If anyone thinks that the capital of Bulgaria has always been Sofia, then this is not so. There were several capitals. First things first.
Pliska
Pliska is the first capital of Bulgaria. The city was the capital until 893. Here Tsar Boris I converted to Christianity. The remains of this medieval city are located in the area of today's Pliska, Kaspican and Novi Pazar, in the Shumen region. On the site of the first Bulgarian capital there is the National Historical and Archaeological Reserve “Pliska”. The Grand Basilica and the Historical Museum, which are located on the territory of the reserve, are recommended for inspection.
Veliki Preslav
Located 20 km. from the city of Shumen. It was declared the Bulgarian capital in 893. It housed the famous Preslav book school. Clement of Ohrid, Constantine of Preslav, John the Exarch, and Presbyter Cosmas served and worked here. Veliki Preslav has the National Historical and Archaeological Museum.
Ohrid
Ohrid is currently located on the eastern shore of Lake Ohrid. Ohrid was not always Macedonian. This city was Roman, Byzantine, Serbian, and Bulgarian. Ohrid was the capital of Bulgaria in the 10th-11th centuries, or more precisely, the city was declared the capital by Tsar Samuel in 978. The restored Samuil Fortress is one of the most famous attractions of the city.
Veliko Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo is located in Northern Bulgaria, on the slopes of the Yantra River. In the period from 1018 to 1187 it was under Byzantine rule. After the uprising of the brothers Asen and Peter and the restoration of Bulgarian statehood, Veliko Tarnovo was proclaimed the capital of Bulgaria. In fact, it was there until it fell under Ottoman slavery in 1393, but formally the capital was moved from Veliko Tarnovo to Sofia only in 1879, i.e. we can say that Veliko Tarnovo has been the capital of Bulgaria for the longest time of all Bulgarian capitals.
The most famous tourist sites of the city are the fortresses of Tsarevets and Trapezitsa, the churches of the 40 martyrs, Peter and Paul, and St. Demetrius of Thessalonica. In total, there are 1,613 Bulgarian historical heritage sites in the city. Here, on February 10, 1879, the Tarnovo Constitution was adopted, which gave rise to the Third Bulgarian Kingdom, of which Alexander Batenberg was proclaimed Grand Duke.
Sofia
Sofia is located in the central part of Western Bulgaria. The total area of the city is 1344 square meters. km, and the average altitude above sea level is 590 m.
Archaeological finds from the Neolithic era are of particular interest to tourists. In ancient times, on the site of today's Sofia there was the Thracian city of Serdika, which later became a Roman fortress, then medieval city Sredets.
During the invasion of the Turks, some Sofia fortresses resisted until 1388. Sofia was liberated from the Ottoman Empire by General Gurko on January 4, 1878, and on April 3, 1879 it became the fifth capital of Bulgaria.
Capital of Bulgaria- City of Sofia.
There are more than 200 museums in the country.
The main ones are located in Sofia, for example:
— National Museum natural history;
— National Ethnographic Museum;
— Zoological Museum in the zoo;
— Botanical Museum;
— Museum of the History of Sofia;
— National art Gallery.
— National Archaeological Museum;
Not far from Sofia is the Boyana Church with its unique frescoes.
In the city of Pernik, which is also located near the capital, there are the ruins of a Byzantine fortress.
Not far from the city of Plovdiv there is a 11th century monastery - the Bachkovo Monastery.
Among the architectural monuments of Sofia:
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral of the 19th century, erected in honor of the fallen Russian soldiers, Remains of the Hagia Sophia Cathedral - VI century, Buyul Jamia Mosque - XV century, St. George's Cathedral - IV century;
Religion and language in Bulgaria:
The population of Bulgaria is 7,365,000 people. Ethnic groups inhabiting it: Bulgarians - 85%, Turks - 9%, Gypsies - 4.5% and other nationalities Armenians, Greeks, Macedonians, etc. - 1.5%.
The official language of the country is Bulgarian, written in Cyrillic.
Foreign languages used in the country are English, German, French and Russian.
Religion - Orthodoxy - 85%, Islam about 13%, there are also Catholics, Protestants and Jews.
The Church in Bulgaria is autonomous and is headed by Patriarch Neophytos.
Geography and nature.
Bulgaria is located in the southeast of Europe, extends on the Balkan Peninsula, borders on Romania in the north and east of the country, Macedonia and Serbia in the west, and Greece and Turkey in the south of the country.
Most of the country's territory is mountainous or hilly with rich forests - mixed or coniferous forest.
From the Black Sea to the north-west, the country is crossed by the Balkan Mountains, they form a watershed between Aegean Sea and the Danube.
In the south, the border with Greece runs along the Rhodope Mountains.
The highest point in Bulgaria is Mount Musala 2925 m, located in southwest Bulgaria in the Rila Mountains.
Closer to the east there are several valleys, one of them is the Thracian Valley.
The largest river in Bulgaria is the Danube, with its tributaries Yantra and Iskar.
Other rivers in Bulgaria are Kamchia, Struma and Maritsa.
Attractions:
Museum cities of world importance are Veliko Tarnovo, Tryavna, Arbanasi, Bozhentsi, Zheravna, Kotel, Koprivshtitsa, Melnik, Nessebar, Sozopol, Balchik, Shiroko-Lika and Plovdiv.
However, most tourists are attracted to Bulgaria by the beautiful Black Sea beaches located in the vicinity of Varna.
“Pont Euxine” was the name given to the Black Sea by the ancient Greeks, which means hospitable sea.
Indeed, on the Bulgarian Riviera the sea is hospitable and tempting - without ebbs and flows, clean and calm.
The famous resorts, the pearls of Bulgaria, are Albena, Golden Sands, St. Constantine and Elena, in the south Sunny Beach and St. Vlas.
Although there is also a category of vacationers who prefer to combine sea holiday with the romance of ancient cities such as Balchik, Nessebar and Sozopol.
Convenient road, sea, rail and air Transport, in Varna and Burgas, connect the Bulgarian Riviera with any country and also with the whole world.
The Golden Sands resort is located in the most ecologically clean area of the Black Sea coast, in a national park. The distance to Varna is about 18 km. The Golden Sands resort has many hotels, complexes, and various types of entertainment, including a water park, restaurants, clubs, and shops. It’s a good place for both young people to relax and spend family holiday with children - the pine forest gives the air a special and healthy resinous taste, and in addition, the combination of the smell of the sea gives an incredible combination that gives delight.
The resort is located in the southern part of Bulgaria sunny Beach it is located in a beautiful bay. Not far from the resort there is an architectural and historical monument that should definitely be visited - ancient city Nessebar
The beach strip here is 8 kilometers long and 40 meters wide.
