In a relatively small area Crimean peninsula A variety of mountain and lowland landscapes are very clearly expressed (see diagram).
Landscape scheme of Crimea
1 - karst summit surface of Yayla;
2 - mountain slopes of Yayla with a forest landscape;
3 - Mediterranean landscape of skirts;
4 - eastern part south coast(Mediterranean landscape);
5 - southern forest-steppe and forest-shrub landscapes of cuesta ridges;
6 - steppe Crimea, agriculturally developed flat landscape;
7 - Sivash region, dry steppe landscape with fragments of semi-desert;
8 - Tarkhankut Peninsula and Kerch Peninsula, hilly-steppe landscape
Particularly interesting in terms of tourism is the karst landscape of Yayl (1), with characteristically developed forms of bare surface karst, with its inherent mines, which sometimes serve as roads to penetrate mysterious dungeons, with the usual absence of surface watercourses for karst, with rocky meadows and steppes on high mountain ranges. and with mountain forest, forest-steppe and meadow-steppe vegetation. This karst landscape is widespread on almost all the peak plateaus of the western part of Yaila and on plateau-like massifs scattered from each other in its eastern part, but is most clearly represented on Karabiyayla, Chatyrdag and Ai-Petrinskaya Yaila. Here, between the bare carr surfaces, only at the bottom of karst basins and sinkholes are green meadow grasses visible on the higher parts of these plateaus, and in low places the tops of bushes and trees protrude from the mouths of natural mines and sinkholes. Undoubtedly, this brings exoticism to the landscape of bare rocky areas and gives them a spotty appearance.
The lowest levels of the plateau previously contained more forests. Deforestation and the consumption of tree shoots by livestock, which prevent forest regeneration, in fact, as well as the destruction of grass in meadows by very large grazing, caused the development of bare karst and the strong spread of bare limestone surfaces, as well as the cause of a disruption in the regime of sources under the limestone cliffs bordering the plateau. Of course, in a karst landscape it is simply necessary to carry out forest-meadow restoration work, which will definitely improve the water regime of the karst sources of the yayla.
The karst summit surface of Yayla is bordered by the mountain-forest landscape of the slopes of Yayla (2) with oak and beech forests and mountain-forest brown soils, which in its structure is similar to the landscapes of the Carpathians and the Caucasus, and the Crimean pine forests growing on the southern slope are unique specifically for the Crimea and have an analogue only in the northern part Black Sea coast Caucasus. The forests of the Crimean mountains have a very important water protection and anti-erosion role. Very close attention must be paid to their protection and restoration, especially in the areas of mudflow-prone basins. Animals inhabiting the forests of the mountainous Crimea also need protection.
Ai-PetriCrimea is a place where there are many non-man-made objects that have an unusual shape or content and are valuable for the ecosystem and for all humanity in general.
These non-man-made objects are called landscape monuments. Landscape monuments include mountains, nature reserves, forests, rocks, caves, trails, etc. A feature of the Crimean landscapes What is also unusual is that ordinary European plants grow next to typical Mediterranean and Asian ones.
Our peninsula is an area where plants that grew here in the pre-glacial period are still found - small-fruited strawberry, tall juniper, and Comperia Compera orchid. Scientists have identified 142 species of plants that are not found anywhere except Crimea.
Landscape The peninsula can be divided into the northern part, which is occupied by a plain in size, which is approximately three-quarters of the entire area of Crimea, and the southern part, which accounts for ¼, where the main ridge of the Crimean Mountains (external) passes.
The Crimean ridge can be divided into internal (northern) and external (southern). The 125-kilometer-long internal ridge starts from the Meckenzi Mountains, near Sevastopol, and runs in the Belogorsk region, to Mount Agarmysh, in Old Crimea.
The internal and external parts of the Crimean Mountains are separated by flat areas and natural basins - these are the Baydar Valley, the Kyzyl-Koba Valley and others. These valleys surrounded by mountains create a unique natural landscape. The Crimean mountains are rich in vegetation and their slopes form beautiful mountain forest landscapes.
2. Landscapes of the southern coast of Crimea
Waterfall and cave in the valley near the Red Cave Perhaps the most famous and one of the most beautiful landscape monuments is Greater Yalta, which represents 80 kilometers of the Black Sea coast. The winding coast approaching close to the sea, as well as the unique main ridge of the Crimean Mountains, plus a dry, warm climate, attract many connoisseurs of natural earthly beauty with their landscape.
There are many most unique and unusual extreme places here. Crimea and even Ukraine. Cape Sarych is located on this territory - this is the most southern point country, Alupka is the most warm place Ukraine, here, according to scientists, there are the largest number of sunny days a year, and Mount Ai-Petri is considered the windiest mountain, here there is the most wind. The most high mountain Crimea is also located here - this is Mount Roman-Kosh.
And not only big Yalta, over many millions of years, the entire Black Sea coast took on such bizarre shapes, stunning in their beauty in the form of rocky cliffs, pebbles and sandy beaches, cozy bays.
