk, the cafe "Nikafe" is located at the address: st. Mira, 10.
This is the oldest cafe in the city and one of the most popular places among local residents. Here you should try Caesar salad, fish dishes, northern delicacies and herbal tea.

Bar-restaurant in the entertainment center "Bolshoi Vudyavr"

Entertainment Center is located in the city center at the address: st. Lenina, 8. The bar-restaurant has a large assortment of delicacies, European dishes and alcoholic drinks. The establishment has an average price policy, so it is suitable for budget holiday.

What should I bring?

The eternally snowy Khibiny Mountains with ski resorts have a fairly large selection of souvenirs and gift products.
Let's look at the most popular souvenirs that tourists bring from Khibiny.

Ceramic plates with views of the Khibiny

Decorative plates with various types of Khibiny are especially popular. You can buy it at any souvenir shop or market. The cost depends on the specific option, but on average such a souvenir will cost from 200 to 1000 rubles.

You can buy not only plates from ceramics, but also vases, bowls, pots, vessels, panels and other products that will add special comfort to your apartment and become an excellent reminder of your vacation.

Paintings with imitation petroglyphs

Petroglyphs of Kanozero are objects cultural heritage and are especially valued in Khibiny. Petroglyphs are rock paintings that date back to the 4th-2nd millennium BC. Tourists can buy imitation paintings in souvenir shops. The cost depends on the size and manufacturer, but on average the cost of one painting is 2,000 rubles.

Geographic Maps

You can buy it as a souvenir geographic Maps different types, for example, they sell world maps here, as well as maps of the Khibiny mountain system.

In a small souvenir shop, prices start from approximately 400 rubles. and higher.

Bone amulets

Bone amulets are a reminder of a person’s origins, as well as a bright accessory that will add originality to the image.

The cost depends on the specific product, because it is often made from expensive materials or minerals, but you can also find souvenir products for 200-400 rubles.

Reindeer skin slippers

For supporters of ethical products, this option won't suit you, but others might want to consider slippers made from reindeer skin and wool. Usually such products are sold in souvenir shops and related stores.
Cost from approximately 1500 rubles. and higher, but you should count on more expensive products in popular tourist destinations.

Sami figurines made of leather, horns, wood and fur

The ethnic peoples who lived in this territory many centuries ago are the Sami. They had original rituals, culture and attire. Now tourists can buy products that resemble the appearance of the Sami, recreated according to historical information.

You can buy products at any souvenir shop, but for a larger variety of products you should contact the appropriate store. The cost of small wooden Sami figurines is 100 rubles, and figurines made from other materials will cost more.

Magnets, key holders and photo frames made of driftwood

Popular souvenirs include magnets with images of various attractions, natural phenomena or mountains, key holders with key rings and frames. In Khibiny you can buy all these products from a common material - driftwood. The cost of one souvenir item is from 100 rubles. and higher.

The frame will perfectly complement the decor of the apartment and will remind you of your trip to this ski resort, especially if you put a personal photo from your vacation, so you should pay attention to these souvenirs.

Jam from cloudberries or blueberries, soaked lingonberries

A delicious souvenir from Khibiny can be jam, which is produced by local residents, but can be bought in the supermarket.
This is not only a good souvenir, but also an excellent gift for loved ones, costing from 130 rubles.

Marinated mushrooms

Another edible souvenir that is popular among tourists is pickled mushrooms. You can also buy mushrooms in the supermarket, but you should pay attention to the offers of local residents, because they are not inferior and are made according to old recipes. On average, a small jar of pickled mushrooms will cost 140 rubles.

Dried Murmansk ruff

Dried ruff is one of the main features of the Murmansk region. It is best to buy fish in special stores, because the cost is higher and the quality level is confirmed. On average, a kilogram of fish will cost 600 rubles.

Khibiny on the map of Russia is not only a famous mountain range, but also a popular tourist destination, which is visited annually by thousands of tourists from all over the world.

Article format: Vladimir the Great

Video about Khibiny

Excursion to the Khibiny Mountains:

They are beautiful, mysterious and dangerous. All this about Khibiny Mountains or simply Khibiny - the largest massif on the Kola Peninsula. He saw this region as it was many centuries ago, because the age of the mountains is estimated to be over 390 million years.