There are many hotels, holiday complexes, a lot of night clubs, various types of entertainment.
If you are an amateur winter holiday and skiing, we definitely recommend visiting famous ski resorts such as Pamporovo, Bansko and Borovets.
The Pamporovo resort is located in the picturesque region of the Rhodope Mountains, ideal for ardent ski and snowboard enthusiasts! The trails here are excellent and always well maintained.
If in addition to skiing and snowboarding you are a lover nightlife and shopping, we recommend going to Bansko.
Climate and weather in Bulgaria:
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Bulgaria(Bulgaria) - a state in the southeastern part of Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula. Republic of Bulgaria– a hospitable country that welcomes tourists. The country is different affordable holidays(compared to other European countries), while demonstrating first-class service in all its manifestations. Bulgaria– these are ski resorts with slopes of varying levels of difficulty, these are the golden sands of the Black Sea coast, these are wonderful nature and healing resorts.
Bulgaria is a country golden sands»
1. Capital
Capital of Bulgaria- ancient city Sofia(Sofia City), whose history goes back thousands of years. The capital inherited its name from the main attraction - the cathedral Hagia Sophia. Sofia is located in the western part Bulgaria, at the foot of Vitosha Mountain. Sofia– these are historical and architectural monuments, magnificent mountain nature and green city parks, large shopping and entertainment centers and hotels, ski resorts and mineral springs.
2. Flag
Flag of Bulgaria (Flag of Bulgaria) - a rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2:3, consisting of three horizontal stripes of equal width: white (top), green (intermediate) and red (bottom). The white stripe is the personification of peace and freedom; green stripe natural resources Bulgaria, and green is also considered the traditional color of Bulgarian kings; the red stripe is the blood of the Bulgarians, shed in the battles for state independence.
3. Coat of arms
Coat of arms of Bulgaria (Coat of arms of Bulgaria) is a garnet-colored shield with the image of a lion standing on its hind legs, which is held by two golden shield-bearing lions. The shield is located on oak branches. At the top of the composition there is a large crown of the Bulgarian kings, and at the bottom there is a ribbon with the national motto of Bulgaria « Unity gives strength » (« Union of pravi silat»).
The lion is a symbol of courage and bravery; three lions - three historical areas states: Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia; the garnet color of the shield is the blood of patriots shed in battles for state independence; gold color is a symbol of wealth and abundance; crown is a symbol of history; oak branches are a symbol of perseverance, and their green color is a symbol of fertility.
4. Anthem
listen to the anthem of Bulgaria
5. Currency
Official currency of Bulgaria — Bulgarian Lev, equal to 100 stotinki (letter designation BGN, code 975). The name lion, the currency received from the Dutch coin “leeuwendaalder”, on which a lion was depicted. In circulation there are coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 stotinki and 1 lev, as well as banknotes in denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 levs. Bulgarian currency to ruble exchange rate or any other currency can be viewed on the currency converter below:
Appearance of Bulgarian coins
Appearance of Bulgarian banknotes
6. Bulgaria on the world map
Bulgaria- a state in the southeastern part of Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula, on the Black Sea coast, square which is 110,910 km² . Bulgaria borders: in the north - with Romania, in the south - with Turkey and Greece, in the west - with Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia, in the east it is washed by the waters of the Black Sea. Across the sea Bulgaria has connections with Russia, Ukraine and Georgia.
There are three in the country geographical area: first - Danube Plain; the second is a mountain range consisting of the Balkan and Rhodope systems; the third is the Southeast Plain. Main river countries - the Danube, which forms a natural border between Bulgaria and Romania.
8. What is worth seeing in Bulgaria?
- these are monasteries and churches, historical monuments and museums, National parks and nature reserves, hot springs and ski resorts, beautiful beaches and invigorating water parks.
Here's a small one list of attractions, which you should pay attention to when planning excursions around Bulgaria:
- Aqua Planet water park in Primorsko
- Ancient fortress of Serdika
- Bachkovo Monastery
- Varna Archaeological Museum
- Valley of Roses
- Dragalevsky Monastery
- Evksinograd
- Stone forest in Varna
- Banya-Bashi Mosque
- Aladzha Monastery
- National Art Gallery of Bulgaria
- Saint Anastasia Island
- Park Borisova Gradina
- Rila Monastery
- Cathedral of the Assumption Holy Mother of God in Varna
- Thracian tomb in Kazanlak
- Temple - monument to St. Alexander Nevsky in Sofia
- Wonderful rocks
9. Largest cities in Bulgaria
List of Ten largest cities Bulgaria
- Sofia (the capital of Bulgaria) - (Sofia the capital of Bulgaria)
- Plovdiv (Plovdiv)
- Varna
- Burgas
- Rousse
- Stara Zagora
- Pleven
- Sliven
- Dobrich
- Pernik
10. Climate
Climate of Bulgaria in most of the territory it is temperate continental, with a fairly clear division of four seasons. The southern part of the country and coastal areas have a Mediterranean climate. The average summer temperature is +19°С +26°С, and in the hottest month – July, it can reach +30°С. The water remains warm until the end of September. The average winter temperature is -1°C + 1°C, and in mountainous areas it can drop to -14°C - 16°C. The average amount of precipitation per year is 900–1000 mm in the mountains and 650–700 mm in the plains.
11. Population
Makes up 7,070,039 people (as of February 2017), of which 82% are Bulgarians, 9.5% are Turks, 4.6% are Roma, 0.3% are Russians. The country is also home to Armenians, Romanians, Ukrainians, Greeks and Jews. The average life expectancy of the local population is: men – 68 years, women – 75 years.
12. Language
State language of Bulgaria – Bulgarian , it is spoken by 82% of the country's total population. Quite common are: Turkish - 9.5%, Roma - 4.6% and Russian - 0.3%. Less common: Armenian, Romanian, Greek, Ukrainian, Macedonian, Tatar, Arabic and Hebrew.
13. Religion
Religion of Bulgaria. The country's constitution provides for freedom of religion. Of the entire population of the country, 82% consider themselves believers. Of these, 85.2% are Orthodox Christians, 12.5% are Muslims, 1.1% are Catholics, 0.5% are Protestants and a small part of other world religions.
14. Holidays
National holidays in Bulgaria:
- January 1 - New Year January 6 - Epiphany
- January 7 - Midsummer's Day (in honor of John the Baptist)
- February 14 - Valentine's Day (Valentine's Day)
- March 3 - Day of the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman Slavery
- moving date in April - May - Orthodox Easter ("Velikden")
- May 1 - Labor Day
- May 6 - Day of St. George the Victorious (Day of the Bulgarian Armed Forces)
- May 24 - Day of Slavic Literature and Culture
- June 1 - International Children's Day
- August 15 – Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
- September 6 is the Day of the Unification of Bulgaria.