The fabulous landscape changes along the entire coast of Crimea, washed first by the Black Sea, then by the Azov Sea, and then by Lake Sivash. They combine well with local landscape monuments and fit into natural resources palm trees, laurels and cypresses, brought to Crimea much later and giving harmony and beauty landscape of Crimea.
The main ridge of the Crimean mountains stretches along the coast of Crimea from southwest to east, and has a length of about 160 km and a width of 40 - 50 km. The mountains descend like an amphitheater towards the sea, forming beautiful “yayla” - this is the Yalta yayla, reaching a height of 1406m, where the city of Yalta is located.
Ai-Petrinskaya Yayla reaches an altitude of 1320 m; Alupka and Simeiz are picturesquely spread out here. Gurzufskaya yayla has a height of 1540 m - Gurzuf is located, Nikitskaya yayla has a height of 1470 m, the Nikitsky Botanical Institute, famous far beyond the borders of Crimea, is located here garden.
Babugan-yayla has the most highest point Crimea 1545m, located on Mount Roman-kosh. The amphitheaters of these villages have been inhabited by people since ancient times; ancient human sites have been discovered here.
Crimean pine On the southern side of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, two vegetation belts stand out: at the top, Scots pine is more common, and below, at an altitude of 300-400 m above the sea, Crimean pine forests are located. Then, going down towards the sea, there is the so-called shibliak belt.
Here the vegetation is of the Mediterranean type - tall juniper, downy oak, butcher's broom, strawberry tree, wild pistachio, etc.
In the forests of the southern coast of Crimea, relict coniferous plants have been preserved - yew berry and tall juniper, Juniperus excelsa, individual specimens reach 3-5 meters in volume.
Some specimens of these relics are up to 1000 years old. They can be found in the Laspi tract, on Cape Sarych, Ai-Todor, Martyan, Montedor, in the Kanak gully. Thanks to the relief, in Crimea you can see a wide variety of landscapes and different vegetation.
3. Landscape of the inner ridge of the Crimean Mountains
The northern part, the inner part, of the main ridge of the Crimean Mountains descends to Bakhchisarai, and is called the Crimean foothills. Her landscape cut up amazing canyons, mountain ranges and table-shaped mountain plateaus, as if by nature intended for human settlements. This is evidenced by the most ancient cave cities.
The Crimean Mountains were formed over millions of years, being excavated from the bottom of an ancient sea, where sedimentary rocks such as limestones, sandstones, marls, clays and shales accumulated. Rising from the days of the sea, the mountains were exposed to wind, water and different temperatures.
In places of geological faults, under the influence of water, river valleys, canyons and mountain ranges appeared. A characteristic feature of the interior of the Crimean Mountains is gentle slopes called cuesta (slope). The dense limestones of the upper layers of the cuesta formed ledges-cornices. In the process of rock erosion, the most bizarre figures appeared on the inner ridge: “sphinxes”, “mushrooms”, “ribs”, grottoes, mountains - outcrops.
4. Landscapes of the steppe part of Crimea
Landscape The flat part of Crimea is relatively monotonous; a steppe plain stretches to the north, and sometimes there are small hills. In the west is the Tarkankhut Peninsula, it is also treeless, and in spring and early summer it is covered with green vegetation and beautiful flowers, which fade under the hot Crimean sun by mid-summer.
The seashore is steep and high, there are caves and grottoes. Moving inland from the Crimean mountains and the sea, you find yourself in the steppe zone, where unusual and fast rivers become calm, large tracts of gardens and vineyards appear, and large strips of meadows with bright poppies and other vegetation are found.
The plains gradually decrease from south to north, occupying the northern and central parts. The nature of Crimea is unique with its combination of flat landscapes and mountain ranges. In this part of Crimea there are many garden and park complexes built after the annexation of Crimea to Russia; natural landscapes are, as it were, decorated and exalted by landscapes of parks created by human hands. I wrote about one such park complex here.
5. Seas washing Crimea
From the south, Crimea is washed by the Black Sea, and from the east is the Sea of Azov. Between these two seas there is the Kerch Strait, with a width of 5 to 15 km. The depth of the Black Sea in some places reaches 2200 meters and has no noticeable tides. Depth Sea of Azov, is about 13.5 meters.
6.Rivers of the Crimean Peninsula
Crimean rivers, as a rule, are not large and full-flowing; they are winding and fast. Most rivers almost dry up under the scorching rays of the summer sun, or go underground into karst cavities. The largest Crimean river is Salgir, and the deepest is Belbek.
Crimean rivers passing through constantly changing mountainous landforms, canyons and gorges, sometimes falling, sometimes rising, sometimes spreading across the plain, often form entire cascades of waterfalls, attracting large groups of tourists.
Crimean rivers are small mountain streams that resemble streams. In summer, most often, drying up rivers expose their bed, which is strewn with boulders and stones of various sizes and shapes. Sometimes a thin trickle of a stream makes its way through these boulders, then hides underground and suddenly reappears on the surface of the earth.
But if there is heavy rain in the mountains, the rivers instantly fill with water, overflow their banks, breaking into numerous streams, rush down rapidly, then uniting into one stream, capturing both large stones and uprooted stones. trees.