If you look at the Khibiny Mountains from above, you can see an oval ring. Mostly there are plateau-like peaks and river valleys, deep gorges, circuses (amphitheater basins) and kara (bowls on the slopes), and all this is surrounded by the Khibiny tundra.

Even in the rare hot summer there is snow on the peaks, and this is also where the first snowflakes in the region are met before the onset of winter. Snow often falls here at the end of August.
Many animals are found in the tundra, including those with rare and protected status. Reindeer, arctic fox, marten, hazel grouse, capercaillie, Norwegian lemming, freshwater pearl mussel, common viper, viviparous lizard. The rivers are inhabited by brown trout, whitefish, char, grayling and others.

The Khibiny vegetation is the filling of a multi-layer pie. With height, tundra, forest-tundra and taiga replace each other. The forest zone at the foot smoothly transitions into a belt of subalpine birch forests and alpine tundra at the tops of the mountains.

At high altitudes you can observe an interesting phenomenon: strong winds and constant cold make it very difficult for trees to grow here. That’s why birch trees grow to the level of grass or even spread along the ground. But you can find here many types of flowers, cereals, berries and others: sorrel, groundsel, alpine bluegrass, saxifrage, cloudberry, lingonberry, crowberry, blueberry.

The Khibiny Mountains began to be developed and studied only in the 20th century, when people realized that it was not only a nice place, but also rich: previously unknown minerals were discovered here.

The Khibiny Mountains are living mountains in every sense of the word. The formation of their relief continues, although the main artist was the glacier that covered the massif millions of years ago. But even today the Khibiny Mountains rise by about 1-2 centimeters per year. Occasionally, earthquakes occur here, mostly magnitude 3-4, mostly caused by the development of deposits in mines. With each passing decade, the surface of the mountains becomes sharper, this is due to weathering.

This makes the Khibiny even more dangerous, although people here should already be as careful as possible. In winter, there is a high risk of an avalanche. In summer, rockfalls occur and tourists trip on narrow mountain paths. Sometimes, even on a seemingly flat surface, there are dangerous surprises - holes that serve as entrances to underground caves.

That is why it is better to go to the Khibiny Mountains with an experienced guide and as part of an organized group. You must first register with the regional Ministry of Emergency Situations.

The same rules apply to those who want to engage in winter sports in the Khibiny Mountains. This the best place in the Murmansk region for skiing and snowboarding. Several slopes and recreation centers are equipped for athletes, where the tracks are checked by Russian and international specialists.

Also, the following Khibiny attractions will be of interest to tourists: lakes Maly and Bolshoy Vudyavr, Akademicheskoe, Geographers passes, Yuksporlak, Shchel, Ganeshin circus, Beautiful waterfall and others.

Several have been developed especially for lovers of walking and spending the night in the open air. walking routes: Blue Lakes gorge - Pyrrhotite gorge, molybdenum mine - Geographers pass, Geographers pass - Vudyavrchorr mountain, Ramzaya gorge - Malaya Belaya river valley, western and eastern Petrelius passes, North and South Chorrgor aervals, Kuelpor - South Chorrgor pass - Lake Imandra, gorge Aku-Aku, Risyok River - South Rischorr Pass - Marchenko Peak, astrophyllites of Mount Eveslogchorr.

There are many in Russia beautiful mountains. One of them is the Khibiny Mountains. Once here, you will see stunning snowy peaks, clean lakes, noisy waterfalls, mountain...

From Masterweb

11.06.2018 02:00

There are many beautiful mountains in Russia. One of them is the Khibiny Mountains. Once here, you will see stunning snowy peaks, clear lakes, noisy waterfalls, mountain tundra and even the northern lights. Let's find out where the Khibiny Mountains are located and why they are interesting.

Geographical position

To get to this unique place, you need to go to Murmansk region. The Khibiny Mountains are located on the Kola Peninsula, in its very center. On both sides they are limited by lakes - Imandra and Umbozero. There is always snow on the steep slopes, because the massif is located beyond the Arctic Circle (67th parallel). Forest-tundra is adjacent.

Initially the mountains were called Umptek. Translated from the language of the local residents, the Sami, this means “a place where reindeer come to die.” However, later another name took root - Khibiny (“plateau”). The shape of the array resembles two horseshoes, one of which is nested inside the other. From space it looks very much like a huge stone flower.