- September 22 - Independence Day
- December 6 — Constitution Day
- December 24 — Christmas Eve
- December 25 – Christmas Day
15. Souvenirs
Here's a small one list most common souvenirs which tourists usually bring from Bulgaria:
- aromatic spices
- Bulgarian wines
- wallets in the form of various animals, fruits or vegetables
- copper turrets for brewing coffee
- natural cosmetic
- bee products
- crafts made of wood and ceramics
- textile
- jewelry and silver and gold
16. “Neither nail nor rod” or customs rules
There are no restrictions on the import and export of currency, however, amounts over $10,000 or 7,000 € must be declared. When importing, jewelry, photo and video equipment are also declared, which must subsequently be taken out of the country.
Allowed:
Persons over the age of 17 can import: 200 cigarettes, 50 cigars or 250 grams. tobacco, 1 liter of strong alcoholic drinks (more than 22%), 2 liters of alcohol less than 22%, no more than 500 grams. coffee or 200 gr. coffee extract, 100 gr. tea or 40 gr. tea extract. As well as other goods personal use for the amount of 175 euros per person.
Forbidden:
To Bulgaria The import of meat and dairy products (including sausages and chocolates) is prohibited. The exception is baby food and special food for people with various diseases, but in these cases the products must be well packaged and their weight should not exceed 2 kg. If meat and dairy products are found, they will be confiscated, and a fine will be charged to the person carrying them.
To Bulgaria The import of drugs, weapons, ammunition, explosives, potent psychotropic or toxic substances, rare and protected animals and plants is prohibited. As well as items of historical, artistic or other value.
Plants and animals:
All animals, plants, and products of plant origin must be presented to the quarantine service. The import and export of pets is permitted only with a certificate of vaccination against rabies, made no earlier than 12 months and no later than 30 days before the date of entry to Bulgaria. You must also have a medical certificate for your pet, received at least 5 days before entering the country.
17. Voltage in the electrical network in Bulgaria
Electrical voltage: 230 IN, at a frequency of 50 Hz. Socket type: Type C, F.
18. Telephone code and domain name Bulgaria
Country dialing code: +359
Geographic first level domain name: .bg
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Description of the country
An attractive tourist country with beautiful nature and hospitable people. Bright sun, azure sea, beautiful beaches, a wide selection of hotels, an abundance of fruits and vegetables. Bulgaria is small (compared to Russia, of course), but popular among tourists southern country, with beautiful nature, inhabited by hospitable residents. Spend your holidays in this wonderful place globe can be afforded by people of all ages and with different income levels. It will appeal to both young people who prefer places where they can relax and lead a mainly nocturnal lifestyle, and those who prefer a quiet, but at the same time not boring holiday.
Geography
Bulgaria is a relatively small state in area (111 thousand km2), located in the south of Europe, in the northeast of the Balkan Peninsula. It is washed by the waters of the Black Sea. A country in southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula (from 1946 to 1990 called the People's Republic of Bulgaria). Bulgaria shares a border with five countries. In the north, along the Danube, there is a border with Romania, in the south - with Turkey and Greece, in the west - with Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic Macedonia. In the east it is washed by the waters of the Black Sea. The area of Bulgaria is 110912 sq. km. More than half of the country's territory is mountainous or hilly: the Balkan Mountains cross the country from the northwest to the Black Sea and form the watershed between the Danube River and the Aegean Sea. In the south lie the Rhodope Mountains, along which the border with Greece runs. In the southwest of Bulgaria lie the Rila Mountains, where highest point countries - Mount Musala (2925 m). Closer to the east there are several valleys, including Thracian. The main river of Bulgaria is the Danube, whose tributaries are the Iskyr and the Yantra.
Time
Time in Bulgaria is 1 hour behind Moscow.
Climate
Most of the territory of Bulgaria is dominated by a temperate continental climate with clearly defined four seasons. On the Black Sea coast and in southern regions The climate is close to Mediterranean. In the country average temperature the coldest month - January - ranges from -2 to + 2oС. In the mountains, the thermometer can drop to -10... - 15 degrees. The average temperature of the warmest month - July - ranges from +18oC to +24oC in the northern regions to +28 in the south and on the Black Sea coast, while it rarely exceeds 30 degrees. The annual precipitation is 670 mm, and in the mountains - 800 - 1000 mm. In northern Bulgaria and the Black Sea region, the wettest months are May - June, the driest is February. In southern Bulgaria, the maximum precipitation occurs in November - December, the minimum in August. The water in the Black Sea warms up to +25oC. The climate of Bulgaria is favorable for recreation, especially for residents of the middle zone.
Language
The state language is Bulgarian, which is so close to Russian that Russian-speaking tourists have virtually no language problems. Service personnel at resorts, hotels and restaurants usually speak Russian, English, German and French.
Religion
Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the state. Religious institutions are separated from the state. The traditional religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity (85% of the population). Orthodox Christianity since the 9th century. is the main religion of the country. Today it is professed by 82.6% of residents. Throughout Bulgaria's history it has played an important role in the formation of the nation. During the times of foreign rule, thanks to the Orthodox Church, the Bulgarians managed to preserve their native language, and in many ways, their culture. The church is autocephalous (administratively independent). It is ruled by the Bulgarian Patriarch. Services are conducted in Bulgarian.
Population
The population of Bulgaria is about 9 million people, of which 85% are Bulgarians, 9.7% are Turks and 5% are Roma. The population of Bulgaria has decreased by almost a million people over the past 20 years - and now the country is home to about 7.7 million citizens. Bulgarian experts name several reasons why such an unpleasant trend has emerged: a drop in the birth rate, as well as high level emigration. According to some forecasts, if the current demographic situation does not change, then in a few decades the population of Bulgaria may decrease by one third. Population decline is observed in many European countries, but in Bulgaria this process is aggravated by an extremely low standard of living.
Electricity
Electrical voltage is 220 volts throughout the country.