Tourists need to know this when choosing a place to stay overnight and place their camping equipment away from seemingly harmless streams. Crimea is also rich in salt lakes.
7.Caves of the peninsula
Caves of the Crimean Peninsula In Crimea Many karst caves have been discovered, which, in their beauty, are attractive to speleologists from all over the world. On Mount Chatyr-Dag, a cave called “Marble” is open and equipped for tourists to visit. This name was given to her because of her unique beauty, reminiscent of a complex marble pattern.
The cave has several halls and galleries equipped for visitors, with a length of about one and a half kilometers. The depth of the cave is 60 meters, and the explored length is more than two kilometers. The unique Marble Cave ranks fifth in the world among the most beautiful caves on the planet.
Well, the longest karst cave Crimea is Red, its length is 16 thousand meters. The record for depth is set by the Soldatskaya Cave, which goes 517 meters deep. The Emine-Bair-_Khosar cave, which is located near the Marble Cave, is also considered one of the unique caves in Europe for its unusual underground coloring.
It is quite possible to organize a visit to many landscape monuments of Crimea on your own, since the infrastructure in Crimea is developed and you can get everywhere by car. public transport, the roads are not bad.
Visit llandscape monuments can be paid or free; as a rule, visiting monuments is available from April to October, but there are also winter visits. Many landscape monuments are protected by the state or great assistance is provided to private individuals who make the landscape of Crimea unique, such as .
Categories:/ from 02/12/2013The Crimean Mountains belong to the folded structures of the Alpine geosynclinal belt. They represent a large and complex anticlinal rise - anticlinorium, South part which is lowered and flooded by the waters of the Black Sea.
The Crimean Mountains consist of a main ridge called Yayla and two advanced cuesta ridges to the north of it, clearly defined in the western and middle parts of the Crimean Mountains. Yaila corresponds to the axial zone of the Crimean anticlinorium, cuestas correspond to the monoclines of its northern wing.
The western part of Yayla is an integral mountain range with a plateau-like surface, while the eastern part breaks up into more or less isolated plateau-like massifs (Chatyrdag, Karabiyayla, etc.). The most high peak Yayly rises in the east of the western part - Mount Roman-Kosh on Babuganyayle (1545 m).
The flat summit surfaces of Yayla are composed predominantly of hard Upper Jurassic limestones, which form steep, often sheer slopes of the plateau (especially along the southern coast of Crimea) and steep sides of the canyons that dissect their edges.
The characteristic landscape feature of Yaila is given by karst landforms. The karst of Yayla is very fully expressed and serves as a classic example of bare karst of the Mediterranean type.
Crimea. Yayla from the northwestern side. In the background is Chatyrdag on the left, Babuganyayla on the right. Rice.
N. A. Gvozdetsky
The relief of the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula is mainly ridge-erosive, in many places complicated by accumulations of limestone blocks that have fallen from the cliffs of Yayla, sliding along the Tauride shales (Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic) lying at the base of Yayla, large limestone massifs and landslides in the Tauride shales themselves. Landslides damage resort buildings, gardens and vineyards.
In the Crimean Mountains, the altitudinal zonation of landscapes is clearly visible. On the southern slope of Yayla, the lower altitude zone corresponds to the Southern Coast of Crimea, which, according to climatic conditions, can be classified as the northeastern edge of the Mediterranean subtropical climate region. On South Coast, protected from the winds from the continent by a mountain barrier, is largely affected by the moderating influence of the sea.
Climate of the Crimean Mountains
Precipitation (the annual amount in Yalta is about 600 mm) falls most in winter. At this time, Mediterranean cyclones penetrate here. In spring, with the weakening of cyclonic activity in the region Mediterranean Sea the amount of precipitation is decreasing. The least amount of rain falls in April - May and August. When there is a lot of insolation in the summer, there is a lack of moisture, so you have to resort to watering fruit trees and young tobacco plants. Due to the unevenness of precipitation, the rivers of the South Bank are characterized by a Mediterranean regime with winter and spring floods and stable summer-autumn low water.
Protected from the north by the Yayla barrier, the southern coast is warmer than other regions of Crimea. About 150 days a year the average daily temperature is above 15°. Winter is mild ( average temperature January about 4°), the plants do not stop vegetating. The snow that sometimes falls melts quickly, but more often in winter it rains. Summer and autumn are sunny and warm, the average temperature in July and August is about 24°. The eastern part of the southern coast of Crimea is drier, with annual precipitation of 500-600 mm or less.
The climate of the Yayla summit surface is different cool summer(at an altitude of about 1200 m, the average July temperature is 4-15.7 °), not very severe winter (the average January temperature at the same altitude is about -4 °, lower in the east), significant amounts of precipitation (in the western part up to 1000-1200 mm per year), strong winds.
In the west, the seasonal distribution of precipitation is the same as on the South Coast, with a maximum in winter. In the east the maximum is summer. In summer, out of three days, one, and in winter, two on Yaila have precipitation. In winter, precipitation falls in the form of snow.