Formation

Khibiny - ancient mountains located on the territory of Russia. They are believed to be about 390 million years old. The formation of the massif occurred in several stages. Initially, where the Khibiny Mountains are located now, powerful streams of hot magma flowed. Giant volcanoes gradually cooled, laying down the main forms of the plateau.

The second stage was glaciation. It began 1 million years ago. Glaciers advanced from Scandinavia, and this happened more than once. They smoothed out crystalline protrusions, cut wide valleys and narrow winding cracks, which later became rivers.

The last glaciation (Valdai) occurred about 100 thousand years ago. The mountains turned out to be completely filled with ice, as evidenced by the huge boulders on the rocky peaks. The apogee was observed 20 thousand years ago, and then gradual melting began.

The third stage of the formation of the Khibiny Mountains has not yet been completed. It is characterized by tectonic uplift. It is known that 20 million years ago the mountains rose 500 m above the surface of the earth. After 15 million years, this height doubled. Over the past 10 thousand years, the massif has grown by 20 m. Every year the mountains rise by 0.3-1.2 mm. Sometimes this process is accompanied by earthquakes, mostly weak.

Relief

The Khibiny Mountains rise above the surrounding hilly plain by an average of 800-1100 m. The structure of the massif is circular. The plateau is dissected by deep faults earth's crust, which diverge radially from the Poachvumchorr ridge. Valleys divide the mountains into separate, fairly large blocks. They, in turn, are divided into smaller areas by less significant gorges. Steep ledges descend towards Lake Imandra.

There are no peaked peaks in the Khibiny Mountains. All of them are plateau-shaped. The slopes are steep, without ledges, many of them are covered with glaciers and snowfields. Through valleys are U-shaped, smoothed during glaciations (so-called troughs). Huge boulders remained on the surface of the plateau. It is also worth noting the large number of ancient glacial cirques and cirques (steep bowl-shaped depressions on the slopes). The youngest gorges are almost vertical, going several tens of meters deep. The sun's rays never reach their bottom.

Peaks

The height of the Khibiny Mountains does not exceed 1206 m. The highest point is the Yudychvumchorr peak ("humming mountain"). According to other sources, it is slightly lower - 1200.6 m. Yudychvumchorr received its name because of the strong winds that constantly blow on its flat top, as if cut with a knife. Climbing here, you can see almost all the plateaus and mountain ranges.

For a long time highest point The Khibiny Mountains were considered to have another peak - Chasnachorr ("woodpecker mountain"). It soars up to 1189 m. Today it holds an honorable second place. The third highest mountain is Putelichorr ("mass of alien people"). It rises into the sky at 1111 m.

But for the local residents - the Samami - it is relatively sacred low mountain Aykuaivenchorr (1075 m.). Its name translates as “head of the mother of God.” If you look at her from a distance, you can see a woman's face facing the heavens.

Geology

The Khibiny Mountains are composed mainly of nepheline syenites, a crystalline alkaline rock of igneous origin. Associated minerals are apatites containing phosphorus. The Khibiny apatite deposit is considered the largest in the world.

The massif has a ring structure. The rock complexes form arcs, nested within each other and open on the eastern side. This is explained by the intrusion of magma between alternating faults.

The mountains are called a natural museum of minerals. There are about 500 of them in total. Interestingly, 110 minerals are not found anywhere else. Some of them are not typical for massifs composed of alkaline rocks. Examples include topaz and spinel. In addition to apatites and nepheline, micas, ores of copper, iron, nickel and some other metals are of practical value. Outcrops of rare minerals, in particular blue sapphire, used in the jewelry industry, were discovered on Mount Eveslogchorr.

Climatic conditions

The Khibiny Mountains are located beyond the Arctic Circle, so the average annual temperature here is minus 0.1 °C. The polar night begins on December 10 and ends on January 3. Polar day lasts from May 31 to July 13. Summer and spring here are cool and quite late. Snow begins to melt at the end of April, when temperatures rise above 0 °C. The frost-free period in the mountains lasts no longer than 60-80 days.

The average summer temperature is +12 °C. On the hottest days it can rise to +30 °C and above. Usually this weather is accompanied by thunderstorms. However, after the sun there may come a sharp cooling down to minus 1-4 degrees and wet snow.