Emergency numbers
Ambulance phone number in Bulgaria - 150
The fire service telephone number in Bulgaria is 160
The police telephone number in Bulgaria is 166
The telephone number of the traffic police in Bulgaria is 165
Road service in Bulgaria - 146
Connection
Telephone communication: you can call another country or city from any pay phone using phone cards companies "Mobika" (blue cards and devices) and "BulFon" (orange cards and devices), which are sold in post offices, newsstands, small shops and hotels. The consumption of conventional units on the card is indicated on the phone display. A call from the post office will cost slightly less than from a hotel. Bulgaria code is 359. To call to Bulgaria you need to dial - 8 - 10 - 359 - city code - number of the called subscriber. To access international communications from Bulgaria: 00 (beep) - country and city code - number of the called subscriber. When calling from Russia to Bulgaria to cell phones, you should dial the country code (359) - the subscriber's cell phone number. In this case, the city code does not matter.
Currency exchange
In use are coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 stotinki and banknotes of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 levs. On July 1, 1999, the country carried out a denomination of the local currency similar to the Russian one, when each denomination was reduced by three zeros. The old money was in circulation until the end of 1999. But even now tourists can be given money that has gone out of circulation. The exchange rate of the Bulgarian lev is strictly tied to the German mark: 1 lev. = DM1. In turn, $1 is equal to approximately DM2. (As of June 2000). In general, in big cities the course is better than in resorts. Banks work with clients from Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 16:00. On Sundays and holidays banks are closed.
Visa
Citizens of Russia and the CIS require a visa to visit Bulgaria, for which they must apply to Visa centers Bulgaria either to the visa departments of the embassy or Consulates General Bulgaria on the territory of the Russian Federation. Types of visas: 1) short-term stay visa (entry visa) - issued to persons whose purpose of travel is tourism, visiting relatives or friends; 2) group visa - issued to persons who are citizens of one state and have formed a group before submitting an application for a visa. Group tourist visas give the right to a single entry and stay for a period of no more than 30 days. Group single or double entry transit visas give the right to single or double travel through the territory of Bulgaria. The composition and size of the group should not change during the stay and departure outside Bulgaria; 3) transit visa - issued to persons whose purpose of visit is transit through the territory of Bulgaria to third countries within 24 hours. This visa gives the right to leave the airport and stay in the country within the specified period. Russian citizens do not require a transit visa if they arrive in Bulgaria for the purpose of a stopover or transfer to another flight and do not leave the airside of the airport; 4) visa for long-term stay (immigration visa) - issued to persons wishing to obtain a permit for long-term (for a period of 1 year) or permanent residence in the Republic of Bulgaria.
Customs regulations
The following must be declared: jewelry, professional photography, film and video equipment, which must then be taken out of the country. There is a limit on the import of some items, above which you need to pay a duty: cigarettes - 200 pcs. (or other tobacco products - 250 g), wine - 2 l, spirits - 1 l, coffee - 500 g, tea - 100 g, perfume - 50 ml, cologne or other perfumery products - 250 ml; personal items, photographic and video equipment, sports and hunting equipment (you must fill out a declaration with an obligation to return them). Duty-free export of antiques and works of art is allowed with permission. The import of: automobile gas cylinder installations is prohibited; meat and meat products, beans, sugar; children's clothing and shoes, cotton fabrics, household electrical appliances.
Holidays and non-working days
January 1 - New Year
March 3 - Day of the Liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke
April - Good Friday
April - Easter Monday
April - May - Easter (the dates of these holidays vary according to the church calendar)
May 1 - Labor Day
May 6 - St. George's Day, an official holiday of the Bulgarian armed forces
May 24 - Day of Slavic Literature and Culture
August 15 - Assumption of the Virgin Mary
September 6 - Bulgarian Unification Day
September 22 - Independence Day
November 1 - All Saints' Day
December 6 - Constitution Day
December 8 - Immaculate Conception
December 25, 26 - Christmas
Transport
There are buses, trolleybuses and trams in cities. Cost of one travel ticket fluctuates within 0.25 BGL in different cities (0.4 BGL in the Sofia metro). A double ticket (valid for an hour) costs 0.4 BGL, a five-day pass costs 4.4 BGL, and a monthly pass costs 21 BGL. At some resorts there are also intercity single tickets of different frequencies. In many populated areas and resorts, affordable minibus taxis are common.
There is a metro in the capital. The cost of a single travel ticket is 0.4 BGL.. The taxi is yellow with traditional “checkered” signs; a price list with prices should be attached to the side window; in most taxis you can even get a receipt. Day and night (22.00-06.00) tariffs apply. Basic prices (day\night tariff) - landing - 0.29\0.39 BGL, 1 km. mileage - 0.48\0.58 BGL, one minute of waiting - 0.16\0.19 BGL, additional baggage - 5 BGL. At resorts, taxi drivers often offer “negotiated prices”, in which case you can and should bargain.
Rail transport in Bulgaria is relatively inexpensive and convenient. Trains are divided into "ekspresen" (express) and "ptnicheski" (passenger). When traveling to resort areas It is recommended to reserve tickets in advance.
Tips
Tips are usually 5-8% in a restaurant (in high-end restaurants - 10%), cafes and bars, if the guest is satisfied. In a taxi, the tip is usually 5% of the amount according to the meter or rounded to the nearest whole number (the main payment is strictly according to the meter).
The shops
The largest and busiest market in Sofia, the so-called women's market, Zhenski Pazar. In addition to fruits and vegetables, at the market you can buy meat, cheeses, seasonings and spices, dishes, clothes, shoes, metal products, etc. The covered market (HALI) is located opposite the mosque, on Blvd. Book Marie Louise. The Great Sofia Market is an example of early 20th century architecture. It was built in 1910-1911. Today this market is the main place for selling fresh food in Sofia.
Slivekov Square in the city center is the most visited place in the city. Here you can find a varied number of trading stalls, as well as a book market, where works in all possible languages are sold at very attractive prices.
Fashion stores are located in the central part of Sofia. Here you can find all the most famous brands (Hugo Boss, Lacoste, Marlboro Classics). You will find them if you go up Vitosha Boulevard. There are also fashion stores on the street. Tsar Shishman and Count Ignatiev.
Typical Bulgarian souvenirs are rose oil, wines and brandy, carpets and ceramics, silverware. Souvenir shop next to the Alexander Nevsky Church. Antique dealers (musical instruments, cameras, paintings, icons, etc.) can be found in the park located opposite the Alexander Nevsky Church. The icons are copies of the most beautiful icons kept in Bulgarian monasteries.
National cuisine
The dishes are really tasty - spicy seasonings, plenty of vegetables, piquant taste. One of its main features is the simultaneous heat treatment of products over low heat. This allows you to preserve nutritional properties, achieve a pleasant aroma of dishes, and original flavor combinations. This is also facilitated by the use of a variety of products, seasonings, vegetable and animal fats.