Landscapes of the Crimean Mountains
In the small space of the Crimean Mountains, various landscapes are clearly expressed (see diagram). Particularly characteristic is the karst landscape of the summit surface of Yayla (1) with karrs, sinkholes and other forms of bare karst, with natural mines that often serve as ways to penetrate into the mysterious underworld. The flat surface, corroded by karst, absorbs rain and melted snow water, so there are no ground watercourses and only in sinkholes with silted bottoms do puddles of standing water form.
Landscapes:
1 - karst summit surface of Yayla; 2 - mountain-forest slopes of Yayla; 3 - forest-shrub and forest-steppe (southern type) cuesta ridges; 4 - Mediterranean forest and cultivated; 5 - Mediterranean xerophytic-shrub-steppe
Carr fields, characteristic of bare karst, are combined on high massifs with rocky mountain meadows and meadow steppes, and on lower ones - with mountain forest-meadow-steppe and forest-steppe vegetation. The karst landscape is widespread in all areas of the plateau of the western monolithic part of Yayla and in the isolated plateau-like massifs of its eastern part, but is especially pronounced in Ai-Petri, Chatyrdag and Karabiyayla. Here, only at the bottom of karst sinkholes and basins do meadow grasses grow green; in lower areas, the tops of trees and bushes stick out from the sinkholes and mouths of natural mines. This adds variety to the landscape of bare rocky spaces and gives them a spotty appearance.
The lower tiers of the Yayly plateau were previously more forested. Deforestation and livestock eating tree shoots, which prevented forest regeneration, as well as excessive grazing of herbaceous vegetation caused a greater spread of bare limestone surfaces and the development of bare karst and deterioration of the regime of springs under the limestone cliffs framing the plateau. Strict implementation of the introduced ban on grazing and carrying out forest-meadow restoration measures will help improve the water regime of Yayla and its karst springs.
The mountain-forest landscapes of the slopes of Yayla (2) with beech and oak forests and mountain brown soils are similar to the Caucasian and Carpathian ones, while forests of Crimean pine on the southern slope are characteristic of the Crimea and are repeated only in the northern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Crimean mountain forests play an exceptionally large anti-erosion and water conservation role. Their protection and restoration are necessary, especially in mudflow-prone basins. The animals inhabiting these forests need protection.
The Mediterranean landscape of the South Coast (4) is unique with its shale slopes, chaos of boulders, landslides, limestone cliffs, and laccoliths. Oak-juniper forests with evergreen undergrowth and red-brown and brown soils have been preserved here. However, in large parts this landscape has given way to a cultivated one with vineyards and tobacco plantations, gardens, parks, beautiful resort buildings and well-equipped beaches. Climatic conditions and the soils of the southern coast of Crimea are favorable not only for viticulture (good table and wine varieties are grown) and tobacco growing, but also for subtropical fruit growing. To protect the cultivated landscape of the South Coast, it is important to combat landslides, erosion and mudflows. The measures recommended for landscapes (1) and (2) should lead to an improvement in its water regime.
East of Alushta, a strip of Mediterranean xerophytic-shrub landscape stretches along the coast (5). It is characterized by vegetation characteristic of the Eastern Mediterranean - shiblyak, frigana, in the east in combination with steppes. Brown skeletal soils develop on weathered shale rubble. The typical erosional relief of the distribution zone of this landscape in Tauride shales is distinguished by intensive dissection of the surface into valleys of the first, second and third orders and is in sharp contrast to the karst surfaces of neighboring Yayla, almost untouched by erosion. For this landscape, it is especially necessary to combat mudflows developing in the belt of Tauride shales and sandstones. We need comprehensive mudflow protection (hydraulic structures, phytomelioration on the slopes of mudflow catchments, etc.
On the northern side of Yaila, there are unique forest-shrub landscapes (dominated by fluffy oak) and southern forest-steppe landscapes of cuesta ridges (3) with brown and humus-carbonate soils. The steep slope of the inner cuesta topped with a cliff and the sharp steep sides of the canyons that dissect it create landscapes in which bare limestone walls, marly slopes with screes, and slopes overgrown with trees and bushes stand out in contrast.
The spectrum of altitudinal zonation on the southern slope of Yayla combines zones of the Mediterranean landscape of the southern coast, mountain forest with belts of oak, pine and beech forests, and karst landscape of the summit surface. On the northern slope there is no Mediterranean landscape; In the lower altitudinal zone, southern forest-steppe is developed, and in the middle (with the exception of the westernmost regions) there are no Crimean pine forests typical for the southern slope. Greater similarity is observed, as is usually the case in the mountains, in the landscapes of the upper slopes. Nevertheless, in general, we can talk about different types of structure of altitudinal zonation of the landscapes of the northern and southern slopes of the Crimean Mountains. Their differences are due to the climatic barrier role of Yayla. In the east, more continental variants of the identified types are observed.
Mountain Crimea is a natural museum, where a variety of landscapes and masses are concentrated in a relatively small area. unique monuments nature.
Crimea is not only the sea coast, mountains and ancient parks with exotic plants. Few people know that approximately two-thirds of the peninsula is occupied by the steppe. And this part of Crimea is also beautiful, unique and charming in its own way. This article will focus specifically on the Steppe Crimea. What region is this? Where are its borders? And what is its nature?