From September to April local residents admiring the northern lights. The snow cover finally falls in early November. Winters in the Khibiny are warm, which is explained by its proximity to the Barents Sea. Its waters are warmed by the Gulf Stream. The average temperature is -11 °C, but at the peaks it is usually 10-15 degrees colder. Mountain avalanches occur quite often, posing a serious danger to tourists.

The average annual precipitation in the valleys is 600-700 mm. On mountain peaks this number increases to 1600 mm. The winds blow very strong and gusty. Their average speed exceeds 5 m/sec. Instantaneous gusts can reach 60-80 m/sec. They are capable of blowing away a person standing on the edge of a plateau.

Flora and fauna

The Khibiny Mountains look very picturesque in the photo. Their slopes are covered with evergreen forests, moss and reindeer moss. Vegetation changes with increasing altitude. The foothills of 300-400 meters are covered in coniferous forests with a predominance of spruce and pine. Then the birch forest rises up about 100 m. After it the tundra zone begins. It is represented by lichens and small shrubs: crowberry, lingonberry, bearberry, blueberry. After the first frost, the leaves of the plants become brightly colored, creating an amazing multi-colored carpet.

As the height increases, the plants thin out and are replaced by rocky embankments. Here and there you can see patterns of green, gray or yellow lichens. The flora of the mountains is valuable; many plants are listed in the Red Book. Animal world represented by 27 mammals. There are only 3 species of reptiles, 1 species of amphibians. Most of the birds are found in the mountains - 123 species.

Exploring the mountains

For a long time the Khibiny remained unexplored. Academician Lepekhin wrote about them for the first time, who in 1772 visited the Kola Peninsula and studied its central part. He notes that steep gorges may hide minerals. In the summer of 1834, mining engineer Shirokin began exploring the Western slope of the Khibiny.

In 1891-1892, an expedition led by geologist V. Ramsay arrived on the peninsula. She studied the area in detail over two seasons, collected a lot of geological information and compiled a map of the mountains. Further exploration of the region was prevented first by the world war and then by the revolution.

Only in 1920 did the next scientific and fishing expedition, led by A. Fersman, arrive on the Kola Peninsula. They discovered previously unknown minerals. Already in 1921, the development of apatite ores began near Mount Kukisvumchorr. A year later, it became clear that the Khibiny deposits were much richer than originally thought.

Industrial development

1926 is considered the official date for the discovery of large deposits on the Rasvumchorr plateau. From that time on, miners began to flock to the Kola Peninsula. In 1929, the Apatity trust was created. A year later, construction of the enrichment plant began. In 1931, the city of Khibinogorsk was founded, later renamed Kirovsk.

In the Khibiny Mountains, ore mining was brought to normal production. In 1966, a New City appeared near Kirovsk, now called Apatity. Villages were actively created. In 2012, the Northwestern Phosphorus Company built on the shores of the lake. Umbozero Oleniy Ruchey Mining and Processing Plant. The construction of another mine was planned, which caused outrage among the local population. An environmental movement has started. People demanded to ban further development and recognize the Khibiny as a national park. This was completed in 2018.

Holidays in Khibiny

Many climbers flock to the Kola Peninsula in the summer. There are routes of varying difficulty, up to category 5B. But most passes have 1-2 categories. There are almost always shelves in the rocks for overnight stays; the danger of rocks is low. The descents are simple and picturesque. Many easy routes have been developed for hikers, allowing them to fully enjoy the beauty of northern nature.

Open in winter ski slopes on the mountains Aykuaivenchorr and Kukisvumchorr. Sports lovers can go skiing, snowboarding or colorful buns. Extreme sports enthusiasts choose off-piste descents through virgin fields, the steepness of which can reach up to 55°, or along avalanche flows. Of course, such entertainment is associated with enormous risk. Just like the winter ones hiking in the Khibiny mountains. Instead, tourists are offered exciting excursions on snowmobiles.

We hope that now you will not be confused when looking at the atlas. The Khibiny Mountains seem small on the map, but in fact this is a harsh region fraught with a lot of dangers. Despite this, it attracts people with its beauty and unusual combination of rocks, marshy areas and clear northern lakes.

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