It all starts with salads: traditional Shopska, mixed (tomatoes with cucumbers and feta cheese), Russian "Olivier", "Snezhanka" (fresh cucumbers, walnuts, pressed Bulgarian "kiselo mlyako"). You can’t ignore the cold “presentations”: roulo or ham cocktail, mushroom cocktail, dry “Lukanka” sausage, tomatoes stuffed with mushrooms or feta cheese.
The cold Bulgarian soup “tarator” is very unusual (finely chopped cucumbers, dill, garlic and walnuts are doused with diluted Bulgarian “kiselo mlyako”). Lamb soup (agnieszka kurban chorba) and lentil soup (bream chorba) have a unique taste. Bulgaria is famous for its pyrzhols (a piece of grilled meat) and kebapchet (elongated minced meat cutlets fried on a grill).
Popular dishes are: kavarma (meat or vegetable roll), drob sarma (lamb liver chop with rice and egg), sarmi (stuffed grape leaves), kebab (skewered meat), Rhodopean banitsa, lamb (baked right in front of you on the coals) , trout, kebap in Melnik style, Bansky elder, sujuk, chomlek (stewed beef), kebab in pumpkin (cooked over low heat, which preserves all the taste qualities of the products used).
Bulgaria is among the top five producers of wine, both red (Cabernet, Mavrud, Merlot, Otel, Trakia, etc.) and white (Chardonnay, Galatea, Misket, Riesling, Tamyanka).
Attractions
Rila Monastery- Holy place of Bulgaria. The monastery is recognized as a shrine not only by the Orthodox Church, but also by the entire Christian Church. The Rila Monastery (officially the Monastery of St. John of Rila) is the largest and most famous Orthodox monastery in Bulgaria, in the northwest of the Rila Mountains, 117 km south of Sofia in the valley of the Rilska River, at an altitude of more than 1000 m above sea level. Through the centuries he has preserved the pride, national consciousness, honor and hope of the Bulgarian people. The monastery was founded in the 10th century by followers of the hermit St. Ivan Rila, whose relics are still kept here.
Rozhen Monastery is located in the south of the country, 6 km from the museum town of Melnik at the foot of Pirin Mountain and is almost 100 years older than the Rila Monastery. In its current form, the monastery (erected by the Melnitsa ruler Slav at the turn of the 12th - 13th centuries) has been preserved as it was in the 16th century. The monastery's prosperity reached its apogee in the 19th century, when it became a regional spiritual center and had numerous estates in the surrounding areas. This is the only monastery restored in the first centuries of the Ottoman yoke that was later lucky enough to survive. At the beginning of the 17th century it was destroyed by fire, and in the 18th century it was restored with donations from Bulgarian patrons.
One of the most interesting sights of the capital is the red brick rotunda built on the site of a Roman rotunda. Church of St. George - oldest temple Sofia. On the inside of the dome there are frescoes, the earliest of which date back to the 10th century, and on the outside there are remains of the streets of ancient Serdica (the Roman name of the city). The most beautiful boulevard in the city - Boulevard Vitosha, running from the Cathedral of St. Nedelya, past numerous underground shopping galleries, to the square of the Palace of Culture with a monument to the 1300th anniversary of Bulgaria. The nearby building of the Palace of Justice (1936) houses the National Museum of History - one of the largest historical museums in the Balkans.
The city-reserve Veliko Tarnovo, the ancient capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (1185 - 1393), is definitely worth visiting Royal Palace, picturesque towers of the Patriarch and Baldwin in Tsarevets fortress on the hill of the same name, near which the “Sound and Light” show is regularly held, telling about the history of the city. Of interest are the picturesque quarter of Varusha, the monastery of St. Peter and Paul (XIII century) and Kapinovsky, as well as the churches of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica (XI century, the oldest in the city) and St. Forty Great Martyrs (1230).
In Plovdiv, the second largest city in Bulgaria, be sure to see Trimontium("three hills" Old city) - Roman forum, theater with 3 thousand seats and the gate of Hisar Kapi (II century AD), as well as Jumaya mosque(XV century) and Imaret (1445), Cathedral of Constantine and Helena(1832) with a beautiful gallery of icons, ruins of the Thracian city of Eumolpias (2nd century BC), Amphitheater of Philip II of Macedon, as well as unique churches - St. Nedelya, St. Dimitar and St. Marina(1854). Plovdivsky Archaeological Museum considered one of the best in the country, the Ethnographic Museum in the Koyumdzhoglu House with an excellent collection of national costumes, the art gallery in the Baklanov House and the National Revival Museum are also good.
The center of Varna is considered Cathedral Holy Dormition of the Virgin Mary(“Catedrala”, 1880 - 1910), famous for its frescoes and unique wood carvings in the design of the patriarchal throne and iconostasis. The Museum of History and Art (Archaeological) is located on an area of 2000 square meters. m. in the beautiful building of the former Maiden Gymnasium, and is considered the largest museum in the city. Its unique exhibition includes more than 55 thousand exhibits, from the early Paleolithic era to the late Middle Ages, including a unique gold collection from the 5th - 6th millennia BC. e.
The town of Nessebar is famous for its many small churches, among which the most attractive St. Stephen's Church(XI century) and famous for its miraculous icon Church of the Holy Virgin, as well as a charming old mill, narrow cobblestone streets, gentle sea, quaint white cliffs and wide sandy beaches fringed by sand dunes.
Resorts
Beach resorts: Rusalka, Albena, Kranevo, Zlatni-Pyasytsi, Riviera, Slynchev-Den, Sveti Konstantin and Elena, Obzor, Slynchev-Bryag, Duni. The fourth largest Bulgarian city Burgas located in the southeastern part of the country, on the shores of the deep Gulf of Foros. The climate here is moderate continental with a strong influence of the sea. Burgas is a large industrial center. This is, rather, not a beach area, but a key point on the way to large seaside resorts like Slynchev-Bryag - many international flights land at Burgas airport.
Stunning ancient city Nessebar located 20 km north of Burgas, on a narrow peninsula protruding far into the sea. South of the modern neighborhoods, in the southern part of the bay, there are two good beach areas.
small town Pomorie located on a narrow rocky peninsula protruding 3.5 km into the sea, 20 km northeast of Burgas. Pomorie was founded by Greek colonists in the 4th century BC. e., and already in those days it was famous for its salt lakes, many of which had the status of sacred. Now the city is famous for the production of excellent cognacs and wines, the extraction of sea salt and healing mud. Here is one of the largest and most modern wine cellars in Bulgaria, as well as a domed Thracian tomb (III century) and the monastery of St. George (1856). Vacationers come here for the amazingly beautiful views and unique microclimate. The beaches are flat, sandy, stretching along the sea for 4.2 km.