Features of the geography of Crimea
From the point of view of geomorphology and landscape zoning, the territory of the Crimean Peninsula is divided into several zones:
- Plain or steppe (number I on the map).
- Mountain (number II).
- Yuzhnoberezhnaya or abbreviated as South Coast (III).
- Kerch ridge-hilly (IV).
If you look at physical card peninsula, you can see that about 70% of its territory is occupied by the plain (or steppe) Crimea. In the south it is directly adjacent to the Outer Range of the Crimean Mountains, in the north and east it is limited by the shallow Sivash Bay, the shores of which are distinguished by the richest avifauna. We will tell you more about this natural region below.
Steppe Crimea on the administrative map of the peninsula
Square of this region is about 17 thousand square kilometers. However, only a quarter of the total population of Crimea lives in this territory - no more than 650 thousand people.
12 districts are completely or partially located within the Steppe Crimea:
- Pervomaisky.
- Razdolnensky.
- Krasnoperekopsky.
- Dzhankoysky.
- Krasnogvardeisky.
- Nizhnegorsky.
- Black Sea.
- Saki.
- Soviet.
- Kirovsky (partially).
- Belogorsky (partially).
- Simferopol (partially).
The unofficial “capital” of the Crimean steppes can be called the city of Dzhankoy. Other large settlements in the region - Armyansk, Krasnoperekopsk, Evpatoria, Saki, Nikolaevka, Nizhnegorsky, Sovetsky, Oktyabrskoye. Almost each of them has enterprises that process one or another type of local agricultural raw material. The cities of Armyansk and Krasnoperekopsk are the most important centers of the chemical industry. Soda and sulfuric acid are produced here.
Geology and relief
The region is based on the Epi-Hercynian Scythian plate, composed of sediments of the Neogene and Quaternary periods. The relief of the Steppe Crimea is quite diverse. In the northern and northeastern parts it is represented by several lowlands (Prisivashskaya, North Crimean, Indolskaya and others) with absolute altitudes not exceeding 30 meters above sea level.
In the west of the peninsula, the Tarkhankut Upland stands out sharply in the relief. However, it can only be called a sublimity with a stretch. After all, the maximum point of Tarkankut is only 178 meters. Nevertheless, due to its coastal location, the elevation differences here are quite impressive. Some coastal cliffs rise 40-50 meters above the sea waters.
The region's topography is conducive to residential construction, road and railways, active agricultural development of land.
Climate and inland waters
The climate of the region is temperate continental and quite arid. Winters here are mild and with little snow, with frequent thaws. Summer is hot, with minimal precipitation. Average air temperatures in July are +24…27 degrees. The weather of the Steppe Crimea is changeable, especially during the transition seasons of the year.
Back in the 19th century, academician G. P. Helmersen suggested that it was the climate of the northern part of the Crimean Peninsula that in the future would become the main cause of poverty in this region. During the year, no more than 400 mm of precipitation falls here, which approximately corresponds to the level of humidity in the semi-desert zone. The North Crimean Canal plays an important role in supplying the peninsula with fresh water. The only relatively large river of the Steppe Crimea is the Salgir. In summer, many of its tributaries dry up completely or partially.
Flora and fauna
In summer, the steppes resemble a lifeless desert with grass burnt out from the hot sun. But in spring the region comes alive, covered in a colorful carpet of flowering plants. The main representatives of the flora of the Crimean steppes are feather grass, fescue, bluegrass, wormwood, wheatgrass and other cereals. In spring, irises, tulips, poppies and various ephemerals bloom actively here.
The fauna of the Steppe Crimea is quite poor. It is dominated by small mammals living in burrows - gophers, jerboas, ferrets, hamsters, voles. Hares and various birds are quite common - larks, partridges, cranes, quails, eagles and harriers.
Unfortunately, significant areas of the Steppe Crimea are now plowed. Virgin, untouched areas of natural landscapes can be found today only in nature reserves and on the slopes of ravines.
Main attractions
A sophisticated tourist who has traveled up and down the mountain trails of the Crimean Mountains can be advised to go to the north of the peninsula. After all, there are also many interesting and beautiful objects there. We have chosen ten attractions of the Steppe Crimea that are worth visiting first. This:
- Landscape park "Kalinovsky".
- Tyup-Tarkhan Peninsula (“bird paradise” of Crimea).
- National Park"Magic Harbor" on Tarkhankut.
- Estate "Nizhnegorye" with a park.
- Juma-Jami Mosque and Karaite kenas in Evpatoria.
- Ancient Perekop shaft.
- Neo-Gothic Church “Heart of Jesus” in Aleksandrovka.
- Tulip fields in the village of Yantarnoye.
- Abuzlar tract with mysterious petroglyphs.
Holidays in the Crimean steppes can be no less interesting and meaningful than in the mountains or on the South Coast. In the eastern part of the Steppe Crimea there are a number of excellent sea resorts. Among them are Evpatoria, Saki, Chernomorskoe, Nikolaevka, Olenevka, Mezhvodnoe and others.
"Landscapes of all planets, ruins of all empires"
Igor Rusanov
The landscape diversity of the Crimean peninsula is comparable to the whole country in Central Europe or Mediterranean. This also applies to complex geological structure, various relief forms in outline. Incredibly rich vegetable world Crimea, for example, on Bear Mountain alone there are about 900 species of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants - this corresponds to the floristic richness of large regions of Central Russia. The altitudinal zone of the Crimean Mountains forms landscapes very similar to the tundra, and even to Arctic plant species. There are no glaciers or highlands on the peninsula. But there is such a phenomenon as aspects - short-term states of natural communities. This is, for example, the massive flowering of wild tulips in the Opuk Nature Reserve, or the drying out of estuaries to a bright pink color with the banks of a rich burgundy color due to salt-tolerant plants. Such landscapes appear more than once in Soviet science fiction films. Steppes and deserts are also Crimea. But like everything and always on a peninsula with fertile and peaceful nature.
It is quite clear that the main part of the Crimean Peninsula is located in the Temperate Climatic Zone, so birch groves, pine forests and all sorts of beloved Russian classics are not uncommon in Crimea. The southern coast of Crimea (SC) is a Sub-Mediterranean region with an abundance of evergreen vegetation. The foothills surprise with the expanses of the American Chalk Prairie, familiar to everyone from Westerns. And in the mountains it’s not difficult to find classic alpine landscapes.
We recommend your first trip through the “world in miniature” along a circular route Golden Ring of Crimea and we recommend a mandatory long stop in Alupka. Most of the Crimean attractions are located in the southwest, on the ring Simferopol - Bakhchisaray - Inkerman - Sevastopol - Balaklava - Laspi - Simeiz - Alupka- Miskhor - Yalta - Gurzuf - Partenit - Alushta - Angarsk Pass - Salgir Valley - Simferopol. You can get an overview of the Golden Ring of Crimea from any point in 1 day! Of course you can go in any direction. But we recommend your first trip so that you get to Alupka early. You can return to your place of residence in the dark.
Filming in Vorontsov palace and park complex will allow you to create an incredible number of scenes from different historical eras in different corners globe. The grandiose stone chaos of the Upper Park is quite suitable as an alien landscape for star wars. The architecture of the palace was originally created as a strict medieval Gothic on the western and northern facades and lush eastern luxury on the south and east sides. Upper landscape park - in English style and with corners wildlife SC, and the lower one is regular with a combination Italian terraces and French techniques of park art.
Plan diagram of the Vorontsov palace and park complex in Alupka
The beautiful setting of the palace and park in Alupka is the famous mountain range Ai-Petri in the sky blue, and below is the bright blue of the Black Sea with picturesque coastal cliffs. 
The most spectacular area car travel along the Golden Ring of Crimea this is the Sevastopol - Yalta highway . Watching the changing landscapes from Laspi To Yalta, one famous artist from Germany (with great experience travel) formulated a very simple thought: " Yes, you have a new country around every turn of the highway! We just saw Italy, and now Greece. Yeah, and here it is Austria, and just 15 minutes ago there was Switzerland"Something like that...
One can, of course, say that in Soviet times Africa or the Arctic were filmed in Crimea because of the economy and the inability to travel abroad. But everything is much more complicated, and most importantly - more interesting!
CRIMEA – THE WHOLE WORLD ON SCREEN
EUROPE:
- Italy.
The film “Gadfly”, scenery and filming in Yalta.
Film "Anna Karenina", filming in the New World.
Film "Romeo and Juliet", scenery in Yalta.
Film "Twelfth Night", scenery in Yalta.
The film "Othello", scenery and filming in Yalta.
Film “Moscow-Genoa”, filming on the South Coast.
The film “The Royal Hunt”, set and filming in Artek.
Film “Marco Polo” (produced in Canada), set design
“Streets of Venice” and filming in Yalta.
- Spain.
The film "Don Quixote", scenery and filming in Yalta and Ai-Petri.
Film “Dog in the Manger”, filming at the Livadia Palace.
Film "The Adventures of the Royal Archer Sharpe"
(produced in Great Britain), scenery and filming
under Mount Demerdzhi, in the Baydar Valley, on Ai-
Petrie and in other places.
The film "Pirate Empire", scenery and filming in
Sudak and Yalta.
-France.
Film "Sky Swallows", filming in Vorontsov Palace and in Yalta.
The film “Prisoner of Europe” (produced in Poland), sea filming in Artek.
Film “The Prisoner of the Castle of Yves” (“The Count of Monte Cristo”), filming
marine scenes with the sailing ship "Comrade" in Gurzuf.
Film “Napoleon Kaput”, filming in the Vorontsov Palace
and in the Mountain Crimea.
- England.
Film "Ten Little Indians", rocky island with a castle
(Swallow's Nest, Diva rock in Simeiz).
Film "Captain Blood's Odyssey", scenery and sea
filming in Artek and Gurzuf.
Film "Hornblow" (produced in Great Britain),
scenery and marine filming in Artek.
- Germany.
Film “In the Empire of Eagles”, sea filming in Artek,
decoration on Ai-Petri.
- Poland.
The film "Pan Blob's Academy", filming on the South Coast.
- Denmark.