City Varna located on the northern shore of Varna Bay and is a popular seaside resort. This third most populous city in Bulgaria (after Sofia and Plovdiv), considered the sea capital of the country and famous for its extensive sandy beaches. In July-August the number of sunny hours per day here reaches 10-11. The sea is surprisingly calm and safe at any time of the year.
Ski resorts: Vitosha-Aleko; Pirin, Kulinoto, Dobrinishte, Bansko; Rila, Semkovo, Panichishte, Malyovitsa, Borovets; Rodopi, Chepelare, Pamporovo; Uzana. Complex Vitosha-Aleko is located on the southern outskirts of Sofia and is one of the highest ski resorts countries. More than 29 km of slopes at altitudes of 1650-2290 m are served by 12 ski lifts. There are 11 km of flat ski tracks prepared for cross-country skiing. The disadvantages include the weather changing quite often and sharply.
To the mountain complex Pirin(Pirin), declared by UNESCO as a natural and cultural heritage, includes 87 steep peaks and 150 lakes, as well as an ancient town Bansko, lying approximately 160 km from Sofia, at an altitude of 930 meters above sea level.
The largest and oldest ski resort in Bulgaria Borovets is located at an altitude of 1350 m above sea level on the northern slopes of Mount Rila, at the foot of the highest peak on the Balkan Peninsula, Moussala (2925 m). The duration of the ski season here is from December to April. The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is +4°C.
The most famous is the southernmost ski center Bulgaria - resort Pamporovo(260 km from Sofia, 80 km from Plovdiv), on the lands of which, according to myths, the legendary singer Orpheus lived. Pamporovo is located in the Rhodope Mountains. Height above sea level - 1650 m. The most famous peaks: Snejanka (1925 m) and Mourgavets (1858 m). The abundance of hot springs gushing out of the ground gave rise to the opening of several balneological treatment centers in Pamporovo. The temperature in winter does not drop below - 7 C. The number of “snowy” days per year is 150-200, the thickness of the snow cover is 140-150 cm.
Uzana is a real discovery, a beautiful gem in the mountain crown of the Balkans. Situated among centuries-old oak forests at an altitude of 1300 m, the resort is part of natural park"Bulgarka". The season here lasts from mid-December to early April. The total length of the trails is 3 km. The professional (and longest) track here is 1300 m. Beginners ski on eight shorter tracks. You can also go kiting and ride a motorized sleigh here. 22 km from the resort is the famous town of Gabrovo.
Balneological resorts: Hisarya, Sandanski, Devin, Velingrad, Byanka, Troyan, Kyustendil.
Resort Hisarya located at an altitude of 360 meters in the Sredna Gora mountain range, 42 km north of Plovdiv and 140 km east of Sofia. There are 22 mineral springs with water temperatures ranging from 37°C to 52°C. Winter is warm, mild and almost snowless. The sun shines 280 days a year. Industrial production in these places is not developed, so the ecology is close to ideal.
Resort Devin located in the Rhodope Mountains, at an altitude of 684 meters, 220 km from Sofia, 100 km from Plovdiv and 45 km from Smolyan. There are about 285 sunny days a year in the mountains. In winter, the temperature drops to zero and snow falls, but the environment is usually comfortable. In summer it is almost never hot. There are many natural attractions in these parts: various waterfalls, caves, rocks and nature reserves. The Pamporovo ski resort is located very close by.
Resort Sandanski located in the Pirin Mountains 160 km from Sofia and 80 km from Blagoevgrad. Sandanski is surrounded by the Pirin National Park and ruins from ancient settlements. The resort is famous for its mineral springs (their temperature ranges from 33°C to 83°C) combined with wonderful healing mountain air. Bronchial and asthmatic diseases are cured in Sandanski for the majority of patients. You can relax here at any time of the year, as winters are mild and summers are not hot.
In the region Trojan, located 160 km from Sofia and 300 km from the Black Sea, there are two balneology centers - Shipkovo and Chiflik. These places are famous for their ancient forests, crystal clean air and mineral springs. Particularly popular here are outdoor swimming pools With mineral water, whose temperature is approximately 34°C. Spa centers offer clients jacuzzi, saunas, massages, aromatherapy and thalassotherapy.
Diversity climatic conditions and geographical zones made Bulgaria one of best places for relax. In a relatively small territory of the state, you can find more than 50 resorts, while the tourism business in the country continues to actively develop.
Summer holidays in Bulgaria
Length of Bulgarian Black Sea coast is about 415 km, of which 130 are beaches with inviting warm sand. Fans of all-inclusive holidays should consider the following resorts: Albena, Golden Sands, Sunny Day, Sunny Beach, St. Constantine and Helena, Elenite, Nessebar, Riviera, Sozopol, Duni (for connoisseurs of windsurfing and other active recreation), Obzor , Mermaid.
For those who prefer an economical and relaxing family vacation, spending time in Kranevo, Pomorie, Chaika and Byala is perfect. And for connoisseurs of “wild” and contrasting holidays, Bulgaria has prepared two small resort towns - Balchik and Primorsko, where the mountains descend directly to the sea. It is worth taking into account that you will have to look for equipped beaches here, and accommodation is mainly represented by three-star hotels, but for little money.
Winter holidays in Bulgaria
The presence in the country of two mountain ranges- Pirinsky and Rilla-Rhodopian - provides a wide selection of ski resorts for every taste. The average season is about 120 days, from December to April. There is quite enough snow in the mountains of Bulgaria - the average thickness of the cover is 1-2 m. And mild and relatively warm winters (the average temperature in winter in mountainous areas does not exceed 9 degrees below zero) provide comfortable rest and the possibility of a long stay in the fresh air.
The main ski resorts near Sofia - Vitosha and Borovets - allow you to fully enjoy all the delights of a holiday in the mountains: modern ski lifts, steep and not so steep slopes, breathtaking landscapes. Travelers visiting Plovdiv can go sledding or skiing in Pamporovo, Banya or Chepelare. Resorts such as Semkovo and Razlog are also in demand among experienced tourists.
Wellness holidays in Bulgaria
Bulgaria is famous for its hot (thermal) mineral springs, appreciated by the most ancient inhabitants of Europe. In combination with clean air - mountain or sea, water gushing from underground can not only have a healing and preventive effect, but is also an excellent addition to the treatment of many diseases.
Bulgarian springs have the maximum healing effect on the musculoskeletal system. You can improve your health in any sanatorium in the country, but the best are Chiflik, Hisar, Troyan, Devin, Kyustendil, Pavel Banya, and Varshets.
Holidays in Bulgaria
The International Surva (Survaki) Festival, held annually in the town of Pernik, near Sofia, on the last Saturday and Sunday of January, is popular among tourists. Surva is a variety of fairs, theatrical performances, folk games and festivities, ending with a crowded costume parade. In recent years, this event is quickly gaining popularity not only among European tourists: more than 6,000 guests from all over the world come to take part in traditional rituals.
In the small town of Yambol, at the end of February and beginning of March, an annual colorful festival with a masquerade procession is held - Kukerlandia. It is believed that reincarnation into images of evil spirits scares away evil spirits. Whether this is true or not is unknown, but unforgettable experience for tourists are guaranteed.
The arrival of spring in Bulgaria is celebrated noisily and cheerfully. Interesting folk traditions are dedicated to this event: on March 1, as a sign of good wishes and protection from misfortunes, everyone ties symbolic red and white ribbons to each other - martenitsa.
May is also rich in all kinds of cultural events. From the 8th to the 13th, the largest fair in the country is organized annually in Plovdiv, which attracts folk craftsmen from all over the country. On May 18, Bulgaria celebrates International Museum Day, in honor of which the doors of the exhibition halls are open to visitors all day long. Also, as part of the event, numerous theatrical performances and open-air concerts are organized. The last week of May is famous for the beginning of the Rose Festival (each year the dates change slightly), which is held in the city of Kazanlak in even-numbered years, and in Karlovo in odd-numbered years.
Along with carefully preserving traditions, Bulgarians are open to everything new. So, on July 1, July is noisily celebrated on the Black Sea coast - a holiday that arose in the 80s of the 20th century thanks to the hippie movement and named after the song “July morning”, performed by the popular group Uriah Heep at that time. July is celebrated with dancing, fun games, and, of course, endless listening to your favorite song.
Bulgarian Navy Day (second Sunday in August) is celebrated magnificently in all coastal cities, accompanied by ship parades and the solemn oath of allegiance of sailors to the Motherland. The entire previous week, which is called “Morskaya”, is full of concerts, performances and other festive events.
On September 1, the center of cultural life in Bulgaria becomes the city of Sozopol, where Apollonia starts on this day. All 10 days of the international festival are accompanied by art exhibitions, performances by musicians of various genres, dance competitions and literary evenings.
National cuisine of Bulgaria
Bulgarians are known for their passion for a variety of meats, vegetables and herbs, and their favorite cooking methods include long-term boiling and stewing. You need to be prepared for the fact that traditional dishes of this cuisine are spicy and quite fatty. Those who want to get to know local culinary traditions better should definitely try:
- gyuvech – meat stewed with vegetables in a clay pot;
- meat or fish cooked on skara (Bulgarian grill);
- sach – fried assorted meat, vegetables or a combination of them;
- chorbu – rich, thick soups made from various ingredients.
The Bulgarian national fermented milk products deserve special attention - feta cheese (sirene) and, in fact, sour milk (kiselo mlyako). Brynza is added to almost all national dishes, especially often in salads, stewed or baked vegetables, meat and fish. Kiselo mlyako is a salad dressing, a base for sauces, or a drink on its own, a glass of which will come in handy more than ever after an eventful day.
Bulgaria is a country of vineyards, so you can taste local wine in any restaurant. Also, in almost any such establishment you can try rakia - fruit vodka based on apples, grapes, apricots or peaches, or mastic - aniseed vodka.
Money of the Republic of Bulgaria
The official monetary unit of the state is the Bulgarian lev (BNG), consisting of 100 stotinki - an analogue of our kopecks. Within the framework of the Monetary Council, the lev quotes are inextricably linked to the euro exchange rate (1 € = 1.95 BNG), which minimizes possible speculation at exchange offices. In mid-February 2016, 1 Bulgarian lev cost approximately 44 rubles, but before traveling to the country the exchange rate will have to be clarified. In addition to the lev, American dollars and euros are also often used in everyday life, but they are not accepted everywhere, so a sensible tourist should always have some national banknotes with him. Cashless payments are widespread only in major cities, which again speaks to the need to always have cash with you.
It is best to exchange currency at the United Bank of Bulgaria and other official points, but in no case use the services of a money changer, as there is a very high probability of being deceived. Rubles are not accepted at all points, so best option– stock up on the required minimum of levs or euros in advance. At the same time, it is not worth exchanging too much money, because Bulgarian banks have a problem changing levs back to dollars; this can only be done with a limited amount when leaving the country, and at an unfavorable rate.
Paperwork
Arranging documents for visiting Bulgaria is not difficult and, in comparison with other EU countries, inexpensive. Free entry into the country is allowed to holders of multiple Schengen visas or to those who have a national visa to Romania or Cyprus. If there are none, you will have to collect a simple package of papers and spend from 3 (urgent) to 7 (regular) days to obtain a national visa to Bulgaria. Until recently, self-processing of documents through the consulate in Moscow cost approximately 55 €, of which 35 € is a consular fee, about 20 € is a service fee, but from January 1, 2016, the amount of the consular fee has been reduced to 10 €. Children under 16 years of age receive a visa free of charge.
A detailed list of documents and the cost of their preparation can be found on the official website of the Bulgarian Embassy in Moscow www.mfa.bg or by contacting the consulate by phone +7 499 143 62 30 (Monday-Friday from 15.00 to 17.00). You can also use the help of travel agencies when preparing entry documents.
Accommodation in Bulgaria
A wide selection of good cheap hotels has long been one of the main advantages of Bulgaria in the tourism sector. Bargain hunters don't have to search for a long time to find a room at a low price, while lovers of more comfortable rest will not be disappointed either: first-class hotels in cities and on beach resorts offer no less amenities than in any other country in the world.
When planning a trip to Bulgaria or any other country, it is important to take care of accommodation in advance. You can try to rent a room or apartment directly from the owners yourself. But you should think about this in advance, at least a couple of months before your planned trip: in Bulgaria there is a crazy demand for housing, especially during the season. The choice of hotels is wide in almost all cities of the country: for every taste and wallet size.
Overall, it is one of the cheapest travel countries in Europe. A room for two in hotels in small resort towns such as Kranevo or Pomorie will cost an average of 30 leva per day (about 15 euros). Hotel stays over popular resorts depends on the number of stars, for example, a double room in 4-star hotels will cost about 200 leva per day. The price of a detached house on the seashore ranges from 60-80 leva. When looking for housing in Bulgaria, you can use the services of proven travel companies or our website, this will help avoid scammers and guarantee acceptable living conditions.