The film "Hamlet", filming on Swallow's Nest.
- Norway.
The film “And Trees Grow on Stones”, set and filming in Gurzuf.
- Greece.
Film "Ships storm the bastions", Corfu island
(Genoese fortress in Sudak).
Film "Sapho", Lesbos island (set and filming in
Balaklava and Chersonese).
- Yugoslavia.
Film “Reporter”, filming in Sevastopol.
ASIA:
- Arab East.
Film "Aladdin's Magic Lamp", set
“Ancient Baghdad” and filming in Omega Bay (Sevastopol).
Film “And Another Night of Scheherazade”, filming
in Yalta, in the Three-Eyes cave on Ai-Petri, in Nikitskaya
crevice, in the Beketovsky quarry, above Foros.
- Volcanic island.
Film “Wind of Hope”, filming of a volcanic eruption at Cape Sarych.
- Island in the Pacific Ocean.
The film "Pirates of the 20th Century", filming in the bays of the New World, on Tarkhankut, the scenery "Native Village" in Quiet Bay (Koktebel).
- India.
The film "The Black Prince", the scenery of an eastern city in
Yalta.
- Near East.
Film “The plane flies to Russia”, scenery “ Military base» in Blue Bay.
- Japan.
The film “Dreams about Russia”, scenery and filming in Artek and Utes (Alushta).
- Pirate Island in Indian Ocean
. The film "Pirate Empire", scenery under Mount Demerdzhi, in Artek and
Yalta (Republic of Libertalia).
- Türkiye.
Film "Roksolana", filming in Khan's Palace Bakhchisaray, in Chufut-Kale and on the southern coast of Crimea.
- Afghanistan.
The film “9th Company”, the scenery “Afghan village” in the area of the village. Ordzhonikidze (Feodosia).
- Israel.
Film "The Master and Margarita", biblical Jerusalem.
- China(Hong Kong).
The film "Passenger", the scenery "Port Street" in Balaklava, a hotel near Yalta (the estate of Count Ustinov).
AMERICA:
- USA.
Film "The Mexican" (based on Jack London).
The film "The Headless Horseman", decoration and filming under
Ak-Kaya rock (Belogorsk).
The film “Business People” (based on O. Henry), one of the short stories
filmed in the Crimean Mountains.
Film "The Man from the Boulevard des Capucines", set and
Film “Chingachgook the Great Serpent” (GDR production),
filming under Mount Demirdzhi and in other places of the Crimean Mountains.
Film "The Star and Death of Haokino Murrieta", scenery and
filming under the Ak-Kaya rock (Belogorsk).
- Flint the Pirate Island.
The film “Treasure Island”, scenery in Sosnyak, filming in the Nikitskaya Crevice, on Red Stone, in Malorechenskoye, under the Shaan-Kaya rock, in
Partenite and in Laspi Bay.
- Chile.
The film “This sweet word is freedom”, scenery and filming
in Yalta (Ignatenko St.) and Koktebel.
- Cordillera.
Film "Captain Grant's Children", filming a scene
“Avalanche in the mountains” (in winter on Ai-Petri).
- Caribbean Sea. Film "Captain Blood's Odyssey", scenery and
marine filming in Artek and Gurzuf.
- Haiti. Film “The Age of Enlightenment”, set “City Embankment”
Port-au-Prince" in Utes (Alushta), sea filming in Artek.
- Caribbean Islands
. The film "Hearts of Three", scenery and filming in
Cliff, under Mount Demerdzhi, in Artek, on Lake Kastelskoe, on
Ai-Petri.
AFRICA:
- South Africa
, port of Cape Town. Film "Maximka", filming in
Yalta port with the participation of the sailing ship "Comrade".
- Equatorial Africa. Film “The Rape of the Savoy”, filming
at the Angarsk training ground (Perevalnoe village).
- North Africa
. Film "Fire Drums", scenery and
marine filming in Artek, Blue Bay, at the Swallow's Nest.
USSR (Russia)
Arctic tundra:
- The film “Trace of the Wolverine” (the action takes place on
Taimyr) - filming was carried out in winter on the Ai-Petrinskaya Yayla.
- The film “Korolev” (the action takes place in Kolyma) –
The filming took place in winter on the Ai-Petrinskaya Yayla.
Siberian taiga:
- The film “What was the taiga silent about?” was held in the forests above Yalta
filming scenes that took place in the Altai Mountains.
- The film “King of the Ringmaster”, filming took place in the area
Wuchang-Su waterfall with a live bear.
- The film “The Lost Expedition”, filmed under Mount Ai-Petri
scenes in which the actions took place in the Sayan Mountains.
- The film “The Sixth”, the action takes place in a small Siberian
town, filming took place under Mount Ai-Petri and in other
places in the Crimean Mountains.
Far East:
- Film “Let’s Talk, Brother”, filming of the transition
Far Eastern partisans through a rocky ridge
were produced on the Ai-Nikola rock (Upper Oreanda).
- The film “The Right to Shot”, the action took place off the coast
Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, filming took place in Kamyshovaya Bay
(Sevastopol) and at Cape Aya.