Camping in Bulgaria - no the best choice, since nowhere except the Black Sea coast are there real amenities for vacationers in this way. Contact the Bulgarian Tourist Bureau in Sofia (tel.: 02-987-97-78) for more information detailed information. “Wild” camping is illegal.
Hostel
There are many good cheap youth hotels in Bulgaria with shared bedrooms for about 20 leva per night or even less. The best ones get busy during high season, so advance booking is recommended.
Transport
Public transport is represented by buses, trolleybuses, trams and the country's only metro line, located in Sofia. Transport does not operate around the clock, so the schedule must be checked immediately before traveling to Bulgaria. Travel documents are sold at bus stops, at newsstands or directly from the driver. It is important not to forget to validate your tickets, otherwise you may get caught by the inspector and then you will have to pay a fine of 1 lev.
If you have an international driver's license, you can rent a car. It will cost about 30-60 leva per day, but it is worth taking into account that the roads in the provincial towns of the country leave much to be desired.
Taxi
Bulgarian taxi drivers once had a reputation as real robbers. Now, thanks to legislation, all cars are equipped with meters, and drivers (at least in Sofia) are required to issue receipts. This does not mean that tourists are never scammed out of extra money; this happens sometimes. But if you keep a cool head and always use a taxi with the company name (“Yellow Taxi”, tel.: 02-911-19; “Euro Taxi”, tel.: 02-910-33; “Sofia Taxi”, tel.: 02- 974-47-47; “OK Supertrans”, tel.: 02-973-21-21 in Sofia), then the trips will be amazingly cheap. Don't expect drivers to speak English, but you can ask your hotel concierge or restaurant waiter to call a taxi for you.
Net railways well developed, tickets are cheap, and trains run on schedule, although rather slowly. Even express trains with optimistic names InterCity and Expres do not live up to expectations. The fastest of the five daily trains from Sofia to Varna takes eight and a half hours. If you want to travel by train, it's best to do it at night in an inexpensive sleeping car(sleeping). Buying tickets can be a labor-intensive process; don't expect help from the cashiers. It is best to buy tickets at the Wasteels office, to the left of the entrance to Sofia Station.
Bus and taxi
In Bulgaria, intercity bus service has been developed, which is indispensable in small mountain villages and towns remote from busy highways. Traveling by this type of transport will cost a tourist an average of 9 leva per 100 km. A convenient way to get around is by taxi, which in Bulgaria is easily recognized by the yellow color of the cars and the characteristic checkered design.
After spending an unforgettable vacation, you always want to please your loved ones with nice gifts and take something for yourself as a souvenir of a pleasant vacation. Fortunately, the choice of souvenirs in Bulgaria is very large.
When it comes to gifts for the fair half of humanity, things are as simple as shelling pears - be sure to purchase natural Bulgarian cosmetics based on rose extracts. All kinds of creams, lotions, soaps, shampoos and much more can be found not only in the vicinity of the Rose Valley, but throughout the country. Elegantly packaged, such gifts will please every woman.
Men will most likely appreciate souvenir alcohol: rakia, cognac or wine, infused according to the best traditional recipes, will allow you to touch the national spirit of this people.
Rose jam is a delicious souvenir from Bulgaria, sold in almost any grocery store. The characteristic pleasant taste will remind you of this hospitable country for a long time.
Sharena sol is a favorite seasoning of Bulgarians, which is salt mixed with spices. It goes well with any dish and has an unusual and aesthetic appearance.
Tablecloths, napkins, small rugs woven from the finest sheep wool and decorated with ethnic embroidery are an excellent gift that can add zest to the interior. But for such souvenirs, you will most likely have to go to small villages at the foot of the mountains.
Handmade wooden and ceramic dishes with ornate patterns will please any housewife, and thick-walled clay pots are suitable for preparing stewed meats and vegetables - perhaps even according to Bulgarian recipes.
Also in Bulgaria, at almost every step you can buy classic souvenirs: magnets, key rings, T-shirts, small figurines, etc. The only advice for tourists is to try not to put off purchasing gifts until the last day: at airports and train stations they are significantly overpriced, and the choice is limited.
The Bulgarian customs service is quite loyal, so there are no significant restrictions on the export of goods, except for the standard ban for all countries on the transport of weapons, prohibited narcotic or flammable substances, as well as items of historical value.
Cloth
Bulgarians have few preconceptions about clothing, but note that local women cover their heads when entering a church or cathedral, although foreigners are not required to do the same. If you are invited to a Bulgarian home, you must take off your shoes or at least offer to do so.
Bicycles for rent
Cycling is not popular in Bulgaria and there are almost no cyclists in the cities. On ski resorts, such as Vitosha, Bansko, Pamporovo and Borovets, you can rent mountain bikes in large hotels for about 20 leva per day, leaving a credit card as a deposit. Large hotels on the Black Sea coast also rent bicycles.
Car rental
To see the best of Bulgaria, it is recommended to rent a car for one or two days, but this is relatively expensive: prices start from about 120 levs per day. However, gasoline is cheap. All major rental companies have branches throughout the country, including Varna and Sofia airports, and cars can be rented at most major hotels. Roads are generally in poor condition and traveling at night can be dangerous.
Another option is to rent a car with a driver. To do this, it is better to approach the taxi driver in big city, ask if he is free, and then negotiate a price. You are unlikely to be refused, and you can find common ground for about 100 leva per day plus the cost of gasoline, food and overnight accommodation.
Driving
In Bulgaria, traffic is on the right, although in rural areas they turn a blind eye to such rules at best. If you bring a car to Bulgaria, you must have a driver's license and proof of international insurance coverage (green card).
Those who forgot to do this can buy insurance at the border. Your passport will be stamped confirming that you arrived by car. If you try to leave the country by any other means, you will have to explain what happened to the car.
Moving around big cities no worse or better than most other countries, but outside the cities things are different. There are only two real motorways in Bulgaria: Sofia - Plovdiv (partially) and Sofia - Pravets, and both have tolls. Other roads between cities are mostly two or one lane. The roads are generally poorly signposted, so be prepared detailed map or navigator. The road surface is uneven and not well lit, so be careful at night. As you drive through villages, beware of the occasional gypsy cart and unattended animals. The speed limit is 60 km/h in cities, 80 km/h on open roads and 120 km/h on motorways, although Bulgarians pay little attention to this.
Information for disabled people
Bulgaria is making huge strides towards accommodating travelers with disabilities, but mobility remains difficult. Sofia is ahead of the rest: there are simple ramps for wheelchairs in many public squares, museums and other attractions, as well as metro stations. There are many hotels on the Black Sea coast that can take care of disabled tourists. On mountain resorts In other cities, things are more complicated.