- The film “Admiral”, filming scenes of naval battles from Russian times
Japanese war (filming took place in the Sevastopol area).
- Film “Korolev”, filming scenes of S. Korolev’s sailing from Magadan
took place in Sevastopol.
Middle Asia:
- Film “The Taste of Halva” (about the childhood of Khoja Nasreddin), filming
were produced in Feodosia.
- The aforementioned film “Aladin's Magic Lamp”.
- Film “Officers”, railroad station in Turkestan, filming
in Inkerman (Sevastopol).
- The aforementioned film “And Another Night of Scheherazade.”
Caucasus:
- The film “Vertical”, a number of Caucasian scenes were filmed in
Crimea (in the rocky Nikitskaya crevice).
- The film “Taman”, filming at Cape Tarkhankut.
- The film “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, filming took place in
Alushta, under Mount Demerdzhi and other places in Gorny
Crimea.
- Film “Sportloto-82”, filming in Feodosia and Gorny
Crimea, on Ai-Petri, the run of the main characters through
burning suspension bridge.
- The film “Thieves in Law”, the action takes place in the Caucasus,
filming took place in the Crimean Mountains, on the embankment
Yalta and on the streets of the city.
- Film “The Feast of Belshazzar”, filming the hijacking of a passenger ship
militants led by the young Dzhugashvili, and scenes on
Stalin's Caucasian dacha (san. "Ukraine" in Miskhor) were produced in
Crimea.
- Film “Marco Polo”, on the Swallow’s Nest and in the Crimean Mountains
scenes were filmed that took place in
medieval Armenia.
- The film “I-Doll”, filming scenes of the attack of Chechen militants on
village in the Stavropol region (village Tylovoe in the Baydar Valley).
Filming underground:
- The film “Ordered to Survive”, filming took place in
Trekhglazka cave on Ai-Petri.
- The film “And Another Night of Scheherazade”, filming took place in
Three-Eyes Cave on Ai-Petri.
- The film “Yalta” over Yalta”, filming in the newly discovered
cave on the Ai-Petri plateau.
Filming underwater:
- The film “Amphibian Man”, filming in Laspi Bay.
- The film “Scuba Tanks at the Bottom”, filming in the New World.
- The film “The Little Mermaid”, filming took place at Cape Sarych.
- The film “Pirates of the 20th Century”, filming in the pool and at Cape Tarkhankut.
- The film “Aquanauts”, unprecedented in volume and complexity
underwater filming (scenery and various technical
products) were produced on the shelf of Cape Tarkhankut.
- The film “Through Hardships to the Stars”, for the first time in space
weightlessness was filmed underwater (in a swimming pool).
Filming fairy tales:
- Films by Alexander Row: “Marya the Mistress”, “Kingdom”
crooked mirrors", "Morozko", "Fire, water and copper pipes",
“Varvara is beautiful, long braid.”
- Films by Alexander Ptushko: “Sadko”, “Ilya Muromets”,
“The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “Scarlet Sails”.
- Films by Boris Rytsarev: “Aladdin’s Magic Lamp”, “On
they were sitting on the golden porch.”
- Pavel Arsenov’s film “The Deer King”.
- Films by Mikhail Yuzovsky: “Merry Magic”, “There, on
unknown paths", "After the rain, on Thursday", "One, two -
grief is not a problem."
- Films by Gennady Vasiliev: “Finist – Clear Falcon”, “Bye
the clock is striking", "The New Adventures of Captain Vrungel", "Black
prince".
- Films by Leonid Nechaev: “The Adventures of Pinocchio”, “About
Little Red Riding Hood", "Peter Pan".
- Films by Vladimir Bychkov: “City of Masters”, “The Little Mermaid”.
- Film by Irina Povolotskaya “The Scarlet Flower”.
- Film by Vladimir Grammatikov “Mio, my Mio.”
- Alexander Mitta’s film “The Tale of Wanderings.”
- Film by Tahir Sabirov “And Another Night of Scheherazade.”
- Films-fairy tales of Boris Nebieridze (“The Red Shoes”, etc.).
- Polish film fairy tale “Pan Blob’s Academy.”
Filming fantasy films:
- “Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin.”
- "Amphibian Man".
- "Andromeda's nebula".
- “Treasures of the Flaming Rocks.”
- “Moscow – Cassiopeia” and “Youths in the Universe”.
- “Sannikov Land”.
- “Aquanauts”.
- "Through hardship to the stars".
- “Comet”.
- “It’s hard to be God.”
- “Purple Ball”.
Filming in ancient policies, fortifications, fortresses and architectural and historical ensembles (the number of films cannot be counted):
Cave cities Chufut-Kale, Eski-Kermen, Kachi-Kalyon, etc.
Genoese fortress in Sudak.
Palace of the Crimean Khans in Bakhchisarai.
Massandra Palace.
Yusupov Palace.
Note:
The idea for this review probably belongs to Crimean journalist Mike Lvovsky.
Just in case - an exact copy of the “eyeliner” from Valery Pavlotos’ letter:
"I was asked by Segodnya newspaper special correspondent Mike Lvovsky to compile a list of films (filmed in Crimea) whose action takes place in different countries and on various continents."
